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Contents Isabelle
Green building
movement in India
10
Initiation and growth of green
building movement in India
18
make in residential buildings
inspired to be
ITC Hotel
Showcasing the green
26
features of ITC Hotel
30
cities of India
isabelle@inspiredgreen.in www.inspiredgreen.in
BEE’s Energy Performance Index (EPI)
Star Rating
The calculated Energy Performance Index (EPI) in kWh / sqm/ year will be considered for the rating. For example
the correlated EPI and Star Rating for Offices with more than 50% air conditioning with respect to the various
climate zones are as below.
Urjavara Organisation as well as BEE 115-90 4 Star 125-100 4 Star 105-80 4 Star
Below 90 5 Star Below 100 5 Star Below 80 5 Star
K
alakshetra is a highly respected and long Kalakshetra is situated in a verdant campus known for
established centre for performing arts retaining an atmosphere of being close to nature in the
specializing in classical dance, music and form of a thickly wooded environment devoid of any
theatrical arts reflecting a wide range and depth from form of automotive traffic in most part of the campus
century old traditional art forms to modern practice. and close to the coast of Bay of Bengal. The undulating
Built in 1982, the design of this auditorium boasts of campus primarily consisting of sand dunes and ponds
passive architectural techniques adopted in design with leaves a lasting impression on any visitor. Aptly so, the
This auditorium is non air-conditioned and is only naturally were achieved as part of built-in architectural design efforts.
no significant M&E interventions, despite it being situated ambience lends itself specifically to that which focuses ventilated. Located in a hot and humid zone, being close Though not measured and recorded, this auditorium is
in Chennai, known for its hot & humid coastal climate. on teaching of traditional performing art forms of India. to the seashore, and set in a densely vegetated area, the highly sought after, especially during the Community Art
micro climate offered innate opportunity for the building to Festivals, organized periodically.
take advantage of the sea breeze in the afternoons when
performances were held. In the early part of the mornings, As an evidence of the successful architectural and
classes are held in traditional Indian dance forms when the climate responsive design measures, not only the internal
land breeze keeps the inside airy, cool and comfortable. conditions are comfortable during all seasons but also has
Also the high ceiling, deep overhangs of the roof, slatted resulted in great acoustics, even without artificial sound
and internally inclined, serve as sun breakers enhancing reinforcing systems. Except for the use of structural steel
the comfort of the interior even on hot summer days. portals to span the wide seating area, all materials were
locally sourced.
Sewage and sullage waters are segregated and the sullage
water after passing through natural filteration media is The project was completed in early ‘80s, long before
used for irrigating the landscape by gravity, without use of green processes / certifications came into being, but with
electrical pumping. the most environmental friendly & energy conservation
measures factored in design! This project is a true
There was no enhanced cost towards electro-mechanical reflection of the best in passive design features that have
interventions. Most of the efficiencies for climatic comfort been adopted & is core to CRN’s design philosophy.
The environmental impact of the building design, construction and operation industry is
significant. Buildings annually consume more than 20% of the electricity used in India.
Development shifts land usage away from natural, biologically-diverse habitats to hardscape
that is impervious and devoid of biodiversity. The far reaching influence of the built environment
necessitates action to reduce its impact. Green building practices can substantially reduce
or eliminate negative environmental impacts and improve existing unsustainable design,
construction and operational practices. As an added benefit, green design measures reduce
operating costs, enhance building marketability, increase employee productivity and
reduce potential liability resulting from indoor air quality problems.
The council offers a wide array of services which include developing new green building rating 500
465
programmes, certification services and green building training programmes. The council also
organises Green Building Congress, India’s annual flagship event on green buildings. 400
Registered
The council is committee-based, member driven and consensus-focussed. All the stakeholders Certified
Green Building
30
1 0 10 2 17 540 10 15
2 1
0
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Movement in India With 691 Registered buildings, 433 Million Sq.ft of green foot print and still counting...
140
120
Registered Projects & Million Sq.ft
100
88
No of regisered projects
80
71.1 Area (M Sq.ft)
60
Evaporative Arctic Spot ECP Modules
42
Cooling Pads Coolers Coolers for AHUs
40
31.9
20
0
0 0 Substantial Green Building LEED Points for
2007 2008 2009 2010 • Energy Saving green building council
• Improved IEQ
Year australia member
FOUNDING MEMBER
35% green footprint (146.24 Million sq ft) is from Homes BCIL T-ZED Homes, Bangalore, IGBC Green Homes Platinum
Year
• Innovative New Technology
RB/DRI/1073FC
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green landscaping are also in the development phase. For devising these rating systems a systematic approach has been adopted with
the expertise of eminent industry professionals, architects and other experts of that particular field, which makes it much more valid.
USA ǀ Brazil ǀ Europe ǀ Turkey ǀ UAE ǀ South Africa ǀ India ǀ Malaysia ǀ China ǀ Philippines ǀ Korea ǀ Japan ǀ Australia
25.06.10 23 cm x 17.5 cm
Since 1895
8
th India now has 10
0+
rtified Green B
Ce uildings
Edition
Green
Building 6-9 October 2010
Congress 2010 Chennai Trade Centre, Chennai, India
Asia's largest green building conference & exhibition
Mr Tim Cole Mr Mark Ginsberg Dr Prem C Jain Ar Karan Grover Mr Christopher C Benninger
USGBC USDOE IGBC Karan Grover Associates CCB Architects
Mr Chris Smith Dr Kath Williams Ar Rajeev Kathpalia Ms Chitra Vishwanath Prof Roland Stulz
USGBC Kath Williams + Associates Vastu Shilpa Consultants Biome Environmental Solutions Novatlantis, Switzerland
The event will feature the following Some of the products / technologies on display
Date Event Acoustical systems
ª Insulation
ª
5 & 6 October Training Programme on Green Building Rating Systems Adhesive / Paints /
ª Lighting & day lighting
ª
Sealants products
5 & 6 October Training Programme on Energy Simulation
Building automation &
ª Plumbing, water systems
ª
7 - 9 October Exhibition on Green Building Products & Technologies controls & treatment
7 & 8 October International Conference on Green Buildings Ceiling systems
ª Site & landscape products
ª
Flooring systems
ª Waste management,
ª
6 & 9 October Green Building Mission
Heating, Ventilation & AC
ª salvage & recycling
9 October Conference on Green Homes equipment & systems services..... and more
your
ok
day ls
er To l
Bo
Sta
st
Regi Focus Areas Country Partner Knowledge Partner Principal Supporters
Architectural perspectives
©
Conference Registration Exhibition Space Booking & Sponsorship Training Programme & Green Building Tours Exhibition Entry Pass & Visitor Registration
R. Sudharsan K Raman Sriram Bhaskar Ziaur Rahman
+91 99890 91742 +91 99890 91743 +91 99890 91744 +91 99890 91744
r.sudharsan@cii.in k.raman@cii.in sriram.bhaskar@cii.in ziaur.rahman@cii.in
www.igbc.in
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With steps like BEE Energy Star certification, the air-conditioning industry has done a lot of work to
increase energy efficiency. However, the high power consumption is still viewed as a barrier towards
How better
a purchase decision by most home-owners. The running cost for an air-conditioner is still perceived
With steps like BEE
as prohibitively high.Energy Star certification, the air- by almost 87% through application of 50mm Extruded
conditioning industry has done a lot of work to increase Polystyrene (XPS) thermal insulation.
energy
This isefficiency. However, thebuilding
where residential high power consumption
insulation is
can play an important role by lowering power consumption
by mostThe Itresultant
is possible to reduce heat gain by 70% by proper use of
home insulation
still viewed as
through a amore
barrier efficient
towards a purchase
buildingdecision
envelope. lower energy bills can makes air-
home-owners. The running cost for an air-conditioner is still insulation in the building envelope thereby reducing power
conditioners affordable from a running-cost perspective, and thereby provides an incentive for
perceived as prohibitively high. consumption required to cool the interiors. We have estimated
customers to buy an air-conditioner. that with a 70% reduction of heat load, the savings accrued
This is where residential building insulation can play an through reduced electricity costs are quite dramatic. (Refer to
important
In a building role byit islowering powerthat
estimated consumption
20% of the through
solaraheatFig gain comes
Fig 2 athrough
graphicalthe roof & 15% through
same).the
could “broaden the pond” for the air more
walls, efficient
and the building envelope.from
remaining The resultant lower energy
the windows, doors, makes
1 and
occupants,
representation of the This
the monthly running cost of an air-conditioner like
ground and other heat sources in an
bills can make air-conditioners
appliances, etc.. Through affordable from a running-cost
calculations it can be established
insulated that heat
building comegain from
down a roof70%
by almost alone
!! reduces
conditioner market in India perspective,
by almost and 87%thereby
to buy an air-conditioner.
throughprovide an incentive
application for customers
of 50mm Extruded Polystyrene (XPS) thermal insulation.
With such a monthly running cost, the barrier for potential
home ofowners who defer purchases of air-conditioners due to
by Mr.R.Rangarajan, Chief Executive, Supreme Petrochem Ltd, Mumbai. e-mail: r_rangarajan@spl.co.in It aisbuilding
In possible it isto reduce that
estimated heat20% gain by solar
of the 70% heatby proper
gain use insulation in the building envelope thereby
their high monthly running costs gets lowered tremendously.
reducing
comes power
through the roofconsumption
& 15% through required
the walls,to and
cool thethe interiors. We have estimated that with a 70%
It provides an incentive for more homeowners to buy & avail
remaining
reductionfrom of theheat windows,
load, doors, occupants,
the savings ground and
accrued through reduced electricity costs are quite dramatic.
of the benefits of air-conditioning without having to worry
other
(Refer heattosources
Fig 1 like & aappliances,
graphical etc.. Through calculations
representation of the same in Fig 2). This makes the monthly running
about exorbitant electricity bills.
itcost
can be established that heat gain from a roof alone reduces
of an air-conditioner in an insulated building come down by almost 70% !!
Current Market Scenario Residential Building Insulation
Increasing prosperity & the lowering prices of window and split Residential Building insulation is a very well established
air-conditioners have made them affordable to most middle concept globally. In India, till recently, it was virtually unknown.
class home owners. However, despite the price afford ability, However with increasing temperatures & rising energy costs,
many homeowners still hesitate to purchase an air conditioner the market for building insulation is starting to grow in India.
when they consider the high running costs. This is an untapped
market and provides an opportunity to “broaden the pond” for Building insulation is one of the components towards an
air-conditioner manufacturers. energy efficient building envelope. It serves as the outer shell
to protect the indoor environment as well as to facilitate its
There is an opportunity for window air-conditioner climate control.
manufacturers to think out of the box and “broaden the pond”
to exponentially expand the size of the target market. In tropical climates like India, 80% of the total heat gain is due
to direct solar radiation and the rest is due to temperature
In this context, the following issues in the background are difference between the exteriors and interiors. Thus to reduce
important to note : the overall Relative Heat Gain (RHG), it becomes necessary to
curtail the incoming solar radiation. This is s typically achieved
• India is under increasing pressure to cut greenhouse
by the use of opaque insulation for walls & roofs and the use
gases and be more energy efficient.
of solar control glass with high performance solar coatings.
• As per the Bureau of Energy Efficiency’s statistics,the With such a monthly running cost, the barrier for potential home owners who defer purchases of air-
building sector in India accounts for 33% of the conditioners due to their high monthly running costs gets lowered tremendously. It provides an
How Residential Building Insulation Figure
incentive for 1 -Energy
more consumption
homeowners to buy of air-conditioner
& avail of theinbenefits
an uninsulated and insulated without
of air-conditioning building having to
total energy consumed. Of this, the residential
improves Air-conditioning performance worry about exorbitant
Figure electricity
1 - Energy bills. of air-conditioner in an uninsulated and insulated building
consumption
sector accounts for 25% and the commercial sector
accounts for 8%.
Effective residential building insulation reduces heat ingress
• Buildings account for close to 10% of the global Rs. 20,000
into the building thereby lowering power consumption for air-
greenhouse abatement potential. Retrofit of residential conditioning dramatically for the consumer. This is a simple Rs. 18,000
HVAC is one of the most important measures to being but effective “win-win” situation for all stakeholders.
more energy efficient & thereby lowering greenhouse Rs. 16,000
gas emissions. The initial capital cost of air-conditioners itself may not be
Rs. 14,000 Total Electricity Cost per month
• Bureau of Energy Efficiency (which is under the aegis a deterrent to many consumers, but the high running costs
(Rs)
of Ministry of Power, Govt of India) has introduced the (increase in monthly electricity bills by at least Rs. 800/-per Rs. 12,000
Energy Conservation & Building Code (ECBC 2007) as month) are usually a huge deterrent. Total Savings w.r.t "No Star" per
a voluntary code but is well on the way to making it Rs. 10,000 annum (Rs)
An air-conditioning solution that could be a certain winner in
• mandatory in a phased manner. the Indian market would be one that meets two criteria: Rs. 8,000 Total Electricity Cost per month
• Energy cost will only increase in times to come, and with insulation (Rs)
the pressure on the air-conditioner market to lower • Air-conditioners that entail low initial capital investment.
Rs. 6,000
energy consumption will increase dramatically, as air Total Savings w.r.t (No insulation
• Power consumption is low enough so that the increase Rs. 4,000
conditioners account for the major chunk of energy + "No Star") per annum (Rs)
in monthly electricity cost is very low Rs. 2,000
consumption in any household or building.
• Therefore, considering these issues, it is important Air conditioner manufacturers have already worked on Rs. -
for the air-conditioning business to think differently bringing the initial capital investment well within the reach of
to offer to address customers who are not yet in most Indian home-owners. The easy availability of consumer No Star 1 Star 2 Star 3 Star 4 Star 5 Star
the addressable market. credit for purchase of appliances also does not make this a
Figure 2 - Savings from use of energy efficient air-conditioners in uninsulated & insulated buildings
major barrier in a “purchase decision”. Figure 2 -Savings from use of energy efficient air-conditioners in uninsulated & insulated buildings
In addition to the quantifiable savings that residential building insulation brings, there are several other
advantages where the performance of the air-conditioner improves dramatically:
T
all buildings clad in glass are being thermal mass in the exterior walls. The federal, state
constructed in urban environments all & city ordained energy efficiency requirements have
around the world. Glass has been become more and more stringent and it has become Form follows Marketing Conclusion: Form follows Technology
the preferred material in the very important to rethink our glass buildings. So
construction of tall buildings because where is the demand for glass-clad buildings Most tall luxury buildings are being sold with fancy European Historically, tall buildings have fueled the vanity of large
it offers fast construction, off site coming from? Let’s take a brief look at the world of
names making promises of the elysium that lies within. The corporations and developers. The glitzy glass clad tall
fabrication and lightness to the real estate development in particular of New York City
building structure. On the one hand to understand this trend. The hope is to understand promise of extreme comfort, sprawling views and out-of-the buildings have heralded economic progress on the skyline
glass is an ingenious façade material the demand side of the development industry and world amenities brings in astronomical amounts of dollars per of many cities. Times have changed and glass clad buildings
but on the other hand, it has made renew a set of design management strategies that square foot in sales. The cost of constructing residences or are being criticized for their energy inefficiency. The need to
our buildings into energy guzzlers. The can at least question if not curb the incessant supply hotel rooms in these tall mixed use developments is usually conserve, recycle and reuse resources is more urgent than
amount of energy required to heat or cool a glass of inefficient glass buildings before they are blindly ever. The vision of endless corporate utopia offered by glass
so prohibitive that they have to be marketed as ultra-luxury
building is significantly more than a building with supplanted all over the developing world. clad skylines needs a little adjustment. With the development
items in order to recover the costs. The marketing team is
of double or triple skin facades or pressure equalized 2 or
brought in to create a sales strategy very early in the planning
New York Skyline 3 element systems, tall buildings can be made to perform
process. They target the very slim section of demographics efficiently. We need to use the latest in these technologies
that will pay a very high price per square foot if their priorities and transfer it to the local context of their construction.
are met. The priority list of this very slim section of the
Tall buildings may form a small percentage of our total built
demographics becomes a big determinant of building design.
environment but they are definitely the most visible elements
We have observed that this buyer prioritizes sprawling views,
of our urban centers. Sustainable tall buildings should
security, recreation amenities and comfort technologies
use this ability to showcase the visible elements of green
much before they even consider the exterior design of the technologies in order to sensitize the spectators with their
building. However, the demand for sprawling views has a
built environment.
great impact on the exterior skin of the building. The design
Form follows New York challenge typically is to preserve the buyer’s priority for views
and still achieve a high performance building.
The famous New York skyline has been a symbol of
economic progress and inspiration for a number of
burgeoning economic centers all over the world. In Form follows Energy Demand
order to understand why tall buildings look like the
way they do in New York City, we must look at some Sustainable architecture today is focused on reducing energy
factors outside of architecture and design which consumption in buildings. However, our built environment
have historically predestined whether a building will is shaped more by energy demand rather than energy
be a glass building or mass building. consumption. While the power consumption in tall buildings
A look at the Lever house in New York gives a great has been brought down with daylighting strategies, LED
example of Corporate Modernism in America. This lighting, occupancy sensors etc, the demand load is still
building established a new paradigm for American 3-4 times the consumption in these buildings. The demand
business. This symbol of Corporate America has
loads can only be brought down by reducing the mechanical
driven the vocabulary of steel and glass in high rise
corporate towers until the end of the last century infrastructure in these buildings without compromising
culminating with the AOL Time Warner Center in New thermal comfort and allowable factors of safety.
York City. The difference however was that the latter
was developer built. In most cases the developer Whereas real prices of various energy forms have been
who builds the projects is not really the end user. The decreasing during most of the industrial history, due to
developer typically leverages the pre-construction economies of scale and technology, the expectation for the
sales of the building to secure lending from banking future is the opposite. We have realized that the real problem
institutions for construction and once the building
facing us is not just population growth but population
is built the developer transfers the ownership to
the future buyers and exits. Bluntly speaking, it is growth coupled with the fact that our resources are finite.
a bottom-line business. “Owners want the quickest Tall sustainable buildings will need to reduce the burden
build-out at the lowest first cost in order for the future on city infrastructure & the energy industry by installing
tenants to occupy the space and generate revenue some demand side strategies and actually reducing the
as soon as possible”, says Michael Deane of Turner AOL Time Warner Centre, New York
infrastructural requirements of these buildings.
Construction. So there is usually a limited interest
in features that have long term benefits, such as
energy efficiency measures, as the developers are
not generally around to reap those benefits. Lever House, New York
ITC Green Centre "During the next quarter century, the most significant net contribution to a greener world will be made by
industry. Not every company is there yet, but most are trying. Those that aren't trying won't be a problem
simply because they won't be around long term". Ed Woolard - former chairman of DuPont
Inspired by nature
In a chapter of The Road, Rachael Carlson wrote • Building constructed with Fly Ash based cement
"the road we have been taking is deceptively easy RMC (3.36%), Autoclave Aerated Concrete (AAC)
a smooth super highway on which we progress with great Blocks (55%)
speed, but at its end lies disaster. The other fork of the road • Double glazed windows with low-e coating
-the one less travelled by" -offers our last our only chance • Rain water harvesting
to reach a destination that assures the preservation of • Use of Variable Air Volume Chiller of 6.1
our earth. • CFC, HCFC & Halon free air- conditioning system
• Solar thermal water heating system for hot water
ITC commenced its journey on the less traveled road generation
some 17 years ago. In the bargain, discovering unknown • Light pollution reduction
opportunities leading to new ways of doing old things, • Use of day lighting resulting in reduction of life
learning the art of eco designing, which is nothing but cycle cost on energy front
the art of seeing opportunities where none exist. • Energy efficient lighting (T5 lamps with electronic
Conceptualization, modeling and scaling up has been ballast,high efficient luminarie)
the forte of the Company. The ecological challenges • Water saving techniques
thrown up by modern industrial life styles have brought • Water efficient landscaping
in its wake innumerable challenges which need to be • Sewage treatment plant and waste water recycling
addressed creatively & innovatively by process, policy • Low VOC, rapidly renewable & certified materials
and design innovation which will hopefully result in • Use of certified wood
reducing our collective environment foot print. • Eco friendly house keeping chemicals & practices
• Environment Tobacco smoke control
• Carbon dioxide monitoring
Surveillance and Control Equipment E-waste constitutes only 5-8 percent of municipal solid • Carcinogenic (lung cancer)
• Inhalation of fumes and dust. Causes chronic
waste, yet it is accumulating at a rate three times that of Motherboard Beryllium (Be)
Automatic Issuing Machines beryllium disease or beryllicosis.
other solid waste. • Skin diseases such as warts.
Major portion of e-waste is processed by the informal (unorganized) sector using rudimentary techniques such as
Hazardous Technologies State-of-the-art Recycling acid leaching and open-air burning, which results in severe environmental damage. E-waste workers have little or no
Incineration Technologies knowledge of toxins in e-waste and are exposed to health hazards. High-risk backyard recycling operations impact
vulnerable social groups like women, children and immigrant labourers. Inefficient recycling processes result in
The state-of-the-art recycling of e-waste comprises three steps:
substantial losses of material value and resources. Cherry-picking by recyclers who recover precious metals (gold,
1. Detoxication platinum, silver, copper, etc) and improperly dispose of the rest, posing environmental hazards. There is no specific
legislation for dealing with e-waste at present.
The first step in the recycling process is the removal of critical
components from the e-waste in order to avoid dilution of Status of e-waste initiatives in India
and / or contamination with toxic substances during the
WEE Generating Top 10 Cities
The Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF) of the government of India is
downstream processes. City WEE (in tonnes) responsible for environmental legislation and its control. The Central Pollution
Mumbai 11017.1 Control Board (CPCB), an autonomous body under the MoEF, plays an
It is the process of destroying waste through burning. Because
important role in drafting guidelines and advising the MoEF on policy matters
of the variety of substances found in e-waste, incineration Delhi 9730.3
regarding environmental issues. Historically, in 2001 in cooperation with
is associated with a major risk of generating and dispersing Bengaluru 4648.4
MoEF, the German Technology Cooperation (GTZ) began work on hazardous
contaminants and toxic substances. The gases released during
Kolkata 4025.3 waste management in India through the advisory services in environmental
the burning and the residue ash is toxic.
Chennai 4132.2 management. Subsequently, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Testing
Open burning and Research (EMPA) started to implement its global programme ‘Knowledge
Ahmedabad 3287.5
Partnerships in e-waste Recycling.’
Hyderabad 2833.5
2. Shredding Combining the knowledge and technical expertise of EMPA on ewaste
Pune 2584.2 management, coupled with the field experience of the Indo-German projects
Mechanical processing is the next step in e-waste treatment,
Typical components of a mechanical processing plant are Nagpur 1768.9 in managing hazardous waste in India, the Indo-German-Swiss ewaste initiative
crushing units, shredders, magnetic-eddy-current- and air- was born in 2004. The vision of this initiative is to establish a clean e-waste
Surat 1836.5
separators. The gas emissions are filtered and effluents are channel that is a:
treated to minimize environmental impact. 1. Convenient collection and disposal system for large and small consumers to return all their e-waste safely.
Since open fires burn at relatively low temperatures, they 2. Voluntary system for modern and concerned producers to care for their product beyond its useful life.
release many more pollutants than in a controlled incineration. 3. Financially secure system that makes environmentally and socially responsible e-waste recycling viable.
Inhalation of open fire emissions can trigger asthma attacks,
The objectives of the initiative are:
respiratory infections, and cause other problems such as
1. Reduce the risks to the population and the pollution of the environment resulting from unsafe handling.
coughing, wheezing, chest pain, and eye irritation. Often open
2. Focus on knowledge transfer to and skills upgrade of all involved stakeholders through trainings and seminars.
fires burn with a lack of oxygen, forming carbon monoxide,
3. Target mainly the existing informal recyclers allowing for their maximum but safe participation in future e-waste
which poisons the blood when inhaled.
management by facilitating their evolution and integration in formal structures.
Landfilling
Existing e-waste recycling ventures in India
3. Refining
• Eco Recycling Limited (Ecoreco) in Mumbai was incorporated in September 2007 to manage end of life electrical &
The third step of e-waste recycling is refining. Refining of electronic waste in an organized manner employing necessary technology & methodology to derive commercial
resources in e-waste is possible and the technical solutions exist objective and also to protect ecology & environment.
to get back raw material with minimal environmental impact.
• Attero Recycling in Noida was in the year 2007 with an objective of providing an environmentally friendly solution
Most of the fractions need to be refined or conditioned in order
to the problem of e-waste. It’s, an integrated end-to-end electronic waste (e-waste) recycling company.
to be sold as secondary raw materials or to be disposed of in a
final disposal site. • E-Parisaraa in Bengaluru started in the year 2005, aiming to reduce the accumulation of used and discarded
Landfilling is one of the most widely used methods of waste electronic and electrical equipment and preventing it reaching the landfills.
disposal. However, it is common knowledge that all landfills
• Trishyiraya Recycling in Chennai, is an e-Waste recycling company, which provides e-waste management
leak. The leachate often contains heavy metals and other
consultancy, it’s a wholly owned Indian subsidiary of SIMS Recycling Solutions. SIMS group is a USD 8.0 billion
toxic substances which can contaminate ground and water
corporation having facilities in over 200 locations across the globe.
resources. Even well planned ones which are sealed to prevent
toxins from entering the ground are not completely tight Apart from such private initiatives it requires large scale government interventions in policy level and also in action to
in the long-term. tackle this upcoming threat, and the people’s awareness and support is most important.
& Green Buildings are titanium dioxide (TiO2) and carbon nanotubes. The former is being used for its ability to break down dirt or pollution and
then allow it to be washed off by rain water on everything from concrete to glass and the latter is being used to strengthen and
monitor concrete. Coatings made from nano-particles can be unusually tough or slippery, or exhibit unusual properties, such
as changing color when current is applied or cleaning themselves when it rains. Hybrid Materials with desired properties and
products like Nano Solar Paints provide unimaginable benefits.
Author: Nitin Narang, LEED AP
Building Envelope and Thermal Performance
Nitin’s 10-year international background offers involvement in architecture and urban design projects By tweaking molecular properties affecting thermal performance, manufacturers have been able to significantly improve this
focused on sustainable design in India, USA, UAE & Europe. This study was initiated by Nitin as independent quality in some materials, offering potential energy-efficiency benefits to buildings. Aerogels, very lightweight solids made from
research while at University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign. (Email: nitin@greenroutesinc.com) silica and carbon, are a high-performing thermal product benefiting from nanotechnology.
Structural Systems
An outline research agenda for nanotechnology in cement and concrete covering the next two decades has been enacted;
however, practical applications have not yet emerged. Goals include improving mechanical and shrinkage properties, reducing
The biggest plans for the future of our built environment energy consumption during cement production, developing self-powered sensors to monitor the performance of installations
are actually very, very small. The multi billion dollar per year have shaped our lives. and developing innovative concrete materials. Material can be made ten times as strong & durable as steel for the same mass.
nanotechnology industry has already begun to transform It brings with it enormous questions, concerns
our buildings and how we use them; if its potential becomes and consequences. It raises hopes and fears in every At Nanoscale different laws of physics come into play, properties of traditional materials change, the behavior of surfaces
reality, it could transform our world in ways undreamed of. aspect of our lives—social, economic, cultural, political, and start to dominate the behavior of bulk materials, and whole realms open for us. Researchers suggest that nanotechnology will
Nanotechnology has the potential to radically alter our built spiritual. Yet its potential to transform our built environment increasingly help the building industry to improve the performance of its buildings. For the time being, cost and the
environment and how we live. It is potentially the most remains largely unexplored. The nanotech revolution is relatively small number of practical applications hold back much of the prospects for nanotechnology in the
transformative technology we have ever faced, generating bringing dramatic improvements in building performance, construction industry. However, materials are the core business of construction, and the prospects
more research and debate than nuclear weapons, space energy efficiency, environmental sensing, and sustainability, for change are significant in the not too distant future. The sheer size and scope of the
travel, computers or any of the other technologies that leading the way to greener buildings. construction industry means that the accompanying economic impact will be huge.
Trans-humanism
Semiconductors
Smart Materials
Structural System
Nanotechnology, the manipulation of matter at the molecular scale, is opening new possibilities in green building through
products like solar energy collecting paints, nanogel high-insulating translucent panels, and heat-absorbing windows. Even
more dramatic breakthroughs are now in development such as paint-on lasers that could one day allow materials to send
information to each other, windows that shift from transparent to opaque with the flip of a switch, and environmentally
friendly biocides for preserving wood. These breakthrough materials are opening new frontiers in green building, offering
unprecedented performance in energy efficiency, durability, economy and sustainability. Structural System –
Use of Carbon Fiber
Green Building Materials selection; can you please elaborate the benefits?
Simulation is one of the best design validation tools
nature and “treading softly” on our Mother Earth.
It is very important to understand that the goals of
available to architects and engineers of modern buildings sustainability haven’t changed, but the way we build
The choice of materials and products used in a building play an important role in the “Greeness” of a project and and our lifestyle requirements have gone radical change.
before a single brick is laid. The performance of the
has a major role in energy savings, indoor environment and can reduce the environmental impact of building
building can be predicted and optimized to work in an We have gone from hand fans to mechanical fans to
construction. The LEED and IGBC rating systems are excellent guides which provide a framework for the team to
integrated and efficient system. This is the opportunity air conditioners, from living with nature to protect
work towards green, although architects and consultants need to go above and beyond the rating systems to achieve
for the team to reduce costs by going Green and break ourselves from it. We should be inspired by our heritage,
higher levels of sustainability.
the misconception that Green Buildings costs more. not imitate it. Surprisingly, some of us build with this
ancient technology rather than adopting some of the
Energy Simulation helps the team predict the energy
new materials and technology available. Understanding
consumption and optimize the building elements
our past helps us to move forward confidently, but
like walls, roofs, glazing, insulation and glazing.
holding on to the past will prevent progress.
The HVAC and renewable energy system can be
optimized to save first and operating costs. Also, any
green building / energy conservation strategy can be Where do you see Green in India going
calculated, validated and payback period estimated. from here?
Lighting and Solar modeling is used to predict natural Green Buildings are here to stay and the number and
daylight, artificial light as well as heat gain in the awareness will only increase in the future. People are
building. These results can be analyzed and fine becoming more aware and conscious and would like to
tuned to optimize glazing, design shading devices and do their part in preventing climate change and global
develop a day lighting system that maximizes natural warming. Sustainability will become mainstream
light and compliments it with artificial light to achieve architecture, services and construction and Green
savings and a better indoor environment. lifestyles will be the only way forward for humanity.
What are “Green Materials”?
The savings have a snowball effect on energy I look forward to the day where every building
The “Greenest Material” in the world, is the material insulation (recycled content) or made into an entirely
conservation as reduced heat ingress and lighting loads is Green, where every building offsets its carbon
which has not been used, and does not exist in the new product. Currently, most of our building materials
result in downsized HVAC systems and in turn smaller footprint and has a zero discharge & waste generation
building. It has zero embodied energy and zero carbon and systems follow the “Cradle to Grave” system and
foot-print! This brings us to the core of Green Building DG and Transformers. The results are lower operating and the people of India will not accept anything less
we are running out of space for “Graves” in India!
design, which is minimum material and maximum costs and reduced maintenance. It is a win-win for
than a Green Building. We need to show that we care
efficiency. The team should validate the design through A lot has been said about the use of glass in a everyone involved.
about more than just ourselves, for this is a world we
energy and lighting simulations such that no element Green Building, what is your take on this? share with million other plants and animals and our
of the building is over designed or unnecessary or only India has always been sustainable, so why is the
A simple analogy; medicines are vital to all life to future generations should have the pleasure and joy of
for aesthetic purposes. Beauty comes from simple and Green Building such a new concept?
maintain health and cure disease. Drug abuse is when experiencing it, just as well, if not better, than we do
harmonious buildings, not from add-ons, this concept It is true that Green & sustainability has been part
we use these in an inappropriate way and actually cause every day of our lives.
is evident in all of Nature’s creations. I believe that
harm to ourselves. Similarly, glass is a vital element of our ethos and culture from time immemorial. Our
materials and products in a building are “Green” by
virtue of how they are used in an appropriate manner. in our buildings bringing in daylight and a connection
to the outdoors. Just like drug abuse, when architects Inspired to be GREEN, thanks Mr.Dhruv Futnani, for sharing his thoughts about green building to us.
When designing, also consider the “Cradle to Cradle” and clients use glass with no respect to the climate
concept, which was so well developed and articulated and site, it becomes a deterrent to the operating cost
by sustainability pioneer, William McDonough. Any of the building and health of its occupants. Energy Mr. Dhruv Futnani, LEED AP, IGBC AP.
product and material we use in the building should be and lighting simulations can help you to optimize
put back in the manufacturing process after its use in the the glass quantity, orientation, shading and thermal Dhruv is an Architect and Green Building Consultant who
building. For example, the insulation from a demolished properties as well as guides like ECBC and ASHRAE has worked on various certified LEED Platinum projects
building should be capable or direct reuse or processed can assist in the building design. If used intelligently in India and USA. He may be contacted at 9500076968
in some way so that it can be made into new “Glass can be Green”. or dhruv@spectralservices.net
The Sustainable yet • Energy & Atmosphere Credit 1 - Optimize Energy Performance – 1 Point
• Materials & Resources Credit 2.1 & 2.2 - Construction Waste Management – 1 or 2 Points
affordable solution
• Materials & Resources Credit 3.1 - Building Reuse – 1 Point
• Materials & Resources Credit 3.1 & 3.2 - Resource Reuse – 1 or 2 Points
• Materials & Resources Credit 4.1 & 4.3- Recycled Content – 1 or 2 Points
• Materials & Resources Credit 5.1& 5.2- Regional Materials – 1 or 2 Points
• Indoor Environmental Quality Credit 3.1 – Construction IAQ Management Plan (During Construction) – 1 Point
• Indoor Environmental Quality Credit 4.1 & 4.2 – Low Emitting Materials – 2 Points
• Water Conservation Credit 4.1 – Water use Reduction – 1 Point
LaGyp Boards can contribute up to 14 Points for LEED India New Construction Rating System (source: Lafarge &
IGBC). Hence gypsum drywalls is in true sense the best solution for constructions that needs to be “sustainable yet
affordable”. It is for this reason that forward looking people in the design and construction community ranging from 5
star properties like JW Mariott to budget hotel chains like the Ginger Hotels by Tata have taken the step towards this
more efficient way of construction. By using complete gypsum board systems in their ongoing projects the builders are
able to meet the tight construction schedule.
T
Installation Easy to Install Easy to Install Masonry work
o design buildings which reduce energy consumption, 3-4 times faster to install but also provide thermal insulation,
create healthy environment and restrict negative acoustic insulation up to 72 dB and improve the indoor air Proven fire
Fire resistant but no
Fire resistance starting
impacts on nature it takes a team of dedicated architects quality making it an appropriate material for a fast developing Not fire resistant fire rating
Resistance from 30min to 4 hrs
calculated
and engineers. The use of right materials along with optimized construction market such as India. The international trend of fire rating
orientation and design of the building have a great impact on replacing inefficient “wet constructions” with drywalls is
Thermal
the buildings energy consumption. High performance and gaining ground in India and successful implementation of K Value .16w/mk K Value .17w/mk Not known
Insulation
lightweight materials which allow fast construction give new drywall systems in our country is promising a fast developing
opportunities to increase energy-efficiency in buildings. market for gypsum boards. Cost of
Rs. 70 to 75 / sq.ft Rs. 90 to 110 / sq.ft Rs. 50 to 55 / sq.ft
Installation
The construction industry has developed materials which are Mr. Olivier Chaudet, CEO of Lafarge Boral Gypsum India sees
220 to 270 sq.ft can 220 to 270 sq.ft can 44 to 70 sq.ft can
stronger and many times lighter compared to traditional used one of the greatest challenges for the Indian market in training Time for
be completed by 1 be completed by 1 be completed by 1
materials, whereby reducing the quantity of material used. skilled labor and building awareness on advantages of drywall Installation person in one day person in one day person in one day
Lightweight construction helps to reduce the environmental system products. To address issues of training Lafarge has
Seamless finish
footprint of buildings and makes them more sustainable, established a world class training centre and invested in a mobile Finish Seamless finish Joints visible
only after pop
by reducing the embodied energy. The market demand for training facility where yearly about 1000 people are trained,
high performance buildings and efficient use of energy has some of them certified by going through the complete installation Minimum
75 mm 75 mm 140 mm
thickness
guided the construction industry to find building materials course. At construction site certified installers supervise the
providing better quality and reduced environmental impact. In application of gypsum boards and ensure a new quality level Gypsum board
9 times lighter than
the search for high performance building materials, gypsum for this application. Lafarge as a Group invests half of the Same as gypsum partitions are 9
Weight brick wall
board times lighter than
boards have conquered the market for partitions and ceilings R&D budget in the sustainability construction segment, and the (100kg per sq.mt )
brick wall
in many countries around the globe. These boards have raised results are convincing. Innovation that brings value to customers
the standards for building materials by combining qualities of and contributes towards more sustainable constructions is the STC –
Reduction Reduction
exceptional fire ratings, sound insulation and design flexibility main aim of such a focus through investment in research. A Acoustic Not tested
Up to 72 dB Up-to 45 dB max
Performance
as well as meeting the builder’s expectation for a fast and successful product is developed by working closely with the
affordable construction. design community to learn of specific requirements and address Water
the different needs of architects and builders. consumption 98% less than
Drywall construction with gypsum boards is 9 times lighter then Negligible 22 Lt/m2
during brick wall
compared to brick wall, hence the whole building structures can To address the issue of awareness LaGyp the brand of complete construction
be made lighter which saves concrete, steel and reduces the gypsum board solutions by Lafarge in India has also worked on Messy due to wet
environmental footprint of the building. several programs to be close to the design community as part of Relocation Fast and easy Wastage is high
construction
its global approach. Programs such as the Lafarge Avant Garde
Sustainability and “green” by definition doesn’t mean only Crowd
offers exchange opportunities through workshops, international 3 KN/M Not tested 3 KN/M
environment friendly but also comfort to the users and pressure
knowledge sharing trips and online information as well as
affordability. Gypsum drywalls on this aspect are not only Source : Research - Inspired to be GREEN
consultancy services.
Inspired to be GREEN I Volume 7 I 39
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Bamboo : Frank Costanzo Bamboo House Bamboo Bike
L
The Solar Decathlon is a competition
ike many, I never really understood exactly how But looking at it strictly
in which 20 teams of college and
much of an impact bamboo has been having from the vantage point
of the building industry, university students compete to design,
on the sustainable building industry and more
it's a true green product build, and operate the most attractive,
generally carbon sequestration potentials. However,
that makes economic effective, and energy-efficient solar-
recently, a client of PGI approached us as a UNEP
sense and is predictable. powered house. Competing colleges and
partner-consultant and it provided PGI a unique
That predictability has universities build solar powered homes
opportunity to deeply research the industry from end
come from massive amounts of research and testing and operate them on the National Mall
to end. Fact is, bamboo is a quite remarkable plant
by engineers and architects from INBAR and other for 3 weeks every other year. Recently
with yet to be tapped potentials. I think the reason it
institutes who really have to be thanked for getting the the Solar Decathlon was held in Madrid.
hasn't caught on more in India is the lack of integrated Bamb Ecological Technology Inc. is building handmade
management and project ownership. I'm pretty sure bamboo product lines accepted by the building industry. The Chinese team from Tongji university bamboo bicycles in the Philippines by employing people
the stigma of 'poor man's wood' has been erased It took about twenty years but bamboo products has designed and built ‘bamboo house’ from neighborhood villages. It's a very interesting
but still you find agro-investors much more drawn are being applied in ever widening applications. (aka sunshine inn). Made primarily out product, made out of bamboo grown in their region by
to the 'classics' like Teak and Eucalyptus; and that's The finish quality and consistency is what has been of bamboo, the house minimizes CO2 themselves, they've also made their own solar dryer box,
confounding because bamboo is such a better option. improving rapidly, and that's testament to its versatility. emission levels throughout the whole which will help speed up the bamboo treatment process.
However, that being said, some of the world's best Particularly in design and construction industries, production phase. The raw material is For more information visit www.bambike.com
research on propagation and nursery techniques have items or processes that don't perform to predictable
also locally cultivated.
standards fail in the marketplace. The recent lines
come out of Indian institutions over the past twenty
of products from bamboo whole or fiber are literally
years. Ironically, these home-grown processes are
mind-blowing and are clearly here to stay.
more likely to be adopted in China than India.
I think the UN FOA's observation puts it best: the And as we all know, something can be sustainable in
countries where bamboo is strong as an economic one application but not so in another. That's why it's
commodity tend to be more interested in increasing important that the building industry be good stewards
yields and expanding plantations. India has yet to really of the regeneration of bamboo stocks so we don't
invest in its potential perhaps due to the fact that over have a repeat of the 1950-80's when exploitation of
80% of bamboo farms are government owned. As soon bamboo as a material led to the destruction of massive
as bamboo is viewed through the lens of a free-market inventories. It's a prime example of the necessary man-
investment venture, the tides will turn. There really nature relationship, where the economic interests of
Exterior view of completed bamboo house Construction phase at the villa solar
is no reason that India should be importing finished the industry is harmonized with natural capital values.
bamboo products from China and Indonesia. It'd be Fortunately, organizations like UN FAO and INBAR are
like an OPEC nation importing oil. developing a universal framework for future global
forest resource assessments for bamboo. Frankly,
The real beauty of bamboo is that if properly managed bamboo-producing countries need to include bamboo
it's an unbeatable quality commodity. Plus, if the right in their national inventories and provide organizational
taxa is chosen, it's a top tier building product. Add to support to monitoring agencies that watchdog global
that it's incredible above-ground carbon containment natural capital resources like bamboo. Just like the
qualities, it's as 'real' green as you can get. But again, tiger census, we don't want to wake one day to find
to make it worth the time and meet expectations, it bamboo forests have been depleted. That would be
requires proper planning and management. It requires the ultimate “lose lose” situation: an accepted green
end-use analysis, proper processes, investment in material would erode from the market and a vital
Facade and structure Window detail PV panels in facade
tissue cultivated elite taxa and a host of other factors carbon sink would be eliminated. Currently FAO is
in order for it to be a fruitful endeavor for either the creating international standards and process manuals The house features two curved roofs and a solar-facing wall which are clad with photovoltaic panels that
agro side or manufacturing side. Quality of the culm is for ground and remote-sensing assessment of global can generate enough energy to sustain the house, and potentially sell back to the grid. Another highlight
everything, and you really can't achieve a high standard bamboo resources; as well as information sharing of of the 75 m2 house is the innovative interior wall covering, which utilizes phase change materials (such as
without capacity building from the laborer in the field to tech and processes so every bamboo growing country those used in heat packs) to heat and cool the house. In order to build the house quickly on site, the team
the mill manager. can benefit from healthy commercial quality inventories. pre-fabricated the majority of the house and prepared the material before shipping to Madrid.
Green School Bali, one of the most amazing schools site, and martial arts, with the Balinese traditional art of
on earth, is giving its students a relevant holistic Mepantingan being an important component. Students,
and green education. aged between three and 15, learn by doing, with each
child tending to their very own vegetable patch.
The students come from all corners of the world, many
relocating with their parents just for the experience of And as part of that commitment to greening the
attending. Amongst them, fully 20% are local Balinese kids environment, Green School is built entirely out of bamboo
funded by scholarships from generous donors, allowing – even its blackboards, desks, chairs and lamps.
them to benefit from an international education and
facilitating the magic of Balinese culture to fully permeate Bamboo is the latest darling of eco-conscious architects,
the education. The curriculum for younger children is designers and manufacturers all over the world. The
influenced by the work of Rudolf Steiner, who pioneered demand worldwide is high for bamboo for clothing, flooring,
the idea of holistic education. Older students have the furniture and as building material.
opportunity to study for Cambridge IGCSE's and a planned
IB diploma/certificate course will take them to graduation. Bamboo’s environmental benefits arise largely out of its
Green Studies, which focus on sustainability, and a ability to grow and spread quickly – in some cases, one
quality Creative Arts program complement the academic meter a day – without the need for fertilizers, pesticides
curriculum. or much water.
The Green Studies programme includes topics like carbon Bamboo also reaches structural maturity in four to five
footprint analysis, water studies and even, organic farming years and produces a crop each year (compared to 30
and gardening. to 50 years for most tropical hardwood trees), helping to
Within the Creative Arts and physical education improve soil conditions and prevent erosion along the way.
programmes, students delve into yoga and batik Bamboo is so fast-growing that it can yield 20 times more
surabhi
painting using natural dyes made from vegetation on timber than trees on the same area.
The principles of xeriscaping address the areas of slope, such as Southern Europe, North Africa, Western Asia, South
Benefits of Drought Tolerant Plants plants, plant groups, watering methods, and soil. And because Africa, and Australia that will thrive in our garden.
xeric design is based on principles, shape and other design
• Lower water bills aspects can be based on and used for any design style. Proper grouping of plants is a main principle of xeriscaping.
• Reduced water use Grouping plants with similar water needs allows them to be
• Attractive plants with less maintenance A common thought is that xeriscaping is strictly rocks and watered as required with very little waste. By planting high
cactus. While this may be one way of doing it, Xeriscape water use plants separate from low water use and no water
• More wildlife habitat
principles can be applied to any garden design style. Besides use plants, you can regulate water needs more accurately.
• Less plant disease and more pest resistance the native plants already adapted to your area, there are Your irrigation system can be zoned according to plant needs
• Deeper roots help to stabilize slopes many colorful drought tolerant plants native to other climates
Draught tolerant lawn alternative - Draught tolerant lawn alternative - which will save resources and money.
• More groundwater recharge
sea side daisy yarrow
All major types of industries — energy, agriculture, Looking at India, according to a recent presentation at the
manufacturing - are fully reliant on water for even Uttar Pradesh Electricity Regulatory Commission (UPERC),
the country has 16% of world population but only 4% of the
marginal operation. Potable water has been a scarce resource and environmentalists
total available fresh water. Ground water constitutes 38.5%
According to some estimates,it take 37 gallons of water to of the total water resource of the country. Major uses of are working day and night to save as much water they can. Many
grow, package, and ship enough coffee to make one cup. A Ground water in India are Irrigation (90% of all available water organizations are regularly putting their efforts to make products to
meets only 55% of the need), Drinking purposes/domestic save potable water. Waterless Urinal is one such product available
hamburger requires about 634 gallons to make it to your
consumption (5% meets 90% of need)and Industries (5% globally and has been mandatory to use in a number of countries.
stomach. But the most water-intensive industry of them all is
However, the technologies available so far were based on cartridge
energy. It can take up to 168 gallons of water to get one barrel meets 50% of the need).
or oil seal that has high operating costs and regular maintenance;
of oil from oil sands. And 800 gallons are required to generate thus the product has not been able to get much support. Now a
To elicit the governmental support and to bridge the policy
one megawatt-hour of electricity. According to another new technology has been invented that has no cartridges, chemical
gap between the water and energy sectors so that problems
estimate by US Geological Survey, electricity production requirements and has zero operating costs with no maintenance.
involving the interaction of the two sectors can be addressed
from fossil fuels and nuclear energy requires 190,000 million These urinals were used in Beijing Olympics and have been approved
and reform efforts can move forward, The Water Energy Emphasis should be laid on innovations for
gallons of water per day, accounting for 39% of all freshwater by the Beijing Olympics Authority for their successful operation.
Nexus Activity (WENEXA) has been initiated.It is designed to
withdrawals in the US, with 71% of that going to fossil-fuel • Treating and reusing non-potable process water in The product has advanced nano-coating to make it anti stain and
address seemingly intractable problems whose roots lie at anti bacterial; providing better hygiene to users and innovative
electricity generation alone. power production.
the intersection of these two sectors. flap technology to control the odor. In India the product was
So, we use a lot of water to produce energy, especially fossil • Accessing currently unused water sources, such as introduced by AG Aqua Solutions, a year back and has been tried
Under the aegis of initiatives like WENEXA, scientific and brackish aquifers.
fuel energy. And we use a lot of energy to produce water — and tested by different organizations so far. Municipal Corporation
technological innovations should be encouraged to focus on
for food, to treat water, to capture and treat waste water. • Reducing cooling water used by thermal electricity- of Delhi has already started installing these urinals for upcoming
minimizing the impact of energy production on water quality Common-Wealth Games to provide better civic amenities to visitors
generating power plants.
Another point of concern is that the world population is and availability and reducing the amount of energy required and general public.
expected to increase significantly while fresh water supplies for treating and distributing water. • Delivering water and energy more efficiently to
are not. The burgeoning global population's ever-increasing prevent losses and The product adopts several patent techniques. It works on the
• Minimizing water-related impacts from mining, energy principle of gravitational force and air pressure technology. The
need for fresh water is at odds with a warming world that is
production and use, and disposal of solid by products. nano silver is an anti bacterial glaze that doesn’t let urine to stay
already squeezing water availability in some regions. Climate
on the body and the patented trap technology has NRV (Non
variability could thus further add to the woes and impact Returning Valve) that opens with the urine flow and closes once its
Research should also be directed at reducing the energy
water supplies, quality, and energy demand. passed through Plastic Trap installed inside the steel case needs to
required to treat, pump, and distribute water, including
Since water and energy are so tightly bound together, the improvements in waste-water treatment processes and be replaced once in 5 years. It’s anti bacterial and anti fungal coating
relationship has been given a special name: the energy-water irrigation technology. Also, to combat the amount of water kills the pathogens and does not let infections spread. And due to
the Functional
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nexus. consumed by traditional power plants, utilities must turn
water, there Waterless
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to alternative technologies. According to the Wall Street
And energy industry must compete for water with agriculture, Journal,a wind turbine, for example, can save 200 to 600 Functional principle
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other industries as well as domestic use. According to the 2007 gallons of water compared with the amount required by a pull
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odor
report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, modern gas-fired power plant to make that same amount;
things will only get worse as current water-management solar arrays are also gaining momentum because their
practices are unlikely to quell demands. water needs are minimal.
But there is hope. There is slow, but nevertheless increasing, In short, Global Water supplies are at risk of
awareness building up on the interdependence of water- drying up as the climate warms, but mitigating
reliant systems and the need for balancing of the requirements climate change calls for shifting to less water Flap opens with flow the of urine Flap closes with gravitational pull and
of all users and development of technologies to reduce water stops the odorProperty ofPvt.AGLtd.Aqua Solutions Pvt. Ltd.
intensive alternative energy sources.
A Property of AG AquaASolutions