BTE3233/SEM I 1718

TUTORIAL CHAPTER 4 : AM MODULATION TRANSMISSION (ANSWER)

CALCULATION QUESTIONS (AM Modulation Fundamentals)

1. An AM wave has a peak modulation voltage, Vm of 1.5 V and a peak carrier voltage
Vc of 4.0 V. Compute the modulation index, m and percentage modulation index M.
V m 1.5
m   0.375 , M = 0.375 × 100% = 37.5%
Vc 4
2. An AM signal has the equation v(t) = [15 + 4 sin (44 x 103t)] sin (46.5 x 106 t) V
a. find the carrier frequency 7.4 MHz
b. find the frequency of the modulating signal 7 kHz
c. find the value of modulation index 0.27

3. For an envelope with +Vmax = 40 Vp, and +Vmin = 10 Vp, determine

a. The unmodulated carrier amplitude Vc = 25 Vp
b. The peak change in amplitude of the modulated wave Em = 15Vp
c. The modulation coefficient m = 0.6
d. The percent modulation M = 60%

4. For an unmodulated carrier amplitude Vc = 16 Vp and a modulation coefficient m =

0.4, determine the amplitudes of the carrier and side frequencies.
Vc = 16 Vp, Vusb = Vlsb = 3.2 Vp

5. For a modulation coefficient m = 0.2 and a peak carrier power Pc = 1000 W,

determine
a. The sideband power Psb = 20 W
b. The total transmit power 1020 W

6. Describe the meaning of the following expression

cos2 ( fc  f m )t   cos2 ( fc  f m )t 
mVc mVc
vam (t )  Vc sin( 2fct ) 
2 2

Carrier signal Upper side Lower side

(volts) frequency signal frequency signal
(volts) (volts)

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7. The radio station produced amplitude modulation wave as shown in figure below. The
value of load at antenna is 50 ohm.

Determine:

i. Equation for carrier signal

ii. Equation for information signal
iii. Equation for modulated signal
iv. Modulation index
v. Amplitude and frequency of upper side band
vi. Amplitude and frequency of lower side band
vii. Bandwidth for modulated signal
viii. Average power for modulated signal.

8. Given the equation of one signal AM is

   
V AM t   100 sin 2  10 4 t  20 sin 31416 t  50 sin 62832 t sin 2  10 4 t

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i. Sketch a frequency spectrum of information signal

ii. Sketch a frequency spectrum of AM signal
iii. Find a modulation index
iv. Determine the total power of sidebands

9. An input to a conventional AM modulator is a 600 kHz carrier with an amplitude of 15

Vp. The second input is a 12 kHz modulating signal that is of sufficient amplitude to
cause a change in the output wave of ± 8.5 Vp.

Determine
i. Upper and lower side frequencies. 612, 588 kHz

ii. Modulation coefficient and percent modulation. 0.567

iii. Peak amplitude of the modulated carrier and the upper and lower side
frequency voltages. 15 Vp, 4.25 Vp

iv. Maximum and minimum amplitudes of the envelope. 23.5, 6.5 Vp

v. Draw the output spectrum.

vi. Sketch the output envelope.

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10. From the equation v AM  8 sin 2f c t  3 cos 6251 .769t  3 cos (2010 )t , find:
a. Peak amplitude of the modulating signal Vm  6
b. Modulation coefficient and percent modulation
Vm 6
m   0.75
Vc 8
M  0.75 x100  75%
c. The upper and lower side frequencies voltages
1 1 1
Vusb  Vlsb  mVc  Vm  (6)  3V
2 2 2
d. The carrier frequency
fusb  1005Hz flsb  995Hz
1005 Hz  995 Hz
fc   1000 Hz
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e. The frequency of modulating signal
fusb  fc  fm  1005 Hz
fm  1005 Hz  1000 Hz  5Hz
f. Maximum and minimum amplitudes of the envelopes
V max  Vc  Vm  8  6  14V
V min  Vc  Vm  8  6  2V
g. Draw the output spectrum
8 Vp

3 Vp 3 Vp

f(Hz)
995 1000 1005

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h. Sketch the output waveform

14 V

2V Vmax
Vmin
0V

-2 V

-14 V

SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1. Define modulation.
2. Define amplitude modulation.
3. In an AM system, what is meant by the modulating signal, the modulated signal and
the modulated wave?
4. Describe an AM envelope. Why is it called an envelope?
5. What effect does modulation have on the amplitude of the carrier?
6. What does AM DSBFC stand for? Describe the relationship between carrier and
sideband powers in an AM DSBFC modulator.
7. What is the predominant disadvantage of AM DSB transmission?
8. What is the predominant advantage of AM DSB transmission?
9. Describe the difference between a low- and a high-level modulator.
10. List the advantages of low-level modulation and high-level modulation.