TOPIC: - economic impact assessment around flyover – a case

study of Surat city

Surat is the one of the most dynamic city of India with one of the fastest
growth rate due to immigration from various parts of Gujarat and other states
of India.

As there is no further scope for expansion of available physical infrastructure

within the walled city of Surat, it is the need of today to manage the
available resources and make potential use of it.

Surat city being the center of opportunities for laborers as well as investors
attracts large number of migrants from surrounding rural areas and lures
investors to invest in huge diamond and textile industries.

The network of roads in the city is incapable to accommodate the traffic

induced as a result of huge population growth rate. South zone of Surat has
more number of industries which develops a large need for transport facility,
which is presently served by shared auto-rickshaw and leads to very heavy
traffic and time consuming journey.

Each day scores of vehicles zoom past the glistening flyovers in the diamond
city, also known as the 'City of Flyovers'. What many commuters and
common people miss is the struggle for life that goes on under these flyovers.
Over the years, spaces under the flyovers - there are around 100 bridges in
the city

Success of a city predominantly depends on the efficient delivery of urban

services of which efficient transportation system can identify as the key
element. An adequate and efficient transport system is a pre-requisite for
sustainable economic development.

The main role of urban area is to make people's life healthy, successful, and
better. The opportunities and prosperous lifestyle attracts migration thus
urban area is a continuous growing pattern and their boundary
is expanding.

With the increasing urbanization the challenges faced is to deal with the
existing over population, future estimation of migrants coming in, the physical
and infrastructure issue and mainly with accessibility and

SHAH HARSH (SS-MURP2)

public transport. Even the economic development takes place at a greater
rate with the increment of CBD and other TOD. Accessibility plays major role
for any settlement.

Quality of transport to people and activities affects accessibility of particular

location. Introduction of high speed high capacity transport system would
result in increases demand for commercial and residential properties along
the project, that often increases land value.

Transport project provide benefits and ease of life to the society. Transport
projects have directs benefits like reduced travel time as well as indirect
benefits like land value increase.

What is Flyover?

It is a structure which joints two or more points which are separated by an

accessible route’s or a manmade structure to cut the traffic for faster
mode of travelling. They are usually made over road junctions, roads,
streets, etc. The name itself suggests that you are flying over a traffic
zone. They are usually built for road vehicles.

To reduce traffic congestion at an at-grade intersection near a big city, one

method is construction a flyover bridge at the old junction in two directions
on one of the main highways.

The flyover facilitates the traffic flow in the directions of the bridge, but the
infrastructure cannot fully solve all of the problems especially on the
secondary road.

The impact of the flyover construction to curb traffic congestion problem has
been assessed in terms of traffic decongestion, time saving and fuel saving. It
was found that about 35% of the total traffic is diverted to the flyover, which
results in a reduction of about 32% in the total emission generation. It is the
time saving technique by travelling on the flyover.

Research questions:-

What is the impact of flyover on the spatial and economic development?

SHAH HARSH (SS-MURP2)

Aim:-

Aim to assess the impact of flyover on land value, land use and economic
development around the area of flyover.

Objectives:

To evaluate the spatial changes which look after the construction /

implementation of flyover.

To evaluate the economic changes which look after the construction/

implementation of flyover.

To analysis, the eastern and western part of Surat and to perceive the pattern
in which changes take place.

Spatial impact:-

Transport infrastructures changes land use , effect travel behaviour and the
distribution of activity locations in the affected area. They therefore influence
local and regional level development.

There is an impact on local development potential because building

transport infrastructure:

Need land (urban areas or natural landscapes) , leads to fragmentation of

specific urban and natural areas, causes emissions and harms flora and
fauna. This again can impact the development of residential and recreation
zones, as well as urban development.

On the other side , it may also provide stimulus for growth ,such as the
redevelopment of railway station areas, the expansion of logistics hubs and
the linking of service locations and workplaces.

At the regional level , investment in the infrastructure often promotes the

creation of infrastructure corridors, the spatial concentration of workplaces.
There may be functional fragmentation of land use like such as the shift of
service locations. There may be further centralisation or decentralisation of
activities.

Each of the effects have its own timeframe. The impact may also differ in
intensity over time – increasing , decreasing or remaining constant.

SHAH HARSH (SS-MURP2)

Spatial impact includes the urban landforms, building typology , and building
heights of any area. Impact on any given settlement varies on its geographic
location , type of area , time based area, different income level. Most factors
only apply to subset of total travel , such as local commuters . density tends
to receive the greatest attention , although alone its travel impact are less.
Density is usually associated with other factors (regional accessibility , ,mix
transport system diversity , parking management) that together have large
travel impact .

Impacts can be single parameter analysis such as mix zoning use , density or
an accessibility.

“That is to say the economic impact resulting from transport improvement on

land development is capitalized into higher land value , reflected by
property value uplift . Therefore, the impacts of transport improvement on
land development are likely to have at least two types: property value uplift
and accelerated development of land use”. (Nelson,2010)

Land use mix impact

Land use mix refers to locating different types of land uses such as residential ,
commercial , institutional , recreational . etc. also along with typology even ,
the height of the building places an important role such as retails with
complexes ground floor retails , offices , and mix use typology along roads
and internal streets and within neighbourhoods. These indicators also include
price range on basis of different demographic factors, income class and
mixing housing types such mixing in cities.

Economic impact:

Most economic impact analyses fall into one of two categories – predictive
(exalted) or evaluative (ex post). Predictive economic impact analysis is used
to forecast the likely economic impacts of a proposed transit investment.
Impact analyses conducted as part of Major Investment Studies (MISs) and
Environmental Impact Studies (EISs) are predictive. Most practitioners are
interested in conducting predictive analysis to evaluate the potential
economic impact of one or more alternative transit investments.

Evaluative economic impact analysis is used to gauge the effects of a transit

investment after it has been implemented. Evaluative studies typically involve
examining economic conditions (variously defined) before and after
completion of the transit investments, and in many cases have yielded useful

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insights into the roles that transit has played in stimulating economic growth
and development. Such analyses also provide useful inputs for improving
future predictive analyses.

In addition, most economic impact analyses involve either modal

comparisons or no-project comparisons. Modal comparisons analyse the
relative impacts of an investment in, for example, light rail transit compared
to a comparable investment in alternative modes, such as highway
improvements, a bus system, or high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) facilities.

For no-project Comparisons, practitioners are often asked to measure their

region's economic performance with and without the transit investment. This
comparison assumes that the alternative (or base case) to the construction
and operation of a new or larger transit system is no additional investment.
This type of analysis – if properly undertaken – measures the net economic
benefits of using local revenue sources to fund public transit.

Such local sources usually include taxes (i.e., sales, fuel, property, etc.) or fees
(i.e., vehicle registration, development impact, bridge tolls, etc.) and
represent a transfer from the private sector to the public sector. No-project
comparisons are intended to demonstrate the net impact of transit on
regional economic growth.(economic impact analysis of transit investment:
guidebook for practitioners,2014)

The case study of Dhaka city, Bangladesh (Abu taleb and shamsuzzaman
majumder, IACSIT, IJET, volume 4, no1 feb2012)

In case of Dhaka city of Bangladesh, the impact of flyover was studied on the
affected people in adjacent area. This research is done by Abu taleb and
shamsuzzaman majumder. In this research, total two flyover were taken for
analysis. Mohakhali flyover 2. Khilgaon flyover. Their main objectives for study,
what amount of loss for the landowner and businessmen by flyover. Second
objective is present land use pattern of the areas. And change of avg
monthly income of the businessmen on the adjacent areas. To meet this
objectives they have collected through intensive survey by questionnaires.
Two types of questionnaires were prepared for collecting data from
businessmen and landowners. The main focus was on the negative impact
due to flyover. Negative impacts like, loss of land, displacement of
population and loss of cohesion. A great effect on the economic activities.
Damage to private and public property and increase in noise and air
pollution on the adjacent area.

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Impact of the flyovers in informal sector at road junction

This paper is mainly concern about the social and economic activity at the
road junction. As they have survey the whole under the flyover at Nagpur
railway station. There are so many issues on the social and economic
activities happen on the cross junction and under the flyover. It is server the
opportunity to earn live hood to those people who works and have shops
near by the cross junction and under the flyover . They found that flyover
came at any cross junction it generate so much issue like the migration and
rehabilitation of shopkeepers street venders and dwellers also. Because of
construction of the flyover at cross junction it affects social and economic
activity for short time.it is also not safe for those people who are using space
as shelter for sleeping propose in night time . Pollution also is the problem
under the flyover.

Government can do better planning for those people , by making design to

use this space in safe manner and helps to developed social and
economical activities like, storage , parking, public spaces , or market places.

Expected outcome of this study:-

By study any one or two flyover in city. To measure the impact of flyover
survey were conduct around the flyover. The survey result can be negative or
positive impact of different aspects of impacts. From the result we can give
model framework as per th negative or positive impact on the surrounded
area. This model frame work can use for the future development of transport
infrastructure.

SHAH HARSH (SS-MURP2)