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The specification shall indicate whether power tools or hand tools are to be used for cleaning, grinding, or both.
a) for preheat, the methods, minimum temperature at the start of the weld, and minimum ambient temperature below
which preheat is required shall be specified;
b) for PWHT, the methods, minimum and maximum temperature, time at temperature, and temperature control
methods for PWHT shall be specified.
The composition of the shielding gas and the range of flow rates shall be designated.
The range for speed of travel, in in. (mm) per minute, shall be specified for each pass.
If forced cooling is to be used, the specification shall designate the type of cooling after welding, such as forced
cooling with water, as well as the maximum metal temperature at which forced cooling is applied.
A welding procedure shall be reestablished as a new welding procedure specification and shall be completely
requalified when any of the essential variables listed in 5.4.2 are changed. Changes other than those given in 5.4.2
may be made in the procedure without the need for requalification, provided the welding procedure specification is
revised to show the changes.
A change from the welding process or method of application established in the welding procedure specification (see
5.3.2.1) constitutes an essential variable.
A change in base material constitutes an essential variable. When welding materials of two separate material groups,
the procedure for the higher strength group shall be used. For the purposes of this standard, all materials shall be
grouped as follows.
a) SMYS less than or equal to that of the material specified as API 5L Grade X42;
14 API STANDARD 1104
b) SMYS greater than that of the material specified as API 5L Grade X42 but less than that of the material specified
as API 5L Grade X65;
c) for materials with a SMYS greater than or equal to that of the material specified as API 5L Grade X65, each grade
shall receive a separate qualification test.
NOTE 1 The groupings specified in 5.4.2.2 do not imply that base materials or filler metals of different analyses within a group
may be indiscriminately substituted for a material that was used in the qualification test without consideration of the compatibility of
the base materials and filler metals from the standpoint of metallurgical and mechanical properties and requirements for preheat
and PWHT.
NOTE 2 When base material with multiple grade markings is being used, the company designates, before using the material, the
selected single grade to be used.
A major change in joint design (e.g. from V groove to U groove) constitutes an essential variable. Minor changes in
the angle of bevel or the land of the welding groove are not essential variables.
5.4.2.4 Position
A change in position from roll to fixed, or vice versa, constitutes an essential variable.
A change from one specified wall thickness range to another constitutes an essential variable. Examples of
suggested groupings are shown in 6.2.2 e).
a) a change from one filler metal group to another (see Table 1);
b) for Groups 1 through 3 in Table 1, any change in suffix designator except within the group consisting of:
— no suffix designator,
— -1,
— A1,
— M,
— P1, or P2;
NOTE For example, a change in suffix designator from A1 to B3, or vice versa, constitutes an essential variable. A change
from A1 to C3, or vice versa, does not constitute an essential variable.
c) for any filler metals with a G suffix designator only, a change in the manufacturer or trade name;
WELDING OF PIPELINES AND RELATED FACILITIES 15
d) for materials with a SMYS greater than or equal to that of the material specified as API 5L Grade X65, any change
in the AWS classification of the filler metal (see 5.4.2.2).
NOTE Except as indicated items in b) and c) above, changes in filler metal within filler metal groups may be made within the
material groups specified in 5.4.2.2, items a) and b).
The compatibility of the base material and the filler metal should be considered from the standpoint of mechanical
properties.
A change from direct current (DC) electrode positive to DC electrode negative, or vice versa, or a change in current
from DC to alternating current (AC), or vice versa, constitutes an essential variable.
An increase in the maximum time between completion of the root bead and the start of the second bead constitutes
an essential variable.
A change in the direction of welding from vertical downhill to vertical uphill, or vice versa, constitutes an essential
variable.
A change from one shielding gas to another or from one mixture of gases to another constitutes an essential variable.
An increase or decrease in the range of flow rates for the shielding gas greater than 20 % of the nominal flow rate
also constitutes an essential variable.
Refer to Table 1, Footnote a, for changes in shielding flux that constitute essential variables.
5.4.2.13 Preheat
5.4.2.14 PWHT
The addition of PWHT or a change from the ranges or values specified in the procedure each constitutes an essential
variable.