Now Let’s Read Student’s Book  pp.

116, 117
MP3 15 ACD q 15

Improving Your
Memory with Food
1

Y ou probably think you’re still young and have a pretty good memory. But could you make your
memory even better simply by eating different kinds of foods? A brain-boosting diet can not
only help you stay alert while studying for tests, but it can also increase your brainpower over time.

There are a few golden rules about eating in
5 general. First, always eat breakfast. Your brain
needs food to work properly. People who eat
breakfast remember more and react quicker
throughout the day. Also, try your best to make
it a balanced breakfast rather than simply
10 grabbing a donut on your way out the door.
Second, don’t pig out at lunchtime! A lunch
of more than 1,000 calories will probably
make you sleepy an hour later. Instead of
eating a double cheeseburger with bacon and
15 fries, you might want to try a lighter, more
balanced meal.
Third, eat plenty of fruit and vegetables.
They contain many of the special vitamins
and minerals needed to keep your brain
20 working smoothly. There has to be a reason
why moms are always telling their kids to eat
more vegetables.
Fourth, iron-rich foods such as lean
meats, beans, and cereals are essential for
25 improving your concentration. Eating foods
high in vitamin C will help your body absorb
iron. So, make sure to pick up some kiwis,
oranges, and grapefruits the next time you’re
out.

218
 Looking for some other foods that will nourish your brain and strengthen your memory?
Here are a few:

Soybeans Red Foods

Soybeans have a chemical that helps your Red foods can help you improve your
brain make new nerve connections. Drinking memory by increasing blood circulation and
soy milk or eating tofu can help your memory body temperature. Foods in this group include
and increase your brainpower. watermelon, tomatoes, cherries, strawberries,
and raspberries.
Oily Fish
Experts say cherries can
Oily fish like salmon and sardines contain help reduce the risk of
heart disease, diabetes,
omega-3 fatty acids. High levels of these will and some forms of cancer.
Cherries also contain
boost learning power and even improve your melatonin, which can
mood. No wonder so many people love eating prevent memory loss and
delay the aging process.
fish.

Oily fish will help to develop and
maintain your memory because it is
high in omega-3 fatty acids. These
cannot be made by the body. You
must get them from your food.
Coffee
Coffee can give your brain a kick in the
morning, but don’t drink too much. High
levels of caffeine will have the opposite effect.
You don’t want to be sleepy when taking your
test and then be kept awake all night.

A good diet, combined with lots of rest and daily exercise, will improve your memory and keep
your brain working at its best.

219
 Chinese Translation

用食物增進記憶力

　　你可能覺得自己還年輕，記憶力很好。但可以單靠吃不同種類的食物來更加提升記憶力嗎？增

強腦力的飲食不僅能幫你在準備考試時保持警覺，長期下來還可以增進智力。

　　整體而言有一些飲食的黃金定律。首先，一定要吃早餐。你的大腦需要食物來正常運轉。吃早
餐的人能記得住比較多事情，一整天的反應也會比較快。儘量吃均衡的早餐，不要在出門時隨便抓
個甜甜圈來代替。

　　第二，午餐不要吃過量！午餐熱量超過一千卡可能會讓你在一小時後昏昏欲睡。避免吃雙層起
士培根漢堡和薯條，你可以改吃些較清爽、營養均衡的食物。

　　第三，要吃大量的水果和蔬菜，其富含讓你的頭腦正常運作所必需的多種特殊維他命和礦物
質。媽媽們總是要她們的小孩多吃點蔬菜是有原因的。

　　第四，鐵質含量高的食物如瘦肉、豆類和麥片等，是增進注意力的必需品。而吃富含維他命 C 的
食物則可以幫助你的身體吸收鐵質。所以，下次你出門採買時，務必買些奇異果、橘子和葡萄柚。

　　你在找其他可以讓你頭好壯壯、增強記憶力的食物嗎？這裡有一些：
大豆
　　大豆含有一種化學物質可以幫助你的大腦產生新的神經連結。喝豆漿或吃豆腐有助於增進記憶
力、加強腦力。

油脂多的魚類
　　像鮭魚和沙丁魚等油脂多的魚類含有奧米加三脂肪酸。含量高的奧米加三脂肪酸可以提升學習
能力，甚至可以讓心情變好。難怪有這麼多人喜歡吃魚。

紅色食物
　　藉由促進血液循環和提高體溫，紅色食物能夠幫助你增強記憶力。這類食物包含西瓜、蕃茄、
櫻桃、草莓和覆盆子。

咖啡
　　咖啡能在一早幫你醒腦，但是不要喝過量。大量的咖啡因會造成反效果，你不會想在考試時昏
昏欲睡，然後整晚又徹夜難眠吧。

　　健康的飲食，加上充足的休息和每天運動，將有助增進你的記憶力，讓你的腦力隨時保持在最
佳的狀態。

220 Teacher’s Guide

Key Vocabulary and Phrases
q boost v. to increase or improve something synonyms enhance, stimulate, elevate
• James needs coffee in the morning to boost his energy.

Extension Another Usage of Boost

n. a thing that improves something
• The vitamin boost made the drink especially healthy.

w alert adj. particularly aware or conscious

• The alert mice watched the cat from their hiding place.

Extension v. to warn or make others aware of something

• The sign alerted us to danger.
n. a warning
• The government warned people about the storm with a public alert over the
radio and television.

e brainpower n. the ability to think

• The hard math problem could only be solved by lots of brainpower.

Extension Another Usage of Brainpower

n. a group of very intelligent people
• The tech company is trying to recruit new brainpower.

r properly adv. working in the right way synonyms correctly, appropriately

• A car needs regular oil changes to work properly.

Extension proper adj. correct or suitable

• You should learn the proper way to order food at a restaurant. Otherwise,
people will think you are rude.

t balanced adj. not being in any extreme

• The tea was served at a perfectly balanced temperature, neither too hot nor too cold.

Extension balance
n. a state of having equal weight on both sides
• Her sense of balance allowed her to walk across the tightrope without falling.
n. a state in which opposite influences are in equal or correct amounts
• It was difficult for Jeremy to find a balance between his job and his studies.
v. to keep something from falling
• The seal balanced the ball on its nose.
v. to make equal to something else in importance, amount, value, or effect
• The mayor must balance the needs of the citizens with the reality of the budget.

Teacher’s Guide 221

 y grab v. to take suddenly
• She grabbed the door to keep it from shutting.

Extension Word Usage

Grab refers to taking or holding something quickly, while grasp and grip refer to
holding something tightly. Grasp can also be used to mean “understand,” while
grip, in its noun form, can be used to mean “self-control.”
• I grabbed my keys before running out the door.
• She grasped / gripped the bar and began to do pull-ups.
• Dan, our new vice president, really grasps the company’s long-term potential.
• Get a grip! You shouldn’t get angry so easily.

u pig out to eat without holding back

• When Jack found out the food was free, he filled up his plate and pigged out.

Extension Different Words and Phrases that Mean Eat

feast (to eat with great enjoyment), snack (to eat light food between meals), savor
(to fully enjoy the taste or smell of something), devour / wolf down / gobble down
(to eat something very quickly)

i smoothly adv. working without problems; in a confident and pleasant way

• The car ran smoothly and did not break down.
• Whenever Ron meets a pretty girl, he speaks smoothly.

Extension smooth
adj. not rough or bumpy
• Cheryl has smooth skin. She says it’s because she uses a special soap.
adj. happening or operating without any problems
• He was able to make a smooth switch to the new cell phone company.
adj. with no sudden movements or changes of direction
• Our bike ride was very smooth because we rode on a bike path, not on a
mountain trail.
adj. soft and pleasant to the ear
• There was smooth music playing at the restaurant.
v. to make something flat
• The construction workers smoothed the surface of the road.
v. to deal with a problem to make it easier to do something
• The companies need to smooth out some disagreements before signing the contract.

o essential adj. necessary and important; n. something necessary

synonyms crucial, vital

222 Teacher’s Guide

 • Wheels are an essential part of a bicycle.
• Exercise and nutritious food are essentials for a healthy life.

Extension essence n. the most significant quality of a thing or person

• For some people, meeting locals is the essence of travel.

a absorb v. to digest or take in

• The sponge absorbed the spilled water.

Extension absorption n. the act of taking in

• The paper towels, which were good at absorption, soaked up all the water.

s strengthen v. to make better

• Jason hopes to strengthen his heart by eating vegetables and exercising.

Extension strength n.
physical power
• I don’t have the strength to move this motorcycle out of the way. Can you help me?
determination
• Becoming a great actor takes a lot of inner strength.
a useful quality or ability
• Math is one my biggest strengths. I always get high scores on tests.

d circulation n. movement through a system, as in blood through the body

• His hands and feet were cold due to poor circulation.

Extension Other Usages of Circulation

n. the spread of something to a wider area
• The circulation of fake money is a big problem in some countries.
n. the number of the copies of newspapers or magazines sold
• The Rancho Times has a circulation of 60,000.
circulate v.
to move around or to make something move around
• Turn the fan on to circulate the air in this room.
to spread to more people or to a wider area
• Rumors are circulating about the divorce of the famous couple.

f opposite adj. completely different from something else

• He is sailing toward the sun, while she is traveling in the opposite direction away from it.

Extension prep. directly across from

• The bank is across the street, opposite this store.

Teacher’s Guide 223

 n. someone or something that is completely different from another person or thing
• Jane always disagreed with Bill, believing the opposite of his beliefs.
adv. in the position across from
• Hannah sat across from Betsy while Joel sat opposite Anna.

g awake adj. conscious, not asleep; v. to stop sleeping

• He is no longer sleeping, but is awake.
• She awoke from her nap.
Note Awake, awaken, and wake are verbs that are synonyms. They all have to do with rising from
sleep, but awake and awaken are slightly old-fashioned. “He awoke from sleep,” and “He
awakened from sleep,” are both correct and mean the same thing. Wake is a more common
word usually paired with the word up, as in “He woke up from sleep,” or “He woke her up.”

224 Teacher’s Guide

 After We Read Student’s Book  p. 118

ANSWER KEY
A. Complete the Sentences
Use the correct form of the words from the article to fill in the blanks.
1. The vitamins and minerals in fruit and vegetables are needed in order to keep your brain working
smoothly.
2. If you want to nourish your brain and strengthen your memory, try eating soybeans, oily fish,
and red foods.
3. A(n) chemical in soy milk and tofu helps your brain make new nerve connections.
4. By increasing blood circulation and body temperature, red foods can help you improve your
brainpower.
5. In order to keep your brain working at its best, you need a good diet, combined with daily exercise
and plenty of rest.

B. Memorable Meals
Decide which meal options will improve your brainpower. Support your choice by circling the items that
provide this boost.

Breakfast Lunch
 a A bowl of cereal
with blueberries and
a 12” BBQ beef sandwich
Taco salad
strawberries
Two orders of French fries
A glass of soy milk
A diet coke
A cup of coffee

b Three chocolate
donuts
 b A bowl of tofu soup
A plate of broccoli
Two scrambled eggs
A smoked salmon bagel
A cup of coffee
A glass of orange juice

C. True, False, or Unknown

Check T if the statement is true, F if false, or U if unknown.
1. T  F  U  The right diet can keep you alert while studying for tests.
2. T  F  U  Your body will absorb more iron if you consume a lot of vitamin C.
3. T  F  U  A heavier, less balanced lunch will prevent you from being sleepy in the afternoon.
4. T  F  U  People who eat breakfast are slower to react during the day.
5. T  F  U  One benefit of red foods is that they can increase your blood flow.
6. T  F  U  Omega-4 fatty acids can be found in salmon and sardines.
7. T  F  U  Always having breakfast is one of the golden rules of eating.
8. T  F  U  Eating fruit and vegetables can ensure that you get more than 15 necessary
vitamins and minerals.

225
 Student’s Book  p. 119
D. Paraphrase
ANSWER KEY

Read the sentence and rewrite it using the clue words given.
1. A brain-boosting diet can not only help you stay alert, but it can also increase your brainpower
over time.
Paraphrase: give more energy, attention, gradually, intelligent
ª A diet that gives your brain more energy not only helps you pay attention, but it can also
gradually make you more intelligent.

2. Try your best to make it a balanced breakfast rather than simply grabbing a donut on your way
out the door.
Paraphrase: effort, nutritious, instead of, on the run
ª Make an effort to eat a nutritious breakfast instead of eating a donut on the run.

3. Iron-rich foods such as lean meats, beans, and cereals are essential for improving your concentration.
Paraphrase: lots of, including, important, focus
ª Foods with lots of iron, including lean meats, beans, and cereals, are important for helping you
focus more.

4. Eating foods high in vitamin C will help your body absorb iron.
Paraphrase: full of, take in
ª Eating foods full of vitamin C will help your body take in more iron.

5. Coffee can give your brain a kick in the morning, but don’t drink too much.
Paraphrase: jump-start, moderation
ª Coffee can jump-start your brain in the morning, but drink in moderation.

E. Multiple Choice
Circle the answer.

1. What is the article mainly about? 2. What do foods that are high in iron help to
improve?
a. The types of fish that have omega-3 fatty
acids a. Height
b. How to lose weight by eating healthier b. Focus
foods c. Strength
c. Foods that can help you remember more d. Flexibility
d. How to remain healthy without exercising

3. If you have a feast for lunch, what will likely
happen?
a. You will react quicker for the rest of the day.
b. You will have trouble sleeping at night.
c. You will have better blood circulation.
d. You will feel sleepy soon afterwards.
4. What is NOT mentioned as an effect of
consuming omega-3 fatty acids?
a. They help your learning ability.
b. They help you exercise for longer.
c. They improve your mood.
d. They maintain your memory.

5. Besides a good diet, what else do you need in order to improve your memory?
a. Adequate sleep and regular exercise b. Happiness and a variety of vitamins
c. Herbal medicine and enough rest d. Cheeseburgers and plenty of coffee

226
Photocopiable Worksheet
Complete the Passage
Use the correct form of the words given to fill in the blanks.

caffeine intellectual reverse benefit daily mood

vitamin opposite chemical boost level fatty

Looking to kick your brain into high gear? Then when you visit a grocery store, search for
foods that will help your mind work at its best. First, get some blueberries, which are known to
1. ______________ memory. The berries contain a(n) 2. ______________ that helps you remember
things better.

3. ______________ has also been shown to strengthen memory. In tests done on the brains of
older women, caffeine improved 4. ______________ skills. Women who drank more than three
cups of coffee 5. ______________ scored higher than those who drank just one.

There are many other foods that help your memory. Take apples. They have high
6. ______________ of a chemical that has been proven to prevent Alzheimer’s disease. Fish,
especially the kind that is rich in certain oils, are another example. They can help reduce
memory loss. These 7. ______________ fish include sardines and salmon. Onions, spinach, and
whole-grain cereal also can prevent or even 8. ______________ memory loss.

Another tip is to keep a bowl of nuts around the house. The 9. ______________ in these can
lift your 10. ______________ in addition to keeping your mind sharp. If you’re thirsty, try some
red wine. But be careful — drinking too much can have the 11. ______________ effect.

Eating a variety of these foods will surely be of 12. ______________ to your ability to
remember things. Don’t forget to put a few of them on your shopping list.

This page may be photocopied and distributed to students.

227
 120
ANSWER KEY
Reading Strategy Student’s Book  p.

Listing Things in Order

In-Depth Writers list things when providing instructions or recounting a series of events. When
Study instructions are being given, writers usually include sequence words in imperative sentences.
Common Sequence Words and Phrases:

first second also last

first of all next another finally

to begin with then several to finish

to start off afterward(s) additionally as a final step

Give It a Try
PART I Match the two parts and put the instructions in order.

Baking Biscuits

2 Second, heat the oven to 450 degrees Fahrenheit.

4 Finally, stir the ingredients until a soft dough forms
and cut the dough into small pieces.
1 To start off, add baking soda, butter, and milk to the
biscuit mix.
3 Then, place the pieces on a cookie sheet and bake
eight to ten minutes or until golden brown.

PART II Fill in the blanks.

What to Do during an Earthquake

An earthquake can occur at any time, so you should remember the following steps
in order to keep safe. 1. , you must realize that the most important thing is to
remain calm. 2. , drop down to the ground. 3. , find a desk or table to hide under if
possible. 4. , cover your neck and head with your arms. 5. , try to drag any nearby
children or pets under the table.

1. a. In conclusion b. To begin with c. Later on d. Thirdly

2. a. First b. Lastly c. Finally d. Second
3. a. Before b. In the end c. Then d. Continuously
4. a. Afterwards b. In the future c. To start d. At the outset
5. a. Fourth b. Finally c. Initially d. Additionally

228
Photocopiable Worksheet
Listing Things in Order
A. Complete the Passage
Use the words in the box to fill in the blanks.

once until at last first then

Emperor penguins go to great lengths in order to mate. 1. ___________, they have to get to
their mating grounds, which is about 60 miles away from the sea, where they live most of
the year. 2. ___________ they get to the right place, they mate and the female lays one egg.
She 3. ___________ gives it to the father and returns to the ocean to get some food. The male
takes care of the egg while the female is gone, keeping it warm 4. ___________ the female
gets back. After about four months, the chick hatches and the female returns to care for it.
5. ___________, the male gets to go find some food itself.

B. Put in Order
Match the two parts.

the wine is ready to be shipped and consumed by

First,
the wine drinker.

the grapes become ripe and are picked around

To start the process,
late August or early September.

the wine is poured into 60-gallon barrels for

Then,
aging.

the yeast digests the sugar in the juice, creating

At this time,
alcohol in the mixture.

During the aging, the wine is moved into bottles to age a bit longer.

the grapes are crushed, and the grape juice is put

Finally,
into fermenting tanks with some yeast.

This page may be photocopied and distributed to students.

229
 121
ANSWER KEY
Grammar for Reading Student’s Book  p.

A. Confusing Phrases
Rather than is similar in meaning to instead of. It’s most common to pair would rather with
instead of. Would prefer to is commonly used with rather than or instead of.
1. rather than

Rather than is usually found in parallel structures that have the same importance.
For Example:
● I would like to go to the baseball game rather than school.

● I like it when our Spanish teacher makes our classes challenging rather than easy.
2. instead of
Instead of suggests that one person, thing, or action replaces another. In most cases, the
phrase is followed by a noun or an –ing verb.
For Example:
● Instead of doing the laundry like my mother told me to, I would rather go shopping.
● I would prefer to have French toast instead of my usual two fried eggs.

B. Making Suggestions
Written suggestions are slightly different than those in conversation. It’s usually acceptable to be
more direct when making suggestions in writing. Sentence patterns with the words or phrases
consider, suggest, try your best, you might want to, and advise are more polite.

Give It a Try
PART I Use the correct form of the words given to fill in the blanks.

chew buy have smoke play give

1. Rather than playing soccer, I signed up for the basketball team.

2. My doctor would rather I chewed gum instead of smoking cigarettes.
3. I’m trying to improve my memory, so I would prefer to have soy milk rather than regular
milk with my cereal.
4. Sean would rather his friends gave him money on Christmas instead of buying presents for
him.

PART II Choose the correct verb form.

1. Consider consult / consulting a lawyer before starting your own business.
2. We suggest practice / practicing with our software every day in order to improve your English
ability.
3. Try your best to show up / showing up ten minutes early to an interview.
4. Make sure checking / to check with your teacher before leaving class early.
5. You might want to take / taking a look at some of this data.
6. I advised Mark to apply / applying some sunscreen before he went to the beach yesterday.

230
Photocopiable Worksheet
Showing Preferences and Making Suggestions
Cloze Test
Choose the answer.

A common belief is that drinking alcohol kills brain cells. But 1. look further into this
topic. Research has shown that it isn’t that simple. Beer, wine, or whisky itself doesn’t
actually kill any brain cells. 2. damaging brain cells themselves, alcohol creates neuron
damage, which causes the brain to have trouble working. Data indicates that most of this
harm can be healed. If you’re an alcoholic, however, you had better 3. if you want to
save your brain. Heavy drinking can result in memory issues, confusion, and a lack of
muscle coordination. But 4. the alcohol itself being the problem, the damage actually
comes from a lack of a certain B vitamin caused by drinking alcohol. On the other hand,
there are experts out there who 5. drinking. Some medical researchers advise people
6. some alcohol because they say it leads to better thinking skills and memory than not
drinking at all. So, 7. changing your opinion about alcohol. Don’t think of alcohol itself
as damaging to the brain. It’s the amount of it that matters. 8. to drink in moderation.

1. a. you shouldn’t b. you might want to c. you definitely will d. you used to
2. a. While b. Instead c. Likewise d. Rather than
3. a. cut back b. to cut back c. cutting back d. to cutting back
4. a. therefore b. instead of c. similar to d. in the end
5. a. suggest b. require c. ban d. desire
6. a. have drunk b. drank c. drinking d. to drink
7. a. think b. make c. consider d. recommend
8. a. Try your best b. Go for it c. Consider it d. Live it up

This page may be photocopied and distributed to students.

231