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multiply to numbers
multiply 2 numbers close to 100,1000,10000,etc
Step 1) First, we multiply the offsets 2 and 3
We get 6.
Since our base is 100, which has 2 zeros, the product of offsets must also have 2 digits.
Hence we write 6 as 06 and write it down as last 2 digits of our answer.
98 -2
97 3
-------------------------
06
Step 2) Now for the previous digits, just add any 2 numbers in the above figure crosswise
i.e. either (98-3) or (97-2)
We get 95. This is written before 06 as follows: -
98 -2
97 3
---------------------------
95 / 06
888 -112
998 -002
---------------------------
886 / 224
Here, the base is 1000 i.e. offsets are differences from 1000
squaring of 20s
1.Square the last digit (keep the carry) _ _ X
2.Multiply the last digit by 4, add the carry _ X _
3.The first digit will be 4 plus the carry: X _ _
Example:
If the number to be squared is 24:
if number is 29
1. 9*9 =81 _ _ 1
2. 4*9 = 36, 36 + 8 = 44 _ 41
3. 4+4 =8 841
so answer is 29*29=841
__________________
squaring of 30s
1.Square the last digit (keep the carry) _ _ _ X
2.Multiply the last digit by 6, add the carry _ _ X _
3.The first digits will be 9 plus the carry: X X _ _
Example:
If the number to be squared is 34:
LET digit be XY
1. square the last digit i.e. Y
2. multiply the last digit with 2X plus carry
3. add (square of X) plus carry
25 * 35
in this case when ever the unit digit is same (5) and the tens digits are continous (2, 3) the
product will always end in 75 and the fukk would be the square of the higher number (3)
-1 .. complicated dont worry .. so the answer here is 875 --- 3^2-1=8
45*55 = 2475
75*85= 6375
25 * 35
in this case when ever the unit digit is same (5) and the tens digits are continous (2, 3) the
product will always end in 75 and the fukk would be the square of the higher number (3)
-1 .. complicated dont worry .. so the answer here is 875 --- 3^2-1=8
45*55 = 2475
75*85= 6375
Method for multiplying numbers where the first figures are the same and the last
figures add up to 10.
32 x 38 = 1216
ANOTHER EEXAMPLE
And 81 x 89 = 7209
8*9=72
1*9=09
SO ANSWER IS 7209
__________________
26 x 11 = 286
Notice that the outer figures in 286 are the 26
being multiplied.
And the middle figure is just 2 and 6 added up
77 x 11 = 847
This involves a carry figure because 7 + 7 = 14
we get 77 x 11 = 7(1)47 = 847.
23 / 9 = 2 remainder 5
The first figure of 23 is 2, and this is the answer.
The remainder is just 2 and 3 added up!
43 / 9 = 4 remainder 7
The first figure 4 is the answer
and 4 + 3 = 7 is the remainder - could it be easier?
134 / 9 = 14 remainder 8
The answer consists of 1,4 and 8.
1 is just the first figure of 134.
4 is the total of the first two figures 1+ 3 = 4,
and 8 is the total of all three figures 1+ 3 + 4 = 8
e.g
96X96
100-96 = 4
4X4 = 16
4X2 = 8
100-8 = 92
96X96 = 9216
106X106
100+6 = 106
6X6 = 36
6X2 = 12
100+12 = 112
106X106 = 11236
88X88
12X12 = 144 -- 1 carry
100- 24 = 76
76+1 77
88X88 = 7744
number close to 50
method:
1. Find how much more or less is the number from 50
2. Square that number(difference)
3. Double that difference and subtract/add it from 50
4. Half the previous result
46X46
50-46 = 4
4X4 =16
4X2=8
50-8 = 42
42/2 = 21
46X46 = 2116
58X58
50+8 = 58
8X8 = 64
8X2 = 16
50+16 = 66
66/2 = 33
58X58 = 3364
the same method can be generalized for 200 , 300 --------------1000
Percentage shortcuts
Example:
Example:
Example:
Example:
So 45% of 52 = 23.4.
Just as an example to multiply 237 by 143, i will use the diagonal method but i also apply a short cut.
(23)7
X(14)3
(23 x 3) + (14 X 7) + 2(carry) = 169 so 16(9) the tens digit is 9 and carry is 16
so answer is 33891
__________________
so answer is 14161
e.g. 145^2
a) 145+45=190
b) 45*45= 2025
c) 190+20=210
21025
e.g. 106*106
a) 106+06=112
b) 06*06=36
c) 112+0=112
answer is 11236
Ex1. 25^2
Ex2. 67^2
Squares
25 : Multiply the first digit with the immediate digit (3 in this case) and then append 25.
= 2*3 & 25
=625
In case u need to calculate squares of the 50 series.. I mean 51,52,53 .. and so on..
Just square 5, add the last digit to it , write that down at the left.
Next take the right most digit sqaure it and append it to the answer..
Just to make things clearer.. let's take 57.
5 square = 25, adding 7 to it we get 32.
taking 7 and squaring it we get 49 and hence the answer 3249..
when we are asked to calculate the area when the lengths and
breadth are given in two units for e.g feets & inches.
Then going by conventional rules we first convert the units in one
unit. Calculate the area & then again convert back to the two units
(if required).
Let us consider an example :-
Calculate the area of wooden piece with a length 5ft 6in and breadth
4ft 3m & express the answer in sq.ft & sq.inches.
Soln :- Going by the conventional rules we would first convert either
feet into inches or convert back to the required conditions.
But instead of doing this, vedic maths suggest a simple way of
doing this
(1) Express the length & breadth into simultaneous equation & perform
the multiplication
ie 5ft 6in ---- 5x + 6y
4ft 3in ---- 4x + 3y
20x² + 39 xy + 18 y²
(2) Split the middle term ie xy term, such that one part is a factor of 12 (since 1ft = 12
inches)
(3 × 12) xy + 3xy = 39xy.
(3) Consider the term (3 × 12) xy. Add this 3 to the x² term. The
square feet term becomes
20 + 3 = 23 sq.ft
(4) The remaining term 3xy multiply it by 12 (since 1ft = 12 inches)
& add this to the coefficient of
y2 ie 3 × 12 + 18 = 54
This will be the sq. inches term.
for 51-60
----> first add unit digit to the 25. than make a square of unit digit.
51*51
for 41-50
here the process is quiet different
first subtract unit digit from 10 and then whatever is result (1-9); subtract
from 25 and make it square.
for 41*41
first 10-1=9
-------> 25-9=16 & square of 9=81
so answer is |------->1681 <-----|
ans 2401.
First
Cross out the last digit. The remaining is known as the truncated number. From the
truncated number subtract 5 times the crossed out digit. The resulting number if it is a
multiple of 17, then the original number is also divisible by 17. If the result is again more
than 2 digits, repeat the procedure.
Second
Cross out the last 2 digits. Then the no. of hundreds should be multiplied by 2 . From this
subtract the crossed out number. Find the answer. If it is 2 digit, stop and do the
verification. Otherwise repeat the procedure.
eg.
Consider 209865. First let us do by method 1.
Cross out 5. Truncated number is 20986. Then 20986 - (5*5) = 20961.
Repeat. 2096 - (1*5) = 2091
209 - (1*5) = 204
20 - (4*5) = 0. The number 209865 is divisible by 17.
Coming to second method,
2098*2 -65 = 4196 - 65 = 4131.
41 *2 -31 = 82 - 31 = 51. Since 51 is multiple of 17, original number is divisble by 17.
Coming to basics :
In multiplication,
For example take 13 * 18
This can be written as 13 = 10 + 3
18 = 10 + 8. Keeping 10 as the base and both the given numbers are greater than 10.
The result will be 21*10 + (3* Here 21 is obtained as either 13 +8 or 18+3.
Hence the answer is 234.
The same logic can be extended to any multiplication and this method is known as
multiplication using a reference number.
Also for checking the product without repeating the multiplication, we can use one
method known as castling out 9. This is nothing but finding the remainder for any given
number when you divide by 9. Here u dont have to do the division. Just u add the digitd
which form the original number. This will give u the answer.
Just have a check.
57 = 5+7 = 12 = 1+2 = 3 and 46 = 4+6 = 10 = 1+0 = 1.
Since we multiply 57 x 46 = 3 x 1 = 3. Check with the answer 2622 = 2+6+2+2 = 12 =
1+2 =3. Hence the product is right. This can be used for any multiplication / division or
any method.
consider 987*817
read and add the numbers as seventy two hundred, 6 hundred forty and fifty six..write
only the sum on the paper and add two zeroes..(add 7200,640 and 56 in mind)
next,
789600
9870
next, 7% of 987 would be 69.09.. multiply this with hundred and write it on the paper(or
else 700% of 987)
789600
9870
6909
add all three no and the sum you get would be the product
as 806379
Just for example consider 706^2 = 49 84 36. Just writing them with spaces just to
understand that easily.
we know (a+b)^2 = a^2 + 2 *a*b + b^2.
Just applied in the above case and the symbols are dropped.
(70 ^2 = 7^2 2*7*6 6^2 = 49 84 36.
I shall tell how to multiply two numbers which have 1 in their units digit>>>>
Step 1
Step 2
The second digit can be acquired by adding the two numbers
(excluding the units digit i.e 1)
Step 3
Ex:
__1
2) The second digit is obtained by adding the two numbers excluding the units digit i.e 1
There fore the second digit of the result is 2+3 = 5
_51
3) The Last digit is obtained by multiplyin the two numbers in the question >>> i.e 2 & 3
651
See i shall provid eyou with a different scenario about the problem i.e, 1/7 or 7/49 that
you have posted some time ago>>>>>>>
Lets say 1/7= 0.142857 and this string 142857 it repeats i.e 142857 bar......
and 2/7 =0.285714 Notice that this string is similar to the previous one but only some
digits are shifted >>>> You can recognize this easily by trying to divide 2 by 7 manually
>>>> 7 doesn't divide 2 therefore you put a point (.) and add a zero so that it becomes 20
and then divide it by 7 20 goes in 7 2 times >>>> So the first digit after the decimal is 2
and you can without any doubt write the next digits as 85714>>>> And this pattern
repeats>>>>>>
In pretty much the same way you can find it for 3/7 = 0.428571
These are the complete set of listings. Notice that the numbers as such are not changing
but their positions are being shifted>>>> Its easy if you can recognize the first digit of
the division and rest all you can write them down as per the sequence (i.e 142857)
1/7 = 0.142857
2/7 = 0.285714
3/7 = 0.428571
4/7 = 0.571428
5/7 = 0.714285
6/7 = 1.857142
7/7 = 1
it works for other numbers as well....for prime numbers...but the reverse is not true.
squaring of 30s
step 1 ones' place)square the digit at the ones' place, keep the carry.
step 2 tens' place)multiply the two digits. multiply the product obtained by 2. keep the
carry.
step 3:square the first and add the carry.
example: 32*32=_ _ _ _
step 1: 2*2=4, carry=0 ans=_ _ _ 4.
step 2: 3*2*2=12 ans=_ _ 2 4, carry=1
step 3:3*3=9+1(carry)=10
ans=1024
i start from the right most digit and bring down 1... Now consider the two rightmost digits
- 1 & 2 (the 1st pair) add them -> 3 and write it to the left of 1
Similarily consider the 2nd last and the 3rd last digits,, i.e. 3 & 2 (next pair)
Their total is 5 . Write it besides 3
Taking the next pair of 7 ans 3... u get 10. So write 0 and carry 1. This 1 should be added
to the next sum obtained....
Following like this u exhaust all the pairs (u reach till 5 & 6). Next u consider 5 and 0
(0567321) and write its sum and if u have any carry.... add to it...
Similarily, try for any number. The technique holds good for any number of any
length.....
Multiplication by 12:
I hope the above method for multiplication by 11 must have been pretty clear.
Now for multipying by 12, all we need to do is to multiply the left-side digit by 2 before
adding it to the right-side digit. The method is similiar to that of the above except for the
multiplication part.
Next take 3 and multiply it by 2. You get 6 and add it to the right-side digit 2
i.e
(3 2)
|^
V|
X+
2= 6
Take the next two digit, i.e. 6 and 3 and repeat the same. You will notice, u get a carry
here, when u multiply 6 with 2 and add 3. Keep the carry and add it to the next pair 5 & 6
p.s. remember that 45632 should actually be read as 045632 and hence the operation must
be applied to the last pair, i.e. 0 and 4.
• To generalize this method ,if u know the suqare of a particular no say 100
squared,and u want to find out the value of the suqare of the nos. near 100 for e.g.
101^2=100^2+100+101=10201(which is 101 squared and from simple addition u
can generate a series of soqares from therein.The same funda applies to numbers
lesser than the base no,in this case 100-let's find out the square of 99=
easy Methods for Division..divisor -1 digit , 2 digit , 3 digit , Decimals, Fractions etc...
now we'll divide 88\14 as we put the decimal point first ,so 6 is the
quotient n 4 is the remainder ,we'll write 6 after the decimal n 4 is
written below 6
8.8\14=0.6 3 3 0
.........4 4 1 13
our next gross number is 46(the 4 frm below n the 6 frm above),we
divide this 46 frm 14,we get 3 as quotient n 4 as remainder which we
will again write below the qoutient ie 3
now our next number is 43 ie the 4 we got as remainder n the 3 we got
as quoitent n again divide it by 14
this time our quotient is again 3 n our remainder 1 thus giving us the
number 13 which is less than 14 thus quotient is 0 n remainder 13 n it
will continue like wise
..it is shown above the answer is 0.6330...u can calculate further upto
any digit n check in ur calculator the answer is absolutely correct this
will help u lot in di...u can practise with denominators taking
189,149,129,169,179,etc but u should have learnt ur tables upto 20 for
this....
fermat theorem
is ,as written below
...............N to the power of p-1 and which is subtracted frm 1(sorry
couldn't put it in a mathematical way as don't know the sign of power)
this is always divisible by p,if p is co-prime (having no common factor)
to N
now comes the application of this theorem ,so as follows:
eg 1:6 to the power of 11-1 which is subtracted frm 1 will always be
divisible by 11 ,as 6=N,p=11 and p ie 6 is co-prime to N ie 11
eg 2:2 to the power of 4 is always divisible frm 5 as 4 can be written as
5-1 so here,N=2,p=5
hope u have understood the applicability of fermat's theorem through
the examples as these type of questions can be asked ...
with 9: -
placed 0 in right side of the number, then subtract the actual number
with this. for example -
2345 * 9 = ?
step 1 - place 0 at right - 23450
step 2 - Subtract actual number - 2345
-----------
21105
with - 11: -
ex: - 4987 * 11 = ?
step 1 - place 0 at left of the digit. like 04987 in our case.
step 2- multiply the right most digits of both number i.e. (7* 1) if carry
comes then carry over it for the next term .
04987
11
--------
54857
step 3- now add the ten digit number with unit digit number (8+7=15)
write 5 and carry over 1.
step 4 - now add hundred digit number with ten digit number (9+8=17
+1 (carry over from previous step)= 1
with 12 : -
it is similar to the method used for 11.
only difference is in this we have to multiply with 2 then add with the
previous digit .
for example :- 4987 * 12 = ?
04987 step 1 - placed 0 in left most.
12
----------------
59844 step2 - 7*2 = 14 , write 4 and carry over 1
step3 - 8*2+ 7=23 + 1 = 24 , write 4 and carry over 2.
step 4- 9*2 +8 = 26, + 2=28. write 8 , 2 carry over.
step5 - 4*2+9=17+2=19, write 9 and carry on 1
step6 - 0*2 + 4 =4+1=5
Hopefully, the matter wouldn't have been posted... If it has been, please excuse!
Suppose i want to find out 26.5% of 32. The easiest method would be to find 25% first
i.e. 1/4th = 8
Next calculate 1% and then 0.5% .... 1% is 3.2 and 0.5% is 1.6
Find out 32.78% of 567....... 1/3rd or 33.33% is 189 and u need to subtract about 0.55%
to get the required answer.
1% is 5.7 and 0.5% will be 2.9 . So 189-2.9 =186.1 which is very near to the exact
answer 185.86
This way u can find out the approx answer and choose the correct option.
calculate thesquare using the shortcuts discussed in the above posts and then multiply the
square with the number using the shortcuts for multiplication.
I am still to come acrosa direct method for cubes. will post as soon as it.
It really becomes very easy. e.g. if u wanna find cube of 47
By shortcut, 47^2 is 2209, now multiply 2209 and 47 using the shhort cut, u will get the
answer as 103823
or
Well all u need is (a+b)^3 = a^3 + 3a^2.b + 3a.b^2 + b^3 order is imp guys.
In a 100m race A beats B by 10m and B beats C by 20 m. By how much does A beat
C?
One might normally go abt solvin this using S=UT formula and stuff which is
always and always good. But once u do more nd more of similar probs u shld b able
to comeup with better ways of solvin questions in QA.
say 41^2,
10-1=09,
09^2 = 81 ----(ii)
(The Tankster would want you to note that he has subtracted the number in the units
place [of 41] from 10 and squared the result in the next step)
15+8=23 ----(i)
10-8=02
02^2 = 04---(ii)
(b) Subtract the units place with 10 and square the number thus found.
to square three digit numbers from 100 - 199 with relative ease...
say, 112^2
Step one,
112
+ 12
--------
124_ _
[The Tankster commands you to add 112 and 12 ie. the digits in the units and tens place
to the given three digit number as shown above. He also tell you to leave two blanks
AFTER your answer.]
112
+ 12
--------
124_ _
+0014 4 = 12^2
--------
12544
=====
[ The Tankster again, commands you to square the two digits in the tens and ones place,
and then add to your previous answer as shown: The two 4s in the blanks, and the 1
added to the 4 above it]
The Tankster asks you to notice the psychedelic patterns emerging... wooooo......
137^2
I.
137
+ 37
-----------
174_ _
-----------
II.
137
+ 37
----------
174_ _
+ 136 9 =37^2
-----------
18769
=======
1. When someone gives you any positive number, you should immediately 'write' that
number in scientific notation in your head.
2. Next, focus only on the exponent of the number (written in scientific notation). This
number will be the basis of you answer.
3. Estimate the logarithm of the abscissa in your head (thats the number between 1 and
9.999999..., not part of the exponent). Note: you'll need to memorize the table below (its
not that hard).
4. Add the logarithm of the abscissa to the exponent you found in step 2.
What follows are the values for the logs you'll need to have memorized for step 3...
log[1]= 0
log[2]= .30
log[3]= .48
log[4]= .60
log[5]= .70
log[6]= .78
log[7]= .85
log[8]= .90
log[9]= .95
As an example, lets find the logarithm of 29,012. Written in scientific notation, that
would be 2.9012 X 10^4. So, the exponent is 4. Now, we need to concentrate on the
abscissa (2.9012 is very very close to 3). From our table above (which we have
memorized for the trick), the logarithm of 3 is 0.48. So, we add the exponent (4), to the
log of the abscissa (0.4 , to get a value of 4.48. A calculator reveals how good this
method is (4.46 out to two decimal places).
log[2] = 0.30103
log[3] = 0.47712
log[4] = log[2] + log[2]
log[5] = 1 - log[2]
log[6] = log[2] + log[3]
log[7] = 0.84510
log[8] = log[2] + log[2] + log[2]
log[9] = log[3] + log[3]
learn factorials till 11 by mugging…
memorize the following...
4! = 24
5! = 120
6! = 720
7! = 5,040
8! = 40,320
9! = 3,62,880
10! = 36,28,800
11! = 3,99,16,800
12! = 4,79,001,600
236 x 11 = 2596
Similarly,
567 x 11 = 6237
By carrying over,
The Tankster would like to point out that reading the above solution from RIGHT TO
LEFT would be more helpful, disciples, plus it pays more to actually write this down and
PRACTICE.
107 * 109
a) 9+7=16 [ That's adding the last two digits ie. 07 + 09 of both numbers]
b) 9*7= 63 [ That's multiplying the last two digits]
now write, 1 16 63
Similarly,
115 * 124
a) 15+24= 39
b) 15*24=360 [ By using the quick multiplication method]
= 1 42 60
f ye shall ever come across division like 3199/157, then use the method that the Tankster
does...
you may find it difficult to compute 18% of 25. Instead, try solving for 25% of 18.
25% is just half of half of any number. Half of 18 is 9, and half of 9 is 4.5.
try now
With this just by seeing the nos you can calculate and try practising
Cube roots
Next memorize the "endings" of the cubes. For example, the ending of 93 is 9, because
93 = 729. The "ending" (or last digit) is 9.
So let's make a list. "1 cubed ends in 1" is abbreviated "1 --> 1".
1 --> 1
2 --> 8
3 --> 7
4 --> 4
5 --> 5
6 --> 6
7 --> 3
8 --> 2
9 --> 9
These are easily memorized. 1 and 9 (at the extremes) are "self-enders", as are the 4, 5,
and 6 (in the center). The others involve "a sum of 10": 2 ends in 8, 8 ends in 2, 3 ends in
7, and 7 ends in 3.
To instantly determine his original number (ie, compute the cube root), follow these easy
steps:
1. Drop the last three digits and find the largest cube contained in 438. This is 73 =
343, so the tens-digit is 7.
(This is why you had to memorize the cubes of the digits 1 through 9)
2. Now go back to the last three digits. Look at the last digit, 6. That's the same
ending as 63, so your units-digit is 6.
(This is why you had to memorize the "endings" of the cubes for digits 1 through
9)
Eg:
1) 98783 * 12
Multiply only with 2 starting from the unit's digit place. Keep adding the carry and the
next immediate number.
Here, 2*3 = 6 (This is the last digit in the answer) ---> No carry ==> _ _ _ _ ... 6
Next, 2*8=16; +3 (adding the next immediate no.)= 19 ---> Write '9' before the previous
answer '6' and '1' is carry ===> _ _ _ _ .... 96
Then, 2*7=14; +1(carry)=15; +8(next no.)= 23 ---> 2-carry, write 3 down ==> _ _ ..396
And so on..
=> 2*8=16+2+7=25 --> carry 2, write down 5 ==> _ _ _... 5396
=> 2*9=18+2+8= 28 --> carry 2, write down 8 ==> _ _ _...85396
Now,there's no number left and carry was 2 in the previous case:
=> we just need to add '2' to the next immediate no. => 9 (Just assume the last digit is 0
=> 2*0=0+2+9= 11) ====> 1185396
Therefore 98783 * 12 =1185396
This looks tedious but if u just practice for a few no.'s, u may find it easy. Also, this is
just for 12, so u may say its easy. Sometimes, we find it difficult for greater no.'s viz; 16,
18, 19 etc.
For ex:
438769524 * 19 :
=> 9*4 = 36 ===> 3 carry, _ _ _ _ ..... 6
=> 9*2=18+3+4 = 25 ===> 2 carry, _ _ _ _ .... 56
=> 9*5=45+2+2= 49 ===> 4 carry, _ _ _ _ ... 956
=> 9*9=81+4+5= 90 ===> 9 carry, _ _ _ _ ...0956
=> 9*6=54+9+9= 72 ===> 7 carry, _ _ _ _ ...20956
=> 9*7= 63+7+6=76 ===> 7 carry, _ _ _ _ ...620956
=> 9*8=72+7+7= 86===> 8 carry, _ _ _ _ ...6620956
=> 9*3= 27+8+8= 43===> 4 carry, _ _ _ ... 36620956
=> 9*4= 36+4+3= 43 ===> 4 carry, _ _ _ ... 336620956
=> 9*0=0+4+4=8 ================> 8336620956