LEARNING
Sensory: lasts for seconds
- associated with change in behavior
from experience
Classical conditioning
- ivan pavlov dog experiment
Learning through association
Dog: bell + meat powder = salivate
Extinction:
removal of learned response
Spontaneous recovery: RELAPSE.
learning again the learned response
Systematic Desensitization: subtle
removal of fear/gradual exposure to
feared object
Implosive therapy:
sudden exposure
Practical examples
- Fears
- Phobia (irrational fears)
Operant Conditioning
- BF Skinner, rats experiment
- learning thru reinforcement
- Strengthen the occurrence of
desired behavior
- Rewards: material things,
recognition
Instrumental Conditioning
- Learning thru rewards and
punishment
- Extincts when rewards are not
satisfying anymore
Reinforcements
- positive: giving a rewaard
- Negative: taking away bad
Punishment
- positive: add bad stimuli
- Negative: remove pleasant
Law of Effect
- Edward Thorn, experiment on cat
- When experience is
rewarding/satisfying, we repeat
- When not rewarding, we avoid it
MEMORY
- record, store, retrieve
- like a computer
3 stages
1.
Charles Spearman two factor
2. Short term/working: couple of G-factor - general intelligence
minutes. Sensitive to interference. S-factor - specific intelligence
3. Long term: limitless, lifetime
⁃Explicit - declarative Robert Sternberg
----episodic Triarchic Theory
⁃ ----semantic 1. Analytic Intelligence
⁃Implicit - Procedural 2. Practical Intelligence
3. Creative Intelligence
Why we forget
- retrieval failure, law of disuse Emotional Quotient
- Memory decay, aging Baron
- Interference : retro/proactive 1. Interpersonal Skills
- Motivated forgetting : 2. Intrapersonal Skills
repression/suppression 3. Adaptability
- Cue dependent forgetting: 4. Stress Management
memory appear to be available nut 5. General Mood
not accessible
Ways to measure memory Self Efficacy
1. Recall - verbatim - belief in one’s self given
2. Recognition realistic expectations
3. Relearning How to build self efficacy
1. Verbal persuasion
INTELLIGENCE 2. Improving physical/emotional
- state
3. Social modelling
IQ Changes
Mentally Challenged
- Disuse
individuals
- Aging
- scores less than 70/80
- Change of interest
- Drug use 1. Moron - 50-70, regular class
- Lack of sleep 2. Imbecile- 20-50, trainable
3. Idiot - 0-20, dependent
Deep vs Shallow Learning
Etiology
How to deep learn? 1. Prenatal - xray, illness,
1. Write to memorize infection
2. Ask questions 2. Natal - lack of O2 in brain
3. Make cognitive maps 3. Post natal - deprived
4. Collaborative learning environment, childhood
5. Go beyond academic diseases and poisoning
requirements
MOTIVATION
Louis Thurnstones - intervening variable, that
7 primary abilities arouses, directs and sustains
behavior
1. word fluency
2. verbal comprehension 1. Hypothetical construct - can
3. spatial visualization change
4. number facility 2. Not the only factor
5. associative memory determining behavior - bc
6. reasoning behavior is complex
7. perceptual speed 3. Selective and Directional
4. Leads to persistent behavior

Activation Arousal Theory
- we must maintain a level of
arousal from various activities
(work)
Psychoanalytic Theory
- we are driven by unconscious
forces like sex and aggression
Humanistic Theory
- we are motivated by the
ultimate need: self
actualization accd to Maslow
- Physiological
- Safety
- Love and belonging
- ego
Esteem
- Self Actualization
Social Learning Theory
- we are driven by lessons from
our and other’s past experiences
Motivation Concepts
1. Interest
2. Values - things important
3. Attitudes - opinions
- Productive
Karen Horney
- Compliant - towards people
- Aggressive - against people
- Detached - away from people
- Welladjusted - uses all three
Approaches
1. Traits approach
2. Psychoanalytic
- Shaped by unconscious
(sex/aggression) and past
experiences
- Id, ego, superego
- Defense mechanisms are
because of conflict of id vs
3. Behavioristic
- Behavior is conditioned by
the environment
4. Humanistic
- Man is good, but shaped by
the environment
5. Asian
- Collectivist vs independent
- Based on religion

2 types of Motivation
1. Intrinsic - self motivated
2. Extrinsic - rewards motivated

Locus of Control
1. Internal - attribute to self
2. External - attribute to fate

PERSONALITY
- totality of individual
- enduring/long-lasting
- Determined by nature/nurture

Carl Jung
Introvertion
Extraversion

Erich Fromm
- Receptive
- Exploitative
- Hoarding
- Marketing