Huawei ERAN12.1 - Workshop

SRAN 11.
1
eRAN12.1 Workshop
Madrid- Mar 2017
Vodafone – Huawei SRAN12.1 Workshop
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

eRAN12.1
Agenda eRAN12.1 General Overview
Deep Dive Selected Features
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 2

Agenda
1 GENERAL OVERVIEW
eRAN12.1

4.5G New Era
4.5G as MBB Foundation 4.5G Evolution goes for 5G
Massive
MIMO
Giga 3D 3D
Basic Beamforming Coordination
Performa CA
nce
MBB
Foundation
Go Vertical
CIoT LiTRA
WTTx VoLTE
CloudAIR
Cloudif
ication
Video Cloud RAN Cloud Air
4
eRAN12.1 Address the challenges
Go Giga Go Vertical Go Cloudification
Evolution
• 3D Beamforming • NB-IoT • Cloud Air

4.5G
 Density area : capacity +100%  Massive Connections: 72K/cell

 LTE flexible bandwidth
• 3D Coordination  Module Battery Life: 10 Years
 Intra-band: Cell Edge User THP +30%  Wide Coverage: GSM +20dB
 Inter-band: DL Cell THP +20% • LiTRA

 Inter-RAT: LAA  IOPS: reliable & smart PTT
• •
Foundation
VoLTE as basic service WTTx/MBB one network

• Massive MIMO
 Coverage: L1800 = G900  Reserved resource for MBB
MBB
• CA everywhere  Quality: CD Level voice
 IPRAN UL 2CC/DL 5CC  Reliability: No Drop • Basic performance

 1588V2 ATR • HD video everywhere  Downlink throughput: ↑10%
 Direct IPsec
 Coverage: Video = Voice  Uplink throughput: ↑15%
5
eRAN12.1 Promotes 4.5G to be MBB Foundation
MBB Network
Massive VoLTE HD Video Massive CA WTTx High THP

MIMO as basic enjoyed CA WBB/MBB as basic
service everywhere everywhere one Network performance
6
4.5G Evolution, eRAN12.1 Goes for 5G
4.5G Evolution
From 4.5G to 5G
Go Giga Go Vertical Go Cloud

CloudAIR
Hotspot Cell Edge CIoT LiTRA
3D 3D Flexible
PSM IOPS Coordination
Beamforming Coordination Bandwidth
7
CA Evolution
Intra-site Downlink CA Intra-site Uplink CA
• DL 5CC CA • UL 2CC CA
• Flexible CA
Fast CA
Everywhere CA
Flexible CA
• IPRAN DL 5CC • IPRAN UL 2CC CA
• 1588V2 ATR and Direct X2
• IPRAN DL 3CC
Inter-site IPRAN DL CA Inter-site IPRAN UL CA
8
VoLTE plus Ensure VoLTE as Basic Service
VoLTE
1 Coverage 2 Quality 3 Reliability

L1800 = G900 CD Music Level No Drop
• VoLTE Coverage Enhancement • EVS Rate Control • VoLTE User Prior Access
Based on Extended Delay Budget • SRI Code Channel Allocation • VoLTE Smartphone Compatibility
• eTTIB Optimization • Uplink Call Mute Recovery
• VoLTE Rate Control • UL Compensation Scheduling
• TTI Bundling • VoLTE Handover Optimization
• Robust Head Compression • Voice Characteristic Awareness
• RLC Segmentation Enhancement Scheduling
• VoLTE CoMP
9
Video Plus Enable HD Video Everywhere
Video
1 Coverage 2 Initial Buffering 3 Speed

Video = Voice “0” Waiting “0” Stalling
• Video TTI Bundling • WTCP • Video Load Balance
• Video ACK IPRAN CoMP • Video Service Rate Adaption
• Video TCP Saving
• UDC
10
Basic Throughput Improvement based on Big Data
Downlink Cell Avg Uplink Cell Avg Uplink Cell Edge User
+10% +15% +30%
• eRAN12.1 Downlink • eRAN12.1 Uplink • Turbo Receiver

Performance Improvement Performance Improvement
11
eRAN12.1 Main Feature Overview
4.5G as MBB foundation
Field Solution Feature Description Benefits
4T4R eMIMO phase2 Improved 4x2 MIMO vs 2x2 MIMO THP gain to 50%
Supporting IPRAN UL 2CC/5CC Extend the UL CA area to 90%
CA 1588 V2 Advanced Time Recover Simplify time synchronization
Gbps Direct IPsec Reduce time delay
PAMC improves basic UL THP Improve uplink throughput by 15%
Basic
Precise MCS improves basic DL THP Improve downlink throughput by 10%
Improvement
Turbo Receiver Improve cell edge uplink throughput by 30%
VoLTE Coverage Enhancement Based on
Extend VoLTE coverage by 1~2dB
Extended Delay Budget
VoLTE Plus eTTIB Extend VoLTE coverage by 0.5dB

Experience EVS Rate Control CD Level voice quality, MOS +0.5, Coverage +1dB
4.0
VoLTE prior Access Reduce VoLTE call setup time by 30%
Uplink Coverage Improvement for Video Extend video coverage by 1~2dB
Video
Initial Acceleration Reduce the video initial buffering time by 5%~10%
WBB Specified Policy Management Enable WBB & MBB source allocation separately
Connection + WTTx
WTTx Uplink Data Compression Improve DL THP by 5%~10%, UL THP by 30%~60%
12
eRAN12.1 Main Feature Overview
4.5G Evolution
Field Solution Feature Description Benefits

Massive MIMO
3D Beamforming DL user throughput gain improved by 50~100%
Lite
Uplink Interference Cancellation UL user throughput gain of cell edge users 5~20%.
Uplink Coordinated Scheduling UL user perceived throughput improved by 5~30%

Go Giga
3D Coordination NAICS DL user throughput gain of cell edge users 10%.
With DPS and JT, edge user throughput increased
Downlink CoMP
40%
Multi-band Isomerism and fast carrier
Improve cell downlink user THP by 20%
selection
Go Vertical LiTRA IOPS Improve the reliability of PTT System
Support GL flexible bandwidth allocation, maximize

Go Cloudification Cloud Air LTE Flexible Bandwidth
spectrum utilization.
13
eRAN12.1
Agenda eRAN12.1 General Overview
Deep Dive Selected Features

Agenda eRAN12.1 LTE Selected features
LOFD-120204 VoLTE Coverage Enhancement Based on Extended Delay Budget New
2.1
LOFD-120205 Uplink Coverage Improvement for Video New
LOFD-120202 Intra-eNodeB & Inter-eNodeB Uplink Interference Cancellation New
LBFD-121102 eRAN12.1 Introduction Package New
LOFD-121214 VoLTE Coverage-based CSFB New
LOFD-120201 Turbo Receiver New
LOFD-121212 eNodeB Supporting 1588v2 ATR New
LOFD-121213 Direct IPsec New
LOFD-002015 RACH Optimization Enh.
LAOFD-080201 Inter-eNodeB CA based on Relaxed backhaul Enh.
LEOFD-121202 EVS Rate Control New
LEOFD-110301 DL 256QAM Enh.

LOFD-120204 VoLTE Coverage Enhancement Based on Extended Delay Budget
Description PDCP PDCP Discard Timer
eNodeB Reordering timer

RLC
RLC maximum segment number
maxHARQ-Tx
MAC
Server cell Server cell
TBS Optimization
 eNB sets optimized PDCP, RLC, and HARQ parameters,

 The eNodeB forecasts the data volume to be scheduled by VoLTE and selects the optimal MCS and RB
combination
 Target: To reduce the packet loss probability due to PDCP discard timer timeout and to improve the
voice quality of users under weak coverage in the uplink

1 QCI1 bearer setup or RRC reconfiguration message for UEs entering TTI Bundling
RRC Connection Reconfiguration Complete
SR VoLTE user
2 UL Grant
3 QCI1 bearer release or RRC reconfiguration message for UEs exiting TTI Bundling
RRC Connection Reconfiguration Complete
 When QCI1 is setup.

 If UE is in the weak coverage areas, the feature takes effect.
 According to the data size of the Buffer, the eNodeB will optimize the uplink TBS in each scheduling time to reduce
the packets discarded by PDCP discard timer.
 When QCI1 releases or UE is in the good coverage areas, the feature no longer takes effect.

Parameter Value When QCI 1 Bearers Are Set Up Value After QCI 1 Bearers Are
Deleted
PDCP-layer discard timer MAX(150ms, RlcPdcpParaGroup.DiscardTimer
RlcPdcpParaGroup.DiscardTimer)
Maximum transmission times of 8 CellUlschAlgo.UlHarqMaxTxNum
HARQs in the uplink (in the non-TTI
bundling state)
Maximum transmission times of MAX(N24, CellUlschAlgo.TtiBundlingHarqMa
HARQs in the uplink (in the TTI CellUlschAlgo.TtiBundlingHarqMaxTxNu xTxNum
bundling state) m)
eNodeB-specific timer for reordering at The values of these two parameters vary RlcPdcpParaGroup.ENodeBAmRe
the receiver in AM for each bearer depending on the value of the orderingTimer
UlHarqMaxTxNum parameter. For details,
eNodeB-specific timer for reordering at see tables in next page RlcPdcpParaGroup.ENodeBUmRe
the receiver in UM for each bearer orderingTimer

Value of the eNodeB-specific timer for reordering at the receiver in AM/UM for each bearer in
the non-TTI bundling state
Maximum Number of Uplink HARQ Transmission Length of the eNodeB-specific Timer for Reordering
Times at the Receiver in AM/UM for Each Bearer
8 60 ms
Value of the eNodeB-specific timer for reordering at the receiver in AM/UM for each bearer in
the TTI bundling state
Maximum Number of Uplink HARQ Transmission Length of the eNodeB-specific Timer for Reordering
Times at the Receiver in AM/UM for Each Bearer
N24 80 ms
N28 95 ms

Feature Dependencies
Prerequisite Features
• Uplink RLC segmentation enhancement
Mutually Exclusive Feature
• None
Impacted Features
• LOFD-001048 TTI Bundling: It is recommended that VoLTE Coverage Enhancement Based on Extended Delay Budget be
enabled with TTI Bundling so that the uplink coverage improves for users in the TTI bundling state.
HW Dependencies
• None

Network Impact
System Capacity
If the uplink channel quality becomes poor, VoLTE services will consume more PDCCH CCEs and PRBs.
With the increase in the number of VoLTE users, the traffic volume and throughput of data services may
slightly decrease.

Network Impact
Network performance
The Uu-interface transmission delay for voice packets increases.

The Uu-interface uplink packet loss rate of voice packets decreases by a maximum of 25% if the
proportion of VoLTE users exceeds 5%, the proportion of uplink low-index MCSs on the PUSCH exceeds
20%, and users are evenly distributed.
The uplink coverage of VoLTE users increases by 0.5 dB to 2.5 dB when no interference exists in the
uplink and the downlink RSRP is less than -124 dBm.
If the uplink channel quality becomes poor, VoLTE services may consume more RB resources.

When to use
Same type of scenarios as for TTI bundling

 Sites with a great number of voice users
 Weak coverage occurs in the uplink
 High uplink packet loss rate
 Cells with a high packet loss rate of VoLTE-service users at the cell edge
 Cells with strong uplink interference
VoLTE services are enabled in the uplink in weak coverage areas, such as rural, suburban, and indoor
areas
The uplink coverage is limited due to interference.

Parameters
Parameters Description
The UlVoipCrosslayerOptSwitch option specifies whether to enable the
CellUlschAlgo.UlEnhencedVoipSchSw VoLTECoverage EnhancementBased on Extended Delay
Budget feature.
This parameter specifies whether to enable the uplink RLC segmentation
enhancement function for VoLTE services on UEs not in the TTI bundling state
and specifies the maximum number of uplink RLC segments.
If this parameter is set to a non-zero value X, the uplink RLC segmentation
CellUlschAlgo.UlVoipRlcMaxSegNum enhancement feature is enabled and a maximum of X RLC segments can be
used for VoIP services in uplink dynamic scheduling when a UE exits the TTI
bundling state.
When the UlVoipCrosslayer-OptSwitch option is selected, set this parameter to
23. Otherwise, set this parameter to 20.
This parameter specifies the maximum number of uplink RLC segments for UEs in
CellUlschAlgo.TtiBundlingRlcMaxSegNum the TTI bundling state. When the UlVoipCrosslayer-OptSwitch option is
selected, set this parameter to 5. Otherwise, set this parameter to 4.

Activation
//Switching on the feature
MOD CELLULSCHALGO:LOCALCELLID=0,ULENHENCEDVOIPSCHSW=UlVoipCrosslayerOptSwitch-1,UlVoip RlcMaxSegNum=23;
Activation Observation
Trace the RRC_CONN_RECFG message with QCI1 bearer on the Uu interface. Check in the RRC_CONN_RECFG
message whether the:
 drb-ToAddModList > pdcp-Config > discardTimer
 mac-MainConfig > ul-SCH-Config > maxHARQ-Tx
field is set to the value recommended by Deep Coverage Improvement for VoLTE.

Performance Monitoring
Uplink average packet loss rate in a cell = L.Traffic.UL.PktLoss.Loss.QCI.1/L.Traffic.UL.PktLoss.Tot.QCI.1
Uplink average packet loss rate of CEUs in a cell = L.Traffic.UL.BorderUE.PktLoss.Loss.QCI.1/
L.Traffic.UL.BorderUE.PktLoss.Tot.QCI.1
The voice quality will improve:
• L.Voice.VQI.UL.Excellent.Times(L.Voice.VQI.AMRWB.UL.Excellent.Times)
• L.Voice.VQI.UL.Good.Times(L.Voice.VQI.AMRWB.UL.Good.Times)
• L.Voice.VQI.UL.Accept.Times(L.Voice.VQI.AMRWB.UL.Accept.Times)
• L.Voice.VQI.UL.Poor.Times(L.Voice.VQI.AMRWB.UL.Poor.Times)
• L.Voice.VQI.UL.Bad.Times(L.Voice.VQI.AMRWB.UL.Bad.Times)
The poor and the bad VQI ratio will be reduced for VoLTE users in poor coverage areas.

2.1

LOFD-120205 Uplink Coverage Improvement for Video
CEU performing video services

Long initial buffering delay Video pause
3dB Bottleneck for Video on UL Coverage

Speed Requirement for Video In UL weak coverage areas at
cell edges, long initial video
DL Speed(Mbps) UL Speed(Kbps)
buffering delay and video
4M pauses occur due to limited
2M uplink power, causing significant
1M 156K deterioration in video
52K 78K
experience.
480P 720P 1080P

Video-Timestamp Saving Video-TTI Bundling Video-IPRAN UL CoMP
~62bytes
X2 X2
MAC RLC PDCP IP TCP Payload
Relaxed Backhaul
TCP Timesta
mp (IPRAN ,one way delay < 8ms)
header
12Bytes
Video TTI Bundling
Timestamp is Optional
Field, get 19.4% gain.
ACK/NACK Packet
The combination of coverage gain of video TTI Bundling, Inter-eNodeB UL CoMP for Video
and TCP timestamp removal is around 0.5~2 dB or UE download rate improve 10%-50%.

Description: TTI Bundling

Video
Packet
ACK/NACK Retransmission ACK/NACK
RV-0 RV-2 RV-3 RV-1

OFF
Redundancy size ON
Normal HARQ RTT
Redundancy HARQ RTT
 With TTI bundling, the same data block of different HARQ redundancy versions is transmitted in
four consecutive TTIs, and these TTIs are processed as one resource unit.
 TTI Bundling can reduce retransmissions and the round trip time (RTT), and make full use of the
gains generated by HARQ combination.

Description: UL COMP
X2 X2
IP RAN
One-way delay ≤ 10 ms
Service cell Collaboration cell
A B
 This function supports UL CoMP for UEs performing video services based on SC with IPRAN. This function
takes effect only for video service UEs whose uplink power resources are limited in their serving cells.
The implement of this function is similar to that of LOFD-001066 Intra-eNodeB UL CoMP.

Description: Timestamp Removal

Bit Bit Bit Bit Bit
0 8 16 24 31
Source port Destination port
Sequence number
Fixed
20-byte
TCP Acknowledgment number header
header
TCP
header Flag bit Window size
length
Checksum Urgent pointer
Padding Timestamp
 As defined in RFC1323, a TCP packet contains a 12-byte timestamp option.

 During the TCP three-way handshake between UEs and the server, the eNodeB removes timestamps from uplink SYN
packets and then sends the packets to the server, ensuring that no timestamps are contained in transmitted data
packets.
 TCP timestamp removal significantly reduces the size of TCP ACKs and increases TCP ACK transmission efficiency (19.4%
for a TCP ACKs) for UEs whose uplink coverage is limited, increasing the download rate of video services.

• SC-based Service Identification: This function is required by the video TTI bundling and inter-eNodeB UL CoMP
for video services to identify video services.
• LOFD-001066 Intra-eNodeB UL CoMP & LOFD-070222 Intra-eNodeB UL CoMP Phase II Inter-eNodeB are
required for UL CoMP for Video
• None
Impacted Features
• LOFD-001048 TTI Bundling: If a UE enters the VoLTE TTI bundling state and then performs video services, it
remains in the VoLTE TTI bundling state. Check criteria for video TTI bundling are applied only after the VoLTE
services are released and the UE exits the TTI bundling state. And viceversa.
• LOFD-110221 Initial Acceleration: After the LOFD-110221 Initial Acceleration feature is enabled, TCP packets do
not contain timestamps. Therefore, TCP timestamp removal does not need to be enabled when the Initial
Acceleration feature is enabled.

Network Impact
Network performance
TCP timestamp removal.
 Increases the throughput of edge UEs performing video services.
 The PDCP throughput on the entire network decreases slightly because a TCP packet header size
decreases by 12 bytes.
Video TTI bundling.
 This function enhances uplink coverage and can increase MCS indexes in weak uplink coverage
areas, reducing the packet loss rate and increasing throughput of edge Ues performing video
services.
Inter-eNodeB UL CoMP for video services
 This function reduces the number of retransmissions and reduces the packet loss rate to
increase throughput of edge UEs performing video services. Inter-eNodeB transmission
bandwidth consumption increases slightly.
When to use
It is recommended that this feature be activated when
 the coverage is weak (for example, the percentage of uplink scheduling times with MCS 0
selected is greater than 10%),
 network load is light (for example, the downlink PRB usage is less than 20%),
 and video traffic at cell edges is high (for example, the traffic volume proportion of video
services for UEs at the cell edge is greater than 5%).
Video TTI Bundling and inter-eNodeB UL CoMP for video services are not recommended in the
following scenarios:
 High speed cells or ultra-high speed cells, to avoid increasing air interface signaling load
 Cells with a bandwidth of 1.4 MHz, avoiding increasing PRB usage
 Scenarios where uplink interference is small

Dependencies
Hardware
Video service identification on the main control board is required for video TTI bundling and inter-
eNodeB UL CoMP for video services. Therefore, a UMPTa, UMPTb, or UMPTe board must be
configured.
The baseband processing unit must be LBBPd, UBBPd, or UBBPe. The RX mode of LBBPd1 and LBBPd2
must be 2R and non-4R, respectively.
When inter-eNodeB UL CoMP for video services is enabled, neither UBBPd3 nor UBBPd4 can be used
in GL or UL mode.

Dependencies
Other
For Video TTI bundling UEs must support.
For inter-eNodeB UL CoMP for video services,
 the precision of time synchronization between BBUs must be within ±3 us,
 the one-way transmission delay between BBUs must be less than or equal to 8 ms,
 and no intermodulation interference or PCI conflict exists.
For details about other requirements, see "Engineering Guidelines for LOFD-081219 Inter-eNodeB
VoLTE CoMP" in UL CoMP Feature Parameter Description.

Parameters
CellAlgoSwitch.TcpCtrlSwitch Select the TstpRemovalSwitch option to activate timestampt removal
CellAlgoSwitch.UlSchSwitch Select the TtiBundlingForVideoSwitch option.
CellTtiBundlingAlgo.SinrThdToTrigVideoTtib SINR Threshold To Trigger Video TTI Bundling
CellAlgoSwitch.UplinkCompSwitch Select the UlCompForVideoSwitch option.
CellUlCompAlgo.UlCompA3OffsetForRelaxedBH configure an A3 offset for relaxed-backhaul-based UL CoMP.

Activation
//Enabling TCP timestamp removal
MOD CELLALGOSWITCH:LocalCellId=0,TcpCtrlSwitch=TstpRemovalSwitch-1;
//Enabling video TTI bundling

MOD SCPOLICY:ScAlgoSwitch=SC_SERVICE_IDENTITY_SW-1;
ADD SCAPPPARACFG: AppDnsId=0, AppIdentType=DNS, AppDns="*---sn-*.googlevideo.com", MatchRule=Query,
AppName="Youtube video";
MOD CELLALGOSWITCH:LocalCellId=0,UlSchSwitch=TtiBundlingForVideoSwitch-1;
//Enabling inter-eNodeB UL CoMP for video services

MOD SCPOLICY:ScAlgoSwitch=SC_SERVICE_IDENTITY_SW-1;
ADD SCAPPPARACFG: AppDnsId=0, AppIdentType=DNS, AppDns="*---sn-*.googlevideo.com", MatchRule=Query,
AppName="Youtube video";
MOD CellAlgoSwitch:LocalCellId=0,UplinkCompSwitch=UlCompForVideoSwitch-1;

 TCP timestamp removal.
 Compare the TCP packets captured for video services before and after this function is enabled. Check
that timestamps do not exist in the TCP packets on ports 80, 8080, and 443.
 Video TTI bundling.
 Observe the value of the ttiBundling IE in ul-SCH-Config of mac-MainConfig in the RRC_CONN_RECFG
message over the Uu interface
 L.Traffic.User.TtiBundling.Avg: Average number of UEs on which TTI bundling takes effect in a cell
 Inter-eNodeB UL CoMP for video services.
 L.ChMeas.ULRelaxedBHCoMP.PRB.Avg: Average number of PRBs scheduled for relaxed-backhaul-based
UL CoMP in a cell
 L.ULCoMP.ULRelaxedBHCoMP.User.Avg: Average number of UEs selected for whom UL CoMP based on
relaxed backhaul is performed in a cell

After each function provided by this feature is enabled, the total PDCP-layer downlink
throughput of video services for UEs far from the cell center increases.
 The increase is indicated by the L.Exp.Video.Thrp.bits.DL.Far counter when the
total throughput of video services is stable.
 When the throughput is unstable (for example, the fluctuation margin of the
L.Exp.Video.Thrp.bits.DL.All counter value is more than 5%), the increase can be
estimated according to the result of L.Exp.Video.Thrp.bits.DL.Far divided by
L.Exp.Video.Thrp.bits.DL.All.

2.1

LOFD-120202 Intra-eNodeB & Inter-eNodeB Uplink Interference Cancellation
Overview
UL IC can mainly improve the performance of cell edge users
Throughput
UL IC can improve the performance of cell edge, meanwhile it has no negative
impact on network KPI.
UL IC can work based on Intra-site、Inter-site、Coordinated BBU and relaxed
backhaul.
UL IC is able to co-operate with MRC、IRC and CoMP receiver.

Benefits
For the cell: For the UE:

Description
The procedure is started when UE1 reports the A3 measurement result to its serving cell in eNB1
UE1: Demodulation and

Decoding
Control Information of UE1
Optional: Data of UE1 1. Cell1 sends scheduling information of

UE 0/1: Demodulation UE1 to cell0
and Decoding
2. Cell0 cancels UE1’s interference from

Reconstruct Data of
UE1 and interference UE 0 Cell UL receiving signal
Cancelling
3. Cell0 retries User0 demodulation or
UE 0: Demodulation
eNB 0 eNB 1
decoding
and Decoding again UE 1
The Procedure of Uplink IC

• None
• LOFD-001007 High Speed Mobility None
• LOFD-001008 Ultra High Speed Mobility None
• N/A Frequency Hopping None
• N/A Multi-RRU Cell None

Impacted Features
• LOFD-120201 Turbo Receiver: When UL IC is enabled, the benefited UEs of Turbo Receiver can be only non-UL-
IC benefited UEs.
• LAOFD-080202 Carrier Aggregation for Uplink 2CC: If Carrier Aggregation for Uplink 2CC is enabled, an uplink
CA UE cannot be selected as a UL IC interfering UE.
• LOFD-081219 Inter-eNodeB VoLTE CoMP: If Inter-eNodeB VoLTE CoMP is enabled, an IP RAN CoMP UE cannot
be selected as a UL IC benefited UE.
• LOFD-001066 Intra-eNodeB UL CoMP: If Intra-eNodeB UL CoMP is enabled, a UL CoMP UE cannot be selected
as a UL IC benefited UE when the eNodeB with four antennas receives signals.
• LOFD-070222 Intra-eNodeB UL CoMP Phase II: If Intra-eNodeB UL CoMP Phase II is enabled, a UL CoMP UE
cannot be selected as a UL IC benefited UE when the eNodeB with four antennas receives signals.
• MLOFD-121280 eMTC Introduction: An eMTC UE cannot be selected as a UL IC benefited or interfering UE.

Network Impact
Network performance
This feature can
 increase the modulation and coding scheme (MCS) index of UL IC benefited UEs,
 decrease the uplink initial block error rate (IBLER),
 and increase the uplink cell coverage.
When this feature is enabled, the average uplink cell throughput and the average uplink CEU
throughput increase significantly.

When to use
It is recommended that this feature be enabled in densely populated urban areas
or urban areas where the inter-site distance is less than 1000m.
 Recommended UL PRB>10%
 If the traffic is heavy in such scenarios (for example, if the uplink or downlink
PRB usage is greater than 90% or the CCE or CPU usage is greater than 80%), it
is recommended that the relevant parameter settings be optimized.
 It is recommended that this feature be disabled in suburban and rural areas where
the inter-site distance is greater than 1000m.

Dependencies
Hardware
UBBPe
Other
For inter-Site IC:
 Time synchronization with a deviation less than 3.0 μs must be achieved between BBUs
 one-way transmission delay between BBUs be less than 4 ms.
The eNodeB cannot eliminate intermodulation interference. Before enabling this feature, check
whether intermodulation interference exists.
When a physical cell identifier (PCI) conflict occurs between two cells, the two cells cannot be
differentiated using the A3 event. Consequently, an incorrect coordinated cell may be selected.
Therefore, before enabling this feature, check whether a PCI conflict exists

Parameters
Select the UlInterSiteIcSwitch option of this parameter for all cells where
CellAlgoSwitch.UplinkIcSwitch
this feature is to be enabled.
CellUlIcAlgo.UlIcA3Offset UL IC A3 Offset
Activation
//Turning on the UL IC switch
MOD CELLALGOSWITCH:LocalCellId=0,UplinkIcSwitch=UlInterSiteIcSwitch-1;
//(Optional) Modifying the UL IC A3 offset

MOD CELLULICALGO:LocalCellId=0,UlIcA3Offset=-20;

Run the DSP CELLULICCLUSTER command to query the cooperating candidate list of a cell. If the
command output is not empty, UL IC has taken effect.
On the U2000, you can check whether a UE is a UL IC UE by using the real-time user trace function.
If a UE is a UL IC UE, this feature has taken effect
If the value of the counter L.ULIC.User.Avg or L.ULIC.RB is not zero, this feature has taken effect.

UL IC Users
 The gain of UL IC is directly proportional to the number of UL IC Ues
L.ULIC.User.Avg
UL IC RB
 The proportion of UL IC RBs can be calculated in the formula
L.ULIC.RB/L.ChMeas.PRB.PUSCH.Avg. A larger proportion of UL IC RBs results in
more uplink throughput gains offered by UL IC.
Uplink UE Throughput
Uplink Cell Throughput

2.1

LBFD-121102 eRAN12.1 Introduction Package
Initial CQI Adjustment Efficiency improvement for
Flexible target IBLER adaptation
Optimization adaptive DL HARQ
Before
After
Near & CQI Far & CQI

fluctucation fluctucation
RBG RBG
is low. is high.
allocated allocated
for us er for us er
A’s retx B’s tx
Lower target IBLER

Higher target IBLER
TBS_indexnew=TBS_indexold + IncreaseNumber
• DL PRB usage > 30%;

• Burst Traffic • CPU load < 55%;
• DL PRB usage > 50%; • DL User Average Throughput Gain:1%~5%;
• DL User Average Throughput Gain:1%~5%; • DL User Average Throughput Gain:1%~5%; •
• IBLER maybe increase; MCS increase;
• Hard to observe gain • IBLER increase;
• Hard to observe gain

LBFD-121102 eRAN12.1 Introduction Package - PAMC
Description: PAMC
The fixed initial

SinrOffset(-5) is too
conservative in this
case
 For every new accessed user, a fixed initial SINR Adjustment is configured, which is more or less in many scenarios and
deteriorates the performance of small packet service due to lack of enough data for SINR Adjustment convergence.

Suitable User Initializing Enhanced MCS Mapping
 Clustering users into different groups for each cell.  Making full use of Receiver performance and HARQ
 Based on the online users, we can get the statistic Combing Gain，we take the channel quality and
characteristics (e.g. SINR Adjustment) through adaptive fluctuation and RB Number into consideration, an
learning method, which can provide a better initial value for enhanced MCS mapping scheme is proposed
new users

• None
• LBFD-00101502 Dynamic Scheduling: UL target IBLER adaptation in the Dynamic Scheduling feature and PAMC
in the eRAN12.1 Introduction Package feature cannot be enabled simultaneously.
Impacted Features
• None

Network Impact
Network performance
PAMC function causes UL IBLER to increase by 0%–40%
It improves user-perceived UL throughput.
Cell Average Throughput Gain User Average Perceived

Throughput Gain
2~5% 5~15%

Dependencies
Hardware
LBBPd\UBBPd\UBBPe
Other
PAMC does not apply to UEs with any of the following attributes:
 TTI bundling, VoLTE, UL interference cancellation (IC), and push to talk (PTT).
PAMC does not take effect in cells whose Cell.UlCyclicPrefix is set to EXTENDED_CP(Extended).

Parameters
CellAlgoSwitch.UlSchExtSwitch UlPAMCSwitch(UlPAMCSwitch) for PAMC activation
When to use
You are advised to select the UlPAMCSwitch option of this parameter if:
 the average UL MCS index is less than 15:
 and the MCSs with indexes smaller than 10 are selected on more than 10% occasions of UL
scheduling.

Activation
//Enabling the PAMC function
MOD CELLALGOSWITCH:LocalCellId=0,UlSchExtSwitch=UlPAMCSwitch-1;
KPI Formula Impact
(L.ChMeas.PUSCH.MCS.0*0+L.ChMeas.PUSCH.MCS.1*1+…+L.ChMeas.PUSCH
MCS .MCS.28*28)/sum(L.ChMeas.PUSCH.MCS.0...L.ChMeas.PUSCH.MCS.28) Increase
("L.Traffic.UL.SCH.QPSK.ErrTB.Ibler"+"L.Traffic.UL.SCH.16QAM.ErrTB.Ibler"+"
IBLER L.Traffic.UL.SCH.64QAM.ErrTB.Ibler")/("L.Traffic.UL.SCH.QPSK.TB"+"L.Traffic.U Increase
L.SCH.16QAM.TB"+"L.Traffic.UL.SCH.64QAM.TB")*"100“
"L.Thrp.bits.UL" / "L.Thrp.Time.Cell.UL.HighPrecision“
Cell throughput Increase
("L.Thrp.bits.UL" - "L.Thrp.bits.UE.UL.SmallPkt") /
User throughput "L.Thrp.Time.UE.UL.RmvSmallPkt" Increase

2.1

LOFD-121214 VoLTE Coverage-based CSFB
Description
CN
2. The eNodeB determines whether the UE is in

3a. The CN sends an SIP 380/500/503 message to the calling
an LTE weak-coverage area. If the UE is in an LTE
UE.
weak-coverage area, the eNodeB rejects to
3b. The CN sends a CS Paging Notification message to the
establish the VoLTE call.
called UE.
1. A UE originates a VoLTE call.
LTE
4. The UE falls back to GERAN or
UTRAN.
GERAN/UTRAN
For VoLTE UEs in LTE weak-coverage areas, VoLTE bearer setup is rejected and CSFB is triggered.

Description
A UE is performing a VoLTE call. • SRVCC refers to single radio voice call continuity.
The UE moves. • aSRVCC refers to SRVCC in alerting phase.

SRVCC handover
threshold • bSRVCC refers to SRVCC before alerting.
• eSRVCC refers to enhanced SRVCC.
eSRVCC is triggered.
When a UE initiates a VoLTE call in an LTE weak-coverage area:

• Initiating the call may fail due to the large probability of packet loss
A UE initiates a VoLTE call. and retransmissions of VoLTE SIP signaling messages.
LTE weak-
aSRVCC/bSRVCC is triggered.
coverage area • SRVCC may be triggered if the VoLTE call is successfully initiated.
− If a UE is in the alerting status, aSRVCC is triggered. If the UE
does not support aSRVCC, call drop occurs.
Call failure: The UE does not support − If a UE has not entered the alerting status, bSRVCC is triggered.
aSRVCC/bSRVCC when initiating a call. If the UE does not support bSRVCC, call drop occurs.
Data-service handover
threshold/Idle-mode
reselection threshold

The eNodeB determines that the UE is in a weak-

coverage area if the following conditions are met:
 PathLoss >
CellHoParaCfg.UlPoorCoverPathLossThd
 SINR <
CellHoParaCfg.UlPoorCoverSinrThd
The VoLTE Coverage-based CSFB feature can be

enabled or disabled for specified UE types by
configuring a whitelist and a blacklist

• LOFD-001033 CS Fallback to UTRAN
• LOFD-001034 CS Fallback to GERAN
The VoLTE Coverage-based CSFB feature requires either of these features
• LBFD-081103 Terminal Awareness Differentiation: The UE whitelist and blacklist function requires Terminal
Awareness Differentiation.
• None
Impacted Features
• None

Network Impact
Network performance
UEs initiating VoLTE calls in weak-coverage areas fall back to the CS domain to process voice services.
This prevents call drops caused by bSRVCC and aSRVCC when the UE or core network does not support
bSRVCC and aSRVCC, thereby reducing the call drop rate and improving voice user experience.
QCI 1 bearer setup requests from weak-coverage areas are rejected, decreasing the QCI 1 bearer setup
success rate.

When to use
It is recommended that this feature be activated in the same scenarios as TTI bundling:
 The number of voice users exceeds a threshold (5%)
 The proportion of uplink path loss greater than 135 dBm exceeds a threshold (5%)
 The coverage is weak (for example, the percentage of uplink scheduling times with MCS 0
selected is greater than 10%),
 The uplink voice packet loss rate exceeds a threshold (0.2%)
 CSFB successful rate>99%
Not recommended:
 High speed cells or ultra-high speed cells
 Cells with a bandwidth of 1.4 MHz, avoiding increasing PRB usage

Dependencies
The VoLTE Coverage-based CSFB feature requires the cooperation between Huawei eNodeB and IMS.
 UEs must be able to perform CSFB after receiving an SIP 500/380/503 message.
Necessary Support from IMS and EPC
• IMS: After receiving the message for rejecting the setup of the VoLTE-service bearer,
the IMS sends an SIP 380/500/503 to calling UE and sends invite message to MSC for
called call .
• EPC: After receiving the invite message MSC send a CS Paging Notification message to
the called UE.
• Reference TS 23.237 v14.1.0 /TS 23.228 v14.1.0 /TS24.229 v14.2.0

Parameters
CellHoParaCfg.FlashSrvccSwitch This parameter specifies whether to enable VoLTE Coverage-based CSFB.
This parameter specifies the path loss threshold for uplink weak-coverage
CellHoParaCfg.UlPoorCoverPathLossThd
identification in VoLTE Coverage-based CSFB.
This parameter specifies the SINR threshold for uplink weak-coverage
CellHoParaCfg.UlPoorCoverSinrThd
identification in VoLTE Coverage-based CSFB.
The FLASH_SRVCC_SWITCH_ON( Flash SRVCC Switch On) option specifies
UeCompat.WhiteLstCtrlSwitch
whether to enable VoLTE Coveragebased CSFB for UEs in the whitelist.
The FLASH_SRVCC_SWITCH_OFF(FLASH_SRVCC_SWITCH_OFF) option
UeCompat.BlkLstCtrlSwitch specifies whether to disable VoLTE Coverage-based CSFB for UEs in the
blacklist.

Activation
//Activating feature
MOD CELLHOPARACFG: LocalCellId=0, FlashSrvccSwitch=ON, UlPoorCoverPathLossThd=125, UlPoorCoverSinrThd=0;
//Configuring Black-White list

MOD UECOMPAT: Index=1, UeInfoType=IMEISV_TAC, ImeisvTac=2,BlkLstCtrlSwitch=FLASH_SRVCC_SWITCH_OFF-1,
WhiteLstCtrlSwitch=FLASH_SRVCC_SWITCH_ON-0;

Message for requesting QCI 1 bearer setup
Message for rejecting to set up the QCI 1

bearer due to unavailable radio resources
Message for triggering a CSFB for the UE
Counter Description
L.E-RAB.FailEst.PoolCover.VoIP Number of setup failures of E-RABs for VoLTE services due to weak coverage

Voice QoS and Voice Quality KPIs
COUNTER FORMULA
L.E-RAB.AbnormRel.QCI.1 / (L.E-RAB.AbnormRel.QCI.1+L.E-
VoLTE call drop rate RAB.NormRel.QCI.1+L.IRATHO.SRVCC.E2W.ExecSuccOut + L.IRATHO.SRVCC.E2G.ExecSuccOut-
L.IRATHO.SRVCC.E2W.MMEAbnormRsp-L.IRATHO.SRVCC.E2G.MMEAbnormRsp
Additionally you can also monitor whether VoLTE experience has been improved by
this feature by viewing following counters. The counter values decrease after the
VoLTE Coverage-based CSFB feature is enabled.
Counter Description
L.IRATHO.SRVCC.E2G.PrepAttOut Number of inter-RAT handover attempts from EUTRAN to GERAN for SRVCC
Number of inter-RAT handover attempts from EUTRAN to WCDMA network for

L.IRATHO.SRVCC.E2W.PrepAttOut
SRVCC

2.1

LOFD-120201 Turbo Receiver
This feature improves the

PUSCH demodulation
performance
Compared with a common linear receiver, the turbo receiver is characterized by iterative channel
estimation and iterative equalization.
 The iteration process improves channel estimation quality and reduces inter-symbol interference
In the scenarios of weak interference in the uplink, no other IC method is employed to effectively
improve the uplink reception quality.

Benefits
Benefits offered to UEs
This feature takes effect for UEs whose instantaneous modulation and coding scheme (MCS) indexes
are smaller than 9.
The uplink throughput of a UE increases by about 3% to 25% if the following conditions are met:
 The UE is in a weak coverage area.
 The average MCS index is smaller than or equal to 5.
 The average number of scheduled resource blocks (RBs) is smaller than or equal to 25.
Benefits offered to cells
 The average uplink throughput in weak coverage areas increases by about 3% to 20%.
This feature cannot offer obvious gains or any gains if either of the following conditions is met:
 Propagation conditions are good, or the limitation is in the downlink

• None
• Uplink intrasubframe frequency hopping
Impacted Features
• LOFD-081219 Inter-eNodeB VoLTE CoMP & LOFD-120202 Intra-eNodeB and Inter-eNodeB Uplink Interference
Cancellation: When one of these features and the turbo receiver are enabled simultaneously, the feature is
chosen preferentially and therefore and fewer UEs can benefit from the turbo receiver.
• LOFD-001066 Intra-eNodeB UL CoMP & LOFD-070222 Intra-eNodeB UL CoMP Phase II & LOFD-070223 UL
CoMP based on Coordinated eNodeB: When one of these features and the turbo receiver are enabled
simultaneously, UEs can benefit from the two features but the gains offered by the turbo receiver are lowered.
• LOFD-001048 TTI Bundling The turbo receiver and TTI bundling can be both enabled in the same cell. However,
they cannot take effect simultaneously for a UE. TTI bundling takes precedence

Network Impact
System Capacity
This feature increases the uplink throughput of UEs in weak coverage areas.
Network Performance
This feature improves the PUSCH demodulation performance, reduces the number of service drops,
access failures, and handover failures caused by PUSCH demodulation failures, and improves service
quality for UEs in weak coverage areas.
If quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) is used in the uplink, there may be some decrease in the initial
block error rate (IBLER), residual block error rate (RBLER), and proportion of Ues for which small MCS
indexes are selected.

When to use
This feature is applicable when there are many UEs in weak coverage areas. Therefore, this feature is
recommended in a cell where UEs with MCS indexes ranging from 0 to 5 account for over 20% of UEs
in the cell.
Cells with regions of weak uplink coverage, such as inside buildings
Cells with large inter-site distance
Cells with large interference, especially for cases with interference from non-LTE system
Dependencies
Hardware
UBBPe

Parameters
CellAlgoSwitch.TurboReceiverSwitch Turbo Receiver Switch
Activation
//Turning on the turbo receiver switch
MOD CELLALGOSWITCH:LocalCellId=0,TurboReceiverSwitch=ON;


Uplink Cell Throughput in Different Path-Loss Areas
 After this feature is activated, the uplink throughout will increase in high-path-loss areas (for
example, areas indicated by PL10 to PL14) (>24h observation)
Uplink cell throughput in the path-loss area indicated by PLn =(L.Thrp.bits.UE.UL.PLn - L.Thrp.bits.UE.UL.SmallPkt.PLn)
/L.Thrp.Time.UE.UL.RmvSmallPkt.PLn
Uplink MCS Distribution

 After this feature is activated, there will be a decrease in the number of times smaller MCS
indexes are selected during scheduling and there will be an increase in the number of times
larger MCS indexes (>24h observation)
L.ChMeas.PUSCH.MCS.0 to L.ChMeas.PUSCH.MCS.28
Uplink BLERs in QPSK Mode

After this feature is activated, the uplink IBLER or RBLER in QPSK mode may decrease
Uplink IBLER in QPSK mode = L.Traffic.UL.SCH.QPSK.ErrTB.Ibler / L.Traffic.UL.SCH.QPSK.TB
Uplink RBLER in QPSK mode = L.Traffic.UL.SCH.QPSK.ErrTB.Rbler / L.Traffic.UL.SCH.QPSK.TB

2.1

LOFD-121212 eNodeB Supporting 1588v2 ATR
Clock synchronization solutions supported by RAN devices:
Synchronization Type Clock Source Synchronization Mode NE
NodeB, eNodeB, BTS, and micro base
Synchronous Ethernet (SyncE) Frequency synchronization
stations
Frequency synchronization and time NodeB, eNodeB, BTS, and micro base
1588v2
synchronization stations
1588v2 ATR Time synchronization NodeB, eNodeB, and BTS
NodeB, eNodeB, BTS, and micro base
ITU-T G.8265.1 Frequency synchronization
stations
Network synchronization
Private IP clock Frequency synchronization NodeB, eNodeB, and BTS
Line clock Frequency synchronization NodeB, eNodeB, BTS, BSC, and RNC
ITU-T G.8275.1 Time synchronization eNodeB, BTS, and micro base stations
ITU-T G.8275.2 Time synchronization eNodeB, BTS, and micro base stations
1588+SynE backup Time synchronization eNodeB
Building integrated timing supply
Frequency synchronization NodeB, eNodeB, BTS, BSC, and RNC
(BITS)
8 KHz Frequency synchronization RNC and BSC
TOD+1PPS Time synchronization eNodeB
Absolute clock synchronization GLONASS Time synchronization eNodeB
BeiDou Time synchronization LTE TDD
Time synchronization and frequency NodeB, eNodeB, BTS, BSC, RNC, and
GPS
synchronization micro base stations
SyncE+Air interface soft
Time synchronization eNodeB, BTS, and micro base stations
synchronization
Air interface synchronization and Inter-site Sniffer Time synchronization LTE TDD micro base stations
other synchronization solutions Frequency synchronization and time
Peer clock NodeB, eNodeB, and BTS
synchronization
Cloud BB internal clock Time synchronization NodeB and eNodeB

Clock Synchronization Process Between Master and Slave Ends
Master Slave
ΔT › The transmission delay between the master and slave ends is
(Time offset) measured using the timestamps carried in the Sync and Delay_req
messages.
t1 Sync message Timestamps
t2 = t1 + delay1 + offset
Delay 1 t4 = t3 + delay2 - offset
t2 t1, t2
› If Delay1= Delay2, then
t3 t1, t2, t3 Delay1 = Delay2 = [(t2 - t1) + (t4 - t3)]/2
Delay 2
› If the transmission delay is obtained, the time offset between the
t4
master and slave ends is calculated as follows:
Delay_Req message
Offset = [(t2 - t1) – (t4 - t3)]/2
Delay_Resp message
› After compensating for the offset, the slave end synchronizes with
the master end.
t1, t2, t3, t4
1. Theoretical basis for IEEE 1588v2-based synchronization principles: strict symmetry between uplink and downlink for a loopback path

Description: 1588v2
Port status Port status Passive External Phase trail path
at the at the port status synchronization
master end slave end interface Ethernet GPS
OC 1PPS+TOD
RRU BC
BC BC OC (GM)
BC
E1
eNodeB
BC
BC
RRU BC E2
BC BC OC (GM)
eNodeB
OC
A B C
Time Difference
Device  As shown in the preceding figure, the base station synchronizes only with the
Introduced
A Base station ≤ ±150 ns directly connected IEEE 1588v2 BC.
Transmissio  The total time difference is less than ±1.5 us. The figure on the left lists the time
B ≤ ±1000 ns
n network difference introduced at each hop (A, B, and C).
C Clock server ≤ ±100 ns  If the time difference at each hop meets the requirements, the IEEE 1588v2-
based time synchronization solution can be adopted.
All the transmission devices between the clock server (OC GM) and the base station must support IEEE 1588v2 BC.
A transmission device supporting IEEE 1588v2 can meet the time difference requirement (±1.5 us) in the table.

Description: 1588v2 ATR
IEEE 1588v2 adaptive time Base station

IEEE 1588v2
recovery (ATR) networking master end Bearer network
Base station
ATR
Both the clock server and base station must support IEEE 1588v2 but the transmission devices between
them do not have to.
Application Scenario and Key Factors

 Application scenario: ATR can only be used to perform time synchronization for LTE FDD in the current
version.
 Key factors affecting synchronization accuracy: network packet delay variation (PDV), traffic load and
packet size, intermediate transmission device type, or number of transmission device hops

PDV (Packet delay variation)
 A PS network is characterized by PDV noise floor and its minimum delay is fixed.
 A1 indicates the time precision (1.5 us) required for ATR. Collect numerous delay values within a fixed period and
filter out the PDV by finding the minimum delay value. The value of A1 determines the time precision required for
synchronization.
 If the value of A1 varies greatly, the status and precision for time synchronization cannot be ensured.
A1 A2
Number of
packets
* Depending on the algorithm
0
Delay time
Minimum packet
Packet delay variation
delay
 IEEE 1588v2 ATR first collects a large amount of delay data in a fixed period, then calculates
the minimum delay to filter out the PDV, and finally calculates the synchronization offset.

Factors Affecting PDV

PDV is key to the precision of IEEE 1588v2 ATR.
The ratio of PDV noise floor delay less than 1.5 us must exceed 10% within 100s to meet the
synchronization precision requirement. The key factors are as follows:
• Transmission device type
• Number of transmission devices between the IP clock and the base station
• Duration of background traffic exceeding 80% should be less than 100s.
Recommended Devices and Hops

Transmission equipments & Hops suggested
<=4 hops switch;
<=2 Hops Router;
<=3 Hops MicroWave;
<=3 Hops mix of Switch&RT&MW;
Not support DSL/PON and MSTP etc.

Dependencies
Hardware
Only the UMPT, LMPT, or UTRPc board can be used.
Activation
//Configure the Clock Mode as “MANUAL” in the eNB
SET CLKMODE: MODE=MANUAL, CLKSRC=IPCLK, SYNMODE=OFF;
//Configure the Clock Synchronization Mode as “TIME”
SET CLKSYNCMODE: CLKSYNCMODE=TIME;
//Configure the IP Clock Link as “PTP” and the protocol profile as “G.8275.2”
ADD IPCLKLINK: LN=0, ICPT=PTP, CNM=UNICAST, IPMODE=IPV4, CIP="1.1.1.1", SIP="2.2.2.2", DELAYTYPE=E2E,
PROFILETYPE=G.8275.2;
//Configure the ATR Switch as “ON”
SET IPCLKALGO: ATRSW=ON;

Activation Monitoring
Run the DSP IPCLKALGO command to check whether the ATR switch has been turned on.
Run the DSP CLKSTAT command to check the clock status. If the clock is locked, its status is normal.

Activation Monitoring
PDV measurement: In the navigation tree, choose Monitor > Common Monitoring. Double-click IP
Clock Data Collection Monitoring
Clock Quality test: In the navigation tree, choose Monitor > Common Monitoring. Double-click Clock
Quality Test Monitoring.

2.1

LOFD-121213 Direct IPsec
 Concepts
 In IPsec networking, a direct IPsec tunnel is established over the X2 interface between two eNodeBs, without the need of
deploying a SeGW.
IPsec tunnel with SeGW
Direct IPsec tunnel
X2 flows in IPsec tunnel with SeGW
eNodeB X2 flows in Direct IPsec
Router
Switch
Router Router
IP network
eNodeB
Router IP network
Router Router EPC

SeGW
Router
eNodeB Switch Router
 Background
 Traditional X2 interfaces mainly carry handover-related traffic and neighboring cell measurement messages, which feature
small bandwidth and low requirements for transmission delay.
 IP RAN inter-site coordination-based services, such as CA, CoMP, and CSPC, occur, requiring large bandwidth and low
transmission delay.

SRAN12.1 X2/eX2 Changes
eX2 Self-Management Feature

Parameter Description
“In non-ideal backhaul mode, coordination services are carried over an X2 interface
if the GlobalProcSwitch.ItfTypeForNonIdealModeServ parameter is set to X2. If this
parameter is set to eX2, coordination services are carried over an eX2 interface in
non-ideal backhaul mode.”
Plan to move all eX2 functionalities to X2. eX2 will be discontinnued in the future.
X2_CP： For X2AP signaling like X2 interface setup signal, the delay less than 20ms.
X2_UP： For CA/CSPC/UL CoMP services’ data, The delay must less than 8ms in SRAN12.1.
mode1 : Only UP is in direct IPSEC mode2: both UP and CP are in direct IPSEC
X2-UP’s direct IPSEC X2-UP and X2-CP’s direct IPSEC

eNB1 eNB1
SecG GW SecG
GW
W W
X2-CP’s IPSEC(can sharing with S1)
eNB2 eNB2
X2_UP:
• eNB can auto configure the direct IPSEC X2_UP & X2_CP:
X2_CP: • eNB can auto configured the direct IPSEC
•IPSEC should be manually configured, it can sharing
with S1. Benefits & Drawback:
•X2_UP and X2_CP’s IPSEC are both auto configured .
Benefits & Drawback: •IPSEC specification requirement is higher.
•Saving almost half of the IPSEC specification •The IPSEC specification can’t meet the specification
•X2_CP ‘s IPSEC should be configured. requirement.
•The IPSEC specification can meet the specification
requirement
It is recommended to mode1, because X2_CP in direct IPSEC isn’t necessary.

Specifications
Board X2 interfaces eX2 interfaces Direct IPSEC X2 Direct IPSEC eX2

LMPT 96 32 48 None
UMPTa/UMPTb 256 96 264 None
UMPte 384 96 392 None
It is recommended that Direct IPsec be used only on the X2 user plane because the X2 control plane has low
requirements on delay and requires small bandwidth and the IPsec specifications cannot meet the need.

• LOFD-003009 IPSec
• LOFD-002004 Self Configuration
Network Impact
Network Performance
Compared with IPsec tunnels to the SeGW, X2 interfaces with direct IPsec tunnels
effectively reduce transmission path alternations of X2 interfaces, decrease the X2
interface latency, and reduce the bandwidth consumption of the transport network.
System Capacity
The CPU usage increases by at most 5% due to the increase in the number of
IPsec tunnels, compared with when SeGWs are deployed to establish IPsec
tunnels.
Parameters
UP: the security peer IP address acts as the IP address for the IKE peer of the X2-U
interface. Direct IPSec tunnel is set up for the user plane, and an IPSec tunnel must be
set up between the X2-U interface and SeGW by manually configuring all IPSec-related
MOs.
GlobalProcSwitch.X2SonSecMode
CP_UP: the security peer IP address acts as the IP address for the IKE peer of the X2-C
and X2-U interfaces. Direct IPSec tunnels are automatically set up for the control and
user planes, and direct IPSec is deployed for X2-C and X2-U interfaces, with the
SECURITYHOST MOs being the same.
SECURITYTEMPLATE.SEGWSWITCH DISABLE
SECURITYHOST.SEGWSWITCH DISABLE
DISABLE for UP
SCTPHOST.SIGIP1SECSWITCH
ENABLE for CP_UP
USERPLANEHOST.IPSECSWITCH ENABLE
GlobalProcSwitch.ItfTypeForNonIdealModeServ Service Coord Interface in Non-ideal TX mode: “X2” or “eX2”

Activation
1.Turn on the switch GlobalProcSwitch.X2SonSetupSwitch

2. Configure the parameter GlobalProcSwitch.X2SonSecMode to UP
3. Transmission should use End-Point: When ADD USERPLANEHOST, the parameter
USERPLANEHOST.IPSECSWITCH should be configured to ENABLE
In addition, Direct IPSec has no effect to S1, through it can share Userplane.host.
“When direct IPSec is deployed for the user plane of the X2 interface, the S1 interface can share
USERPLANEHOST with this X2 interface”

1. Select the eNodeB to be observed.

2. Run the DSP IPSECSA command. If the value of Destination IP in the
command output is the IP address of the peer eNodeB instead of the SeGW,
Direct IPsec is used.

2.1

LOFD-002015 RACH Optimization (Enh.)
Contention-based random access: Random access preambles are generated by UEs, and conflicts
may exist among these preambles. The eNodeB uses a contention resolution mechanism to handle
such conflicts.
Non-contention-based random access: Random access preambles are allocated by the eNodeB,
and each preamble is dedicated to only one UE. Therefore, there is no preamble conflict.
Contention-based Non-contention-based

Description: Detection of Contention-based Random Access Beyond

Cell Radius
UE t detect preambleID=2 in eNB detect
UE cannot detect eNB detect Msg2 ,and UE send msg3 preambleID=1
Msg2，RA failed preambleID=1
Blue area ：cell coverage area (set by RF )

Before Yellow area ：cell radius area (set by parameter )
Now


Cell Radius
The detection procedure is as follows:
1. An eNodeB receives a random preamble that is a retransmission preamble, and detects
the preamble index of N but not the preamble index of N+1.
2. The eNodeB delivers two RAR messages, which carry preamble indexes N and N+1,
respectively, to a UE.
3. The eNodeB receives an RRC connection establishment request from the UE.
4. If the RAR message for this request carries the preamble index of N+1, the eNodeB
determines that the UE is beyond the cell radius.
5. The eNodeB stops the random access procedure and measures the access-related
performance counters.
This function is controlled by the ExceedRadiusRaDetectionSw check box under the
CellAlgoSwitch.RachAlgoSwitch parameter

Cell Radius
UE t detect preambleID=2 in eNB detect

UE cannot detect eNB detect Msg2 ,and UE send msg3 preambleID=1
Msg2, RA failed preambleID=1
Blue area ：cell coverage erea (set by RF )

Before Yellow area ：cell radius area (set by parameter )
Now

Description: Optimization of non-contention-based random access beyond

cell radius
During the optimized procedure, if an eNodeB receives a dedicated random preamble that is a
retransmission preamble, and the following conditions are met:
 The eNodeB detects that the index of the preamble is N but not N+1.
 The eNodeB allocates preamble N+1 to a UE but not preamble N.
Then the eNodeB delivers the RAR message that carries the preamble index of N+1 to the UE.
This function is controlled by the NonContRaOptSwitch check box under the
CellAlgoSwitch.RachAlgoSwitch parameter.

• None
• None
Impacted Features
• LOFD-003029 SFN
• LOFD-001007 High Speed Mobility
• LOFD-001008 Ultra High Speed Mobility
These functions are mutually exclusive with the detection of contention-based random access beyond cell radius
and the optimization of non-contention based random access beyond cell radius.

Network Impact
System capacity
Detection of contention-based random access beyond cell radius
 This function increases the overheads of PDSCH, PUSCH, and PDCCH resources and slightly
decreases the uplink and downlink data rates.
Network Performance
Detection of contention-based random access beyond cell radius
 This function increases the number of times that preamble messages are received in a cell and
decreases the random access success rate.
Optimization of non-contention-based random access beyond cell radius
 This function increases the non-contention-based random access success rate.

When to use
Detection of Contention-based Random Access Beyond Cell Radius
 It is recommended that this function be enabled during off-peak hours when the contention-
based random access success rate in a cell is lower than expected so that the number of
random access failures of UEs beyond the cell radius can be measured.
 This function is supported only by low-speed cells but not by SFN cells or high-speed cells.
Optimization of Non-Contention-based Random Access Beyond Cell Radius:
 It is recommended that this function be enabled when the non-contention-based random
access success rate in a cell is lower than expected.
 This function is supported only by low-speed cells but not by SFN cells or high-speed cells.
 Overlap scenario with non-contention-based load<90%

Dependencies
Hardware
Not supported by the LBBPc board.

Parameters
Detection of Contention-based Random Access Beyond Cell Radius
CellAlgoSwitch.RachAlgoSwitch Select the ExceedRadiusRaDetectionSw check box under this parameter.
Optimization of Non-Contention-based Random Access Beyond Cell Radius
CellAlgoSwitch.RachAlgoSwitch Select the NonContRaOptSwitch check box under this parameter.

Activation
//Activating detection of contention-based random access beyond cell radius
MOD CELLALGOSWITCH:LocalCellId=0,RachAlgoSwitch= ExceedRadiusRaDetectionSw-1;
//Activating optimization of non-contention-based random access beyond cell radius

MOD CELLALGOSWITCH:LocalCellId=0,RachAlgoSwitch= NonContRaOptSwitch-1;


Function Description Counter

Detection of contentionbased
Number of contentionbased exceeding-
Random access beyond L.RA.ExceedRadiusContention.Access.Num
cellradius Accesses
cell radius
Optimization of non-
Noncontentionbased random access success
contentionbased random L.RA.Dedicate.Msg3Rcv/L.RA.Dedicate.Att
rate
access beyond cell radius

2.1

LAOFD-080201 Inter-eNodeB CA based on Relaxed backhaul (Enh.)
eRAN8.1 eRAN11.1 eRAN12.1
 DL 2CC (one-way delay≤4ms)  DL 3CC (one-way delay≤8ms)  DL 5CC (one-way delay≤8ms)

 UL 2CC (new, one-way delay≤4ms)
UL CA across eNB
One-way delay shall
be smaller than 4ms
eX2
eNodeB 1 eNodeB 2

Description
 PCell and SCell, located at different BBU, can work simultaneously for a UE’s uplink transmission.
 The data aggregation happens on PCell.
 Data transmission between BBU is via.eX2 interface (Huawei private).
PCell and SCell’s

data is aggregated SCell transfer
at PCell and sent data to PCell for
SGW
to upper layer. S1 aggregation.
eX2
PCell SCell
Carrier Management
Inter-eNodeB UL CA and intra-eNodeB UL CA has the same mechanism on the following aspects:
 SCell config/deconfig based on measurement/blind, SCell activation and deactivation, Traffic-based SCell
configuration and activation, Relation with TTI Bundling

• LAOFD-001001 LTE-A Introduction:
• (Optional) LAOFD-001002 Carrier Aggregation for Downlink 2CC in 40MHz: This feature is required if the
largest total bandwidth of two carriers among all CCs is greater than 20 MHz but not greater than 40 MHz.
largest total bandwidth of three carriers among all CCs does not exceed 40 MHz.
largest total bandwidth of three carriers among all CCs is greater than 40 MHz but not greater than 60 MHz.
• (Optional) LEOFD-110303 Carrier Aggregation for Downlink 4CC and 5CC This feature is required if four or five
CCs are involved.
• (Optional) LAOFD-080202 Carrier Aggregation for Uplink 2CC: This feature is required if inter-eNodeB uplink CA
is to be used.

Mutually Exclusive Features
Impacted Features

Dependencies
Hardware
Cells on LBBPc boards cannot act as PCells in this feature or as SCells in inter-eNodeB uplink CA.
Cells served by BTS3202Es or BTS3203Es cannot act as PCells in this feature or as SCells in inter-
eNodeB uplink CA.
If the LMPT is used as the main control board, at most seven inter-eNodeB BBPs can be
interconnected because the transport resource group bandwidth of the LMPT is limited.
If the total bandwidth of five aggregated carriers is 100 MHz, use UBBP and UMPT boards to process
the data transmitted in PCells. If LBBPd or LMPT boards are used, the peak data rate may not reach
the expected value, due to the lower hardware capabilities.

Dependencies
Other
This inter-eNodeB CA feature requires that a GPS or IEEE1588 V2 clock source be deployed with a
time synchronization accuracy within 3 μs.
It also requires that the jitter and packet loss rate meet the requirements
Transmission delay
 DL 5CC one-way delay≤8ms
 UL 2CC one-way delay≤4ms

Parameters
The RelaxedBackhaulCaSwitch option of this parameter specifies whether to
enable CA between cells served by macro eNodeBs, LampSite eNodeBs, or
ENodeBAlgoSwitch.CaAlgoSwitch
macro and LampSite eNodeBs on a network with relaxed backhaul
requirements.
Relaxed Backhaul Ca Max Component Carrier Number. Set this parameter to
CaMgtCfg.RelaxedBackhaulCaMaxCcNum
2CC(2CC), 3CC(3CC), 4CC(4CC), or 5CC(5CC) as required.
Relaxed Backhaul CA UL Max CC Num. Set this parameter to 2CC(2CC) or
CaMgtCfg.RelaxedBHCaUlMaxCcNum
0CC(0CC) as required.

Activation
MOD ENODEBALGOSWITCH:CAALGOSWITCH=RelaxedBackhaulCaSwitch-1;
//UL Inter-site CA activation

MOD CAMGTCFG:LocalCellId=0,CellCaAlgoSwitch=CaUl2CCSwitch-1,RelaxedBHCaUlMaxCcNum=2CC;
//Turn on switch of UL CA (cell level)

MOD CAMGTCFG: LOCALCELLID=0, CaUl2CCSwitch-1;
// UL Inter-site CA activation
MOD CAMGTCFG:LocalCellId=0,CellCaAlgoSwitch=CaDl3CCSwitch-1,RelaxedBackhaulCaMaxCcNum=5CC;

Counter Description
Average number of CA UEs in the uplink relaxed-backhaul-based
L.Traffic.User.PCell.UL.RelaxedBackhaulCA.Avg
intereNodeB CA state that treat the local cell as their Pcell
Average number of CA UEs that treat the local cell as their SCell in the
L.Traffic.User.SCell.UL.RelaxedBackhaulCA.Avg
uplink relaxed-backhaul-based inter-eNodeB CA state
Average number of CA UEs in the uplink relaxed-backhaul-based
L.Traffic.User.RelaxedBackhaulCA.SCell.Active.UL.Avg intereNodeB CA state that treat the local cell as their SCell and have the
Scell Activated

2.1

LEOFD-121202 EVS Rate Control
Fully Utilize Hearing Ability By EVS Enable FHD Voice With EVS
CD Music Level
MOS
Hearing Ability 4.5G 4G 2/3G
4.5
EVS AMR-WB AMR-NB EVS
20 Hz 4
50 Hz 50 Hz
300 Hz AMR-WB
9.6kbps 24.4kbps
3400 Hz
12.65kbps 23.85kbps
7K Hz Code Rate
* 3GPP EVS Characterization Test Result: Mixed / Music, P.800 DCR
test methodology
20K Hz 20K Hz
*EVS: Enhanced Voice Service (3GPP R12 Voice Codec) Samsung S7 Sharp Zeta Sony Xperia Snapdragon 820

High EVS Codec High EVS Codec High EVS Codec Low EVS Codec
VoLTE User
VoLTE User
VoLTE User under poor
coverage like indoor
 When VoLTE user is in weak coverage areas, the QoS is not satisfied because of the high code rate.
 The purpose of EVS Rate Control is to improve uplink coverage and voice quality by adjusting the
code rate for VoLTE users supporting multiple EVS codec. For example, use higher code rate under
cell center, and use lower code rate under cell edge.

Description
 Voice rate adjustment is controlled by the CellAlgoSwitch.UlAmrcMode
Initial: EVS-SWB 13.2K 1
UE in the Center 2 EVS Rate Adjust

Determination
RTP: CMR = 24.4K 3
New :EVS-SWB 24.4K 4
Rates available: 24.4k, 13.2k, 9.6k

Description
 The coding rate increases if the following conditions are both met:
 The TBS of the UE is greater than TbsUpTh.
 The UL packet loss rate for services with a QCI of 1 is less than
VoiceAmrControl.PlrThdForIncreasingAmr for two consecutive times.
 The coding rate will be decreased if the following conditions are both met:
 The TBS of the UE is less than TbsDownTh.
 The uplink packet loss rate for services with a QCI of 1 is greater than
VoiceAmrControl.PlrThdForDecreasingAmrless for two consecutive times.
TbsUpTh and TbsDownTh are automatically calculated based on VoiceAmrControl.RsnThdForIncreasingAmr and

VoiceAmrControl.RsnThdForDecreasingAmr respectively.

• LOFD-111207 VoLTE Rate Control: The uplink adaptive AMR/EVS rate adjustment function provided by the EVS Rate Control
feature requires VoLTE Rate Control.
• LBFD-081103 Terminal Awareness Differentiation: The UE whitelist and blacklist function provided by EVS Rate Control
requires Terminal Awareness Differentiation.
• LOFD-001008 Ultra High Speed Mobility: In an ultra-high-speed cell where the channel conditions change rapidly, enabling
the Voice Rate Control feature causes frequent rate adjustments, reducing voice quality
• LOFD-001007 High Speed Mobility In a high-speed cell where the channel conditions change rapidly, enabling the Voice Rate
Control feature causes frequent rate adjustments, reducing voice quality.
Impacted Features
• None

Network Impact
Network performance
When the uplink channel quality is favorable, using a high EVS coding rate increases the MOS by 0.2 to
0.5.
When the uplink channel quality is unfavorable, using a low voice coding rate decreases the uplink
packet loss rate by 0% to 20% and improves uplink voice coverage by 0.5 dB to 1 dB.
The impact on the throughput, data rate, and transmission delay varies depending on scenarios:
 If the voice coding rate of a majority of voice services is increased, more PDCCH CCE and PRB
resources will be consumed, which may slightly reduce the throughput and data rate of data services,
and increase the transmission delay.
 If the voice coding rate of a majority of voice services is reduced, less PDCCH CCE and PRB resources
will be consumed, which may slightly increase the throughput and data rate of data services, and
reduce the transmission delay.

When to use
Same type of scenarios as for TTI bundling

 Sites with a great number of voice users
 High uplink packet loss rate
 Cells with a high packet loss rate of VoLTE-service users at the cell edge
 Cells with strong uplink interference
VoLTE services are enabled in the uplink in weak coverage areas, such as rural, suburban, and indoor
deep coverage areas

Dependencies
EVS rate control does not take effect in the following scenarios:
• UEs doesn’t support VoLTE and EVS codec.
• EPC doesn’t support IMS-based voice services.
• The voice coding format is not EVS-SWB.
• RTP packets are encrypted.
• The number of rates in both the rate set supported by UEs, and the configured rate set is less than or equal
to 1.
• If another network node is performing rate adjustment, the CellUlSchAlgo.RateCtrlCmrProcessStrategy
parameter controls whether this feature takes effect as follows:
o The value BASIC_STRATEGY indicates that the eNodeB does not perform rate adjustment.
o The value ADAPTIVE_STRATEGY indicates that the eNodeB can perform rate adjustment only when the
target rate provided by the eNodeB is lower than that provided by the other node.
• The UE does not respond to the rate adjustment request, and therefore the rate adjustment fails.
• if the IMS encrypts signaling messages, rate adjustment will fail.

Parameters
This parameter specifies the parameter group ID used for voice AMR control. A parameter group for voice AMR
VoiceAmrCtrlParaGroupId
control consists of one high coding mode and one low AMR coding mode.
HighAmrCodingMode This parameter specifies the high coding mode in the group specified by VoiceAmrControl.AmrGroupId.
LowAmrCodingMode This parameter specifies the low coding mode in the group specified by VoiceAmrControl.AmrGroupId.
If the uplink QCI 1 packet loss rate is greater than the threshold and the TBS meets the rate reduction conditions, rate
PlrThdForDecreasingAmr
reduction is triggered.
If the uplink QCI 1 packet loss rate is less than the threshold and the TBS meets the rate increase conditions, the rate
PlrThdForIncreasingAmr
is increased (Def 2).
RsnThdForDecreasingAmr This parameter is used to calculate the TBS threshold for reducing the uplink data rate of voice services (Def 14).
RsnThdForIncreasingAmr This parameter is used to calculate the TBS threshold for increasing the uplink data rate of voice services (Def 5).
BlkLstCtrlSwitch Disable VoLTE Rate Control for blacklisted Ues (UL_EVSC_SWITCH_OFF)
WhiteLstCtrlSwitch Enable VoLTE Rate Control for whitelisted Ues (UL_EVSC_SWITCH_ON)
Indicates whether the local end performs rate adjustment when the eNodeB detects that other NEsperform rate
adjustment. When this parameter is set to BASIC_STRATEGY, the local end does not perform rate adjustment when
RateCtrlCmrProcessStrat
the eNodeB detects that other NEs perform rate adjustment. When this parameter is set to ADAPTIVE_STRATEGY, the
egy
local end performs rate adjustment when the eNodeB detects that other Nes perform rate adjustment. However, the
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,target
LTD. adjusted rate must be lower
Huawei
thanConfidential Pageof136
or equal to the expected adjusted rate other NEs.
Parameters
ULAMRC_OFF: indicates that VoLTE Rate Control is disabled.
ULAMRC_ENB_CONTROL: indicates that the eNodeB adjusts the uplink AMR-NB/AMRWB rate for voice
services.
ULAMRC_SBC_CONTROL: indicates that the eNodeB requests the SBC of the CN to adjust the uplink AMR-
UlAmrcMode NB/AMR-WB rate for voice services.
ULEVSC_ENB_CONTROL: specifies
whether the eNodeB adjusts the uplink EVSSWB rate for VoLTE services.
ADAPTIVE_ENB_CONTROL: specifies whether the eNodeB adjusts the uplink AMRNB/ AMR-WB/EVS-SWB
rate for VoLTE services.
If the option is selected, the adjusted coding rate can exceed the initial coding rate of this call.
UlAmrcExceedingInitialSw If the option is deselected, the adjusted coding rate cannot exceed the initial coding rate of this call.
It is recommended that this option be deselected when PDCCH resources are limited
If the option is selected, the voice rate cannot be adjusted before the rate set required by a session is
UlAmrCheckSw obtained. If the option is deselected, the voice rate can be adjusted before the rate set required by a
session is obtained. It is recommended that this option be selected.
If the option is selected, counters related to the distribution of voice coding modes are measured.
VoiceCodingModeMeasSw If the option is deselected, counters related to the distribution of voice coding modes are not measured.
Select this option when you need to monitor the changes in the distribution of voice coding modes.
Activation
//Activating Voice AMR control and configuring groups
MOD CELLALGOSWITCH: LocalCellId=0,UlAmrcMode=ADAPTIVE_ENB_CONTROL,AmrcAlgoSwitch=UlAmrcExceedingInitia
lSw-1&UlAmrCheckSw-1&VoiceCodingModeMeasSw-1&UlEvsExceedingInitialSw-1;
[…]
ADD VOICEAMRCONTROL:
LocalCellId=0,VoiceAmrCtrlParaGroupId=4,HighAmrCodingMode=EVS_SWB_24_4kbps,
LowAmrCodingMode=EVS_SWB_13_2kbps, PlrThdForDecreasingAmr=6,
PlrThdForIncreasingAmr=2, RsnThdForDecreasingAmr=14, RsnThdForIncreasingAmr=5;
ADD VOICEAMRCONTROL: LocalCellId=0,VoiceAmrCtrlParaGroupId=5,HighAmrCodingMode=
EVS_SWB_13_2kbps, LowAmrCodingMode=EVS_SWB_9_6kbps, PlrThdForDecreasingAmr=16,
PlrThdForIncreasingAmr=2, RsnThdForDecreasingAmr=14, RsnThdForIncreasingAmr=5;
ADD UECOMPAT: Index=1, UeInfoType=IMEISV_TAC, ImeisvTac=2, BlkLstCtrlSwitch=UL_AMRC_SWITCH_OFF-

1&UL_EVSC_SWITCH_OFF-1, WhiteLstCtrlSwitch=UL_AMRC_SWITCH_ON-0&UL_EVSC_SWITCH_ON-0;

EVS Rate Control is enabled if the values of any of the following counters is not 0:

 Packet Loss Rate Counters for QCI1.
 Voice Quality Counters (L.Voice.VQI…)
 Number of Times the Uplink Speech Coding Rate Changes
 Speech Coding Scheme Distribution

Terminal Dependancy
 Huawei terminal:
 2017H1，P10/P10 PLUS to be confirmed.
 2017H2，Flagship product (MATE) to be confirmed.
 The EVS default format is Header-Full Format（with CMR）which can support EVS rate control.
 Samsung terminal:
 The korean version of Samsung S7 can support EVS, but the EVS default format is Compact Format (no CMR), which
can not supporte EVS rate control. Whether to support other formats is unclear.
 Apple terminal:
 Commercial plan is unclear.
EVS Format：
Compact Format（no CMR）;
Huawei can provide MOP in order to confirm the Header-Full Format（no CMR）;
Header-Full Format（with CMR）;
capability of the phone can support EVS rate control
2.1

LEOFD-110301 DL 256QAM (Enh.)
Description
 3GPP Release 12 introduces DL 256 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), which is a high-
order modulation scheme.
 As a supplement to the existing modulation schemes (QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM), 256QAM is
used to improve UE transmission rates when radio conditions are good.
 DL 256QAM allows the modulation of eight bits per symbol, supporting a large transport block size
(TBS). In theory, DL 256QAM improves peak spectral efficiency by 33% compared with 64QAM.
Benefits
 DL 256QAM improves downlink spectral efficiency (by up to 30%) and throughput mainly for users
near the cell center.
 The feature benefits vary with radio channel quality, RF error vector magnitude (EVM), and UE
EVM.

• None
• None
Impacted Features
• LEOFD-111305 Virtual 4T4R The DL 256QAM accessory algorithm must be disabled if the
Virtual4T4RSwitch(Virtual4T4RSwitch) option of the CellAlgoSwitch.EmimoSwitch parameter is selected.
64QAM 256QAM

Dependencies
The eNodeB model must be 3900 series, BTS3911E, BTS3912E or DBS3900 LampSite.
The baseband processing unit must not be LBBPc. If LBBPd boards are used, note that:
 Because 256QAM needs more resources. So if user number raise and include 256QAM user, the non-
256QAM users data throughput will decrease a little in LBBPd. There is no impact if cell users load is
low or no 256QAM users in cell.
 The specification of downlink peak throughput of the cell allocated in LBBPd is 300Mbps. This means in
20MHz bandwidth with 4x4 MIMO cells allocated in LBBPd, user peak throughput is up to 300Mbps.
Even 256QAM is activated (theoretical peak throughput 390Mbps), it is limited by hardware
specification.
 The DL 256QAM accessory algorithm is not supported.
 The eNodeB must be equipped with RF modules for which V3, V6, or KUNLUN is displayed in the Description
field of the DSP BRDMFRINFO command output, for example, RRU3952 and RRU3959
 In addition, to enable the DL 256QAM accessory algorithm, each RF module must be configured to work for LTE
FDD only, with a single carrier, and at its rated power.
 UEs must be of categories 11 to 14, comply with 3GPP Release 12, and support the DL 256QAM modulation
scheme.
Parameters
The following table describes the parameter that must be set in the CellAlgoSwitch MO.
The following table describes the parameters that must be set in the CellDlschAlgo MO.

Activation
1. Run the MOD CELLALGOSWITCH command with the Dl256QamSwitch option selected
under the DL 256QAM Algorithm Switch parameter.
2. Run the MOD CELLDLSCHALGO command to set DL 256QAM CQI Table Configure Strategy.
3. (Optional) If DL 256QAM CQI Table Configure Strategy is set to ADAPTIVE_CONFIG, run the
MOD CELLDLSCHALGO command to set the DL 256QAM CQI Table Adaptive Period
parameter.
MML Command Examples

//Activating DL 256QAMMOD CELLALGOSWITCH: LOCALCELLID=0,
DL256QAMALGOSWITCH=Dl256QamSwitch-1;
//Setting the table configuration strategy to adaptive configurationMOD CELLDLSCHALGO:

LOCALCELLID=0, DL256QAMCQITBLCFGSTRATEGY=ADAPTIVE_CONFIG;
//Setting the table adaptive period to 10sMOD CELLDLSCHALGO: LOCALCELLID=0,

DL256QAMCQITBLADPPERIOD=10;

Counters


Thank You
THANK YOU
www.huawei.com
Copyright©2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved.

The information contained in this document is for reference purpose only, and is subject to change or withdrawal according to specific customer
requirements and conditions.

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Deep Dive Selected Features

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 2

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 3

• 3D Beamforming • NB-IoT • Cloud Air

 Density area : capacity +100%  Massive Connections: 72K/cell

 Inter-band: DL Cell THP +20% • LiTRA

VoLTE as basic service WTTx/MBB one network

• CA everywhere  Quality: CD Level voice

 IPRAN UL 2CC/DL 5CC  Reliability: No Drop • Basic performance

Massive VoLTE HD Video Massive CA WTTx High THP

Go Giga Go Vertical Go Cloud

Intra-site Downlink CA Intra-site Uplink CA

Inter-site IPRAN DL CA Inter-site IPRAN UL CA

1 Coverage 2 Quality 3 Reliability

1 Coverage 2 Initial Buffering 3 Speed

+10% +15% +30%

• eRAN12.1 Downlink • eRAN12.1 Uplink • Turbo Receiver

VoLTE Plus eTTIB Extend VoLTE coverage by 0.5dB

Field Solution Feature Description Benefits

Uplink Coordinated Scheduling UL user perceived throughput improved by 5~30%

Go Vertical LiTRA IOPS Improve the reliability of PTT System

Support GL flexible bandwidth allocation, maximize

Deep Dive Selected Features

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 14

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 15

Description PDCP PDCP Discard Timer

eNodeB Reordering timer

 eNB sets optimized PDCP, RLC, and HARQ parameters,

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 16

RRC Connection Reconfiguration Complete

RRC Connection Reconfiguration Complete

 When QCI1 is setup.

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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 20

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 21

The Uu-interface transmission delay for voice packets increases.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 22

Same type of scenarios as for TTI bundling

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 23

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 24

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 25

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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 27

CEU performing video services

3dB Bottleneck for Video on UL Coverage

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 28

Video-Timestamp Saving Video-TTI Bundling Video-IPRAN UL CoMP

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 29

Description: TTI Bundling

ACK/NACK Retransmission ACK/NACK

RV-0 RV-2 RV-3 RV-1

Normal HARQ RTT

Redundancy HARQ RTT

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 30

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 31

Description: Timestamp Removal

Source port Destination port

Checksum Urgent pointer

 As defined in RFC1323, a TCP packet contains a 12-byte timestamp option.