Halliburton Cementing Presentation

GSS CEMENTING WORKSHOP
In-Amenas, July 2017

Algeria Cementing Team
© 2016 Halliburton. All rights reserved.

CEMENTING EVALUATION
Nestor Paton
BD / Technical Manager

AGENDA
• Value Moment
• Introduction
• Basic Cementing
• Lab testing
• Engineered Cement Systems
• Challenges
• Industry Challenges and Best Practices
• Factors affecting Cement Evaluation
• Is CBL/VDL the appropriate tool to evaluate
Tuned Light cement?
• Considerations to properly evaluate cement
© 2016 Halliburton. All rights reserved. 3

VALUE MOMENT – ACCURATE INSTRUCTIONS

GSS “Standard” String Configuration
13 3/8”
Surface Casing
@ 300m
9-5/8”
Intermediate Casing
@ 1250m
7” Casing
@ 1350m

Casing Cement Job Overview - Surface Release
 Basic System
 Cement Head
 Cement Wiper Plugs
 Casing
 Centralisers
 Float Collar
 Float Shoe

 Spacer Pumped Ahead

 Minimise contamination of cement
with incompatible fluids
 Aid mud displacement
 Water wet formation & casing
 Aid clean-up

 Bottom Plug Released

 Wipes Mud Sheath From Casing ID
 Provides further separation of
incompatible fluids
 Pump Lead Cement

 Lower density = <ECD

 Pump Tail Slurry

 Increased density provides improved
compressive strength for shoe
 Release Top Plug

 Provides pressure indication when
landing on float collar
 Fluid separation

 Pump Displacement
 Fluids typically displaced with mud
 Land Bottom Plug

 Lands on float collar
 Shear Bottom Plug

 Rupture disc in bottom plug shears
and allows fluids bypass

 Land Top Plug (Plug bump)

 Top plug lands on collar and gives
pressure indication on surface
 End Job
 Pressure bled off and floats stop
cement u-tubing back.
 Wait On Cement

The Challenge…..
• Conductor
• Surface
• Intermediate
• Drilling and Production

Liners
 Permeable Zones
 Overpressurized or
Depleted Zones (Pore &
Frac Gradient concerns)
 Well Control
 Pipe Design
 Evaluating results …..
CBL?

Testing: Thickening Time

Testing: Compressive Strength

Testing: BP Settling test
Slurry stability (free water and

sedimentation)
 The specification should be zero

settling and zero free water for any
test method applied.

Testing: Static Gel Strength
 Zero Gel Time (ZGT): values less than 100 lb/100 sqft
 Transition Time: values between 100-500 lb/100 sqft

Hydrostatic Pressure Loss
Cement Cement Cement Cement

Fluid Gels Sets Hardens
Hydrostatic Pressure
Overbalance
Pressure
Formation Gas Pressure
Time
Gas Channel Formation
 Cement slurry placed

 Slurry behaves as a
Permeable
fluid Zone
 Transmits full
hydrostatic pressure
Gas Zone

 Static gel strength

development begins
 Fluid loss to formations
 Volume reduction
causes pressure loss Filtrate
Loss

 Overbalance Pressure is
lost
 Fluid loss continues in
lower pressure zone Fluid
 Gas enters wellbore and Loss
percolates up annulus
Gas
Entry

 Percolation leads to gas

channel formation
 Permanent channel left
after cement sets
Gas
Channel

Gas Migration Through Unset Cement
 Laboratory testing was

conducted with SGS
effects and fluid loss
simulation
 Channels were found in
set
samples of cement
slurries in
which gas migration
occurred

Engineered Cement Systems

Engineered Solutions
Expansive Cement
• 1-2% expansion
• 100-250 microns


WellLife 765
WellLife 734
WellLife 684
WellLife 594


28 28
WellLock® Resin System
 High pressure seal (1,000 psi/ft)

 Chemically resistant (acid/CO2)
 Withstands contamination (overcomes inefficient mud
displacement)
 Increased elasticity
(up to 20%)
 Compressive
strength
(5 to 15 kpsi)
 No yield point as a liquid
 Drillable

LockCem™ Cement System – Mechanical Properties
 Increased compressive
strength
 Reduced Young’s
modulus
100% Cement 95:05 75:25 50:50 25:75 05:95 100% Resin

LockCem™ Cement – Morphology
EXTERIOR SURFACE BULK FRACTURE
20% RESIN BY VOLUME

LockCem™ Cement – Morphology
EXTERIOR SURFACE BULK FRACTURE
30% RESIN BY VOLUME

What is NeoCem™ Cement?
 Density, Morphology, Surface Reactivity, Compositional

Chemistry

NeoCem™ Cement – Unique Mechanical Properties
NeoCem™
Compressive Strength
Slurry
(13.0 ppg)
Conventional
Slurry
(14.2 ppg)
Case Study
Compressive Strength
Young’s Modulus
30% Improvement
Ductility

NeoCem™ Cement – Young’s Modulus & Compressive
Strength
Low-Portland Alternative Performance Comparison to Conventional Cement
14.2 ppg – Conventional 14.2 ppg – Conventional

13.0 ppg – NeoCem™ Cement 13.0 ppg – NeoCem™ Cement
1.2 3,500
1.0 3,000
Compressive Strength (psi)

Young’s Modulus (Mpsi)
2,500
0.8
2,000
0.6
1,500
0.4
1,000
0.2
500
0.0 0
Young’s Modulus Comparison Compressive Strength Comparison

NeoCem™ Cement – Permeability Test
Low-Portland Alternative Performance Comparison to Conventional Cement
14.2 ppg – Conventional

13.0 ppg – NeoCem™ Cement
1.2
1.0
Microdarcy (µd)
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Permeability Test Comparison

Industry Challenge

Challenge
18 wells were cemented so far with Groupement Sonatrach Sinopec
(GSS). Some of the logs did not meet customer satisfaction as the
quality of the CBL/VDL logs for the intermediate section (9 5/8
Casing), shown medium to poor bonding, specially along the first 500
m.
Well was cemented using a light weight cement slurry (Tuned Light)
as lead to cover weak formation Carbonifere "B", "D" and Devonien "
F2 "
Cement bond evaluations were done using conventional CBL/VDL.
Typical Design, ZR-280:

TD at 1321 m
Lead Slurry, Surface density 1.28 SG, Down hole density 1.32 SG
TOC at Surface
Tail Slurry: 1.90 SG
HOC at 200 m
Industry Best Practices
 Top Five:
 Condition the drilling fluid
 Use spacers and flushes
 Move the pipe
 Centralise the casing
 Maximise the displacement
rate

Factors affecting Cement Evaluation
1. Condition Drilling Fluid

• Two bottoms up
• Increase circulation rate
2. Use Spacer and Flushes
• Mechanical Spacer
• Chem wash added recently
3. Move the pipe
• Review if possible
4. Centralize the casing
• Improvement is needed in addition to correct centralizers
specs. Cannot expect to have good cement i the overlap
section with 1 centralizer every 5 joints
5. Maximize displacement rate
• 1,400 l/m for pre-job circulation
• 1,000 l/m for displacement

Centralization
 Considering calipered hole without any excess

Cement evaluation
• Evaluation starts with the cement job itself.
• ECDs design vs actual
• Pumping pressures
• Density control
• Fluids Volumes
• Final pump pressure
• Top Plug bumped
• Floats were holding
• Notes from execution
• Samples at surface were hard after 12 hrs
• From pumping unit
• From cement returns, same density as designed
• No losses reported
• No NPTs
Question regarding deviations to the cementing program need to be

addressed properly if any
Job Chart – ENF 31, ZR268

Other factors affecting cement evaluation
Nature of the design
 Tuned Light cement slurry designs containing Hollow
microsphere material which can be very difficult to evaluate. As
lower is the density requirement, the amount/percentage of
hollow microspheres to be added increases, making it worst for
logging tool to recognize cement from mud or gas.

Is CBL/VDL the appropriate tool to evaluate Tuned
Light cement?
• Because of the nature of Tuned light cement slurries,

conventional interpretation methods and techniques
cannot be used to evaluate cement jobs.
• Proper understanding of what should be expected from a
Tuned Light cement slurry and how it differs from
conventional cement is needed.
• Special data analysis techniques must be implemented
to evaluate it.
• Amplitude and acoustic-impedance tools are
recommended to best evaluate this kind of cement.

CBL Amplitude
• Typical amplitude values one would look for on the
amplitude log from a CBL would be in the range of less
than 10 mv to indicate excellent bonding of cement to
the pipe. For Tuned Light cement, however, this amount
of dampening of the signal is not always possible,
normal values expected are in the range from 20 to
30mv
• Please refer to SPE paper SPE 55649 “Assessment of
Foamed - Cement Slurries Using Conventional Cement
Evaluation Logs”

CBL/VDL – Well: ZR-280

CBL/VDL – Well: ZR-268

Considerations to properly cement evaluation:
 Utilize transit time from UCA test to calculate cement

impedance value
 Proper tool calibration
 Run ultra sonic logs to have a better evaluation for
Tuned light slurries
 Do not pressure test the casing prior to logging.
 Apply pressure while logging the well to eliminate micro
annulus
 Review primary cementing job details

SECOND PART 17/07/2017

Industry Challenge

Best Practices
 Top 5:
 Condicionar el fluido de
Perforación
 Utilizar espaciadores y
lavadores
 Mover la Tubería
 Centralizar la Tubería
 Maximizar el caudal de
desplazamiento

Flow types
TURBULENT LAMINAR

9-5/8in Casing in 12-1/4in – 55%
Standoff

Centralization - Standoff
Surface
Drilling
Mud
Mud
Channel
Interface
Spacer or
Cement
255 m
 Standoff
© 2016 Halliburton. All rights reserved. 30% 55
70%
Mud cut
Depth of Interest
30% 70%

Mud Cut
Expected
TOC
Standoff  30% 70%

Spacer Volume
Mud cut
255 m
25 bbl 40 bbl
W/o
Rotation
Mud
Channel
Interface
20 RPM Spacer or
Cement

Conventional Cement

Conventional Cement
Catastrophic Conventional Cement Failure

Elastic Cement Sheath

Expansion
LifeCem™ Cement
• 1-2% expansion
• 100-250 microns

Expansive Systems
SUPER CBL

Super CBL
 Expansion Properties under

Pressure (11,000psi) and
Downhole Temperature


Halliburton Cementing Presentation

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GSS CEMENTING WORKSHOP

In-Amenas, July 2017

© 2016 Halliburton. All rights reserved.

© 2016 Halliburton. All rights reserved.

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 Spacer Pumped Ahead

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 Bottom Plug Released

 Pump Lead Cement

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 Pump Tail Slurry

 Release Top Plug

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 Land Bottom Plug

 Shear Bottom Plug

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 Land Top Plug (Plug bump)

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• Drilling and Production

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Slurry stability (free water and

 The specification should be zero

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Cement Cement Cement Cement

 Cement slurry placed

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 Static gel strength

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 Percolation leads to gas

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 Laboratory testing was

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 High pressure seal (1,000 psi/ft)

© 2016 Halliburton. All rights reserved. 29

100% Cement 95:05 75:25 50:50 25:75 05:95 100% Resin

EXTERIOR SURFACE BULK FRACTURE

20% RESIN BY VOLUME

© 2016 Halliburton. All rights reserved. 31

EXTERIOR SURFACE BULK FRACTURE

30% RESIN BY VOLUME

© 2016 Halliburton. All rights reserved. 32

 Density, Morphology, Surface Reactivity, Compositional

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14.2 ppg – Conventional 14.2 ppg – Conventional

Compressive Strength (psi)

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Low-Portland Alternative Performance Comparison to Conventional Cement

14.2 ppg – Conventional

© 2016 Halliburton. All rights reserved. 36

© 2016 Halliburton. All rights reserved. 37

Cement bond evaluations were done using conventional CBL/VDL.