05 Appendix C - Particular Technical Requirements

KURDISTAN REGIONAL GOVERNMENT
Ministry of Electricity
KRG-KRG/EMS-00-2014-Debaga
Section 8
MOBILE SUBSTATIONS
PARTICULAR TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
Section 8 Particular Technical Requirements Page 1 of 57

Contents
1 POWER TRANSFORMERS ........................................................................................ 6

1.1 Design .................................................................................................................. 6
1.1(a) General.......................................................................................................... 6
1.1(b) Harmonic Suppression................................................................................... 6
1.1(c) Loading ......................................................................................................... 6
1.2 Magnetic Core and Windings ................................................................................ 6
1.2(a) Magnetic Core ............................................................................................... 6
1.2(b) Flux Density .................................................................................................. 6
1.2(c) Windings ....................................................................................................... 6
1.2(d) Internal Earthing............................................................................................ 7
1.3 Tanks and Ancillary Equipment ............................................................................ 7
1.3(a) Transformer Tanks ........................................................................................ 7
1.3(b) Conservator Tank .......................................................................................... 8
1.3(c) Oil Valves and Location ................................................................................ 8
1.3(d) Oil and Gas Sampling Devices ...................................................................... 9
1.3(e) Oil Filtration and Vacuum Processing ........................................................... 9
1.3(f) Lifting Lugs, Jacking Pads and Hauling Eyes ................................................ 9
1.3(g) Joints and Gaskets ....................................................................................... 10
1.3(h) Earthing Terminals ...................................................................................... 10
1.3(i) Surface Treatment ....................................................................................... 10
1.4 Protection and Indication Equipment ................................................................... 10
1.4(a) Buchholz Relay ........................................................................................... 10
1.4(b) Tap Changer Protection Relay ..................................................................... 10
1.4(c) Pressure Relief Devices ............................................................................... 11
1.4(d) Temperature Indicating, Control Alarm and Trip Devices ............................ 11
1.4(e) Breathers ..................................................................................................... 12
1.5 On Load Tap Changer (OLTC) ........................................................................... 12
1.5(a) General........................................................................................................ 12
1.5(b) Drive Mechanism ........................................................................................ 12
1.5(c) Local and Remote Control ........................................................................... 12
1.5(d) Indications ................................................................................................... 13
1.5(e) Tap Changer Mechanism Box ..................................................................... 14
1.6 Cooling Equipment ............................................................................................. 14
1.6(a) General........................................................................................................ 14
1.6(b) Radiators ..................................................................................................... 15
1.6(c) Fans ............................................................................................................ 15
1.6(d) Fan Control ................................................................................................. 15
1.6(e) Fan Control Box .......................................................................................... 16
1.7 Terminals and Connection Arrangement ............................................................. 16
1.7(a) General........................................................................................................ 16
1.7(b) Bushings ..................................................................................................... 16
1.7(c) 33 kV and 11 kV Cable Boxes ..................................................................... 16
1.7(d) Disconnecting Arrangement ........................................................................ 17
1.7(e) Terminal Marking ....................................................................................... 17
1.8 Labels and Rating Plates ..................................................................................... 17
1.9 Noise Level ......................................................................................................... 17
1.10 Tests ................................................................................................................... 18
1.10(a) Type Tests ................................................................................................... 18
1.10(b) Routine and Factory Tests ........................................................................... 18
1.10(c) Tests at Site ................................................................................................. 18
1.11 Loss Evaluation .................................................................................................. 19
2 OUTDOOR 132 KV SWITCHGEAR ......................................................................... 19
2.1 Design ................................................................................................................ 19
2.2 Circuit Breakers .................................................................................................. 20
2.2(a) General........................................................................................................ 20
2.2(b) Operating Mechanisms ................................................................................ 20
2.3 132 kV Disconnectors and Earthing Devices ....................................................... 21
2.3(a) General........................................................................................................ 21
2.4 Voltage Transformers.......................................................................................... 22
2.4(a) General........................................................................................................ 22
2.5 Current Transformers .......................................................................................... 22
2.5(a) General........................................................................................................ 22
2.6 Surge Arresters ................................................................................................... 23
2.6(a) General........................................................................................................ 23
2.6(b) Surge Counters ............................................................................................ 23
2.7 Busbars and Connections .................................................................................... 23
3 33 KV AND 11 KV INDOOR SWITCHGEAR .......................................................... 24
3.1 Medium Voltage Panels ...................................................................................... 24
3.1(a) General........................................................................................................ 24
3.1(b) Design ......................................................................................................... 24
3.1(c) Interlocking ................................................................................................. 25
3.2 33 kV and 11 kV Circuit Breakers....................................................................... 26
3.2(a) General........................................................................................................ 26
3.2(b) Vacuum Type Circuit Breakers.................................................................... 26
3.2(c) SF6 Circuit Breakers ................................................................................... 26
3.2(d) Operating Mechanisms ................................................................................ 26
3.3 33 kV and 11 kV Earthing Switches .................................................................... 27
3.4 33 kV and 11 kV Voltage Transformers .............................................................. 27
3.5 33 kV and 11 kV Current Transformers............................................................... 28
3.6 Capacitive Voltage Indicators ............................................................................. 28
4 NEUTRAL POINT EARTHING EQUIPMENT ......................................................... 28
4.1 General ............................................................................................................... 28
4.2 Earthing of 132 kV Neutral Point ........................................................................ 28
4.2(a) 80 kV Single Pole Disconnector .................................................................. 28
4.2(b) 80 kV Surge Arrester................................................................................... 28
4.2(c) Current Transformer for earth fault relays.................................................... 29
5 AUXILIARY AND EARTHING TRANSFORMERS ................................................ 29
5.1 General ............................................................................................................... 29
5.2 Technical Requirements ...................................................................................... 29
5.3 Tests ................................................................................................................... 29
6 POWER CABLES ...................................................................................................... 29
6.1 General ............................................................................................................... 29
6.1(a) Cable Construction ...................................................................................... 30
6.1(b) MV Cable Terminations .............................................................................. 30
7 STEEL STRUCTURES AND FOUNDATION DESIGN ........................................... 31
7.1 General ............................................................................................................... 31
7.2 Load Combinations ............................................................................................. 32
7.3 Foundations for Gantry Structures....................................................................... 32
8 LV AC EQUIPMENT ................................................................................................ 33
8.1 LV AC Distribution Panels ................................................................................. 33
9 DC SYSTEMS ........................................................................................................... 34
9.1 General ............................................................................................................... 34
9.2 Batteries 110 V DC ............................................................................................. 34
9.2(a) Battery Type and Capacity .......................................................................... 34
9.3 Batteries 48 V DC ............................................................................................... 34
9.3(a) Battery Type and Capacity .......................................................................... 34
9.3(b) Battery Construction.................................................................................... 34
9.3(c) Battery Spares ............................................................................................. 35
9.4 Battery Charger ................................................................................................... 36
9.4(a) General........................................................................................................ 36
9.4(b) Controls and Indications .............................................................................. 36
9.5 DC Distribution Board ........................................................................................ 37
10 CONTROL AND INDICATION ................................................................................ 38
10.1 General ............................................................................................................... 38
10.1(a) Design ......................................................................................................... 38
10.1(b) Testing ........................................................................................................ 38
10.2 Point of Control .................................................................................................. 38
10.3 Mimic Panel........................................................................................................ 38
10.4 SCADA System Interface ................................................................................... 39
10.4(a) General........................................................................................................ 39
10.4(b) SCADA Interface Panel............................................................................... 39
10.5 Transducers......................................................................................................... 39
10.6 Alarm Annunciation ............................................................................................ 40
10.6(a) Location ...................................................................................................... 40
10.6(b) Power Supply .............................................................................................. 40
10.6(c) Alarm Annunciator Units ............................................................................ 40
10.6(d) Substation Audible Alarm ........................................................................... 40
10.7 Metering ............................................................................................................. 41
10.7(a) General........................................................................................................ 41
10.7(b) Energy Meters ............................................................................................. 41
10.8 Control and Indication Facilities.......................................................................... 41
10.9 Alarm Facilities................................................................................................... 43
11 SUBSTATION PROTECTION .................................................................................. 47
11.1 General ............................................................................................................... 47
11.1(a) Relay Location ............................................................................................ 47
11.1(b) Protection Relays ........................................................................................ 47
11.1(c) DC Power Supplies ..................................................................................... 47
11.1(d) Fault Clearance Time. ................................................................................. 47
11.1(e) Protection Settings....................................................................................... 48
11.2 Relay Requirements ............................................................................................ 48
11.2(a) 132 kV Equipment ...................................................................................... 48
11.2(b) 33 kV Equipment ........................................................................................ 48
11.2(c) 11 kV Equipment ........................................................................................ 49
11.3 Over current and Earth Fault Protection .............................................................. 49
11.4 Circuit Breaker Failure Protection ....................................................................... 49
11.5 Automatic Reclose .............................................................................................. 49
11.6 Trip Circuit Supervision ...................................................................................... 50
11.7 Transformer Differential Protection..................................................................... 50
11.8 Under frequency Load Shed ................................................................................ 50
11.9 Neutral Point Displacement/Back-up Earth fault ................................................. 50
11.10 Voltage Transformer Supervision ........................................................................ 50
11.11 Trip Relays ......................................................................................................... 50
12 EARTHING AND LIGHTNING PROTECTION ....................................................... 51
12.1 Earthing .............................................................................................................. 51
12.1(a) Jointing and Bonding ................................................................................... 51
12.1(b) Tests at Site ................................................................................................. 52
12.2 Lightning Protection ........................................................................................... 52
13 HOUSING FOR SWITCHGEAR AND PANELS ...................................................... 52
13.1 General ............................................................................................................... 52
13.2 Technical Specifications ..................................................................................... 52
13.2(a) Metal Work ................................................................................................. 52
13.2(b) Painting ....................................................................................................... 53
13.2(c) Cable Entry ................................................................................................. 53
13.2(d) Housing Drainage ........................................................................................ 53
13.2(e) Air-Conditioning and Heating ..................................................................... 53
14 TRAILERS ................................................................................................................. 53
14.1 General ............................................................................................................... 53
14.2 Trailer Specification ............................................................................................ 54
15 LIGHTING AND LV AC POWER SUPPLY ............................................................. 54
15.1 General ............................................................................................................... 54
15.2 Lighting .............................................................................................................. 54
15.2(a) Lighting levels............................................................................................. 54
15.2(b) Normal Indoor Lighting General ................................................................. 54
15.2(c) Emergency Indoor Lighting ......................................................................... 55
15.2(d) Outdoor Lighting......................................................................................... 55
15.3 Socket Outlets ..................................................................................................... 55
15.4 Cables and Cables Installation ............................................................................. 55
16 FIRE DETECTION SYSTEM AND PORTABLE EXTINGUISHERS....................... 55
16.1 General ............................................................................................................... 55
16.2 Design of Fire Alarm System .............................................................................. 55
16.3 Portable Fire Extinguishers ................................................................................. 56
17 TRAINING AND FAT ............................................................................................... 56
17.1 Overseas Training ............................................................................................... 56
17.2 Factory Acceptance Testing ................................................................................ 57
17.3 In-Country Training ............................................................................................ 57

1 POWER TRANSFORMERS
1.1 Design
1.1(a) General
The transformers shall be designed for outdoor installation and continuous operation.
The design ratings are given in the equipment list. Transformers shall be designed to
operate continuously at that rating under all the service conditions prevailing at the site.
Power transformers for 132/11kV mobile substations shall be equipped with bushings on
the 132 kV side and air insulated cable boxes on the 33 kV and 11 kV side.
Power transformers for 33/11 kV mobile substations shall be equipped with air insulated
cable boxes on the 33 kV and 11 kV side.
Other technical requirements are provided in General Technical Requirements Chapter 1
“Design Criteria” and the Schedules of Technical Particulars and Guarantees.
Unless otherwise stated the vector group for 132/11 KV transformers shall be YNd11
and for 33/11 kV transformers shall be Dyn11.
1.1(b) Harmonic Suppression
Transformers shall be designed with particular attention to the suppression of harmonic
voltages, especially the third, fifth and seventh harmonics and to minimise the harmful
effects resulting from these.
1.1(c) Loading
All transformers and their component parts, including bushings, tap-changers and
connections, shall be designed for loading above the nameplate conditions in accordance
with IEC 60354. The external transformer feeder circuit shall be designed for this
overload condition.
1.2 Magnetic Core and Windings
1.2(a) Magnetic Core
The magnetic circuit shall be designed to avoid static discharge, development of short
circuit paths internally or to the earthed clamping structure, and the production of flux
components normal to the plane of the laminations.
The magnetic circuit shall be insulated from all structural parts, and shall be capable of
withstanding a test voltage to the core bolts and to the frame of 2.0 kV for 1 minute.
1.2(b) Flux Density
Cores shall be constructed from cold rolled grain oriented steel sheets. The design shall
be such that there will be no adverse effects due to core or stray flux heating with the
quality of steel employed, and when operating under the most onerous conditions
required in IEC 60076, IEC 60354 and IEC 60404-2. The flux density at rated voltage
on principal tap shall not exceed 1.65 Tesla.
1.2(c) Windings
All transformer windings and connecting conductors shall be constructed using copper.
The windings shall be located in a manner that will ensure that they remain electro-

magnetically balanced and that their magnetic centres remain coincident under all
conditions of operation.
Transformer windings shall be able to withstand the shocks that may occur through
rough handling and vibration during transport, switching and other transient service
conditions including external short circuit. The design shall be a proven one on which
the required type tests have been carried out.
1.2(d) Internal Earthing
All metal parts of the transformer with the exception of the individual core laminations,
core bolts and associated individual clamping plates shall be maintained at earth
potential.
The magnetic core shall be earthed to the clamping structure at one point only through a
removable link placed in an accessible position just beneath an inspection opening in the
tank cover. Disconnecting this link will enable the insulation between the core and
clamping arrangement to be tested at voltages up to 2.0 kV. The removable link shall
have adequate cross section to carry the earth fault current. The link shall have no
detachable components and the connection to the link shall be on the same side of the
core as the main earth connection. These requirements are mandatory. All insulating
barriers within the magnetic core shall be bridged by means of aluminium or tinned
copper strips so inserted as to maintain electrical continuity.
1.3 Tanks and Ancillary Equipment
1.3(a) Transformer Tanks
The transformer shall be enclosed in a suitably stiffened welded steel tank such that the
transformer can be lifted and transported without permanent deformation or oil leakage.
The construction shall employ weldable structural steel. The tank shall comprise two oil-
tight compartments, one for the transformer winding and other associated equipment, and
another containing the OLTC diverter.
The base of the transformer shall suit installation on a flat bed semi trailer and the use of
vibration dampers. The transformer shall be provided with clearly marked locations for
fixing jacks. All joints, other than those that may have to be accessed, shall be welded.
Inspection doors and openings shall be provided on the tank to give access to the coils,
OLTC, internal connections of bushings, winding connections and earthing links. It shall
be possible to remove any bushing without removing the tank cover.
Each opening shall be correctly located and must be of ample size for the purpose for
which it is intended. All inspection covers shall be provided with lifting handles.
One pocket shall be provided for a stem type thermometer in addition to those for the
bulbs of temperature indicators where specified. These pockets shall be located in the
position of maximum oil temperature and it shall be possible to remove any bulb without
lowering the oil level in the tank. Captive screwed caps shall be provided to prevent the
ingress of water to the thermometer pockets when they are not in use.
The transformer tank shall be capable of withstanding vacuum and over pressure without
permanent deformation or damage.
A ladder should be permanently attached to the tank to allow access to the top of the
tank. A means of preventing access to the ladder when the transformer is energised must
be provided.

1.3(b) Conservator Tank
The conservator tank shall have two separate oil containing compartments, one for the
main transformer tank and the second for the OLTC tank.
Each conservator oil compartment shall be equipped with its own oil level indicator,
breather, drain and filter valves, air ventilation, removable end plates for inspection and
maintenance and lifting lugs. The conservator of the main tank shall be equipped with a
rubber cell filled with dry air, which isolates the transformer oil space from the ambient
air. Provision shall be made to monitor the integrity of the rubber bag and to give an
electrical alarm when the bag is damaged. The space inside the bag shall be connected to
ambient air through an oil seal type silica gel breather, designed for humid environmental
conditions and mounted not more than 1000m above sea level.
An oil level gauge shall be mounted on the each compartment and positioned to be easily
read from ground level. The normal level at an oil temperature of 20 C shall be
indicated and the minimum and maximum levels shall also be correlated with oil
temperature markings. The temperature markings shall be integral with the level-
indicating device.
1.3(c) Oil Valves and Location
Each transformer shall be fitted with the following valves as a minimum requirement.
All the valves shall be made of brass and have provision for padlocking. There shall be
an arrow marking in the handhold to indicate the OPEN/CLOSE position.
A - Main Tank
One 50 mm nominal bore gate valve for oil treatment (oil inlet) near to the top of
the tank.
One 50 mm nominal bore gate valve for oil treatment (oil outlet) near to the bottom
of the tank, located diagonally opposite to the oil inlet valve.
One residual oil drain gate valve on the bottom of tank, with such arrangements as
may be necessary inside the tank to ensure that the tank can be drained of oil
as far as practicable. This valve shall also be provided with an approved oil-
sampling device.
B - Conservator - Main Tank
One gate valve between the conservator and Buchholz relay and Buchholz relay
and main tank.
One drain gate valve for the oil conservator so arranged that the tank can be
completely drained of oil.
One pressure equalising gate valve between main tank conservator and the OLTC
conservator.
One outlet valve with closure cap to drain the conservator.
One gate valve on the by-pass pipe of the Buchholz relay.
C - OLTC Conservator - OLTC Compartment
One gate valve between the OLTC conservator and protection relay and between
the protection relay and OLTC compartment.
One drain gate valve for the OLTC conservator so arranged that the tank can be
completely drained of oil.
One outlet valve with closure cap to drain the conservator.
D - OLTC Chamber
One outlet valve with closure cap to drain the compartments.
One 50 mm nominal bore gate valve for oil treatment (oil inlet) near the top of the
compartments.
One 50 mm nominal bore gate valve for oil treatment (oil outlet) near to the bottom
of the compartments.
E - Radiators
Each radiator shall be connected to the main tank through flanged “butterfly” valves
(on the top and bottom of radiator). Vent screws shall be fitted at the top of each
radiator for air release and at the bottom for draining. Valves shall be provided on
the tank at each point of connection to the detachable radiator. Blank flanges, plates
or captive screw caps shall be fitted to all valves and pipe ends not normally
connected in service.
1.3(d) Oil and Gas Sampling Devices
Oil sampling devices shall be fitted for taking oil samples from the top and bottom of the
main tank and from the OLTC oil compartment. Sampling points shall be accessible to a
person standing at ground level (1000m above the sea level). The following valves shall
be provided:
One outlet valve with closure cap for oil from the middle of the tank.
One outlet valve with closure cap for oil from the bottom of the tank.
One outlet valve with closure cap for oil from the top of the OLTC
compartments (tank).
One outlet valve with closure cap for gas from the Buchholz relay.
One outlet valve with closure cap for gas from the OLTC gas actuated
protective relay.
1.3(e) Oil Filtration and Vacuum Processing
The transformer shall be fitted with gate oil valves and suitable removable flange
adapters for the connection of an oil filter and vacuum equipment.
1.3(f) Lifting Lugs, Jacking Pads and Hauling Eyes
Lifting lugs shall be provided, suitable for the weight of the transformer, including core
and windings, fittings, and with the tank filled with oil. The tank shall be provided with
at least four lifting lugs. Lifting lugs shall be provided on all parts, which require lifting
for erection, maintenance, inspection or repair.
Four jacking pads shall be provided near the corners to the tank of each transformer and
approximately 400 mm above the lowest part of the tank. These pads shall be designed
to take the complete weight of the transformer filled with oil.
Hauling eyes with suitable lugs shall be provided on all sides of the transformer for
haulage in any direction.
All joint faces shall be arranged to prevent the ingress of water or leakage of oil with a
minimum of gasket surface exposed to the action of oil or air.
1.3(g) Joints and Gaskets
Nitrile base cork or equivalent shall be used for gaskets. Oil resistant synthetic rubber
gaskets are not permissible except where the synthetic rubber is used as a bonding
medium for cork or similar material or where metal inserts are provided to limit
compression.
Gaskets shall be consistent with the provision of a good seal and full details of all gasket-
sealing arrangements shall be shown on the transformer drawings. One complete set of
required gaskets shall be supplied for reassembling of the power transformers.
1.3(h) Earthing Terminals
Earthing terminals shall be provided on the transformer, close to each of the four corners
and bottom of the tank to connect the transformer to the earthing system. Earthing
terminals shall be suitable for an M12 bolt.
1.3(i) Surface Treatment
The transformer tank and accessories shall be adequately protected against corrosion.
The whole of the tank and fittings shall be sand blasted inside and outside to remove all
scale and rust before painting. The inside of the tank shall be painted with an approved
oil resisting varnish. External surfaces of the radiator banks shall be hot-dip galvanised
and painted the same colour as the tank.
1.4 Protection and Indication Equipment
1.4(a) Buchholz Relay
Each transformer shall be fitted with a double float Buchholz type relay with alarm
contacts and tripping contacts. The relay shall be provided in the pipe connection
between the main tank and associated conservator with two isolating valves and a by-
pass pipe with valve
The upper float of the Buchholz relay shall operate contacts on accumulation of gases
caused by a gradual fault. The lower float shall operate contacts on occurrence of a
sudden oil flow caused by an explosive development of gases.
Each Buchholz relay shall be equipped with a gas-sampling valve with outlet
approximately 3 mm diameter for a flexible pipe connection to check the operation of the
relay. A small bore pipe shall be connected to the gas release cock on the Buchholz relay
to allow gas to be collected at ground level. The pipe shall be run to a point
approximately 1,400 mm above ground level, where it shall be terminated by an isolating
valve and gas sampling valve with captive screwed cap. This shall have provision for
locking to prevent unauthorised operation.
Each relay shall be fitted with a calibrated glass window to indicate gas volume; a testing
mechanical push button with protective cover; oil drain valve at the bottom with blanking
plug; cable glands etc. The pipe work shall be so arranged that all gas arising from the
transformer will pass into the gas and oil-actuated relay.
1.4(b) Tap Changer Protection Relay
A Buchholz relay, similar to the main tank relay, shall be mounted in the connection pipe
from the OLTC compartment head to the associated oil conservator with two isolating

valves. The relay shall be actuated by an oil flow caused by a tap-changer fault. The
relay shall incorporate a mechanical push button for testing.
1.4(c) Pressure Relief Devices
Approved pressure relief devices shall be provided for the main oil tank and tap changer
oil compartment (chamber). They shall be of sufficient size for the rapid release of over
pressure that may be generated in the tank and designed to operate at a static pressure
lower than the design hydraulic test pressure. If the device is a spring operated valve
type, it shall be provided with one normally open and one normally closed signalling
contacts which will be used for non-trip alarm purposes and indication of operation.
The relief devices shall be mounted on the tank covers. Where possible the oil discharge
shall be directed away from the transformer top cover and clear of any manual operating
position to minimise the overall effect.
1.4(d) Temperature Indicating, Control Alarm and Trip Devices
The transformer shall be equipped with approved devices for indicating the oil
temperature and hot spot winding temperatures.
A dial thermometer with mercury contacts shall be provided to indicate the temperature
of the transformer top oil. The dial shall be mounted so that a person standing at ground
level may easily read it. The thermometer shall be fitted with:
Four sets of adjustable contacts, one connected to give a high temperature stage 1
alarm, one to give a high temperature stage 2 trip and two to control the fans.
A maximum temperature pointer that shall be re-settable by hand.
A dial thermometer, of the same manufacture and mounted in the same manner as the
one above, shall be provided to indicate average winding temperature using a thermal
image technique. It shall be fitted with:
Four sets of adjustable contacts, one connected to give a high temperature stage 1
alarm, one to give a high temperature stage 2 trip and two as spare.
A maximum temperature pointer that shall be re-settable by hand.
Two adjustable thermostats with temperature detectors shall be mounted in the main tank
top oil. The minimum range of these thermostats shall be 60°C to 120°C. One
thermostat shall be connected to give a high temperature stage 1 alarm. The other one
shall be connected to give a high temperature stage 2 trip.
The tripping contacts of the winding temperature indicators shall be adjustable to close
between 80 C and 150 C and to re-open when the temperature has fallen by not more
than 10 C. The alarm contacts and the contacts used to control the cooling plant motors
on the above devices shall be adjustable to close between 50 C and 100 C and to re-open
when the temperature has fallen by between 10 C and 15 C. Contact operation accuracy
shall be 2 C. A clearly legible engraved scale shall be provided.
The transformer winding temperature current transformer shall be provided on the
middle phase and shall be equipped with test windings. Checking the output and testing
of the current transformer and thermal image characteristics shall be via terminals in
terminal box. It shall be possible to remove the indicator bulbs without draining oil from
the tank.

The colours of the pointer and dial plate shall be non-fading in intense sunlight
conditions.
1.4(e) Breathers
Each compartment of the conservator tank shall be fitted with an approved oil seal type
silica gel breather. The breathers shall be located such that maintenance can be carried
out at ground level. Maintenance free breathers are requested.
1.5 On Load Tap Changer (OLTC)
1.5(a) General
The transformer shall be provided with an On Load Tap Changer mounted in the high-
voltage winding. The tap-changer shall be MR Germany Vacutap.
Tap positions shall be numbered consecutively ranging from one upwards. All terminals
shall be clearly and permanently marked with numbers corresponding to the cables
connected thereto.
The tap changer diverter switch shall be in its own oil-tight compartment supplied from a
separate compartment in the conservator tank. To facilitate inspection and maintenance
of the O.L.T.C switch, it shall be possible to drain the oil from around one without
lowering the level of the oil in the transformer below the top of the windings. Adequate
access for personnel shall be provided for inspection and maintenance.
1.5(b) Drive Mechanism
The tap changer shall be driven by a motor operated mechanism. The mechanism shall
incorporate a stored energy device to ensure that once a change of tap begins it is
completed and the mechanism cannot fail in an intermediate position on loss of the
supply voltage to the motor or any other contingency.
The motor drive control shall ensure that a tap change operation, once initiated, is
completed whether or not the control switch or push button is operated continuously
during the operation. Another operation shall only be possible when the control switch
or push-button has been released and the tap change sequence has been completed.
Phase failure relays shall be provided at the transformer to monitor the tap changer motor
power supply.
Limit switches shall be provided to prevent over-travel of the tap changing mechanism.
These shall be directly connected in the operating motor circuit. In addition, mechanical
stops shall be fitted to prevent over-travel of the mechanism under any conditions. These
stops shall withstand the full torque of the driving mechanism without damage to the tap
change equipment. Thermal devices or other approved means shall be provided to
protect the motor and control circuit. A permanently legible lubrication chart shall be
provided and fitted inside the OLTC control and drive mechanism box.
1.5(c) Local and Remote Control
The transformer shall be provided with an outdoor tap-changer mechanism box fitted
with all equipment necessary for manual and electrical - local and remote operation of
the OLTC The motor and control circuits shall be protected by miniature circuit breakers
(MCBs) at the tap change mechanism box.
The following operating conditions shall be applied to the OLTC controls:

It shall not be possible to operate the electric drive when the manual operating gear
is in use.
It shall not be possible for two electric control points to be in operation at the same
time.
Operation from a control switch shall cause one tap movement only unless the
control switch is returned to the off position between successive operations.
It shall not be possible for any transformer operating in parallel with one or more
transformers in a group to be more than one tap out of step with the other
transformers in the group. This condition shall be alarmed. A “tap change
fail” timer and alarm shall also be provided.
All electrical control switches and local manual operating gear shall be clearly labelled to
indicate the direction of tap changing, i.e. raise and lower tap number.
The OLTC drive mechanism control box installed at the transformer shall contain all the
electrical and mechanical parts for the Local Control. A REMOTE/LOCAL selector
switch shall be provided at the mechanism box to select either remote or local operation.
When this switch is turned to the "LOCAL" position, control shall be possible from drive
mechanism control box only. Interlocking shall be provided to interrupt the electrical
supply to the drive motor when the manual operation device is engaged.
The following controls shall be provided in the mechanism box:
Facilities for manual mechanical operation of the tap changer
Facilities for electrical “RAISE” and “LOWER” operation by control switch or
push buttons.
Remote Control shall be provided via an OLTC control facility, which is located in the
control room. Remote control shall apply when the REMOTE/LOCAL selector switch
of the OLTC drive mechanism control box is turned to the "REMOTE" position. Remote
control may be AUTOMATIC initiated by the Automatic Voltage Regulating relay or
MANUAL, actuated by push buttons or a RAISE/LOWER selector switch. There is no
requirement for Master/Follower operation. Remote control shall be available at the
OLTC facility in the control room or from the SCADA system. The point of control shall
be selected by the control selector switch for the voltage level of the high voltage
winding of the transformer. Over voltage relays shall operate a contactor in the drive
mechanism box to prevent a RAISE operation if the transformer voltage exceeds a set
value.
1.5(d) Indications
Indication shall be provided in the drive mechanism control box. They shall be visible to
a person standing at ground level through a window on the front of the mechanism box.
The following indications and devices shall be provided:
Mechanical tap position indicator at the transformer.
Operations counter at the transformer.
Electrical tap position at the OLTC control panel via tap position transmitter.
Electrical tap position to the SCADA system via tap position transmitter.
Indication “TAP CHANGER IN PROGRESS” at the OLTC control panel.

Indication “TAP CHANGING INCOMPLETE” at the OLTC control panel.
Indication “SUPPLY VOLTAGE FAILURE” at the OLTC control panel.
The tap position transmitter shall be provided with an analogue and a digital (BCD)
output. The analogue output shall be a standard 4-20 mA.
1.5(e) Tap Changer Mechanism Box
The mechanism box shall have a hinged door and shall be mounted on the transformer
tank using anti-vibration mountings. The degree of protection of the mechanism box
shall be IP54. The mechanism box shall be ventilated and designed to minimise
condensation. The door shall have padlock facilities in accordance with General
Technical Requirements Chapter 5.4 “Locks”. Ten percent (10%) spare terminals shall
be provided in each mechanism box.
The inside of the mechanism box shall be treated with anti-condensation or thermal
barrier type paint to a light or white finish. The surface treatment shall be subject to the
Purchaser's approval and shall be applied in accordance with the paint manufacturer's
instructions. The mechanism box shall be fitted with an anti-condensation space heater,
which shall be controlled as follows:
A manual switch with OFF/AUTO positions. A humidistat and/or thermostat shall
automatically control the heater in the AUTO position.
A humidistat with an adjustable operating range.
A cut-out thermostat with an adjustable operating range, to prevent overheating.
Test circuits with test push-button and associated lamp. The lamp shall indicate
"HEATER IS WORKING" when the test push button is pressed.
The heater control circuits shall operate at 230 V, 50 Hz. An internal lamp controlled by
a door switch shall be provided.
The Bidder shall state the maximum internal temperature at which the mechanism box is
designed to operate under site conditions. This temperature shall take into account the
effects of solar heat gain, transformer losses at full power and any heat released in
operation of equipment in the box. The Bidder shall provide evidence that all the
equipment in the mechanism box is designed to operate continuously at this temperature.
1.6 Cooling Equipment
1.6(a) General
For 33/11 kV mobile substations ONAN/ONAF cooling shall be utilized. The
transformer shall be capable of operating under the ONAN condition up to the load stated
in the Schedules of Technical Particulars and Guarantees, after which the cooling
equipment shall come into operation and the transformer shall operate as an ONAF unit.
Failure of any one fan in each group shall not reduce the continuous maximum ONAF
rating of the transformer. For 132/11kV and 132/33kV mobile substations,
ONAN/ONAF/ODAF cooling shall be used. The changeover to ONAF/ODAF from
ONAN cooling shall normally be automatic but means of manual changeover shall be
provided.

1.6(b) Radiators
Cooling radiators shall be detachable from the tank for transport and maintenance.
SHUT-OFF (of “butterfly” type) valves shall be provided on the tanks of the
transformers for this purpose.
Radiators shall be designed so that all painted surfaces can be thoroughly cleaned and
easily painted in-situ with brush or spray gun. The design shall also avoid pockets in
which water can collect and shall be capable of withstanding the pressure tests specified
for the transformer main tank.
Each cooling radiator shall be fitted with lifting eye, air vent screw and oil drain plug.
External surfaces of the radiator banks shall be hot-dip galvanised and painted the same
colour as the tank.
1.6(c) Fans
The forced air-cooling shall be provided by electric motor driven fans. Fans shall be of
low noise type and approved make and design and be suitable for continuous outdoor
operation. They shall also be capable of withstanding the stresses imposed when brought
up to speed by the direct application of full line voltage to the motor. Motor enclosures
shall be Class IP54.
To reduce noise to the practical minimum, motors shall be mounted independently from
the coolers or alternatively over fixing springs. It shall be possible to remove the fan
complete with motor without disturbing or dismantling the cooler structure framework
Fan blades shall be of galvanised steel or cast aluminium alloy unless otherwise
approved. The thickness of galvanising shall be at least 55 m. Blower casings shall be
made of galvanised steel of thickness not less than 2.0 mm or aluminium alloy and shall
be suitably stiffened by angles or tees.
Galvanised wire guards with mesh not exceeding 12.5 mm shall be provided to prevent
accidental contact with the blades. Guards shall also be provided over all moving parts.
Guards shall be designed to provide a protection of IP 2X to the fan blades. The
direction of rotation shall be indicated.
1.6(d) Fan Control
The fans shall be automatically switched ON when the transformer top oil temperature
exceeds pre-set values and shall be switched OFF when the top oil temperature falls
below these values. Fans shall be separated in two groups and controlled by adjustable
contacts of oil temperature dial thermometer, depending on transformer load (one or two
groups together).
Where forced cooling using multiple small single-phase motors is employed, the motors
in each cooling bank shall be grouped so as to form a balanced three-phase load. Each
motor or group of motors shall be provided with a three-pole electrically operated
contactor fitted with auxiliary alarm contacts and with control gear of approved design
for starting and stopping manually.
Where forced cooling is used on transformers, provision shall be included for automatic
starting and stopping from contacts on the winding temperature indicating devices. The
control equipment shall be provided with a short time delay device to prevent the starting
of more than one motor or group of motors in the case of multiple cooling, at a time.
Where motors are operated in groups, the group protection shall be arranged so that it
will operate satisfactorily in the event of a fault occurring in a single motor.
The control arrangements shall be designed to prevent the starting of motors totalling
more than 15 kW simultaneously either manually or automatically. Phase failure relays
shall be provided in the main cooler supply circuit.
All contacts and other parts, which may require periodic renewal, adjustment or
inspection, shall be readily accessible.
1.6(e) Fan Control Box
A control box shall be mounted on the side of the transformer tank using anti-vibration
mountings. The control box shall be used to house the temperature control devices and
serve as a marshalling point for wiring of associated circuits. Facilities for manual
control of the fans shall be provided at the local control box.
The inside of the fan control box shall be treated with anti-condensation or thermal
barrier type paint to a light or white finish.
A single-phase 3 pin shuttered type power socket rated 13 A, 230 V, 50 Hz, to BS 1363,
shall be fitted in the box. MCBs to protect the cooler motor and control circuits shall be
provided at the box.
1.7 Terminals and Connection Arrangement
1.7(a) General
Air insulated cable boxes shall be provided for connecting 33 kV and 11 kV cables for
all transformers.
LV supply, control and signalling cables for the transformer control, indication and
protection devices shall terminate in the OLTC drive mechanism box and fan control
box.
1.7(b) Bushings
Power transformers shall be equipped with bushings on the 132 kV side and air insulated
cable boxes on the 33 kV and 11 kV side.
Bushing insulators shall be condenser types made of high quality electrical porcelain and
copper of high conductivity, filled by transformer oil and mounted on the transformer
cover (inside the cable boxes). The design of the bushings shall be such that stresses and
strains due to the differing thermal characteristics of the components shall not exceed the
safe limit and shall not produce a cumulative reduction in mechanical and electrical
strength. A vent screw shall be provided.
Insulators shall be made in one piece, with mounting flange manufactured of corrosion-
resistant alloy. Each bushing shall be fitted with bolted brass clamps with internal
thread, suitable for connecting cables or auxiliary disconnecting flat copper conductors.
Dismantling or replacing of bushings shall not require opening of the transformer tank
cover.
The rated current of bushing leads shall be one hundred and fifty percent (150%) of the
continuous rated capacity of the transformer. Other technical characteristics of bushings
shall be in accordance with the relevant IEC and DIN Standards.
1.7(c) 33 kV and 11 kV Cable Boxes
Cable boxes shall be air insulated, made of metal sheet plates, with inspection and
maintenance covers. The cable boxes shall be of adequate size to accommodate the MV
cables and allow for crossing of the cores.
The inside of the air insulated cable boxes shall be treated with anti-condensation or
thermal barrier type paint to a light or white finish. The degree of protection of the cable
box shall be at least IP43. Suitable brass cable glands and ring clamps shall be provided
in the cable box for introducing and fastening cables. An earthing busbar made of
120 mm2 copper of shall be provided in cable box.
The MV boxes shall be designed to facilitate tests on the transformer in the factory with
the box in position and dielectric tests on the cable at the site. A removable link shall be
provided for this purpose. A special inspection cover shall be provided so that test leads
can be introduced into the boxes. The boxes shall be arranged for vertical entry of the
cables from the bottom.
1.7(d) Disconnecting Arrangement
The transformers shall be provided with disconnecting links in the 33 kV and 11 kV
cable boxes to facilitate testing of cables and/or transformers independently. The links
shall be suitably rated flat tinned copper conductors. The cable box and the disconnecting
arrangement shall be capable of withstanding the test voltages for a period of 15 minutes.
1.7(e) Terminal Marking
Terminal phase markings shall be in accordance with the relevant IEC standards.
Terminal markings shall be cast-in or moulded-in lettering on the plates which shall be
non-ferrous material and permanently fixed.
1.8 Labels and Rating Plates
The following plates, or an approved combined plate, shall be fixed to the transformer
tank at an average height of 1,500 mm above the ground level:
A rating and diagram plate in accordance with the relevant IEC standard shall be
provided. This shall include this specification number and full details of all
CTs.
A plate showing the location and function of all valves, oil sample devices and air
vent or plugs. This plate shall also incorporate a warning to operators to refer
to the Operation and Maintenance Manuals before applying vacuum.
Rating plates shall be constructed from stainless steel with clear and indelible markings
in the English language, capable of withstanding the rigorous, continuous outdoor service
at site. Labels shall be attached to HV and control cable boxes and to all gas release, gas
sampling and Buchholz test points stating the name of the associated compartment. The
direction of rotation of operating handles, valves and fans shall be clearly labelled or
marked. The cooling fans and their associated MCBs shall be labelled.
1.9 Noise Level
The noise level of transformers when measured with the fans running shall not exceed
the following:
132/11 kV 80 dB at 2 m
132/ 33kV 80 dB at 2 m
33/11 kV 75 dB at 2 m

1.10 Tests
Type, routine and special tests shall be carried out in accordance with the latest additions
of the relevant IEC standards.
The following tests shall be carried out in addition to the standard tests.
1.10(a) Type Tests
The following shall be regarded as type tests for tanks and conservators, tap changer
compartment, radiators, all valves and pipe works and shall be carried out on one
transformer of each voltage rating:
Vacuum Test: The transformer tank shall withstand a full vacuum when empty of
oil, without any permanent deformation or damage.
Pressure Test: The transformer tank shall withstand the maximum hydraulic
pressure specified for oil leakage test without any permanent deformation or
damage.
Pressure Relief Device Test: Operation test of the pressure relief device at the
specified pressure to prove satisfactory operation in case of pressure build up
in the tank during service of the transformer.
1.10(b) Routine and Factory Tests
The following shall be regarded as routine factory tests and shall be carried out on each
transformer and in the sequence stated:
Impulse test on 132/33kV, 132/11kV and 33/11kV transformers: Chopped-wave
impulse voltage withstand test: The test voltage shall be applied to line
terminals only. The applied voltage shall be 100% of the relevant lightning
impulse voltage specified in the General Technical Requirements.
Magnetic circuit tests: Each core completely assembled shall be tested for one
minute at 2 kV AC between core bolts, side plates, structural steelwork and
core. After the transformer is tanked and completely assembled, a further test
shall be applied between the core and the earthed structural steelwork to
prove that the core is earthed through the removable link, at one point only.
Tanks oil leakage tests: All tanks, conservators and oil filled compartments which
are subjected in service or during maintenance to oil pressure shall withstand
without leakage, a hydraulic pressure of normal pressure plus 34 kN/m2
applied at the top of the oil in the conservator or 69 kN/m2 at bottom of the
tank, which ever is greater, for 48 hours during which time no oil leakage or
ingress into normally oil free spaces shall occur.
Note: Noise and Temperature Rise Tests shall be performed on one transformer of each
type.
1.10(c) Tests at Site
Site tests shall include but shall not be limited to:
Insulation resistance test at 2.0 kV between core and core clamping structure.
After treatment breakdown voltage tests 70 kV on insulating oil.
Check of calibration of oil/winding temperature devices.
Tap selector and diverter switch alignment.
Calibration of automatic voltage control equipment.
Proving tests as necessary on control schemes.
HV and LV winding resistance.
Insulation resistance between windings and windings to ground.
Ratio and vector group
Test on protection devices, test and calibration of temperature meter.
Tan delta and capacitance of winding.
Test of alarms operation of OLTC
Dissolved gas analysis test according to the relevant IEC standard.
The dissolved gas analysis test shall be repeated one month after energisation and at the
end of the Defects Liability Period.
1.11 Loss Evaluation
Transformer losses shall be in accordance with Schedule of Technical Particulars and
Guarantees.
The admissible tolerances for component and total losses of transformer after testing
shall be according to IEC 60076.
For the purpose of evaluation the transformer shall be evaluated according to the total
price plus the capitalised value of losses. The formula to be used in evaluation will be:
Capitalised Cost = $T + (NLL x $6000) + (LL x $1200), where
$T = the total cost of the transformer.
NLL = no load loss in kW (as defined in IEC 60076)
LL = load loss in kW at full rated load and 75°C (as defined in IEC 60076)
If the transformer losses exceed the guaranteed values stated in the schedules then the
Purchaser may reject the transformer or apply a price adjustment by deducting a sum
from the contract price calculated as follows:
No Load Losses:
US$12000/kW up to 5% in excess of the guaranteed value and US$24000/kW above 5%
in excess of the guaranteed value.
Load Losses:
US$3,000/kW up to 5% in excess of the guaranteed value and US$6,000/kW above 5%
in excess of the guaranteed value.
2 OUTDOOR 132 KV SWITCHGEAR
2.1 Design
Outdoor 132 kV switchgear shall comply with the relevant IEC standards and the
requirements of this specification. Basic equipment parameters are given in General
Technical Requirements Chapter 1.3 “Design Criteria”, the Schedules of Technical
Particulars and Guarantees and in the Drawings.
The132 kV switchgear shall be outdoor type and capable of continuous operation under
the climatic conditions existing at the Site.
The switchgear shall be designed to minimise corona or other electrical discharges and
radio interference. Tests for corona and radio interference shall be carried out by the
Bidder at its works for all equipment, as applicable, and if necessary at Site as required
by the Purchaser.
2.2 Circuit Breakers
2.2(a) General
Circuit breakers for 132 kV shall be either SF6 or Vacuum types utilizing a three-pole
motor-charged spring operating mechanism.
Facilities shall be provided to permit manual slow closing and slow opening of the circuit
breaker for maintenance purposes. It shall not be possible to operate the slow closing
and slow opening facility when the circuit breaker is in the normal service condition. An
interlock shall be provided between the slow and normal fast operation to prevent both
modes of operation being available simultaneously.
2.2(b) Operating Mechanisms
Circuit breaker mechanisms shall be “trip free” as defined in the relevant IEC standard.
A mechanically operated indicator shall be provided on each circuit breaker operating
mechanism to show whether the circuit breaker is open or closed. This shall be visible
through a glass window from ground level. An operation counter shall also be provided.
If a circuit breaker closing mechanism is not fully recharged for further operation within
a predetermined time after a closing cycle, the mechanism shall be locked out and an
alarm initiated.
A facility for manually charging the closing springs shall be provided.
Mechanical interlocks shall be provided in the operating mechanism to prevent
discharging the closing springs when the breaker is already in the closed position.
Provision shall be made to prevent a closing operation being carried out with the spring
partially charged.
Circuit breaker operating mechanisms, auxiliary switches and associated relays, control
switches, control cable terminations, and other ancillary equipment shall be
accommodated in sheet steel, vermin-proof and weatherproof cubicle with an IP 43
rating. Where appropriate, the cubicle may be free-standing with front and rear access.
Cubicles shall be well ventilated through vermin-proof louvers comprising a brass gauze
screen attached to a frame and secured to the inside of the cubicle. Circuit breaker
operating mechanisms shall be equipped with the following:
1) An SF6 gas density meter.
2) A key operated circuit breaker LOCAL/REMOTE control selector switch
mounted in the cabinet.
3) A circuit breaker ON/OFF control switch or push buttons mounted in the
cabinet.
4) An operation counter.
5) A facility to measure the main contact operating time.
6) A mechanical EMERGENCY C.B. TRIP push button.
7) A circuit breaker position indicator, Red (I) for ON and green (O) for OFF.

8) At least 10 normally open and 10 normally closed auxiliary switches.
9) An anti-condensation heater protected by an MCB and controlled by a
thermostat.
10) A single phase, 220 V, 16 A switched socket outlet protected by an MCB.
11) An internal light controlled by a door operated micro switch.
A lockout feature shall be provided to prevent operation of the circuit breaker when the
SF6 gas pressure falls below the minimum safe operating pressure for the rated duty. A
pressure switch operated by low SF6 gas pressure shall be provided.
Where practicable a schematic diagram of the part of the control system local to the
circuit breaker, identifying the various components within the cubicle and on the circuit
breaker and referring to the appropriate drawings and maintenance instructions, shall be
affixed to the inside of the cubicle access door.
2.3 132 kV Disconnectors and Earthing Devices
2.3(a) General
Disconnectors shall be suitable for outdoor installation and shall be of the double-rotating
post-type with single air-break. Current carrying components shall be made of copper.
A mechanical position indicator shall be provided for each disconnector/earthing device.
Counterbalancing springs shall be provided for counterbalancing the disconnectors to
prevent impact at the end of travel both on opening and closing of the disconnector/earth
switch.
Main switches shall be designed for off-load, live operation and shall be capable of
switching the charging current of open busbars and connections or currents from parallel
circuits.
All 132 kV disconnectors shall be motor operated, and means for manual operation shall
be provided. A weatherproof galvanised sheet steel cabinet with sealed hinged door and
padlocking facility shall be provided to house the driving mechanism, motor starter and
auxiliary switches. When the manual operating handle is in the engaged position, the
power operation shall be inoperative. A padlocking facility shall be provided for manual
operation. A local MCB unit for disconnection of power supply, a local/remote selector
switch and a set of open/close push buttons shall be provided in the operating mechanism
box of power operated disconnectors.
The maximum torque required at the operating handle to open a 3-phase disconnector
shall not exceed 340 Nm.
All outgoing 132 kV feeder disconnectors shall be fitted with three phase line earthing
switches, mechanically coupled or interlocked with the disconnectors so that the earthing
switch and disconnector cannot be closed at the same time. The feeder disconnectors and
line earthing switches shall be electrically interlocked employing under-voltage relays in
such a way that it is not possible to close the earthing switch even if the line disconnector
is open as the line may be energised from the remote end.
The earthing switch, when in the closed position, shall be capable of carrying the rated
short time current for one second without the contacts burning or welding.
The mechanisms shall be housed in a weatherproof IP43 protection enclosure complete
with auxiliary switches, terminal blocks and cable gland plates. All steel and malleable

iron parts shall be galvanised. In addition, an anti-condensation heater of an approved
type shall be provided and controlled by a thermostat mounted within the cubicle.
2.4 Voltage Transformers
2.4(a) General
Where required, voltage transformers shall be oil insulated, without electronic
amplification or equivalent.
Busbar voltage transformers shall be inductive type and feeder voltage transformers, if
required shall be capacitive type.
Capacitive type voltage transformers, if required shall be suitable for use as a line
coupler for the operation of carrier accelerated tripping and communication systems and
the top cap of all voltage transformers shall be suitable for mounting wave traps. The
power line carrier equipment and line traps will be supplied by others.
The voltage transformers shall be connected between earth and phase conductor,
designed with a low flux density in the core and flat magnetisation curve and
dimensioned for an over voltage factor of 1.9 for eight (8) hours.
Voltage transformers should be designed and constructed to avoid or minimise the risk of
Ferro-resonance at all frequencies and voltages.
Tanks shall be hot-dipped galvanised. Support insulators shall be constructed of brown
porcelain. The oil tank and expansion cap shall be fitted with an oil level indicator. The
tank shall be fitted with means for lifting and erection.
Primary terminals shall be constructed of nickel-plated brass or stainless steel. The
terminal box for secondary windings shall be constructed of corrosion resistant material
(metal alloy) and equipped with cable glands. The protection class of secondary terminal
boxes shall be IP54. The transformer shall be fitted with earthing terminals made of the
same material as primary terminals. Earthing of the secondary terminals should be
provided in the terminal box.
An MCB box shall be mounted adjacent to each VT. The box shall be fitted with
appropriately rated MCBs to protect each secondary phase of the VT. The degree of
protection shall be IP43.
2.5 Current Transformers
2.5(a) General
The ratings, ratio and accuracy class of CTs shall be designed for the duty required. The
Bidder shall submit CT rating calculations to the Purchaser for approval.
132kV transformer CTs shall be bushing type.
The secondary windings of each set of current transformers shall be wired to suitable
terminal boards and earthed at one point only.
Where multiple ratios are required:
1) it shall be possible to select any ratio for each winding without alteration to
the number of primary turns and
2) the required performance shall be provided for all ratios
All secondary terminals of CTs shall be wired to a marshalling box. Facilities shall be
provided for short-circuiting and grounding CT secondaries at the terminal box. The CT
ratios and performance categories in the schedules and on the drawings are to be used as
a guide only. The actual design is the responsibility of the Bidder.
2.6 Surge Arresters
2.6(a) General
Surge arresters shall be of the zinc oxide gapless type.
The earthing system shall be supplied with two earthing terminals. Earthing terminal
clamps (bolt type) shall be suitable for 120 mm2 copper conductors.
All exposed ferrous parts of surge arresters shall be hot-dip galvanised or made of
stainless steel with stainless steel screws, nuts and washers.
Arresters shall be housed in porcelain insulators sealed against the entry of moisture and
oxygen. Internal components shall be designed to minimise internal corona and designed
to minimise capacitive coupling with any conducting layer of pollutant on the outside of
the porcelain housing.
The arresters shall be capable of withstanding the combination of stresses arising in
service without causing damage or thermal runaway.
132 kV arresters shall be rated with a nominal discharge current of 10 kA and line
discharge Class 3 as defined by IEC 60099-4. The arresters shall be equipped with
pressure relief devices, surge counters and leakage current meter. The discharge counters
shall require no auxiliary or battery supply and shall be provided for each single pole
unit. The discharge counters shall be visible through an inspection window. The
pressure relief device shall relieve the internal pressure of the arresters and prevent
violent shattering of the housing following prolonged passage of fault current or internal
flashover of the arrester and the pressure relief device shall be of Class A as specified in
IEC 60099-1.
Grading resistors and/or grading capacitors and grading rings shall be provided for
uniform voltage distribution between the units making up the arrester as dictated by the
voltage class of arrester. In order to verify the selection of the arrester rated voltage, the
Bidder shall supply data on the allowable time duration of power frequency voltage and
the corresponding voltage value which may be applied to the arrester after the arrester
has been preheated and subjected to the line discharge class energy duty, without damage
or thermal runaway.
2.6(b) Surge Counters
Each arrester shall be fitted with a surge counter of approved type that is matched to the
rating of the arrester. It shall be possible to check the operation of the surge counters in a
field test. The surge counter shall not be re-settable. Arresters shall include a leakage
current meter to enable continuous monitoring of the arrester current at normal voltages.
Surge counters and milli-ammeters shall be housed in one case.
Surge counters shall be explosion-proof type for short-circuit current and shall not reduce
protection margins. The counter shall be capable of operating satisfactorily and without
deterioration under the service conditions.
2.7 Busbars and Connections
Single Teal ACSR conductor is preferred for all connections within the 132 kV
transformer bays. Any departure shall be to the approval of the Purchaser.

All clamps for carrying out connections in HV switchgear shall be made of high-grade
copper or aluminium alloy. Where dissimilar metals are connected, approved means
shall be provided to prevent galvanic action and corrosion. Joint surfaces of copper or
copper alloy clamps and fitting shall be tinned. Stranded copper connections shall be
tinned at clamping points. The safety factor of clamps and fittings shall be 2.5 based on
the elastic limit of the material and under conditions of maximum working load.
The type, shape, material and size of clamps, shall be selected to match the terminals of
the HV apparatus. Clamps (dead end) for suspension of busbar conductors shall be
compression types.
Post insulator shall be one-piece porcelain units.
All required safety and flashover clearances shall conform to the relevant IEC standards,
and the requirements of this specification.
3 33 KV AND 11 KV INDOOR SWITCHGEAR
3.1 Medium Voltage Panels
3.1(a) General
Indoor 33 kV and11 kV medium voltage switchgear shall be metal-clad types, with
removable circuit breakers. The switchgear panels shall consist of three fully segregated
HV compartments and one LV compartment. Panels shall be "free-standing", metal-clad,
air insulated, with single busbar system arranged in a single row. Each switchgear
compartment shall withstand an internal arc fault and shall meet the six criteria of
Appendix AA of IEC 60298. The switchgear shall be suitable for use on a 3-phase 50 Hz
system with reactance and resistance earthed neutrals.
Design information submitted by the Bidder for approval by the Purchaser shall include
type test reports and supplementary information which demonstrates that the switchgear,
busbars and switchgear panels satisfy the Design Criteria, in particular the maximum
ambient temperature. If the bidder is unable to achieve the specified current ratings at the
specified ambient temperature, it may nominate its next highest rating but must confirm
rating compliance at the substation ambient temperature.
The housing containing the switchgear and panels shall be air conditioned to maintain the
temperature below 30 deg C. In the event that the air conditioner is out of service then
the specified current rating of the switchgear shall be maintained. The Bidder shall
nominate in the schedules the maximum temperature inside the insulated housing with
the substation operating at its full rating of 25 MVA.
3.1(b) Design
The panels shall be designed in accordance with the relevant IEC standards with
additional requirements as follows:
1) Secondary voltage selection will be provided on 33 kV and 11 kV
switchboards. In case of failure of the VT secondary voltage supply on one
section, all devices which require such supply for their correct operation will
be automatically reconnected to the VT voltage supply from another live
section.
2) The structure will be made of steel sheet with a minimum thickness of
1.5 mm. Al-Zinc steel sheet is preferred.

3) The degree of protection IP4X shall apply to the enclosure and IP2X to
partitions.
4) Ventilation slots shall not be placed on the topside of panels.
5) Discharging of the arc gases through adjacent compartments is not
acceptable.
6) Removable parts with the same rated normal current shall be interchangeable.
Interchanging of the removable parts with different rated normal current shall
be mechanically prevented.
7) Shutters shall be provided with means of locking them independently in the
closed position. An integral device shall be provided for fixing the shutters
in the open position (manually) and subsequently for releasing them to the
closed position by the moving and removing of the CB truck.
8) Busbars shutters shall be painted red in colour and labelled “BUSBARS” in
large white letters. Circuit shutters shall be painted yellow in colour and
shall be labelled “CABLE”. On bus-section panels both sets of shutters shall
be painted red in colour and labelled “BUSBARS” in large white letters.
9) The surface of the floor of the switchgear room shall not be considered as
part of the enclosure.
10) Cable fixing clamps shall be provided. Clamps shall be made of non-
magnetic material.
11) Holes for entry of the MV cables shall be provided, complete with cable
glands.
12) The door of the circuit breaker (CB) compartment shall be able to be closed
with the CB in the test position and opened in the service position. In the
service position it shall not be possible to disconnect the LV plug. A self-
aligning LV plus shall not be accepted.
13) All secondary wiring into the compartments shall be placed onto metal trays
with covers. Control cable l shall be separate from the power cables in all
cases. Cable ladders shall be used.
14) The contact pins of the secondary circuit plug and socket system shall not be
able to be damaged during switching of the mechanism motor circuit.
3.1(c) Interlocking
All required mechanical and electrical interlocks shall be installed between circuit
breakers and disconnector/isolating/earth switches to ensure the safety of personnel and
equipment. As a minimum the following shall be provided;
1) Interlocks to ensure that the main incoming disconnector and earth switch cannot
be closed together
2) Interlocks to ensure that the transformer outgoing MV circuit breaker is tripped if
the fuse switch on the earthing transformer is opened.
3) Interlocks to ensure that the transformer lower voltage earth switch cannot be
closed if the main incoming substation disconector is closed.
4) All necessary interlocks shall be as per the SLD

5) The manufacturer may add any additional required protection for the safety of
personnel and equipment
3.2 33 kV and 11 kV Circuit Breakers
3.2(a) General
The design and construction of circuit breakers shall comply with the relevant IEC
standards. The rated operating sequence shall be O-0.3 sec-CO-3 min-CO.
Circuit breakers shall be vacuum or SF6 types.
Circuit breakers used for capacitor switching shall be suitably rated for this duty.
3.2(b) Vacuum Type Circuit Breakers
The particular requirements for the design and construction of vacuum circuit breakers
shall be as follows:
1) Minimum of one hundred breaking operations at rated short-circuit breaking
current.
2) Vacuum circuit breakers shall not produce excessive over voltages as a result
of current chopping during switching.
3.2(c) SF6 Circuit Breakers
The particular requirements for the design and construction of SF6 circuit breakers shall
be as follows:
1) SF6 circuit breakers shall be a puffer or self-extinguishing type with rotating
arc and be a dead tank and single pressure design.
2) Minimum of twenty five breaking operations at rated short-circuit breaking
current.
3) SF6 circuit breakers shall be provided with two-stage pressure/density
monitoring switch/controls as follows:
a) Under pressure –1st Stage: Alarm.
b) Under pressure – 2nd Stage: Alarm and lock out of the CB without
tripping unless it can be demonstrated that it can be tripped and locked
out without any risk to personnel or equipment.
3.2(d) Operating Mechanisms
The particular requirements for the design and construction of the operating mechanism
shall be as follows:
1) Circuit breaker operating mechanisms shall be trip free types incorporating
anti- pumping features.
2) A stored energy spring mechanism with motor and manual charging facility
shall be provided. DC motors shall be used for automatic charging of the
spring mechanism. A hand crank shall be provided for each CB and placed
in the mechanism cabinet.
3) It shall be possible to charge the spring mechanism with the circuit breaker in
either “OPEN” or “CLOSED” positions.

4) Mechanical indication of the CB state (CLOSED/OPEN) and service/test
position shall be provided on front of the panel and on the control panel.
5) It shall not be possible for the circuit breaker to close unless the spring is
fully charged. A visual mechanical indicating device shall be provided to
indicate the state of the spring. The device shall indicate “SPRING
CHARGED” when the spring is in a condition to close the circuit breaker and
“SPRING FREE” when the spring is not in a condition to close the circuit
breaker. If a charged spring is released when the circuit breaker is closed, the
circuit breaker shall not open and neither shall such operation result in
damage to the circuit breaker.
6) The mechanism shall be fitted with a local manual spring release, preferably
a mechanical pushbutton, shrouded to prevent inadvertent operation and
provided with means for padlocking.
7) The mechanism shall be equipped with an operation counter.
8) One trip coil shall be provided.
9) The circuit breakers shall be provided with suitably rated auxiliary switches
to relay circuit information for the purposes of control, circuit supervision,
protection and metering as required by the Specification. In addition, two
normally open and two normally closed contacts of auxiliary switches of the
same type and rating of those specified above shall be provided as spares for
each plant item.
3.3 33 kV and 11 kV Earthing Switches
Earth switches shall utilise a hand operating mechanism with springs and be designed in
accordance with the relevant IEC standards. The closing and opening speed shall be
independent of the speed of operation of the manual lever.
The making current of the 33 kV and 11 kV earth switches shall be 31.5 kA.
The earthing function shall form part of the integral design of panels. Integral earthing
shall be provided for all feeders. Earth switches on incoming feeders shall be provided
with an electromagnet locking system that prevent switching if primary voltage is
present, as well as by mechanical interlocking with the corresponding CB.
The earth switch shall be mechanically interlocked with the cable compartment cover to
prevent access to the cables unless the earth switch is closed. The cable compartment
cover shall be fitted with an observation window to give visual indication of the position
of the earth switch.
Earth switches on incoming feeders shall be locked in the open position using a captive
key in the LV compartment. The key shall be captive when high voltage is present.
Each busbar section shall be provided with an earthing switch. Closing of these switches
shall be interlocked such that they cannot be operated if any circuit breaker on the
relevant section of bus is closed. Switches shall be equipped with 2 normally open and 2
normally closed spare auxiliary contacts.
3.4 33 kV and 11 kV Voltage Transformers
Voltage transformers (VTs) shall be the cast resin type.
Voltage transformers on incomers shall be fixed / disconnectable with all fuses
removable and easily accessible. VTs shall have polarity marks indelibly marked on each
transformer and at the associated terminal block and be designed for an over voltage
factor of 1.9 for eight (8) hours.
The Bidder shall ensure that VT ratings are adequate for the connected equipment,
including associated lead resistance.
3.5 33 kV and 11 kV Current Transformers
Current Transformers (CTs) shall be cast resin types.
They shall be capable of carrying the rated primary current for a period of one minute
with the secondary windings open-circuited. Where the open-circuit secondary voltage
would exceed 3.5 kV, suitable protection shall be provided at the secondary terminals to
limit the voltage. The secondary windings of each current transformer shall be earthed at
one point.
The Bidder shall ensure that CT ratings are adequate for operation of the connected
equipment to the specified accuracy. The CT ratios and performance categories in the
schedules and on the drawings are to be used as a guide. The actual design is the
responsibility of the Bidder. Full justification must be provided and the approval of the
Purchaser obtained if performance ratings are to be reduced in any way.
3.6 Capacitive Voltage Indicators
Each panel shall be equipped with neon voltage indicators to indicate whether each phase
on the circuit side of the panel is “alive”. The indicators shall be energised from
condenser bushings on the panel. The neon lamp shall indicate the presence of voltage,
even if it is less than rated voltage, in accordance with the relevant standard.The
indicators shall be mounted at the front at the switch panel and shall be shielded from
extraneous light. The neon lamps shall be of adequate dimensions to provide clear
indication under all conditions.
4 NEUTRAL POINT EARTHING EQUIPMENT

4.1 General
Neutral points and associated HV and MV equipment (disconnectors, surge arresters,
reactors, resistors and cable sealing ends) shall be rated in accordance with 132 kV,
33 kV and 11 kV system earthing requirements stated in the Design Criteria.
4.2 Earthing of 132 kV Neutral Point
4.2(a) 80 kV Single Pole Disconnector
A manually operated, single pole disconnector mounted on a steel structure if required
and shall be used for earthing the 132 kV neutral point. Other detailed requirements shall
be the same as stated in Chapter 3.3.
4.2(b) 80 kV Surge Arrester
A surge arrestor shall be connected across the 132 kV neutral earth switch as shown on
the drawings. It shall be a gapless, zinc oxide type, with porcelain insulator, rated
voltage 80 kV, discharge current 10 kA, equipped with surge counter, and mounted on a
steel structure as required. Refer Chapter 3.6 for other construction details.

4.2(c) Current Transformer for earth fault relays
The current transformers for earth fault relays shall be suitable for outdoor installation,
cast resin insulated with one secondary core for protection, accuracy class 5P, accuracy
limit factor 10, 20 and rated burden 15 VA. The current transformer shall be installed in
a readily accessible location. Refer also clauses 3.5 and 4.5. Also The CT for the
restricted earth fault protection shall be identical to the differential protection CTs.
5 AUXILIARY AND EARTHING TRANSFORMERS
5.1 General
Auxiliary and earthing transformers shall be hermetically sealed two-winding, three-
phase, oil immersed, ONAN, with Off Load Tap Changing, suitable for outdoor and
protection use.
The auxiliary winding on an earthing transformer shall have a maximum continuous
rating of 100 KVA, shall be capable of supplying the maximum continuous rating for all
tap positions and maintaining rated voltage on the low voltage winding, under the
maximum ambient temperature conditions, without the temperature rise of the top oil
exceeding 50°C or the temperature rise of the windings as measured by resistance
exceeding 55°C.
These transformers shall be designed and manufactured in accordance with the relevant
IEC standards and this specification. Refer to the Schedule of Technical Particulars and
Guarantees for other relevant ratings.
5.2 Technical Requirements
The transformers shall be provided with the following fittings and attachments:
1) Off-load tap changer.
2) Oil filler plug and drain valve.
3) Thermometer with alarm and trip contacts
4) Pressure release device.
5) Buchholz relay with alarm and trip contacts
6) Four lifting lugs.
7) Air insulated 11 kV and 0.4 kV cable boxes. The cable boxes shall be
adequately sized for the associated cables and allow space for crossing cores.
8) Hot-dip galvanised tank and radiators.
5.3 Tests
The following additional routine test shall be carried out on each transformer:
Oil leakage test. The criterion of leakage shall be discoloration by oil of white-
wash applied externally to suspected parts at an oil temperature of 90°C.
6 POWER CABLES
6.1 General
Power cables shall conform to the relevant IEC standards and shall be subject to the
approval of the Purchaser. The maximum conductor temperature shall be 90°C and
under short circuit conditions the conductor temperature shall not exceed 250°C.

Routine, type and site testing of power cables and terminations shall be in accordance
with the relevant IEC standards.
Power cables shall be continuous lengths and extension of power cables by jointing is not
acceptable.
The outer sheath of power cables shall be embossed in the English language along two
lines equally spaced around the circumference of the cable with the name of the
manufacturer, year of manufacture, type of insulation, number of cores, conductor size
and material and the voltage rating.
6.1(a) Cable Construction
MV power cables shall be single-core, un-armoured, with XLPE insulation, copper
conductors, and PVC outer sheath.
The cable construction shall be as follows:
Conductor :compacted circular stranded copper wires
Conductor screen : extruded semi-conducting compound
Basic insulation XLPE
Insulation screen : extruded semi-conducting compound
Overlapping copper tape screen
Copper wire screen around the copper tape screen, total cross-section not less
than 25 mm2 for phase conductors up to 240 mm2 and 35 mm2 for phase
conductor more than 240 mm2
Outer sheath: extruded PVC.
The conductor screen shall fill the interstices between the outer strands of the conductor
and provide a smooth, regular interface to the insulation layer. The insulation screen
shall be easily removed without damaging the insulation or leaving conducting material
on the insulating surface. An insulation screen that requires heat for its removal is not
acceptable.
The conductor screen, XLPE insulation and insulation screen shall be extruded in one
pass by a triple extrusion head.
Insulation shall be extruded dry cured XLPE. The eccentricity in the XPLE thickness
shall not exceed 5%.
The metallic screen shall consist of annealed bare copper wires laid on top of copper
tapes.
The outer sheath shall be an extruded hard PVC layer which is non-flammable and self-
extinguishing, with additives to protect against rodents.
6.1(b) MV Cable Terminations
Materials for cable terminations shall satisfy the service conditions, shall be water-tight
and shall be resistant to "creeping" current and to atmospheric and chemical influences
(for example low temperature, UV radiation, ground aggressive chemical substances).
Heat shrinkable tubing and moulded parts shall reduce to predetermined size and shape
when heated above 120°C and there shall be a thorough consistency in shrinking.

Stress relief at the end of the semi-conducting screen shall be carried out with a
prefabricated stress cone in the MV insulation thermal shrinking tube.
Each cable termination shall be equipped with a cable lug of corresponding cross section
area. Cable lugs shall be resistant to atmospheric influences and designed to prevent
penetration of moisture along the conductor. Compression type connectors shall be used.
7 STEEL STRUCTURES AND FOUNDATION DESIGN
7.1 General
This section shall apply to any steel structures being provided. Gantries shall be lattice
type using galvanized steel angles.
The foundations required for the gantries being supplied shall be designed by the bidder
and the design shall be submitted for approval. The design shall be in accordance with
the relevant standards, the design loads on the gantry structures. Refer to the gantry
drawings provided and to the design criteria in the General Technical Requirements.
For steel structures, design calculations shall include the computation of stresses in all
structural components. The factor of safety for each complete structure shall not be less
than 2.5 based upon the maximum working loading for normal and 2.0 for abnormal
cases. Consideration shall be given in sizing members to eliminate excessive deflection
or vibration during service. The design calculation method shall be in accordance with
international codes and specifications.
The maximum allowable stresses in tensile members shall be such as to give a factor of
safety of not less than 2.5 on the elastic limit strength. The basic factor of safety (FoS)
shall be calculated as follows:
FoS = computed strength of member / computed service load
The ultimate stress in compression members shall not exceed a value based on the elastic
limit strength. The Bidder shall submit details of the calculation.
The maximum allowable slenderness ratio for various classes of members shall be
supported by calculation sheets.
The rolled steel sections, tubes, flats, plates, bolts, nuts and bars and angles used shall
employ weldable structural steel of an approved quality to the relevant ISO and BS
standards. The steel shall be free from blisters, scale and other defects.
Bolt holes shall not be more than 1.5 mm larger in diameter than the corresponding bolt
diameter. The design is to be such as to keep the number of different parts as small as
possible and is to facilitate transport, erection and inspection.
Main members and bracing of structures shall not be less than 6 mm and 5 mm thick
respectively. Shop connections shall generally be electric arc welded or bolted. Welding
is permitted only for top plates of column's peaks and for bearing plates of column’s
corner legs. All welds must be continuous seal welds. All steelwork shall be hot dip
galvanised in accordance with chapter 4.13 of the General Technical Requirements.
Bolts and nuts shall be galvanised and fitted with spring washers. Taper washers shall be
added where necessary. Threads of bolts shall be spun galvanised and the threads of nuts
shall be oiled. No bolt shall have a diameter less than 6 mm.
All steelwork shall be hot dip galvanised in accordance with chapter 4.13 of the General
Technical Requirements. Bolts and nuts shall be galvanised and fitted with spring
washers. Taper washers shall be added where necessary. Threads of bolts shall be spun
galvanised and the threads of nuts shall be oiled. No bolt shall be of diameter less than
6 mm.
Before leaving the Bidder’s works, all members, fittings etc shall be painted or stamped
in at least two places with a marking number and/or letter corresponding to the marking
number and/or letter on an approved drawing and material list. The erection marks on
galvanised parts shall be stamped before galvanising and shall be clearly legible after
galvanising.
7.2 Load Combinations
Steelwork shall be designed to withstand simultaneously:
The dead and dynamic loads imposed by equipment including loads arising
during assembly and erection or in service.
The wind pressures corresponding to the design wind velocity of 145 km/hr
in accordance with the relevant IEC standards and codes of practice.
The earthquake effect based upon the maximum expected earthquake
intensity for the North of Iraq.
Transport stresses where steelwork is mounted on a trailer.
Incoming phase conductors to the beams from the system will be slack strung ACSR
“Teal” (30/3.61, 19/2.16)).
7.3 Foundations for Gantry Structures
All gantry structure foundations shall be reinforced concrete and a design shall be
provided for each of the following types of soils. The minimum concrete cover to
reinforcement shall be 75 mm and the cement shall be of a type appropriate to the ground
conditions. The depth of excavations and dimensions of foundations may be modified in
accordance with actual soil conditions on site.
Reinforcing steel shall be rolled steel bars or hard drawn steel wire BS 785 or cold
twisted steel bars BS 1144 or steel fabric for concrete reinforcement BS 124 or deformed
due to ASTM A-15 or A305 or any equivalent approved international standards.
Normal Foundations Units Good Soil Soft Rock
Assumed mass of kg/ m3 1600 1600
earth for
foundations
Assumed mass of kg/m3 - 1900
rock for foundations
Assumed mass of kg/m3 2300 2300
concrete for
foundations
Assumed ultimate t/m2 30 60
bearing capacity for
foundations under
specified maximum
ultimate loading,
including factor of

safety
Ultimate shear t/m2 - 3.0
stress in rock
Assumed angle to Deg 30 -
vertical of the
frustum of earth
resisting uplift
(Angle of repose)
Ultimate plain kg/m2 60 60
concrete bearing
stress
Ultimate adhesion kg/cm2 10 10
value between
galvanized steel and
concrete including
factor of safety.
Minimum % 50 50
proportion of stub
loads to be
considered in the
design of cleats
8 LV AC EQUIPMENT
8.1 LV AC Distribution Panels
LV AC distribution switchboards shall be metal enclosed, factory built, fully type tested,
assemblies which comply with the relevant IEC standards. They shall be fitted with the
following major components:
Air insulated busbars and risers,
Incoming air circuit breakers,
Outgoing moulded case and miniature circuit breakers.
LV AC switchboards shall have busbars fitted at the top and be configured for front
access. Switchboards shall be readily extensible at either end. Each circuit shall be
clearly labelled to show the destination of the associated cable. The ON and OFF
positions of circuit breakers and switches shall be clearly marked.
An interlocked bus section circuit breaker shall be provided to separate essential from
non-essential supplies.
Busbars and busbar droppers shall be provided with protective insulating barriers
between the phases and between phase and neutral or shall be insulated. The neutral
connections for each circuit shall be made directly to the neutral busbars via removable
links. The gland plates shall be provided with knockout or other approved cable entries
for accommodation of the cables and cable glands, the number and sizes of such
knockouts being such, that the outgoing terminals can be used in any combination of

single-phase and three-phase circuits. The gland plate shall not form part of the vermin
proofing barrier.
Each metallic part of the LV AC distribution panel shall be bonded together and earthed
to the main station earthing system. Each switchboard shall have a dedicated earthing
busbar running the full length of the switchboard.
Each circuit including the rating shall be shown on the appropriate drawing.
9 DC SYSTEMS
9.1 General
The substation DC supply shall be provided by nominal 110 V and 48V Nickel cadmium
batteries. There shall be one battery, two chargers and one distribution board per mobile
substation at both voltage levels. The bidder shall determine the required capacity in
accordance with the relevant standards. The DC systems shall not be earthed at either
pole. Appropriate battery earth fault monitoring devices shall be installed.
9.2 Batteries 110 V DC
9.2(a) Battery Type and Capacity
A single battery shall be provided per substation. Batteries shall be nickel cadmium type
with low internal resistance.
Each battery which shall be capable of supplying normal substation loads for at least
10 hours with the battery chargers out of service. The Bidder shall provide detailed
calculations for approval to show that the battery capacity is adequate for the substation.
However the capacity of the DC Batteries shall not be less than 80 Ah.
The nominal voltage of each cell shall be 1.2VDC and the number of cells shall be
calculated so that the sum of nominal voltages is at least 108VDC.
The batteries shall be supplied with sufficient electrolyte for initial filling and for
operation to the end of the Defects Liability Period.
9.3 Batteries 48 V DC
9.3(a) Battery Type and Capacity
A single battery shall be provided per substation. Batteries shall be nickel cadmium type
with low internal resistance.
Each battery which shall be capable of supplying normal SCADA and Communication
and substation loads for at least 10 hours with the battery chargers out of service. The
Bidder shall provide detailed calculations for approval to show that the battery capacity
is adequate for the substation.
However the capacity of the DC Batteries shall not be less than 40 Ah.
The nominal voltage of each cell shall be 1.2VDC and the number of cells shall be
calculated so that the sum of nominal voltages is at least 44VDC.
The batteries shall be supplied with sufficient electrolyte for initial filling and for
operation to the end of the Defects Liability Period.
9.3(b) Battery Construction
The terminals and inter-cell connections shall be of a high conductivity and corrosion
free material.
The design of the vent plug shall be such that it can effectively prevent the electrolyte
from spraying when the cells are under boost charge and at the same time provide
sufficient ventilation for gas to escape under the worst charging condition. The vent
shall also be designed such that it can effectively act as a flame suppresser.
During transit, blank plugs shall be fitted to prevent the formation of carbonate in the
residual electrolyte and also to prevent the collection of dust and foreign particles.
The positive terminal shall be identified by a red disk on the appropriate pillar and/or lid
next to the pillar. The negative terminal shall be identified by a blue disk.
The upper and lower electrolyte level markings shall form continuous lines on both sides
of the containers. The levels shall be clearly drawn or formed as part of the container
and they shall denote the upper and lower permissible levels of the electrolyte under
normal operations and appropriately marked as 'UPPER and 'LOWER'.
The battery and charger combination shall be mounted in a single cabinet. The cabinet
shall be electrolyte resistant and be appropriately sized for the purpose. The cells shall be
arranged so that each cell is readily accessible for test and inspection.
Battery Accessories:
A wooden battery accessories cabinet shall be provided for each battery cabinet. It shall
contain as a minimum:
A durable instruction card providing directions for battery safety and
maintenance;
3-0-3 volts voltmeter for cell testing.
Small siphon hydrometer.
Large siphon hydrometer.
Thermometer (Celsius scale).
Level testing tube.
Topping up bottle/equipment as appropriate to the type of installation.
Electrolyte resistant jugs of adequate capacity (2 nos.)

Rubber aprons (2 off)
Rubber gloves (4 pairs)
Cell lifting straps (2 off)
PVC spill trays under the battery cells.
Safety glasses-special (2 pairs)
Eye wash glasses (2 off)
All safety signs in accordance with international best practice shall be provided in the
battery rooms.
9.3(c) Battery Spares
The following spares shall be provided for each substation:
Electrolyte (concentrated) 10% of total battery requirement

Battery connectors Maximum of 6 of each type or 2% of total
in substation
Mineral jelly 1 standard tin
Battery cell 10 off
Alkaline-resistant paint Sufficient for one repainting of applicable
equipment
The mineral jelly shall be specially selected for greasing of terminals and connectors for
all cells and also steel cell tops if applicable.
Small spare parts shall be installed in the battery accessory cabinet. Large spare parts
shall be provided as loose items for storage elsewhere.
9.4 Battery Charger
9.4(a) General
Two battery chargers shall be provided for each battery. Change over to the standby
charger in the event of failure of the selected charger shall be via an automatic switching
arrangement. Battery chargers shall be constant potential, current limiting type and
suitable for unattended charging of substation batteries.
Battery chargers shall provide float and boost charging. Independent current limiting
facilities shall be provided such that the battery charger is not damaged for any overload
up to and including a continuous short circuit on the battery charger output, and shall
restore to normal operation when the overload is removed.
The power section of the battery charger shall comprise two modules each rated such that
it is capable of handling the standing load of the substation. The battery charger shall
operate correctly but at reduced rating if one of the power modules is removed.
Facility shall be provided for direct connection of an external control voltage to the
power modules in the event that the control card is not available.
Each battery charger shall be provided with an off-load isolator or disconnecting links in
the DC output and removable fuse.
A spare control card and one spare power thyristor shall be permanently installed within
each charger cabinet.
The following minimum protection shall be provided in the battery charger:
AC incoming supply circuit breakers.
High-speed fuse in the transformer secondary and DC output for protection
of thyristor stack and reverse battery connection.
RC suppression network for protection of thyristor stack.
Voltmeter fuse.
9.4(b) Controls and Indications
Each charger shall be provided with indication and control facilities on the front panel.
These shall include but not be limited to:
Green indication "AC incoming supply on"
Red indication "charger failed"
DC output voltage
AC input voltage
DC output current
Selector switch Float/Boost selection
Incoming AC supply on/off
Alarm relays shall be provided for remote indication of the following:
Incoming supply failed (or charger switched off);
Battery charger faulty.
Each alarm relay shall have at least 3 voltage free contacts. Alarm circuits shall ensure
that alarms are not annunciated for switching surges or transient conditions.
9.5 DC Distribution Board
The DC distribution board shall be mounted adjacent to the AC distribution board and
suitably rated for the duty. It shall contain segregated bus sections as required and the
necessary bus section circuit breakers.
The charger incomer switches shall be interlocked to the charger float/boost selection
switch such that operation is only possible under the following conditions:
A charger being connected to the busbar cannot be switched to boost charge.
A charger can only be connected to the busbar when selected on float charge
(or, alternatively, if the charger is connected to the load while on boost
charge, then the charger will automatically return to float charge).
All outgoing circuits shall be individually controlled and protected by two-pole miniature
circuit breakers. The number of outgoing circuits provided shall be based on the
requirements for each substation and shall provide for two (2) spare circuits.
Busbars shall have coloured markings to indicate the positive and negative polarities.
An ammeter and selector switch shall be flush mounted on the DC panel with a resistor
inside the board to indicate leakage current from either pole to earth up to 10 mA. The
DC system shall be permanently supervised by an appropriate monitoring unit.
The following alarm relays shall be provided as a minimum:
earth fault on either pole;
busbar over- or under-voltage
The alarm relays shall be provided with at least 3 voltage free contacts for each alarm
condition.
The following status indications shall be provided for connection to remote equipment:
incoming supply failed or off;
DC system earth fault (+ve & - ve)
DC bus voltage high;
DC bus voltage low.

The DC distribution boards shall include spare terminals for marshalling the alarm
cabling from the battery chargers.
10 CONTROL AND INDICATION
10.1 General
10.1(a) Design
The Bidder shall be responsible for the design of the overall control, alarm, metering and
indication systems for each substation, and shall produce all the associated concept
diagrams, block diagrams, logic diagrams, circuit diagrams, wiring diagrams, termination
diagrams, cable schedules, equipment lists and label schedules.
10.1(b) Testing
Factory tests shall include all type and routine tests on the control equipment in
accordance with the relevant IEC standards.
Site tests shall be performed in accordance with the relevant IEC standards. The
SCADA system interface shall be fully tested using simulated control inputs. All
interfaces with field equipment shall be separately tested between the field device and the
control panel and between the control panel and the field device.
10.2 Point of Control
Each item of high voltage or medium voltage switchgear shall be provided with a
"local/remote" control selector switch and control facilities at the switchgear control
cabinet. When "local" control is selected, control shall only be via the local control
facilities and no remote or automatic control shall apply. "Local" control will normally
be maintenance or testing facility. A contact of the control selector switch shall be wired
out to provide indication that "local" control is selected.
Normal control of the mobile substations shall be from:
Control devices on a mimic diagram on the equipment control panels (CP);
A remote control centre via a SCADA system.
One point-of-control selector switch shall be provided for the entire substation, and shall
be mounted on an appropriate control panel. The control selector switch shall select
"MIMIC/ SCADA".
10.3 Mimic Panel
A mimic panel shall be installed in each mobile substation and shall integrate all control
and indication devices. Colours for the mimic diagram shall be:
132 kV - black;
33 kV - brilliant green;
11 kV - red;
0.4 kV - black.
Position indication of manually controlled switchgear shall be by semaphore-type switch
position indicators. Control and position indication for motorised switchgear shall be by
a control discrepancy switch.

The OLTC control function shall be incorporated in the transformer control and
protection panel. A separate OLTC panel is not required. The required controls are
specified in clause 2.5
10.4 SCADA System Interface
10.4(a) General
A SCADA system which provides control and monitoring of substations from a remote
control centre will be provided by others. The Bidder shall provide the substation
interface to that SCADA equipment.
10.4(b) SCADA Interface Panel
The Bidder shall provide a SCADA interface panel. All digital inputs to the SCADA
system shall be provided by voltage-free contacts wired to isolatable terminals in the
SCADA interface panel.
All analogue inputs to the SCADA system shall be provided from transducers wired to
terminals in the SCADA interface panel. The terminals shall have shorting facilities
which are initially set in the short-circuit position.
All digital outputs (controls) from the SCADA system shall be wired through isolatable
terminals in the SCADA interface panel to interposing relays mounted in the appropriate
control panels. The interpose relays shall have 48 V DC coils and shall have contacts
suitably rated for switchgear control.
Cabling to the SCADA interface panel shall be by 600/1000 V multi-core twisted pair
cables with PVC insulation. Each pair shall be screened and sheathed, and the cable
shall be screened overall. Conductor cross-section area shall be not less than 1.5 mm2.
The SCADA interface panel shall contain two equal size cable gland plates. One shall be
used for cables connecting to substation equipment and the other reserved for cables
connecting to the SCADA equipment. Cabling from the SCADA interface panel to the
remote SCADA equipment will be carried out by others.
10.5 Transducers
Transducers are required for active power (MW), reactive power (MVAR), AC current
(A), AC voltage (kV), frequency (Hz) and tap position.
Transducers shall comply with the following:
voltage inputs nominally 110/ 3 V or 110 V, 50 Hz; continuous overload rating
150% nominal; 5 second overload rating 200% nominal; burden not greater than
0.5 VA;
current inputs nominally 5 A, 50 Hz; continuous overload rating 200% nominal; 5
second overload rating 1,000% nominal; burden not greater than 1.5 VA;
frequency inputs nominally 50 Hz; range 47 to 53 Hz; burden not greater than
0.5 VA;
output 4 to 20 mA; accuracy class 1.0; ripple less than 1% peak-to-peak;
temperature coefficient of less than 0.03% per °C ;
integral RFI suppression
Power transducers shall be 3 phase, unbalanced load type.

10.6 Alarm Annunciation
10.6(a) Location
Alarm annunciators shall be provided on the low voltage compartment of 11 kV and
33 kV switchgear panels and on 132 kV, 33 kV and 11 kV control panels.
10.6(b) Power Supply
Alarm annunciators shall operate from the substation 110 V DC supply. Each alarm
circuit shall include a supply monitor. An AC supply shall be utilised to provide DC
supply failure alarms.
10.6(c) Alarm Annunciator Units
Alarm annunciators units shall be solid-state type with programmable LED indication.
Each annunciator base unit shall provide a minimum of sixteen (16) alarms at 132 kV
and eight (8) for 33 kV and 11 kV. All annunciators shall be able to be extended without
changing the base unit. If more alarms are required multiple units shall be used. The
units shall be flush mounted, front of panel type.
Alarm operation shall be:
LED flashes when alarm is initiated and continues to flash until
acknowledged;
The LED shall be permanently illuminated when an alarm is acknowledged
and the initiating input has not reset;
The LED shall be extinguished when an alarm is acknowledged and the
initiating input has reset;
The LED extinguishes when an initiating input resets after an alarm has been
acknowledged.
The alarm operation shall not be affected if one or more other individual alarms in the
annunciator unit are permanently illuminated.
The alarm annunciator unit shall include an LED “test”, “alarm acknowledge” and
“reset” pushbuttons. It shall also have a grouped output which is operated whenever any
alarm within the unit is activated i.e. LED flashing or permanently illuminated. The
grouped output shall have four relay contacts. It shall be used to initiate the substation
audible alarm and, for MV switchgear panels, to initiate a grouped alarm on the common
control panel.
Alarm annunciators shall include facilities which block alarm operation for fleeting
alarm conditions.
10.6(d) Substation Audible Alarm
Two electronic horns shall be provided in each substation for audible alarm. The horns
shall have an adjustable sound level. One horn shall be in service at any time. A control
selector switch shall be provided on the common control panel to select which horn is in
service.
The horn shall be arranged to sound whenever an alarm is initiated within the substation
and to stop when the audible alarm is acknowledged. Audible alarm acknowledgement
pushbuttons shall be provided on the common control panel and at other locations within

the substation (locations to be determined during the design phase). If an audible alarm
is not acknowledged within 30 seconds, it shall automatically stop.
10.7 Metering
10.7(a) General
All required metering shall be mounted on a panel in the insulated housing.
Metering panels shall include a voltage transformer supervision relay for each VT supply
used in the metering panel. The relay shall provide an alarm if the VT supply fails and, if
applicable, initiate automatic changeover to a healthy VT supply.
Metered quantities required for the substation and SCADA system are active and reactive
import and export energy as shown under "digital indications" in the control and
indication facilities and on the Single Line Diagrams. The combination of energy meters
and tariff device shall provide all of the required quantities in an appropriate form.
Energy meters shall be suitable for setting and interrogation locally by facilities on the
device or through a notebook computer connected to the device. In case of the latter, all
relevant software shall be provided on CD and shall be installed on the notebook
computer which is to be provided for protection relay setting and testing.
10.7(b) Energy Meters
Energy meters shall be provided for all 33 and 11 kV outgoing feeders from the
substation.
Energy meters shall be a solid-state, multi-function device that includes:
measurement and display of active and reactive energy in both directions
(import and export) in separate registers with accuracy class 1.0;
measurement and display of other quantities including active and reactive
power, maximum demand, currents, voltages and frequency;
data storage in non-volatile memory;
communications interfaces
Voltage supply shall be 3-phase 4-wire.
Energy registers shall have at least seven (7) digits. The energy meter shall maintain
accuracy over the full range of the register.
Setting facilities shall include adjustment of CT/VT ratios and pulse rate.
10.8 Control and Indication Facilities
The following tables indicate control and indication facilities required. They are subject
to amendment during detailed design depending on the equipment being provided.
Facility Pnl SCADA
Substation
Controls
Substation Point of Control
Status Indications
Substation point of control.
132 kV Circuits
Controls

Facility Pnl SCADA
Circuit breaker open/close
Disconnector open/close (motorised disconnectors)
Trip relay reset
Status Indications
Circuit Breaker Open/Closed
Disconnector Open/Closed
Earth switch Open/Closed (including transformer HV star point)
CB or Disconnector in Local control
Analogue Indications
33 kV Circuits
Controls
Trip relay reset
Status Indications
Circuit breaker Open/Closed (incoming OHL and switchboard)
Disconnector Open/Closed (incoming OHL)
Earth switch Open/Closed (incoming OHL)
Earth switch Open/Closed (switchboard feeders and busbars)
Disconnector Open/Closed (capacitor)
Earth switch Open/Closed (capacitor)
CB or Disconnector in Local control
V - voltage
A - current (all incoming & outgoing circuits)
MWH export – accumulated active export energy (all outgoing
feeders from outdoor switchgear)
Transformer Tap Changer
Controls
Control Auto/Off/Manual
Manual control tap Raise/Lower
Status Indications
Tap change control Auto/Manual
Tap change in progress
V – voltage
Tap position
11 kV Circuits
Controls
Trip relay reset
Status Indications
Circuit breaker Open/Closed
Earth switch Open/Closed (switchboard feeders and busbars)
CB in Local control
V - voltage (all bus sections)

Facility Pnl SCADA
A - current (all incoming & outgoing circuits)
MW – active power (incomer)
MVAR – reactive power (incomer)
10.9 Alarm Facilities

The following tables indicate alarm annunciations to be provided on the control panel
and remotely via the SCADA interface. These may be subject to revision based on
equipment to be supplied, and are subject to confirmation during detail design.
Depending on the design some of the following individual alarms may be able to be
grouped.
Facility CP SCADA
Substation
Battery charger incoming AC supply failed (per section) *
Battery charger faulty (per section) *
DC distribution board incoming supply failed (per section) *
DC distribution board bud coupler closed *
DC supply earth fault (per section) *
DC supply overvoltage (per section) *
DC supply under voltage (per section) *
DC supply system trouble (items * grouped)
Fire Alarm
Miscellaneous Alarm
132 kV Circuits
132 kV Transformer Bay
Trip relay operated
Transformer differential protection operated
Transformer differential protection faulty *
Over current protection operated
Directional earth fault protection operated
Restricted earth fault protection operated
Circuit breaker fail protection operated
Transformer Buchholz surge
Transformer Buchholz gas *
Tap changer Buchholz surge
Tap changer Buchholz gas *
Winding temperature high stage 2 trip
Winding temperature high stage 1 *
Oil temperature high stage 2 trip
Oil temperature high stage 1 *
Trip circuit 1 faulty *
110 V DC alarm supply failed *
Protection alarm (items * grouped)

Facility CP SCADA
Circuit breaker selected for local control +
Circuit breaker pressure low stage 2 trip
Circuit breaker pressure low stage 1 +
110 V DC control supply failed +
Switchgear AC supply failed +
Circuit breaker alarm (items + grouped)
Transformer pressure relief operated #
Transformer oil level abnormal #
Tap changer pressure relief operated #
Tap changer oil level abnormal #
Tap changer AC supply failed #
Transformer fans AC supply failed #
Transformer alarm (items # grouped)
33 kV Circuits
Incoming from Transformer 132/33
Circuit breaker not fully racked in +
Circuit breaker pressure low stage 2 trip (SF6 CB)
AC supply failed +
Incoming from or Outgoing to Overhead Line
Directional over current protection operated
Auto reclose operated
Auto reclose locked out *
AC supply failed +
Voltage transformer supply faulty (incomer only)
Outgoing to Transformer 33/11 kV

Facility CP SCADA
Trip relay operated
Transformer differential protection operated
Transformer differential protection faulty *
Restricted earth fault protection operated
Tap changer Buchholz surge
Tap changer Buchholz gas *
Winding temperature high stage 2 trip
Winding temperature high stage 1 *
Oil temperature high stage 2 trip
Oil temperature high stage 1 *
AC supply failed +
Transformer pressure relief operated #
Transformer oil level abnormal #
Tap changer pressure relief operated #
Tap changer oil level abnormal #
Tap changer AC supply failed #
Transformer fans AC supply failed #
Transformer alarm (items # grouped)
11 kV Circuits
Incoming from Transformer
AC supply failed +

Facility CP SCADA
Voltage transformer supply faulty
Outgoing to Auxiliary or Earthing Transformer
Neutral earth fault protection operated (auxiliary transformer only)
AC supply failed +
Outgoing Feeders (not to Transformer)
Load shed operated
AC supply failed +
Voltage transformer supply faulty (incomer only)
Note:
Items marked * grouped on each panel
Items marked + grouped on each panel
Items marked # grouped on each panel
Items marked @ grouped on each panel

11 SUBSTATION PROTECTION
11.1 General
11.1(a) Relay Location
Protection relays and associated equipment for indoor medium voltage equipment shall
be flush mounted on the low voltage compartment of the relevant switchgear panels.
Protection relays and associated equipment for outdoor switchgear shall be flush
mounted on relay panels in the housing.
All current and voltage inputs to protection relays shall be connected through appropriate
flush-mounting test socket blocks located on the same panel as the protection relay.
11.1(b) Protection Relays
All protection relays shall be digital types and shall comply with the relevant IEC
standards.
Protection relay setting shall be from the front of the relay using built-in pushbuttons and
an alphanumeric display.
Each protection relay shall have a facility for connection to a notebook computer for
setting, monitoring and testing the relay. A notebook computer complete with software
and any necessary interfaces/peripherals shall be supplied with each mobile substation
for this purpose and shall become the property of the Purchaser.
A pulse lengthening facility shall be provided to ensure that all alarms and change of
status are recognised whenever, in the course of correct protection operation, there are
fleeting contacts closures which could be of insufficient duration for associated alarm
annunciation or change in status of a SCADA input.
11.1(c) DC Power Supplies
Protection relays and associated equipment shall operate correctly for voltages between
80% of nominal voltage to 110% of float voltage without use of external voltage
dropping devices.
Protection relays shall not utilise batteries other than those of the substation 110 V DC
supply, for example, built-in batteries. Protection relays shall have sufficient stored
energy to sustain correct operation for 10 ms in the event of loss of DC supply.
Each relay shall have its own power supply DC/DC converter unit. In situations where
more than one relay is installed in the same case a common power supplies unit plus an
installed spare maybe used.
Protection circuits shall be segregated from associated switchgear control circuits. DC
circuits for primary protection shall be segregated from those for secondary protection
such that failure of one DC circuit shall not disable both primary and secondary
protection. For MV indoor switchgear, protection DC circuits may be integrated with
one of the trip circuits.
11.1(d) Fault Clearance Time.
Protection shall be designed to satisfy the following maximum fault clearance time under
all system conditions including maximum DC current offset. The maximum clearance
time for 132 kV transformer faults shall be 100 msec.

11.1(e) Protection Settings
Protection settings shall be determined by the Bidder and submitted for approval during
the detailed design phase.
11.2 Relay Requirements
The protection relays to be provided shall be in accordance with the following and the
Single Line Diagrams:
11.2(a) 132 kV Equipment
132 kV Transformer
Transformer biased differential protection
Non directional over current and earth fault protection (secondary
protection)
Restricted and stand by earth fault protection, 33 kV/11.5 kV
neutral (secondary protection)
Transformer protections incorporated in the transformer
(Buchholz, temperature, etc.)
Circuit breaker failure protection
Trip circuit supervision (each trip circuit)
DC circuit supervision (each DC circuit)
11.2(b) 33 kV Equipment
33/11 kV Transformer
Transformer biased differential protection (2-winding transformer,
primary protection)
Over current and earth fault protection (secondary protection)
Restricted earth fault protection, 11KV neutral (secondary
protection)
Transformer mechanical protections (Buchholz, temperature, etc.)
Incoming & Outgoing OH Line Feeders
Directional or non-directional over current and earth fault
protection
Automatic recloser
Neutral point displacement earth fault protection (where equired)
Under frequency load shed

11.2(c) 11 kV Equipment
Over current and earth fault protection
Neutral point earth fault protection
Transformer mechanical protection
Outgoing feeders
Over current and earth fault protection
Automatic reclose
Under frequency load shed
11.3 Over current and Earth Fault Protection

Over current and earth fault protection shall be multi-functional, multi-characteristic,
three phase relays.
Relays shall have independent settings for operating curve, currents and times. The
design of the relay shall be such that the setting adjustments can be carried out without
taking the relay out of service. Time multiplier and current settings shall be adjustable
over a wide range in accordance with best modern practice. Each relay shall be equipped
with at least one RS232 serial port.
11.4 Circuit Breaker Failure Protection
Circuit breaker fail protection shall operate if, after protection operation, fault current
persists. Time shall be set in the range 50 ms to 1 second.
The protection shall be implemented using a current element and independent timer
elements. If the circuit breaker protection operates, all circuit breakers closed onto the
same bus section as the faulty circuit breaker shall be tripped, and, if appropriate, an
inter-trip shall be sent to the far end of the circuit with the faulty circuit breaker.
Circuit breaker failure protection shall operate all trip circuits of the relevant circuit
breakers.
11.5 Automatic Reclose
Automatic reclose facilities shall be provided on each outgoing MV feeder and shall be 3
phases, time delayed, multi-shot reclose subject to synch check and/or dead line check as
appropriate. The number of reclose shots before lockout shall be selectable.
A switch shall be provided to switch the automatic reclose facility in or out of service.
Automatic re-closure shall be blocked if a circuit breaker is already open when the
protection operates and for an adjustable time delay after the line is energised.
The dead time and reclaim time shall be adjustable. The reclose command shall last for
approximately 2 seconds after which the relay shall reset.

11.6 Trip Circuit Supervision
A trip supervision relay shall be provided for each circuit breaker trip coil. It shall
provide continuous supervision of the trip circuit irrespective of the status of the circuit
breaker or tripping/control devices. The relay shall have a time delay to prevent an alarm
for circuit breaker change of status or other transients. The relay shall have current
limiting such that no fault within the relay can initiate or prevent circuit breaker tripping.
11.7 Transformer Differential Protection
The transformer differential protection shall be a biased type with maximum sensitivity
and minimum operating time consistent with stability for through faults and magnetising
inrush current.
Independent facilities shall be provided to enable bias and operating settings to be
adjusted. The minimum operating setting shall not be greater than 20% of the rated full
load current of the transformer.
The protection shall be designed to ensure stability on any transformer tap position under
maximum through fault conditions with maximum DC offset. An infinite source is to be
assumed and the through fault current calculated using the transformer impedance only.
The protection shall incorporate harmonic type magnetising inrush current restraint. The
transformer differential protection shall also incorporate:
Over current protection
Restricted earth fault protection
Disturbance and event recording facilities
Single and three-phase time delayed under voltage and over voltage protection.
11.8 Under frequency Load Shed
Under frequency protection relays shall be suitable for load shed application. They shall
have at least two (2) frequency stages, each with an independently adjustable time delay.
Feeders subject to load shed shall have a selector switch to select the applicable stage of
under frequency. The selector switch shall also include a "load shed off" position.
11.9 Neutral Point Displacement/Back-up Earth fault
Neutral point displacement protection shall detect earth faults in unearthed systems.
Relays shall be static, microprocessor-based and shall be voltage polarised from the open
delta connection of the busbar VTs. Relays shall be fitted with adjustable settings and
time delays.
11.10 Voltage Transformer Supervision
Voltage transformer supervision relays shall detect failure of one or two phases of a 3-
phase voltage transformer supply whereby a faulty phase voltage is less than 50%
nominal voltage and a non-faulty phase is close to nominal voltage. Relay output shall
be delayed to cater for transient conditions.
11.11 Trip Relays
Trip relays shall be a multi-contact tripping relay designed for electrical protection
application.

Trip relay contacts shall be suitably rated to satisfactorily perform their required duty and
relay operating time shall not exceed 10 ms from initiation of trip relay operating coil to
contact closure.
Trip relays shall have a hand-reset flag indicator. Latched trip relays shall have hand and
electrical reset of contacts.
12 EARTHING AND LIGHTNING PROTECTION
12.1 Earthing
The earthing of all plant and the provision of earthing systems, electrodes and
connections shall be in accordance with the recommendations of IEC, BS 7450 and IEEE
80 “Guide for Safety in Substation Grounding”, other relevant standards, good practice
and the requirements of this specification
All supporting steelwork, mechanism boxes, switchboards and any other equipment that
requires connection to earth shall be connected to a main copper earth bus comprising the
earthing system on each trailer. The bus shall be suitably rated for the purpose and be
installed on the 2 sides of each trailer. It shall have provision for connection to 12 earth
rods with all necessary clamps and bolted connections. All such earthing equipment shall
be provided by the Bidder.
Provision shall also be made for connection of each trailer earthing system to the main
earth grid of a fixed substation. Two spare bolted connections on the main earth bar shall
be provided for this purpose. In addition six spare connection points shall be provided on
each trailer for any additional auxiliary earth connections required during operation.
12.1(a) Jointing and Bonding
All connections from equipment to the main earth bar shall be brazed or welded. Bolted
connections may be used elsewhere.
The neutral points for all high voltage systems within the substation shall have duplicate
connections to the closest main earth bar. These connections shall use annealed high
conductivity stranded copper in accordance with the relevant IEC standards with a
suitably rated conductor protected with an extruded PVC , 1000 volts insulation level
where necessary. Where support structures are used, they shall have a dedicated
connection to the earth grid. The points of connection in respect of principal items of
plant shall include but not be limited to:
1) The base of each support structure.
2) The earth blades of each earthing switch.
3) The mechanism enclosure on each circuit breaker, isolator and earthing
switch. This shall be independent of the connections under (a) and (b) above.
Transformer tanks at two points at which steel lugs are provided.
4) Bases of cable sealing end structures and where appropriate to cable sheaths.
5) Indoor plant, i.e. earth bars on:
a) Control and relay panels
b) LVAC switchboards
c) DC switchboards and chargers
d) MV switchgear ( 2 connections)

12.1(b) Tests at Site
The resistance of each connection shall be measured at site and compared to factory tests
to check the integrity of the overall system and to ensure that no damage has occurred
during transport.
12.2 Lightning Protection
A complete lightning protection system using faraday rods shall be installed. The rods
shall be removable for transport. The rods shall be hot dip galvanized.
The designs, installation and materials for the lightning protection systems shall be in
accordance with the relevant IEC standards and this specification. The lightning
protection system shall be interconnected with the earthing system. The connections
shall form the most direct path for lightning currents from the air terminals to the earth
electrodes.
The design calculations shall be subject to Purchaser approval.
13 HOUSING FOR SWITCHGEAR AND PANELS
13.1 General
An insulated metal housing shall be provided and shall contain all MV switchgear,
control and protection panels as well, batteries and chargers, DC and AC low voltage
distribution boards and fire protection board. It shall exclude the main transformer,
neutral earthing equipment, outdoor 132 kV equipments and any other equipment
suitable for outdoor installation.
13.2 Technical Specifications
The design and construction of the housing shall be in accordance with the relevant IEC
standards and the specifications below.
The housing shall have a removable roof to facilitate installation and removal of
switchgear panels. In addition appropriate inspection hatches shall be installed to enable
inspection of critical aspects of the switchgear.
There shall be at least one door for personnel access. A second door shall be installed if
justified for safety reasons. The requirement for the second door will depend on the
design of the housing.
13.2(a) Metal Work
All metals and metal work components whether fabricated on or off site shall have a first
class finish and be free from scale, rust, damage or other defects. Components shall be
properly assembled and jointed in a neat and functional manner. Welded connections
shall be ground off as necessary to present a clean smooth finish. First class materials
shall be used.
Steel doors and windows shall be of standard manufacture approved by the Purchaser in
accordance with BS 6510 or IEC equivalent. Furnishing and fitting of doors and
windows shall include but are not limited to hinges (four for large doors, three for
others), pull handles, push plates, kick plates, knobs and lever sets, door closures, door
stops, flush bolts, panic bolts and latches.

13.2(b) Painting
Paints for priming, undercoating and finishing shall be of the best quality. High quality
pure acrylic copolymer-based washable emulsion paint with compatible primer, resistant
to corrosion, water fungus, shall be used.
13.2(c) Cable Entry
Cable entries into the housing shall be completely sealed around the cables to prevent the
entry of vermin, water, and dust, using a suitable sealing method to the Purchaser’s
approval.
13.2(d) Housing Drainage
Appropriate drainage shall be provided as required.
13.2(e) Air-Conditioning and Heating
An air-conditioning/heating system shall be installed utilizing a reverse cycle air-
conditioner. It shall be designed for continuous operation, shall be fully automatic in
operation and shall be capable of maintaining internal conditions within the limits
specified below:
Summer 30 ± 2 deg C, Winter 20 ± 2 deg C
The maximum temperature reached inside the housing on the loss of air-conditioning
during the outside peak ambient shall not exceed the maximum allowable temperature for
safe and reliable operation of all equipment inside the housing, in particular the solid
state metering, control and protection and alarm systems.
14 TRAILERS
14.1 General
The substation shall comprise not more than two semi-trailers. It is envisaged that two
trailers will be required. If this is the case, for the 132 kV substations, one trailer shall
contain the 132kV equipment, the power transformer and the neutral earthing
equipment. The second trailer shall contain the insulated housing containing the MV
equipment and control, metering and protection panels and the AC distribution board
and DC supplies. The MV trailer will also contain the hand operated cable reel for
stowage for transport of the MV and LV connecting cables between the two trailers.
In the case of the 33/11 kV substations, one trailer shall contain the power transformer
and neutral earthing equipment and the second trailer shall contain the MV equipment
(including the incoming feeder) and the housing and cable reel. All equipment, in
particular insulators, which is mounted on the trailers, shall be suitably braced for
transport. The Bidder shall state in its bid how such bracing is to be achieved.
The Bidder shall also provide suitable cable ladder with supports and covers for laying
and installing the interconnecting cables between trailers.

14.2 Trailer Specification
The overall specification of the trailer shall comply with all relevant international
standards and shall be the responsibility of the Bidder. The following minimum
requirements shall apply:
(1) The first trailer shall be a low bed type fitted with three (3) axles and designed for
transport over rugged road conditions and able to carry not less than (55Ton) load
(which carried Power TR. And 132KV C.B). Full consideration shall be given to
the protection of all equipment during transport. It shall be able to be coupled to
any standard prime mover. The prime mover is outside the scope of supply of this
contract.
(2) The second trailer shall be a low bed type fitted with tow (2) axles and designed
for transport over rugged road conditions (which carried MV panels).
(3) Each trailer shall be fitted with a removable access ladder, tool box complete with
all relevant tools, two (2) spare tyres, and four (4) independent hydraulic jacks.
(4) The transformer trailer shall be fitted with a drip tray to cater for containment of
minor oil leaks.
Other technical details are contained in the technical schedules. The required ground
safety clearances to energized HV apparatus shall be maintained in accordance with the
relevant IEC standards when the trailers are in place in the final position
15 LIGHTING AND LV AC POWER SUPPLY
15.1 General
The Bidder shall supply and install all necessary equipment for lighting and power on the
trailers.
The lighting and LV AC power supply equipment shall include the following:
LV distribution board with associated equipment
Small power equipment (sockets, switches, distribution boxes and connecting
boxes and associated equipment) and installation material and accessories
Indoor and outdoor lighting equipment
15.2 Lighting
15.2(a) Lighting levels
The lighting levels shall be as follows:
(1) 60 lux at all outdoor mechanism and terminal boxes
(2) 20 lux within a perimeter of 5 m around each trailer.
(3) 300 lux on the fronts of control and protection panels
Due consideration shall be given in the design to reduction of light output with ageing of
the luminaries.
15.2(b) Normal Indoor Lighting General
The building lighting system shall operate at 230V, 50 Hz. All lighting
materials/products shall be of similar visual appearance and ensure a satisfactory

operation and service life under reasonable variation of voltage, frequency and the
climate condition prevailing in northern Iraq.
The design calculations shall be subject to approval by the Purchaser.
15.2(c) Emergency Indoor Lighting
The normal indoor luminaries shall be capable of use as an emergency light. Emergency
indoor lighting shall operate automatically for 5 minutes after loss of AC.
15.2(d) Outdoor Lighting
Outdoor light fittings shall be robust, metal clad weatherproof construction. Both indoor
and outdoor lighting shall be operated from switches adjacent to the personnel door on
the housing.
15.3 Socket Outlets
Two sets of twin single phase and two single three phase 32 A outlets shall be mounted
on each trailer. Socket outlets and fused connection units shall have large capacity tunnel
type terminals for easy wiring and utilize a spring flap cap. The outdoor sockets shall be
waterproof.
Distribution boards shall comply with the relevant IEC standards. All boards shall be
fitted with phase, neutral and earthing busbars, associated MCB connection straps and
phase separation barriers. Phase busbars shall be suitable rated and fully protected with
an integral, high impact, thermo-plastic shroud. All MCBs shall be recessed behind a
full-length steel door with main incomer readily accessible.
Enclosures for distribution boards shall be a robust all metal construction. Distribution
boards shall be surface mounting with access for the cable/wire from the bottom of the
board. A co-ordinated numbering system for easy identification of circuits on live,
neutral and earth busbars shall be provided.
Miniature circuit breakers shall have trip-free mechanisms and shall operate even when
held in the ON position and provide combined protection against overload, short-circuit
and internal faults. Residual current devices (RCD) shall be provided for power circuits.
15.4 Cables and Cables Installation
Cabling shall be PVC/PVC insulated.
All cables shall be suitably protected whether indoor or outdoor. Cables inside the
housing shall be run in wall/ceiling spaces and/or in neat surface mounted conduits.
Outdoor cables shall be installed in covered metal cable trays and conduit.
16 FIRE DETECTION SYSTEM AND PORTABLE EXTINGUISHERS
16.1 General
An appropriate fire detection and alarm system shall be installed. The system and
components shall be proven in service over a number of years and be sourced from a
specialist manufacturer. An established maintenance and spares service shall be
available regionally.
16.2 Design of Fire Alarm System
Smoke detectors shall be in accordance with BS 5445 (Part7).
A manually operated alarm shall be provided as well with an initiating point near the
door of the housing at each exit. This shall be fully integrated with the automatic fire
detection and alarm system. Actuation of either shall sound the same audible alarm and
give the same visual warning.
The detection system shall monitor the switchgear and panel areas and be divided into
zone. Both remote and local alarms shall be generated.
The fire detection and alarm systems shall use a DC power supply from a sealed
maintenance free battery which is float charged from the AC supply and which shall have
a capacity adequate for eight hours of operation in the event of loss of the AC supply.
The AC supply shall be obtained from an individual outlet with MCB on the AC
distribution cabinet. The control unit shall be housed in a lockable sheet steel wall-
mounting cabinet. The cabinet shall have a degree of protection of IP51.
The following facilities shall be included:
Individual isolating switches and indicating lamps for each zone where applicable.
Silence alarm facility. This shall not cancel the visual indications.
Reset facility to return all systems to normal following an alarm.
Test facilities for the complete system and for individual zones.
Power supplies and outputs as described above.
Supervision facilities to continuously monitor the condition of all circuits and
external wiring, and to initiate an indication in case of any abnormal condition.
Where "Fire" and "Fault" alarms are provided these shall be brought back
separately to the Remote Control Interface Cabinet. However, in the control room
both "Fire" and "Fault” alarms shall operate the "Fire Alarm" signal.
Provision for connection to the SCADA interface panel.
The cable used in the wiring of the fire detection and alarm systems shall be double
insulated plastic, red in colour cable installed in galvanised conduit.
16.3 Portable Fire Extinguishers
A portable 25 kg dry powder fire extinguisher shall be located on the transformer trailer.
A 9 kg dry powder type shall be located outside the switch room housing and two (2)
stored pressure carbon dioxide types shall be located inside the housing.
17 TRAINING AND FAT
17.1 Overseas Training
The Bidder shall provide for a total of four (4) engineers from the Erbil Directorate of
MOE. The training shall be carried out at the Bidder's and/or manufacturer's premises
utilising a fully assembled mobile substation. The Bidder shall provide all travel between
Erbil and the location of the training, and accommodation and subsistence for the period
between departing from and returning to Erbil.
Training shall be provided as follows:
Complete Mobile – four persons for two weeks to be in parallel with the FAT
witness.
The training shall comprise a balanced combination of classroom training and hands-on
experience, and shall cover all aspects of equipment selection, installation, operation and

maintenance. Where practicable, the training shall include factory inspections and
observation of factory tests.
The Bidder shall provide a programme of overseas training and course synopses
concurrent with submission of its programme for factory inspection and testing.
The Bidder shall submit to the Purchaser a copy of all classroom material handed out to
the trainees.
17.2 Factory Acceptance Testing
The Bidder shall provide for a total of four (4) engineers from the Ministry to attend
factory acceptance and testing on the complete mobile substation at the manufacturer's
premises. The Bidder shall provide all travel, accommodation and subsistence for the
period between departing from and returning to Erbil.
17.3 In-Country Training
The Bidder shall provide training on site to four (4) Regional Electricity Office
personnel. The training shall comprise a balanced combination of classroom training and
hands-on experience, and shall cover all aspects of equipment installation, testing and
commissioning and operation and maintenance. Regional Electricity Office personnel
may be assigned full-time to the Bidder for on-the-job training.
The Bidder shall provide a programme for site training and course synopses not later than
four (4) weeks prior to mobilisation to site. The Bidder shall also submit to the Purchaser
a copy of all classroom material handed out to the trainees.

05 Appendix C - Particular Technical Requirements

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05 Appendix C - Particular Technical Requirements

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KURDISTAN REGIONAL GOVERNMENT

PARTICULAR TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

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1 POWER TRANSFORMERS ........................................................................................ 6

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4 NEUTRAL POINT EARTHING EQUIPMENT

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Electrolyte resistant jugs of adequate capacity (2 nos.)

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10.9 Alarm Facilities

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11.3 Over current and Earth Fault Protection

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