Petroleum Experts: Reservoir Engineering Toolkit

Petroleum Experts
MBAL
Reservoir Engineering Toolkit
Version 8.1
December 2005
USER GUIDE
The information in this document is subject to change as major improvements and/or
amendments to the program are generated. When necessary, Petroleum Experts will
issue the proper documentation.
The software described in this manual is furnished under a licence agreement. The
software may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of the agreement. It
is against the law to copy the software on any medium except as specifically allowed in
the licence agreement. No part of this documentation may be reproduced or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
recording, or information storage and retrieval systems for any purpose other than the
purchaser's personal use, unless express written consent has been given by Petroleum
Experts Limited.
All names of companies, wells, persons or products contained in this documentation

are part of a fictitious scenario or scenarios and are used solely to document the use of
a Petroleum Experts product.
Address: Registered Office:

Petroleum Experts Limited Petroleum Experts Limited
Spectrum House Spectrum House
2 Powderhall Road 2 Powderhall Road
Edinburgh, Scotland Edinburgh, Scotland
EH7 4GB EH7 4GB
Tel: (44 131) 474 7030
Fax: (44 131) 474 7031
email: edinburgh@petex.com
Internet: www.petex.com
MBAL
1 Introduction.............................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Brief Tool descriptions............................................................................................................. 2
1.2 About this guide....................................................................................................................... 3
1.3 How to use this guide .............................................................................................................. 3
2 Using the MBAL application................................................................................................... 1
2.1 File Management................................................................................................................... .. 1
2.1.1 Opening and Saving Files ............................................................................................. 1
2.1.2 Append .......................................................................................................................... 2
2.1.3 Defining the Working Directory...................................................................................... 3
2.1.4 Preferences ................................................................................................................... 3
2.1.5 Viewing the Software Key ............................................................................................. 5
2.1.6 Selecting Printers and Plotters ...................................................................................... 5
2.1.7 The Windows Clipboard ................................................................................................ 5
2.1.8 Windows Notepad ......................................................................................................... 6
2.2 Setting the Units ...................................................................................................................... 6
2.2.1 Defining System Units ................................................................................................... 7
2.2.2 Defining the Global Unit System ................................................................................... 7
2.2.3 Changing individual variable units................................................................................. 7
2.2.4 Minimum and Maximum Limits...................................................................................... 9
2.2.5 Conversion Details ...................................................................................................... 10
2.2.6 Resetting the Units ...................................................................................................... 11
2.2.7 Generating a Units Report........................................................................................... 12
2.3 Getting Help........................................................................................................................... 12
2.3.1 Accessing Help............................................................................................................ 12
2.3.2 Help through the menu................................................................................................ 12
2.3.3 Getting help using the mouse and keyboard............................................................... 13
2.3.4 Minimising Help ........................................................................................................... 13
3 Data Import............................................................................................................................... 1
3.1 Importing Data in MBAL .......................................................................................................... 1
3.1.1 Importing an ASCII File ................................................................................................. 2
3.1.2 Importing data from an ODBC Datasource ................................................................... 4
3.2 Static Import Filter ................................................................................................................... 5
3.3 ASCII File Import ..................................................................................................................... 6
3.3.1 Import Set-up................................................................................................................. 6
3.3.2 Line Filter....................................................................................................................... 7
3.3.3 Import Filter ................................................................................................................... 8
3.4 ODBC Database Import ........................................................................................................ 10
3.4.1 Filter Set-up ................................................................................................................. 10
3.4.2 Choose Table & Fields ................................................................................................ 11
4 Plots, Reports .......................................................................................................................... 1
4.1 The Plot Screen....................................................................................................................... 1
4.1.1 Leaving the plot screen ................................................................................................. 1
4.1.2 Resizing the display ...................................................................................................... 1
4.1.3 Modifying the plot display .............................................................................................. 2
4.1.3.1 Plot scales (New!!!).................................................................................................. 2
4.1.3.2 Display menu........................................................................................................... 3
4.1.3.2.1 Labels .................................................................................................................. 4
4.1.3.2.2 Colours ................................................................................................................ 4
4.1.3.2.3 Plot line widths..................................................................................................... 5
4.1.3.2.4 Fonts.................................................................................................................... 6
4.1.3.2.5 Plot Legends........................................................................................................ 6
4.2 Output...................................................................................................................................... 6
4.2.1 Selecting a printer or plotter .......................................................................................... 6
4.2.2 Making a hard copy of the plot ...................................................................................... 7
4.3 Changing the plotted variables............................................................................................. ... 7
4.4 Reporting ................................................................................................................... .............. 8
4.4.1 Selecting sections to include in the report..................................................................... 8
4.4.2 Solving printing problems ............................................................................................ 11
5 Defining the system ................................................................................................................ 1
PETROLEUM EXPERTS LTD

MBAL
5.1 Reservoir Analysis Tools......................................................................................................... 1

5.2 System options........................................................................................................................ 2
5.2.1 Tool options ................................................................................................................... 3
5.2.2 User information ............................................................................................................ 3
5.2.3 User comments and date stamp ................................................................................... 3
6 Describing the PVT ................................................................................................................. 1
6.1 Selecting the PVT method....................................................................................................... 2
6.2 Black Oil PVT Descriptions ........................................................................................... 5
6.2.1 PVT for Oil ..................................................................................................................... 5
6.2.2 Controlled Miscibility Option .......................................................................................... 6
6.2.3 Matching correlations .................................................................................................... 7
6.2.4 Using PVT tables......................................................................................................... 10
6.2.5 PVT Tables for Controlled Miscibility........................................................................... 11
6.2.6 Variable PVT for Oil Reservoir .................................................................................... 12
6.2.7 PVT for Gas................................................................................................................. 13
6.2.8 Water Vapour Option................................................................................................... 14
6.2.9 Black Oil PVT for Retrograde Condensate ................................................................. 16
6.2.10 Black Oil Condensate model validation procedure ..................................................... 18
6.2.11 PVT for General Model................................................................................................ 27
6.2.12 Multiple PVT Definitions .............................................................................................. 29
6.2.13 Checking the PVT calculations.................................................................................... 31
6.3 Compositional Modelling ....................................................................................................... 34
6.3.1 EOS Model Setup........................................................................................................ 35
6.3.2 Compositional Tracking............................................................................................... 40
6.3.3 Fully Compositional fluid description........................................................................... 45
7 Quick Start Guide on Material Balance tool ......................................................................... 1
7.1 Data Available ......................................................................................................................... 1
7.2 Setting up the Basic Model...................................................................................................... 2
7.3 Matching to Production History data in MBAL......................................................................... 8
7.3.1 Using Simulation Option to Quality Check the History Matched Model ...................... 13
7.4 Forecasting............................................................................................................................ 14
7.4.1 Rel Perm Matching...................................................................................................... 14
7.4.2 Confirming the validity of the rel perms....................................................................... 17
7.5 Predicting reservoir pressure decline without a well ............................................................. 25
7.6 Predicting production and reservoir pressure decline with a well model .............................. 27
8 The Material Balance Tool ...................................................................................................... 1
8.1 Material Balance Tank Model.................................................................................................. 2
8.1.1 Recommended Workflow .............................................................................................. 4
8.2 MBAL Graphical Interface ....................................................................................................... 5
8.2.1 Manipulating Objects..................................................................................................... 5
8.2.2 Viewing Objects............................................................................................................. 8
8.2.3 Validating Object Data................................................................................................... 8
8.3 Tool Options ............................................................................................................................ 9
8.4 Input.......................................................................................................................................
12
8.4.1 Wells Data ................................................................................................................... 12
8.4.1.1 Setup ..................................................................................................................... 12
8.4.1.2 Production / Injection History................................................................................. 13
8.4.1.3 Production Allocation............................................................................................. 14
8.4.2 Tank Input Data ........................................................................................................... 15
8.4.3 Tank Parameters ......................................................................................................... 15
8.4.3.1 Water Influx ........................................................................................................... 20
8.4.3.2 Rock Compressibility............................................................................................. 21
8.4.3.3 Rock Compaction .................................................................................................. 23
8.4.3.4 Pore Volume vs. Depth ......................................................................................... 24
8.4.3.5 Relative Permeability............................................................................................. 28
8.4.3.5.1 Relative Permeability Hysteresis....................................................................... 30
8.4.3.5.2 Calculate Tables from Corey Functions ............................................................ 31
8.4.3.5.3 Production History ............................................................................................. 31
8.4.3.5.4 Entering the Tank Production History................................................................ 31
8.4.3.5.5 Calculating the Tank Production History and Pressure..................................... 33

MBAL
8.4.3.5.6 Calculating the Tank Production History Rate Only .................................. ........34
8.4.3.5.7 Plotting Tank Production History ............................................................... ........34
8.4.3.5.8 Production Allocation................................................................................. ........35
8.4.4 Transmissibility Data ................................................................................................... 36
8.4.4.1 Transmissibility Parameters ...................................................................................... ..36
8.4.4.2 Transmissibility Production History .................................................................... ...40
8.4.4.3 Transmissibility Matching .................................................................................. ....41
8.4.5 Transfer from Reservoir Allocation......................................................................... .....42
8.4.6 Input Summary .................................................................................................... ........42
8.4.7 Input Reports .................................................................................................... ...........42
8.5 History Matching............................................................................................................. ...... .43
8.5.1 History Setup ............................................................................................................. ..44
8.5.2 Analytical Method ................................................................................................... .....45
8.5.2.1 Regressing on Production History...................................................................... ...47
8.5.2.2 History Points Sampling .................................................................................... ....49
8.5.2.3 Changing the Weighting of History Points in the Regression .......................... .....50
8.5.3 Graphical Method .................................................................................................. ......52
8.5.3.1 Changing the Reservoir and Aquifer Parameters ........................................ .........54
8.5.3.2 Straight Line Tool ........................................................................................ ..........54
8.5.3.3 The Best Fit Option..................................................................................... ...........55
8.5.3.4 Locating the Straight Line tool................................................................... ............ 55
8.5.3.5 Graphical method results ........................................................................... ...........55
8.5.4 Energy Plot ........................................................................................................ ..........56
8.5.5 WD Function Plot............................................................................................... ..........57
8.5.6 Abnormally pressured gas reservoirs...................................................................... ....57
8.5.7 Simulation.................................................................................................................... 60
8.5.8 Fw / Fg / Fo Matching................................................................................................. . 64
8.5.8.1 Running a Fractional Flow Matching ..................................................................... 66
8.5.9 Sensitivity Analysis..................................................................................................... .67
8.5.9.1 Running a Sensitivity............................................................................................ .67
8.6 Production Prediction .................................................................................................................. 69
8.6.1 Prediction Setup ................................................................................................................. 71
8.6.2 Production and Constraints ................................................................................................ 75
- Voidage Replacement and Injection ..................................................................................... .79
8.6.3 DCQ Swing Factor (Gas reservoirs only)......................................................................... ..80
8.6.4 DCQ Schedule ................................................................................................................ ...81
8.6.5 Well Type Definitions....................................................................................................... ...81
8.6.5.1 Well Type Setup ........................................................................................................ ..82
8.6.5.2 Well Inflow Performance ......................................................................................... ....83
8.6.5.3 More Well Inflow Performance ............................................................................... .....85
8.6.5.4 Inflow Performance (IPR) Models ............................................................................. ..87
8.6.5.5. Multirate Inflow Performance.................................................................................... ..90
8.6.5.6 Gas and Water Coning Matching ............................................................................. ...91
8.6.5.6.1 Gas Coning Matching............................................................................................ .91
8.6.5.6.5 Water Coning Matching....................................................................................... ...93
8.6.5.7 Well Outflow Performance.......................................................................................... .94
8.6.5.8 Tubing Performance.................................................................................................. ..96
8.6.5.8.1 Constant Bottom Hole pressure ........................................................................... ..96
8.6.5.8.2 Tubing Performance Curves .................................................................................. 96
- Cullender Smith correlation ................................................................................................... 99
8.6.5.8.3 Witley correlation................................................................................................... 100
8.6.6 Testing the Well Performance........................................................................................... 101
8.6.7 The Well Schedule ........................................................................................................... 102
8.6.8 The Reporting Schedule.................................................................................................... 103
8.6.9 Running a Prediction ........................................................................................................ . 105
8.6.9.1 Saving Prediction Results .......................................................................................... 106
8.6.9.2 Plotting a Production Prediction ................................................................................. 107
8.6.10 Displaying the Tank Results............................................................................................ 108
8.6.11 Displaying the Well Results............................................................................................. 108
9 Monte-Carlo Technique .......................................................................................................... 1

MBAL
9.1 Program Functions .................................................................................................................. 1

9.2 Technical Background............................................................................................................. 1
9.3 Tool Options ............................................................................................................................ 3
9.4 Distributions............................................................................................................................. 4
10 Decline Curve Analysis.................................................................................................................. 1
10.1 Programme Functions ............................................................................................................... 1
10.2 Tool Options ............................................................................................................................ 1
10.3 Production History ................................................................................................................... 2
10.4 Matching the Decline Curve .................................................................................................... 5
10.5 Prediction Set-up..................................................................................................................... 7
10.6 Reporting Schedule................................................................................................................. 8
10.7 Running a Production Prediction............................................................................................. 9
11 1D Model ............................................................................................................................. ............ 1
11.1 Program Functions .................................................................................................................... 1
11.2.1 Simultaneous Flow ........................................................................................................ 2
11.2.2 Fractional Flow .............................................................................................................. 2
11.3 Tool Options ............................................................................................................................ 3
11.4 Reservoir and Fluids Properties.............................................................................................. 4
11.5 Relative Permeability............................................................................................................... 6
11.6 Running a Simulation .............................................................................................................. 7
11.6.1 Plotting a Simulation...................................................................................................... 8
12 Multi Layer Tool.............................................................................................................................. 1
12.1 Programme Functions ............................................................................................................... 1
12.3 Tool Options ............................................................................................................................ 4
12.4 Layer Properties ...................................................................................................................... 5
12.4.1 Relative Permeability..................................................................................................... 6
12.5 Running a Calculation ............................................................................................................. 7
13 Reservoir Allocation Tool.............................................................................................................. 1
13.1 Background ............................................................................................................................. 1
13.2 Reservoir Allocation Tool Capabilities..................................................................................... 4
13.3 Graphical Interface .................................................................................................................. 4
13.4 Tool Options ............................................................................................................................ 5
13.5 Input Data ............................................................................................................................. ... 6
13.5.1 Tank Input Data ............................................................................................................. 6
13.5.2 Well Input Data .............................................................................................................. 7
13.5.3 Transfer from Material Balance ..................................................................................... 8
13.6 Calculations ............................................................................................................................. 9
13.6.1 Setup ........................................................................................................................... 10
13.6.2 Run Allocation ............................................................................................................. 10
13.6.3 Tank Results................................................................................................................ 11
13.6.4 Well/Layer Results....................................................................................................... 12
Appendix A ............................................................................................................. Examples 1
A1 Water Drive Oil Reservoir........................................................................................................ 1
A1.1 Setting up the Problem.................................................................................................. 1
A1.2 PVT Menu...................................................................................................................... 2
A1.3 Reservoir Input .............................................................................................................. 5
A1.4 Rock Properties ............................................................................................................. 5
A1.5 Relative Permeability..................................................................................................... 5
A1.6 Production History ......................................................................................................... 6
A1.7 History Matching............................................................................................................ 7
A2 Well by Well History Matching............................................................................................... 12
A3 Multitank modelling.......................................................................................................... ...... 27
Other Example Files........................................................................................................................ 40
Appendix B - References.................................................................................................................... 1
Appendix C -MBAL Equations ........................................................................................................... 1
C1 Material Balance Equations..................................................................................................... 1
C1.1 OIL................................................................................................................................. 1

MBAL
C1.2 GAS .............................................................................................................................. 2

C1.3 OGIP Calculations ........................................................................................................ 2
C1.4 Natural Depletion Reservoirs ........................................................................................ 2
C1.5 Abnormally Pressured Reservoirs ................................................................................ 2
C1.6 Water Drive Reservoirs ................................................................................................. 3
C2 Aquifer Models ........................................................................................................................ 3
C2.1 Small Pot....................................................................................................................... 3
C2.2 Schilthuis Steady State ................................................................................................. 3
C2.3 Hurst Steady State ........................................................................................................ 4
C2.4 Hurst-van Everdingen-Dake ......................................................................................... 5
C2.5 Hurst-van Everdingen-Odeh ......................................................................................... 7
C2.6 Vogt-Wang .................................................................................................................... 8
C2.7 Fetkovitch Semi Steady State ....................................................................................... 8
C2.8 Fetkovitch Steady State ............................................................................................... 10
C2.9 Hurst-van Everdingen Modified ................................................................................... 11
C2.10 Carter-Tracy ................................................................................................................ 12
C3 Relative Permeability ............................................................................................................ 13
C3.1 Corey Relative Permeability Function ......................................................................... 13
C3.2 Stone method 1 modification to the Relative Permeability Function .......................... 13
C3.3 Stone method 2 modification to the Relative Permeability Function .......................... 14
C4 Nomenclature ........................................................................................................................ 15
C4.1 Subscripts ................................................................................................................... 17
Appendix D-Fluid Contacts Calculation details .............................................................................. 1
D-1 Pore Volume vs. Depth.............................................................................................................. 1
D-2 Standard Fluid Contact Calculations ......................................................................................... 4
D-3 Trapped Saturation Fluid Contact Calculations ......................................................................... 9
D-4 Trapped Saturation Fluid Contact Calculations ....................................................................... 15
Appendix E- Trouble Shooting Guide .............................................................................................. 1
E-1 Prediction not Meeting Constraints ............................................................................................ 1
E-2 Production Prediction Fails ........................................................................................................ 1
E-3 Pressures in the Prediction are increasing (With No Injection) ................................................. 2
E-4 Reversal in the Analytic Plot ...................................................................................................... 2
E-5 Difference between History Simulation and Analytic Plot .......................................................... 2
E-6 Dialogs Are Not Displayed Correctly ......................................................................................... 3

1 Introduction
This user guide gives an introduction to the key features available in the MBAL
program developed by Petroleum Experts.
MBAL is in a package made up of various tools designed to help the engineer to gain a
better understanding of reservoir behaviour and perform prediction run. So far, the
various tools available in MBAL are:
Figure 1.1:
Tools in MBAL
- Material Balance,
- Reservoir Allocation
- Monte Carlo volumetrics,
- Decline Curve Analysis,
- 1-D Model (Buckley-Leverett) and
- Multi-Layer
This document explains the basic procedures to follow in order to set-up a MBAL model
using the examples provided. This user guide focuses on how to use the various
program features as analytical tools to solve engineering problems. The appendix B at
the end of this manual gives a list of the references for the various models implemented
in the MBAL software package. The User is encouraged to consult the appropriate
references for more details.
2-3 Chapter 1 - Introduction
1.1 Brief Tool descriptions

Material Balance:
This incorporates the classical use of Material Balance calculations for history matching
through graphical methods (like Havlena-Odeh, Campbell, Cole etc.). Detailed PVT
models can be constructed (both black oil and compositional) for oils, gases and
condensates. Furthermore, predictions can be made with or without well models and
using relative permeabilities to predict the amount of associated phase productions.
MBAL can also be tied into GAP for integrated production modelling studies, providing
an accurate and fast reservoir model as long as the assumptions of material balance
are valid for the real situation to be modelled.
Reservoir Allocation:
When a well is producing from multiple layers, it is essential for an engineer to know
how much each layer has contributed to the total production. Traditionally, this reservoir
allocation has been done based on the kh of each layer. This approach does not take
the IPR of the layers into account and also ignores the rate of depletion of the layers.
The Reservoir Allocation tool in MBAL improves the allocation by allowing the user to
enter IPRs for each layer and calculates the allocation by taking the rate of depletion
into account as well. Crossflow is also accounted for in the model, as well as different
start/finish times for the wells. Impurities are also tracked and can provide an effective
measure of the quality of the underlying assumptions in the case where few data is
available.
Monte Carlo Simulation:
This tool enables the user to perform statistical evaluation of reserves. Distributions can
be assigned to variables like porosity or thickness of the reservoir and the program will
generate the range of probabilities associated with a reserves range.
Decline Curve Analysis:
Production data can be fitted to Hyperbolic, Exponential or Harmonic declines. These

can be then extrapolated into the future for generation of forecasts.
1D Model:
This is the classic Buckley Leverett tool for predicting breakthrough times and
saturations in a water flooding scenario.
Multi Layer:
Relative Permeability averaging for different layers can be done using this tool, based
on a variety of methods (like Stiles for instance). There rel perms can then be used in
MBAL or the Buckley Leverett tool for further analysis.
Petroleum Experts
Chapter 1 - Introduction 3-3
1.2 About this guide

MBAL is Windows based software. Chapter 2 of this guide gives a brief summary of the
basic Windows features needed to run MBAL.
The screen displays used in this guide are taken from the examples provided with the
software. On occasion, the data files may vary from the examples shown as updates to
the program are issued. Where major amendments or changes to the program require
further explanation, the corresponding documentation will be provided.
Before a modelling exercise, the objectives of the exercise should be defined. Once the
objectives are defined, the chapters in this document are organised to correspond with
the steps one might follow to set-up an MBAL model in order to achieve the objectives.
1.3 How to use this guide

Depending on your needs and the amount of time available to become familiar with the
program, this guide may be used in different ways. The step by step examples of the
Quick Start Guide as well as Appendix A provide a detailed account of building Material
Balance models and performing predictions. If more details on any of the options are
required, then the various chapters relevant to the options in question can be consulted.
If you are new to Windows applications, we recommend you read this guide to the end
to become familiar with the program features, menus, and options.
This is the slow approach, but will cover all you need to know about the program and
might be in the end more beneficial as the Windows basics would have been clearly
understood.
Use this approach only if you are already familiar with the facilities available in the
program, or if you only wish to use a particular analysis tool (e.g. Monte-Carlo).
If you are limited with time and want to sample the program features quickly, follow the
instructions provided with the examples in Appendix A or the Quick Start Guide. These
will show how to run a quick analysis trying each feature for a particular case.
MBAL User Guide

2 Using the MBAL
application
For first time users, this chapter covers the essential features of data management. In
addition to the MBAL procedures used to open files save and print files, this chapter
also describes the procedures to establish links to other Windows programs, define the
system units and getting help. The options and procedures discussed in the following
sections are found under the File, Units, and Help menus.
2.1 File Management

The following sections describe the File menu commands:
Figure 2.1:
File Menu
2.1.1 Opening and Saving Files

When you first start MBAL, the program automatically opens the last file accessed. If
you do not want to work with this file, other data files can be opened quickly and easily
at any time during the current working session. To open a file, choose File - Open, or
press Ctrl+O. The following screen is displayed:
2-13 Chapter 2 - Using the MBAL Application
Figure 2.2:
MBAL- Open File
A dialog box appears listing in alphabetical order. The files in the default data directory
are automatically shown first. A file can be opened as for any Windows application.
The standard MBAL file type is the *.MBI file. This type is displayed by default. The only
other file type available is the MBR file. The only use of this type of file is as an output
file from GAP which stores the results from a GAP prediction that can be read by
MBAL.
Saving files can be done as for any Windows application.
2.1.2 Append
This option allows the user to merge different MBAL files:
Figure 2.3:
Append
This can be useful in the case where users created MBAL files for reservoirs
independently and would like to have all reservoir models in the same MBAL file.
Petroleum Experts
Chapter 2 - Using the MBAL Application 3-13
2.1.3 Defining the Working Directory

The Data Directory option specifies the default working directory where files will be
saved in and picked up from. This facility makes it more efficient to access data files.
Whenever you open, close or create new files, the program automatically selects the
files or saves to the directory defined in this option.
2.1.4 Preferences
The preferences option allows setting various MBAL preferences.
Figure 2.4:
Preferences Menu
These include:
• Compress Data Files
Select yes to compress (zip) data files when saving to disk. This facility is useful
for managing very large data files.
• Dialog Font
This changes the screen display, font type and size. Only fonts installed under
Windows are displayed. Refer to your Windows manual for more information on
installing fonts.
• Format Numerical Input Fields

This option specifies how the numerical input fields are displayed.
If this is set to Yes, numbers will be displayed with a fixed number of digits e.g.
0.3000 or 12.00. Also the number is centred within the field.
If this option is set to No, numbers will be displayed with as few digits as
necessary e.g. 0.3 or 12. Also the number is left justified within the field.
• Reload Last File Used at Startup

If you select Yes, MBAL will load the file that was in use the last time you ran
MBAL. If No is selected, MBAL will not load any file when it starts.
• File History List Length
MBAL User Guide

The file menu normally keeps a list of the last files that were accessed by MBAL.
This entry allows you to control the number of files which appears in this list. The
maximum number of files is 10.
• Display Results during Calcs.

If No is selected, MBAL will not update the dialogs with the results until the end
of the prediction and simulation calculations. This will mean that the calculation
progress will not be visible. However, it will speed up the calculations by up to
25%.
• Include Well Downtime in Constraints

Normally system constraints should be applied to the instantaneous rate i.e. the
rate without factoring by the well downtime. However you may switch this option
on to make MBAL include the well downtime in the constraints. Note that prior to
V7.0 this option was always switched on.
• IPR/VLP Tolerance
This value can be used to control the tolerance used in calculation of VLP/IPR
intersections. The tolerance used in the calculation is the average layer pressure
multiplied by the value displayed in this field. For example, if you enter 0.001
then the tolerance used will be 0.1% of the average layer pressure.
The default value of 0.001 will handle calculate most intersections accurately
and keep calculation times at a reasonable level. However some cases
(particularly with high PIs) may give poor results - in these cases a smaller
tolerance may give better results although the calculations will be slower.
• Negative VLP Tolerance (Liquid)

This value can be used to control if IPR/VLP solutions are allowed at rates
where the VLP is negative (and therefore the rate is unstable). This value is
used for any oil or water well but it is not applied to injectors.
If any negative values are entered (such as the default of -1) then MBAL will
calculate its own tolerance, which is a
Petroleum Experts
2.1.5 Viewing the Software Key

The Software Protection command activates the REMOTE software utility program that
allows access to the software protection key. The REMOTE facility indicates what
programs are enabled on the key, the program expiration date, and the key and client
number. This utility is also used to activate the key when the program licence has date
has expired, or update the key when more program modules are acquired.
Figure 2.5:
Remote utility
2.1.6 Selecting Printers and Plotters

Use these menu options to select the output (printer or plotter) devices.
2.1.7 The Windows Clipboard

The Clipboard command provides access to the Windows clipboard where data can be
viewed, saved, retrieved or deleted. This command option can be used to view data
from MBAL calculations that are not intended for printing.
MBAL User Guide

2.1.8 Windows Notepad

The Notepad command provides direct access to the Windows text editor. This
application is useful to make notes of current analysis for later inclusion in reports. This
option can also be used view the results of calculations that have been saved to a file.
2.2 Setting the Units

Use the Units menu to define the measurement units that are used in dialog boxes,
calculation output, reports and plots. This can be accessed as shown below:
Figure 2.6:
Accessing the units
dialog
The following screen will appear:
Figure 2.7:
MBAL Units System
2.2.1 Defining System Units

In MBAL, the units can be changed / selected at two levels. These are at the MBAL
global level or at an individual variable level.
Petroleum Experts
2.2.2 Defining the Global Unit System

A particular unit system can be selected from the drop-down list boxes at the top of the
unit columns. This will change the default units for all variables in GAP. The options
available are shown below:
Figure 2.8:
MBAL Global Units
System
2.2.3 Changing individual variable units

It is also possible to change the units of individual variables in MBAL to generate a user
specific set of units that can be saved and picked up later in other MBAL models.
To change units of individual variables and create a mixed set of units follow the steps
below:
To view and select the variables, move the scroll bar thumb in any direction, up or
down, until you locate the variable.
MBAL User Guide

Figure 2.9:
MBAL Individual Units
System
The corresponding input and output unit categories will scroll simultaneously. From the
appropriate unit category (Input/Output), select the preferred measurement unit for the
unit selected. To view the list of units click the arrow to the right of the field. To select a
unit, click the name to highlight the item:
Figure 2.10:
MBAL Individual Units
System
To view the conversion between the currently selected unit and the base (default) unit
for the variable in question, click the blank button to the right of the units drop down list.
Note that a change to the input or output units in the unit database is global with
respect to that variable, and will affect entries made in the variable database (accessed
from the Controls button). For example, a change in the input unit of Pressure will
affect, among others, the Layer Pressure in the Well IPR Input screen.
Once all the changes have been made Press on save button and it will prompt you for a
name to be given to the mixed set of units.
Petroleum Experts
Figure 2.11:
Saving a Units system
This system will then appear in the Global Units Systems:
Figure 2.12:
Saved Units system
2.2.4 Minimum and Maximum Limits

When a dialog is accessed and data entered, the program checks that each input value
is within a range of values defined by a minimum and maximum value. This is to avoid
obviously erroneous values being used as input to the calculations. Each measurement
type has its own set of limits:
MBAL User Guide

Figure 2.13:
Limits
The program provides a default set of limits but the units dialog allows changing these
values. Note that the minimum and maximum fields are displayed in the current input
units.
2.2.5 Conversion Details

You can also change the precision for each measurement unit. Depending on you
program format settings, the precision controls how many decimal places are used
when a value is displayed by the program.
Click on the details button for the measurement type that you wish to change:
Petroleum Experts
Figure 2.14:
Details
This displays a dialog that allows changing the precision.
Figure 2.15:
Details
Please note that there is a different precision for each possible unit.
2.2.6 Resetting the Units

Click the Reset button to reset the units to their original state (after the first installation
on this PC). This will reset all unit selections, minimum/maximum values and
precisions. It will also delete all user defined unit system.
MBAL User Guide

2.2.7 Generating a Units Report

A report of the system units can be printed either directly to the printer, to an ASCII text
file, or the Windows clipboard. To print a units report choose the Report command. You
will be prompted to specify the output device and appropriate format. Click Report
again to start the report. When printing to a file, the program prompts you to enter a
name for the report. The .TXT extension is automatically given by the program.
2.3 Getting Help

MBAL has an on-line help facility that allows quick access to information about a menu
option, input field or function command without leaving the MBAL screen.
Figure 2.16:
Help Menu
The help facility offers function buttons and jump terms to move around the Help
system. The function buttons are found at the top of the window and are useful in
finding general information about Windows help. If a feature is not available, the button
associated with that function is dimmed. Jump terms are words marked with a solid
underline that appear in green if you use a colour VDU. Clicking a jump term, moves
you directly to the topic associated with the underlined word(s).
2.3.1 Accessing Help

To get information quickly in MBAL, the following methods display the on-line help.
2.3.2 Help through the menu

From the menu bar, choose Help Index or ALT H I, and select the subject you want
from the list of help topics provided.
Petroleum Experts
2.3.3 Getting help using the mouse and keyboard

To get help through the mouse, Press SHIFT+F1. The mouse pointer changes to a
question mark. Next, choose the menu command or option to view. An alternative way
is to click the menu command or option to view, and holding the mouse button down,
press F1. To get help using the keyboard press the ALT key followed by the first letter
of the menu name or option and press F1.
2.3.4 Minimising Help

If you want to close the help Window, but not exit the help facility, click the minimise
button in the upper-right corner of the help window. If you prefer using the keyboard,
press ALT Spacebar N.
MBAL User Guide

3 Data Import
This chapter describes the MBAL program import facilities. These allow data to be
imported into MBAL from external files or databases.
3.1 Importing Data in MBAL

This facility enables you import tabular data from a wide variety of files and databases.
MBAL uses the idea of a filter ‘template’ for defining the format of a file or database to
be imported and how the data in the import file maps to the data in MBAL. These filters
can be configured visually and can be saved to disk for future use. They can also be
distributed easily to other users.
Wherever the button is available, data can be imported directly into the
program tables. In some cases, the program provides the user with permanent (or hard-
coded filters) such as tubing performance curves imports or imports from the binary
files of other Petroleum Experts products. In most cases, user defined filters can also
be created and saved to disk. These software filters can be created and used once
(Temporary Filter), or they can be stored for future use (Static Filters).
Temporary filter:
A temporary filter is created by using the Temporary Filter file type. A temporary filter
can only be used once. After the data has been imported, the filter ‘script’ is destroyed
immediately afterwards.
Static filter:
If a filter is built as a Static Filter, the ‘script’ of the filter can be stored on the disk and
retrieved to be re-used or re-edited. It can also be distributed to other users of MBAL.
Static filter are stored in on disk into binary files with the MBQ extension.
Once the filter has been stored it will appear automatically in the File Type combo box.
To create a static filter, click on the Static Filter and then click on New (see the Static
Filter topic below).
Warning: Static filters only appear in the File Type combo box if the corresponding
MBQ file has been stored in the default data directory.
The data import dialogue is used to import data from the 2 sources currently supported
by MBAL:
ASCII files
Open Database Connectivity sources (ODBC).
Depending on the type of data being imported, only some of the data sources may be
available.
2-11 Chapter 3 - Data Import
Figure 3.1:
Data import
Once a data source has been selected using the Import Type combo box, the dialog
will display only the fields relevant to that data source.
Command Buttons Data Import Dialogue

Done Runs the selected filter and imports data into table
Static Calls the static filter dialogue. If the current Import Type is ASCII file, an Filter
ASCII file filters will be displayed. If it is ODBC, then an ODBC filter will be
created
ODBC Calls the ODBC administration program, which should reside in your
windows system directory if you have ODBC installed on your machine. The
program is used to set up data sources so that they may work with ODBC.
(ODBC option only)
The following two sections describe the method of importing data from the various data
sources.
3.1.1 Importing an ASCII File

This facility enables you import tabular data from a wide variety of files and databases.
You may select hard coded filters or build a static filter to import your data. A filter is
configured visually and can be distributed easily to other users. Each column of
numbers can be modified if the correct unit does no appear in the program. Once
configured the import static filters appear on the import dialogues together with any
hard coded import file types in the program.
Petroleum Experts
Chapter 3 - Data Import 3-11
Figure 3.2:
Data import - ASCII files
Input Fields for ASCII file

File Name
The full path name of the file to import may be entered in this field. When you press
done the file will be imported using the currently selected File Type. If a segment of a
path is entered into this field the dialog will be updated to show the contents of the new
directory.
File Type
This combo box displays the relevant import filters. These include the hard coded filters
and any static filters which have been created for this particular section of the program
(i.e. filters displayed when the import dialog is called from the PVT table will be different
to those shown when the import dialogue is called from the Production History table. If
the Temporary Filter option is left selected, the program will create a temporary filter
that is deleted once the data has been imported.
Browse
Click this button to select a file from your hard disk or network drive.
For more information on the set-up of the ASCII file import filter, see the ASCII File
Import section below.
MBAL User Guide

3.1.2 Importing data from an ODBC Datasource

This feature has been designed around the Open Data Base Connectivity standard to
present the user with a common interface to a wide variety of data sources. The ODBC
drivers which currently exist can support such diverse sources as dBase files and
Oracle 7. At present data can be imported from 1 table at a time and supported with
additional SQL to filter the data set.
ODBC is an addition to the operating system (i.e. WinXP, NT 4.0) and as such is not
supplied by Petroleum Experts Ltd.
Figure 3.3:
Data import - ODBC
Datasource
Input Fields for ODBC Database

Run Filter
This combo box shows the import filters which are relevant. The filters run by this tool
are similar to queries run on a database. If you have temporary filter selected a
temporary filter is created, but it deleted after the data has been imported. When a filter,
other than Temporary, has been selected you cannot select a data source from the list
box.
Available Data Sources

This list box can be used to select any of the databases which have been set up with
ODBC tools on your computer. Once selected, you can build a temporary filter to import
the data. This filter is destroyed after it has been run. To save a filter click the static
filter button to set up a permanent filter.
For more information on the set-up of the ODBC Database import filter see the ODBC
Database Import section below.
Petroleum Experts
3.2 Static Import Filter

This feature allows you to build filters which can be re-used or even distributed to other
users of the program. Any filters that are built as static filters will be listed on the data
import dialogue. If it is an ASCII filter it will be in the list of filter types, and if it is for an
ODBC data source it will appear in the list of filters to run. The temporary filter option
displayed in these lists is a static filter which is run once, then destroyed.
Static filters are administered with the Static Filter dialog shown below. This dialog will
list the filters for the current import type, i.e. if it is ASCII File only files which contain
ASCII filters will be listed. Consequently when the New, Copy or Edit buttons are
clicked you are given the options relevant to the import type.
Figure 3.4:
Static Filters
This screen is accessed by the Static Filter button on the file import dialogs which It
appear throughout the program. is from here that the import filters can be managed.
The list box is used to select a filter whose details are then displayed at the bottom of
the screen.
Command Buttons:
New Creates a new filter then displays the Import Set-up screen.
Copy Copies the currently selected filter then displays the File Import Filter
screen.
Edit Reads the currently selected filter then displays the File Import Filter screen
Delete Deletes the currently selected filter.
MBAL User Guide

3.3 ASCII File Import

This facility is designed to let you import tabular data from a wide variety of files and
databases. A filter is configured visually and can be distributed easily to other users.
Each column of numbers can be modified if the correct unit does not appear in the
program. Once configured the import filters appear on the import dialogs together with
any hard coded import file types in the program. The following screens are only used to
modify these filters.
3.3.1 Import Set-up

On this dialog you can specify the name and description of the filter to be created or
edited. It is also used to define the example file to be used when defining the filter.
Figure 3.5:
Import Set-up (ASCII file)
Input Fields
ASCII File
The full path name of the example file to be used for the definition of the filter must be
entered in this field.
File Format
Select the format of the example file specified above. This defines how MBAL
separates the columns of data in the example file.
Name
A name for the filter type must be entered here. This will appear in the file type field of
an import dialog.
Description
Up to 120 characters may be entered here to give a more comprehensive reminder of
the operation of the filter. The description only appears in the bottom section of the
Details field on the Import Filters dialog.
Column Width
Enter the number of characters in which you wish each data column to be displayed in
the next filter definition dialog.
Command Buttons
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Browse Calls up a file selection dialogue. The selected file and path is entered into the
ASCII file input field.
3.3.2 Line Filter

On this screen the user can define the area of the file, which contains the data to
import. The check boxes may be used in together to build up complex rules. There is a
hierarchy to the rules to prevent duplication.
The First n lines and Last n lines options can be used to remove sections of the file
which are always of a fixed length. These two options define the area of the file within
which the rest of the options work.
The Before string and After string can be used to ignore parts of the file which may
vary in length. The string can be any pattern of characters which appear somewhere on
the boundary line.
The Table End section only has one option, Stop at First Blank line, which will cause
the import filter to stop reading data from the file at the first occurrence of a blank line.
All of the options above are processed in the order in which they are described.
Together they describe an area of the file in which the following options can remove
further lines from the data import.
The Lines starting with non numeric option will ignore all lines whose first character
(not including spaces) is non numeric.
The Lines starting with string option allows you to enter a pattern (up to... characters)
which will then exclude lines from the import.
Figure 3.6:
Import Set-up (Line Filter)
Input Fields
All of these fields are only available if the option is checked.
First n lines
Enter the number of lines, starting from the top of the file, to be ignored.
MBAL User Guide

Last n lines
Enter the number of lines, starting from the bottom of the file, to be ignored.
Lines starting
Enter the pattern which occurs at the start of lines to be ignored.
Before
Enter the pattern which occurs somewhere in the last line which is to be ignored (from
the start of the file).
After
Enter the pattern which occurs somewhere in the first line to be ignored (after reading
has started).
3.3.3 Import Filter

On this page you can define how the filter reads each line from the file. A text window
displays the ASCII file or database, which is completely greyed except for the data area
the first time this screen is displayed. From this screen data can be matched with the
variable names and the data units can be set.
If you are defining a new filter you should call up the Import Filter dialogue to define the
data area. Once this is done you may select columns of data for each field in the list
box. Once defined, this column will be blue. If the selection in the Field Names list box
changes the column will turn red.
In the Field Format area you can set the units of the data in the import file. The Shift
and Multiplier fields can be used to modify the data before it is converted into the units
set for the program.
The graphical selections are echoed into the files in the Data Area section.
Alternatively the column number of line section may be entered here.
Figure 3.7:
Import Filter
Input Fields
Unit
A combo box can be used to list the units defined for the measurement in the MBAL
program.
Petroleum Experts
If the measurement is of time and the unit is date:
Format
A date format can be entered here using the characters Y, M & D separated by an “/”.
When no day is included in the date you are prompted for the day of the month on
which the measurements regularly occur. If the date in this field is to be the ‘end of the
month’ any number greater than 30 can be entered. If the data in the file contains no
delimiters the format defines the number of characters read as the day, month & year.
For example:
data: 8901 format : YYMM result is January 1989
data: 8901 format : YYM result in an error
data: 8901 format : MYY results is August 1990
data: 89/01 format : M/Y results is January 1989
∫ MBAL picks up the default date format from the Windows International settings.
Otherwise:
Multiplier The data read from the file is multiplied by this number.
Shift This number is added to the product of the Multiplier and the data read
from the file.
If less than This field can be used to handle entries below this value in a special way.
If the carry over radio button is set, the last valid value read is copied to
this entry in the table. When the ignore radio button is set the value will be
set to a blank in the table.
If the file type is delimited:

Column Enter the column of numbers displayed on the screen which contains the
data. Any valid graphical selection will be echoed in this field.
If the file type is fixed format:

Start Enter the column in which the data starts.
End Enter the column in which the data ends.
These fields will echo any valid graphical selection and must contain the longest
number in the column of data.
Command Buttons:
Reset Prompts the user to confirm the resetting of the data in the filter.
Filter Displays the Import Filter dialogue.
Set-up Displays the Import Set-up dialogue.
Done When the user is defining a new filter a file selection dialogue is displayed
for you to enter a file name. If you are editing an existing filter it will be
saved automatically when this button is pressed.
MBAL User Guide

3.4 ODBC Database Import

This facility is designed to let you import data from a database. The ODBC (Open
Database Connectivity) standard has been used as it allows the users to work in the
same manner with a wide variety of data sources. Note that you must have ODBC
drivers already installed on you PC to use these features. ODBC drivers are not part of
MBAL and must be purchased separately.
The ODBC filter operated in the same way as the ASCII filter (described above) with
the exception of the 2 dialogues used to define the data set.
3.4.1 Filter Set-up

This dialog is used to select the data source on which the filter is to be based. When
building a static filter you are required to enter a name for the filter which will appear in
the Run Filter combo box of the Data Import dialogue.
Figure 3.8:
Filter Set-up (ODBC)
Input Fields
Name
A name for the filter type can be entered here. This will appear in the file type
field of an import dialogue.
Description
Up to 120 characters may be entered here to give a more comprehensive
reminder of the operation of the filter. The description only appears in the bottom
section of the Details field on the Import Filters dialogue.
Available Data Sources

Data sources which have been configured to communicate with ODBC
Command Buttons:
Done Calls the Table/Fields dialogue
ODBC Calls the ODBC administrator program.
Petroleum Experts
3.4.2 Choose Table & Fields

Once a data source has been chosen you can select the table and fields to include in
your filter. Data can be imported from one table at a time with the current system.
Figure 3.9:
Import Filter
Input Fields
Tables
Select the table from which you want to retrieve data.
Fields
Select the fields that contain the data you want to import.
Additional SQL
Additional Structured Query Language can be entered here to filter the data set.
This section is designed for use with one shot filters (i.e. Temporary) and is not
saved in the static filter file.
MBAL User Guide

4 Plots, Reports
This chapter describes the MBAL program plot and report facilities. It explains how to
modify a plot, change plot colours and print a plot display. This chapter also describes
the report dialogue box and explains how to set up a report and export it.
4.1 The Plot Screen

Plot screens can be accessed directly through the relevant dialogue box using the Plot
command button. Where data has been saved, the program also gives you the facility
of accessing a plot through the relevant menu. Throughout MBAL, the menu command,
or command button to access a graphic display will always be Plot. A screen similar to
the following appears:
Figure 4.1:
MBAL plot screen
4.1.1 Leaving the plot screen

The plot screen's Finish menu command will exit the current plot screen and return you
to the previous dialogue box.
4.1.2 Resizing the display

A plot display can be enlarged to view a particular section of the display more closely.
This is done by zooming in on any portion of the screen. To magnify an area:
First place the plot cross-hairs near the area of interest. (Imagine drawing a box over
the area to view and position the cross-hairs on any corner of the box.)
Holding down the LEFT mouse button, drag the pointer diagonally across the area of
interest. A rectangle will temporarily be drawn over the area to magnify. Release the
mouse button.
The screen display will automatically enlarge or magnify the area you have selected.
After zooming, double-clicking the grid area or choosing the Redraw menu command
will reset the plot display to its original scales.
2-11 Chapter 4 - Plots, Reports
4.1.3 Modifying the plot display

Options are available in the Display menu to change the plot scales, axes labels and
plot colours. Displays can also be modified to exclude (or include) the plot legend,
cross-hair status information or curve data points.
 Any change made to a plot display applies only to the current active plot. That is, changes to a
plot display are plot specific.
4.1.3.1 Plot scales (New!!!)

To change or save the plot display scales, choose the Scales option from the menu.
The following menu box will appear:
Figure 4.2:
Scales Menu
The Edit screen allows the user to edit the scale options.
Figure 4.3:
Scales options
Petroleum Experts
Chapter 4 - Plots, Reports 3-11
Entering the new minimum and maximum values for the X and Y axis, and pressing
Done will return to the plot display with the updated axis and grids.
Normally when a plot is displayed, the program will automatically calculate the scales
required to view all the data to plot.
Some plots allow the user to save the plot scales for each variable (e.g. tank pressure,
oil rate). This will mean that the same scales are always displayed when a particular
variable is displayed rather than being recalculated. These scales are saved to disk.
For example, if you have a plot displaying oil rate, there will be three menu options:-
Save Oil Rate Scale

Select this option to save the current oil rate scale.
Restore Oil Rate Scale

Select this option to redisplay the plot with the saved oil rate scales.
Reset Oil Rate Scale

Select this option to delete any saved scales. This will return the program to normal
behavior where the scales are recalculated each time we enter the plot.
There will be similar menu options for each displayed variable.

There will also be similar menu options to save/restore/reset all displayed variables.
4.1.3.2 Display menu

The display menu allows the user to view and alter the plot labels, colours etc, as
shown in the screenshot below:
Figure 4.4:
Plot Display - Labels option
MBAL User Guide

4.1.3.2.1 Labels
The labels menu allows changing the default labels to the ones preferred by the user:
Figure 4.5:
Plot Display - Labels option
4.1.3.2.2 Colours
MBAL uses a palette of colours that allows the user to customise the plot display to suit
personal preferences. The colour settings can be customised at any time. The colours
chosen can be saved so they become defaults for all plots, and/or modified temporarily
for a single plot. To access the plot colour options, choose:
Figure 4.6:
Plot Display - Colours Option
The following screen appears:
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Figure 4.7:
Plot Display - Colours
Option
The plot colour screen is generally sectioned into three parts: plot elements, plot
variables , and colour scheme. Every item in the lists displayed can be selected, and
each will accept any of the defined colours. Changing a colour involves the following
steps:
First select the desired colour scheme: colour, grey scale or monochrome; colour
schemes affect entire plots.
Next select the plot item to modify. To select a plot item, highlight the item name.
Lastly choose the desired shade from the colour bar available for the scheme selected.
Separate colour schemes can be defined for the screen and hardcopy plots.
4.1.3.2.3 Plot line widths

This dialog allows the user to change the width of lines on the plots. Enter a line width
between 1 and 9:
Figure 4.8:
Display - Line Widths
Once a change has been made to the line width, it will stay in force until exiting the
program. However, if you wish to keep the line width setting the next time you run the
program, click the Save button. This will store the line width setting in the INI file.
MBAL User Guide

4.1.3.2.4 Fonts
This dialog allows the user to change the fonts that appear on the plot. Note that the
fonts selected are also used when outputting the plot to a printer or plotter.
4.1.3.2.5 Plot Legends

The Display menu provides additional options for excluding (or including) the plot
legend, mouse status information and curve data points. To activate the appropriate
option click the menu item, or use the key combination indicated to the right of the
menu item. Where the option is active, a tick will appear to the left of the menu item.
Legend Off excludes the legend indicating the plot input data. (Shift+F6)
Cursor Off excludes the grey status bar located at the bottom of the plot screen
displaying the X and Y co-ordinates of the plot cross-hairs. (Shift+F7)
Symbol Off excludes the data points of the displayed plot curves. (Shift+F8)
4.2 Output
The Output option in the plot menu allows the user to send the plot to a printer, the
clipboard or create a windows metafile with the plot (*.wmf file):
Figure 4.9:
Output Options
4.2.1 Selecting a printer or plotter

On starting MBAL, the printer used is the default printer as specified by Windows.
However you can change to another printer within MBAL by clicking on the File/Printer
Options button. This will also allow selecting additional settings appropriate to the
printer.
Figure 4.10:
Printer selection
Petroleum Experts
4.2.2 Making a hard copy of the plot

The Output menu command enables you to make or send copies of the plot display to
include in your reports. You are given the choice of selecting one on the following
output media:
• Hardcopy sends the plot display directly to the attached printer or plotter in the
format and layout specified in the Printer setup.
• Clipboard sends a copy to the Windows clipboard. The contents of the clipboard
are deleted and replaced whenever a new plot is sent to the clipboard. If you
want to keep the plot in the clipboard, start your preferred Windows draw
program and open a new document. Next, select the program's Edit menu and
choose the Paste command.
• Windows Metafile, generates a *.WMF that can be imported into most Windows
graphics programs (e.g. Freelance). A dialogue box appears promoting you
name the plot file. The extension is automatically given by the program.
All the above output options allow you to generate different types of colour plots:
- Colour outputs the plot in the colours selected. This format is best if you
have a high quality colour laser printer/plotter.
- Grey Scale outputs the plot is varying shades or grey. This plot is useful
for displaying plots on LCD monitor or black and white screens.
- Monochrome outputs the plot display is black and white only. This type is
best used with non-colour printers.
4.3 Changing the plotted variables

If you want to change the variables that are currently on the plot to display another set
of variables, choose the Variables menu command.
Figure 4.11:
Variables
The variable selection dialogue box that appears will vary with the type of plot selected
and the variable items that can be displayed. To select a variable item, simply click the
variable name:
MBAL User Guide

Figure 4.12:
Variables selection
The plots can include one or two Y axis variables plotted against the same X axis.
4.4 Reporting
This section describes the options relevant for printing or viewing a report. All the main
menu items in MBAL have a reporting option with default report options ready for
commercial reports:
Figure 4.13:
Reporting
The PVT, Input and Production Prediction options have similar reporting options that
work on the same principles as described below.
4.4.1 Selecting sections to include in the report

Selecting the “Reports” option shown above will display the following screen:
Petroleum Experts
Figure 4.14:
Reporting
The information available for reporting is displayed in the sections menu and the user
can then select which of these to include in the report. For example, if all the
information is required, first select all of the options by clicking on the boxes next to
them:
Figure 4.15:
Selecting sections to
include in the report
Then the information relevant to each option can be selected by clicking on the extend
buttons shown above:
MBAL User Guide

Figure 4.16:
Selecting sections to
include in report
As soon as these options are chosen, then the output method can be selected from the
main report screen:
Figure 4.17:
Selecting where to send
the report
Clicking the “Report” button now will create the report in the relevant format:
Petroleum Experts
Figure 4.18:
Report
4.4.2 Solving printing problems

If your printed output does not look like the format you see on screen, check the
following:
• Make sure you have sufficient space on disk to create a printer file.
• Check your printer is connected properly, it is ON and on-line.
• Check you have selected the correct printer and port from the Printer Set Up. If
can't read the printer file, check the appropriate printer port is selected (usually
'LPT1').
• Check you have installed the correct fonts and printer fonts for your driver. When
Windows cannot find the appropriate fonts, it substitutes another font.
• Check that the latest version of your printer driver has been installed. If you have
an old printer driver, the document may not print or will compress to form an
unreadable file
MBAL User Guide

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Reservoir Engineering Toolkit

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5.1 Reservoir Analysis Tools......................................................................................................... 1

PETROLEUM EXPERTS LTD

PETROLEUM EXPERTS LTD

9.1 Program Functions .................................................................................................................. 1

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C1.2 GAS .............................................................................................................................. 2

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1.1 Brief Tool descriptions

Monte Carlo Simulation:

Decline Curve Analysis:

Production data can be fitted to Hyperbolic, Exponential or Harmonic declines. These

1.2 About this guide

1.3 How to use this guide

MBAL User Guide

2.1 File Management

2.1.1 Opening and Saving Files

Saving files can be done as for any Windows application.

2.1.3 Defining the Working Directory

• Format Numerical Input Fields

• Reload Last File Used at Startup

• File History List Length

MBAL User Guide

• Display Results during Calcs.

• Include Well Downtime in Constraints

• Negative VLP Tolerance (Liquid)

2.1.5 Viewing the Software Key

2.1.6 Selecting Printers and Plotters

2.1.7 The Windows Clipboard

MBAL User Guide

2.1.8 Windows Notepad

2.2 Setting the Units

The following screen will appear:

2.2.1 Defining System Units

2.2.2 Defining the Global Unit System

2.2.3 Changing individual variable units

MBAL User Guide

This system will then appear in the Global Units Systems:

2.2.4 Minimum and Maximum Limits

MBAL User Guide

2.2.5 Conversion Details

This displays a dialog that allows changing the precision.

2.2.6 Resetting the Units

MBAL User Guide

2.2.7 Generating a Units Report

2.3 Getting Help

2.3.1 Accessing Help

2.3.2 Help through the menu

2.3.3 Getting help using the mouse and keyboard

2.3.4 Minimising Help

MBAL User Guide

3.1 Importing Data in MBAL

Command Buttons Data Import Dialogue

3.1.1 Importing an ASCII File

Input Fields for ASCII file

MBAL User Guide

3.1.2 Importing data from an ODBC Datasource

Input Fields for ODBC Database

Available Data Sources