Paper 1

Bioavalibilty
factors affecting- start from physicochem properties..-add something to that and it
becomes formulations...
properties, when you reach admin routes... start from mouth

Degree of first-pass liver

Vascularity of the absorbing surface mouth
Activity of gut transporters intestines
Food stomach
GI conditions- malabsorbtion, diarreah and vomiting..

Preanesthetic.. anticholinergics.. diff from anticholinesterases...

start from mouth and go downwards.. after that remember 2 v's - prevent vasovagal
and ventriculararryth

Beta blockers uses.. start from head and go downwards.. eyes- glaucoma.. head..
stress hypertension
anxiety
neck thyroid.. thyroxytoxicosis...
heart and penis(diuretics..)- heart- myocardial infarction and angina pectoris

Adverse affects of aspriin-

OD...
Hypersensi...
Salicilism- sally silly- tinnitus.. visual distubances and audio .. hyperthermia,
met acid,respoalk and
.
increase the dose more- ACUTE LIVER DAMGAGE>... FURTHER INC-> ACute salicylat
posions multiple organ failure.

Insulin uses-
1- IN DIABETES MELLITUS
in type two - When diet and excer not working or when its not possible..
obv next way to contrl diab is oral hypoglycemics. but that is also
not tolerated..
then there must be a problem with patient- Infection, trauma ,
surgery, labour preop
or other diabetic conditions..

2- in hyperosmolar coma due to type 2 diabetes in elderly

GLucose excreted so water follow... diuresis.. blood conc dec.. urine conc dec...
blood gluc increases
3- Diab Ketoacidos

3rd gen Cephalospor...

1- Extensive clinical use
5. they are beta lactames?? so thats the first point.
2. then their PK
3. then their PD... their spectruem.. theyir activity...
4. Toxicity and adverse affects..nephrotox and hypersens

TUBERCLOS
RIPE STREPtomycin

Isoniazid- most common and active

 front line therapy and latent infection
Rifampin- Amp up the game- against Gpos and neg cocci
mycobacteria(frontline and latent) and chlmydia

Pyrazinamid- Frontline therapy... Prison is used to steirlise the world.. this is

for sterilizing
agent.. 2 months to kill off any intracellular guys remaining that can cause
relapse
therfore shortens therapy to 6 months

Ethambutal used with theese 3 drugs

also for atypicl mycobac infections

Streptomycin step on your toe.. hurts real bad... in severe cases only - meningeal
tub...
wehre injection is needed or resistant strains of tb are persistant

Gastric acid secretion reducers

Rantac
omez
afther this remem PP
anticholinergics.. pirenzipine and propantheline
prostaglandin analogues MISOPROSTOL

Heparin Actions and ADverse affects

ANTICOAG(Remem Antithrombin 3) AND ANTI PLATELET OBVOIUSLY
unobvioous one- lipemic clearing. inject will clear high conc of fat from blood

Adverse affects?
overdose... toxicity and hypersenstivity...(general things)
Bleeding obv... and hematuria
thrombocytopenia- connect with platelet aggregation
then go from head to feet...
skull and hair.. liver... serum transaminase levels rise.. liver failure.