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Ans) In the 1960s, Lake Erie in North America was described as dead.
This meant that it was so heavily polluted that no fish could survive in it.
Q9) In what way do oil spills affect marine life in the oceans and seas?
Ans) Oil spills often contaminate the oceans and seas with oil slicks
which kill thousands of birds and sea animals.
Q10) What harmful effects can noise have on the human body and mind?
Ans) Noise pollution can cause partial or permanent deafness,
depression, loss of concentration, anger, tensions, headache, high blood
pressure and cardiac problems. Women exposed to high- noise level for a
long period may give birth to physically or mentally impaired children.
Q11) What is the Fundamental Duty of Indian citizens with regard to their
environment?
Ans) The fundamental duties in the constitution of India make it the
bounden duty of every citizen to protect and safeguard their
environment.
Q12) Interdependence is a precondition and the key to survival, peace and
progress in today’s world. In this context answer the following questions:
i) Explain with an example how we have learnt this fundamental truth
from nature.
Ans: If we examine the working principle of the human body, we find
that the various components- organs like the heart, lungs, liver,
kidneys stomach, etc- all perform their functions by following a set
pattern. This is a pattern of interdependence, mutual coordination and
active cooperation. By doing so, each organ stays alive and healthy and
together they keep the entire organism alive and healthy.
ii) Why must nations cooperate with one another?
Ans: No nation is self sufficient. Our needs have multiplied over the
years. We need each other to fulfill these needs. Even a superpower
like the USA is dependent on, among other things, oil imports from
other nations. We need to buy what we do not have and sell we have
in abundance. Trade is a necessary condition for survival and
sustenance.
CIVICS || ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS || CHAPTER 16
iii) How has the Information technology (IT) revolution impacted the
global community?
Ans: The information technology (IT) revolution in recent years has
brought us closer than ever before. We are no longer merely members
of a global village- we are immediate neighbors. As a global
community, our future lies in following nature’s unique pattern of
interdependence, mutual coordination and active cooperation.
Q13) There are several major challenges that confront the global community,
the chief among them being problems related to environmental degradation.
In this context, answer the following questions:
i) Why should we protect and conserve our environment?
Ans: The natural environment on the earth includes plants, animals,
air, water, soil, temperature and light. Life is totally dependent on this
environment. Life which is totally dependent on the environment will
become extinct if nature’s unique gifts are improperly exploited and
abused. Environmental degradation will spell doom for human life.
ii) Industrialization has led to massive pollution of the environment.
Explain.
Ans: About 50% of the total air pollution that has occurred is primarily
due to rapid industrialization and urbanization. Discharges from heavy
industries have polluted the atmosphere. Acid rain (rain polluted with
sulphuric acid) has caused extensive damage to trees. Huge amount of
gases emitted from industries act like the glass roof of green house,
trapping the heat of the sun and increasing the temperature of the
earth’s atmosphere.
iii) State the damaging results of the “Greenhouse effect”.
Ans: The damaging results of Green House effect are :
(a) Melting of the ice caps at the poles causing a rise in the sea
level and widespread flooding.
(b) Rapid increase in the temperature in Africa and parts of Asia,
making them too hot for people to live in.
CIVICS || ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS || CHAPTER 16