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3 Heald Staggering
Heald staggering is done to reduce the abrasion between the warp yarns when the healds are crossing each
other. When the ends per inch value in the warp sheet is very high, it is pragmatic to use four or more healds
even for plain weave.
In case of straight draft, four cams will be required to control four healds. At a particular instance, two cams
will raise two healds whereas two other cams will lower the remaining two healds. Now, at the middle of the
shed depth, the four healds will cross each other at the same time. This will happen if four cams are paired in
two groups such that there is no phase difference between the two cams of same group whereas the phase
difference of two cams belonging to the two different groups will be 1800 on the bottom shaft.
If the shedding cam profile is drawn following the simple harmonic motion (SHM), then the velocity of the
healds at the middle of the shed depth will be the maximum. Thus, when the healds are crossing each other,
enormous amount of yarn to yarn friction will be created which may lead to end breakage. This can be
prevented by heald staggering which ensures that all the ends (or healds) are not crossing each
other at the same time.
The two cams of the same group can be arranged in such a way that there is some phase difference
(say 5-10°) between them when they are mounted on the bottom shaft. The other two cams, belonging
to the other group, are at 180° phase difference with respect to the two cams of the first group as depicted
in Figure 6.17.
This ensures that even when two healds are rising, they do not reach the middle of shed depth at the same
time as shown in Figure 6.18. Therefore, the number of ends which cross each other at a moment is reduced
and thus the abrasion between the warp yarns is reduced considerably.
As the heald is lowered, D reduces and S increases. So, their product remains somewhat constant. Thus, the
force acting at the heald frame connections ( T ) also remain constant.