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Gagne’s Nine Events of Instruction

Instructional Event Internal Mental Process

1. Gain attention
Giving learners a stimulus to ensure Stimuli activates receptors
reception of coming instruction.

2. Inform learners of objectives


Telling learners what they will be able to Creates level of expectation for learning
do after the lesson

3. Stimulate recall of prior learning


Retrieval and activation of short-term
Asking for recall of existing relevant memory
knowledge

4. Present the stimulus


Selective perception of content
Displaying the content

5. Provide "learning guidance"


Semantic encoding for storage long-term
Supplying organization and relevance to memory
enhance understanding

6. Elicit performance (practice)


Asking learners to respond, demonstrating Retrieval, responding
learning

7. Provide feedback
Reinforcement and assessment of correct
Giving immediate feedback on learner’s performance
performance

8. Assess performance
Retrieval and reinforcement of content as
Providing feedback to learner’s more final evaluation
performance for reinforcement

9. Enhance retention and transfer


Retrieval and generalization of learned
Providing diverse practice to generalize skill to new situation
the capability

Sources: Gagne, R.M., Wager, W. W., Golas, K. C., & Kelle, J. M. (2005). Principle of Instructinal
Design (5th Edition). Belmont, CA: Thomson Learning, Inc.

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