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ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
4th Year
Translation Course
COMPILED BY:
PROF. SHAKER RIZK
2018
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Foreword
translation and in the English language in general. The passages are drawn from a
various styles and registers found in contemporary English. Some passages are
taken from Abu Yousef, E. et al. (2005), Principles and Basics of Translation.
Other passages are translated through Google Translate for practice and training.
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Table of Contentents
1. What is Translation? 4
2. Translation Problems 15
3. Legal Translation 26
4. خص حٌظَؿّش١ٓ أٓخٟيس ف١ّ ِـــفٍٚ ٍٍٓٔش ى67
5. ش١ حٌظَؿّش حٌؼَرٟ أهطخء ٗخثؼش ف72
6. ش١ حٌٍغش حٌؼَرٌٝ حٌظَؿّش اٟ أهطخء ٗخثؼش ف75
7. حٌظَؿّشٌٝأػَ٘خ اٚ ش١ حٌؼَرٟع فٛ١ٗ هطخء٤ش ح٠ٛ حٌٍغ80
8. ش١ُِخص حٌٍفظ٩( طَؿّش حٌّظCollocations) 97
9. Translated texts from English into Arabic 104
10. حٌظَؿّشٟمخص ف١ ططز124
11. ش١ أىرٜٙٛٔ 129
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What is Translation?
The following definitions and ideas about translation and its theory are taken from:
1. Bassnett, Susan. Translation Studies. 1980. Revised edition 1991. London:
Routledge. 2. Venuti, Lawrence. Ed. The Translation Studies Reader. London:
Routledge, 2000.
Catford (1965: 20), defines translation as "… the replacement of textual material in
one language by equivalent textual material in another language. In this definition,
the most important thing is equivalent textual material. Yet, it is still vague in
terms of the type of equivalence. Culture is not taken into account.
Nida and Taber (1969) state that "Translating consists of reproducing in the
receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message,
first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style."
Brislin (1976: 1) defines translation as "the general term referring to the transfer of
thoughts and ideas from one language (source) to another (target), whether the
languages are in written or oral form; whether the languages have established
orthographies or do not have such standardization or whether one or both
languages is based on signs, as with sign languages of the deaf." Pinhhuck (1977:
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38) maintains that "Translation is a process of finding a TL equivalent for an SL
utterance".
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ordinary prosaic words can become. The good translator has to be aware of all
minute cultural differences even before starting off on the process of translating
even a simple word like ‗yes‘ (Bassnett, 16-17).
The complicated process that goes into the translation of ‗yes‘ into French,
according to the Nida model is this:
Equivalence
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Idiomatic language becomes another knotty issue in translation. Idioms in any
language are rooted in the cultural/social milieu of the community and will be
difficult to relocate to a completely different soil. Anton Popovič identifies four
types of equivalence in translation:
When it comes to idioms and metaphors, the translator will have to aim for stylistic
equivalence where, there is ―functional equivalence of elements in both original
and translation‖ (qtd by Bassnett 25).
Lost in Translation
Along with the concept of equivalence is the notion of loss and gain in translation.
Implicit in most of translation theories is the assumption that something is lost
when you carry across a text from one language into another. There is the
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possibility of miscommunication in the act of communication that is translation; if
the receiver goes slightly out of line in the decoding, the chances are that the
message will not be carried across correctly. Certain elements can be added or
left out. The translator, it is assumed, cannot ever hope to capture the ‗meaning‘ of
the original SL which tends to fall through the gaps of the TL. Some translators
can also inadvertently pad up the text by adding more to it than is necessary with
the result that the translation might have more allusions in it than was originally
thought of.
The problem of loss and gain is again due to the cultural dissimilarity between two
linguistic groups. Something that is very common in a particular community might
be rare in another. It is said that the language of the Eskimos has more than one
hundred words to describe ‗snow‘. These subtle distinctions they make between
various types of snow cannot be brought out in a single Hindi word. The reverse is
also applicable.
This is one of the major challenges facing a translator who is translating a literary
work. Literary language, besides being informative and factual, is also allusive and
elliptical. The translator has to be vigilant to these resonances in the SL text and
attempt to recapture it for the TL reader as best as s/he can, without any palpable
loss or gain in the process.
Translatability
Sometimes it is not just cultural differences that pose hurdles for translation
activity. It could be a grammatical construction that becomes the problem. For
example the Hindi ―Yahaan ka mahaul achcha hain‖ cannot be translated using the
same word order in English. If we do so it would become ―Here‘s atmosphere is
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good‖ which is wrong in English. To have the correct English equivalent we use
―The atmosphere here is good‖. Similarly ―Aap ka shubh naam‖ often gets
converted to ―your good name‖ in English. These gaps in translation often have
(unintentional) hilarious results. Be on the lookout for such gaffes the next time
you watch a movie or song in your mother tongue with English subtitles!
Does this mean that translation is an impossibility? This is not so. Georges
Mounin, a French linguist felt that dwelling on the problems of untranslatability
will not yield any positive results. According to him, there are certain areas of
personal experience that are basically beyond translation. This is because each
individual‘s private domain is exclusively her/his own and anything, especially
literature, that deals with it is also bound to be individualistic and might not yield
to recapturing of its essence.
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Problems in translation also occur because of fundamental differences between two
language systems that differ in their very basic sense. For example, it will be more
difficult to translate from English (an Indo-European language) into Malayalam (a
Dravidian language) because they differ in all linguistic aspects. But Mounin
believed that communication through translation is possible if we try to understand
it in context. When we come to the problem of translatability and the fine
hairsplitting that go with it, we have to pause and remember a few basic facts.
Basically there are two competing theories of translation. In one, the predominant
purpose is to express as exactly as possible the full force and meaning of every
word and turn of phrase in the original, and in the other the predominant purpose is
to produce a result that does not read like a translation at all, but rather moves in its
new dress with the same ease as in its native rendering. In the hands of a good
translator neither of these two approaches can ever be entirely ignored.
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the target language
the subject matter
Based on this premise, the translator discovers the meaning behind the forms in the
source language and does his best to produce the same meaning in the target
language - using the forms and structures of the target language. Consequently,
what is supposed to change is the form and the code and what should remain
unchanged is the meaning and the message. (Larson, 1984)
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The ideal translation will be accurate as to meaning and natural as to the receptor
language forms used. An intended audience who is unfamiliar with the source text
will readily understand it. The success of a translation is measured by how closely
it measures up to these ideals.
TYPES OF TRANSLATION
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an identical communicative value with the source (or original) text (ST). This
target text (TT) is not fully identical with ST as to its form or content due to the
limitations imposed by the formal and semantic differences between the source
language (SL) and TL.
Nevertheless the users of TT identify it, to all intents and purposes, with ST-
functionally, structurally and semantically. The functional identification is revealed
in the fact that the users (or the translation receptors - TR) handle TT in such a way
as if it were ST, a creation of the source text author. The structure of the translation
should follow that of the original text: there should be no change in the sequence of
narration or in the arrangement of the segments of the text. The aim is maximum
parallelism of structure which would make it possible to relate each segment of the
translation to the respective part of the original. Of major importance is the
semantic identification of the translation with ST. It is presumed that the
translation has the same meaning as the original text. No exchange of information
is possible if there is discrepancy between the transmitted and the received
message. The presumption of semantic identity between ST and TT is based on the
various degrees of equivalence of their meanings.
The translator usually tries to produce in TL the closest possible equivalent to ST.
The translating process includes two mental processes – understanding and
verbalization. First, the translator understands the contents of ST, that is, reduces
the information it contains to his own mental program, and then he develops this
program into TT.
The process of translating presumably consists in the translator getting beyond the
original text to the actual situation described in it. This is the first step of the
process, i.e. the break-through to the situation. The second step is for the translator
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to describe this situation in the target language. Thus the process goes from the text
in one language through the extralinguistic situation to the text in another
language.
The translator first understands what the original is about and then says ―the same
things‖ in TL. The translating process may be described as a series of
transformations. The transformational model postulates that in any two languages
there is a number of nuclear structures which are fully equivalent to each other.
Each language has an area of equivalence in respect to the other language. The
translator does the translating in three transformational strokes. First – the stage of
analysis – he transforms the original structures into the nuclear structures, i.e. he
performs transformation within SL. Second – the stage of translation proper – he
replaces the SL nuclear structures with the equivalent nuclear structures in TL.
And third – the stage of synthesis – he develops the latter into the terminal
structures in the text of translation.
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Translation Problems
1. Problems arise not only with idioms but with other kinds of expressions.
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literally into ( ٌٕٞ٣ ), which is poor translation. And the same thing when
used as auxiliary verbs to form the present progressive tense and the
present passive voice. A good number of students translate them literally;
For example: ―She is kind‖ (زش٤١ ٌٕٞ ط٢ٛ) ―I am leaving now‖ ( ٕ ٓـخىٍحًٞأٗخ أ
ٕ٥― )حThey are put in the same situation‖ (ٚٔهق ٗلُٞٔ ح٢ٖ ك٤ػٟٞٞٓ ٌٕٞٗٞ٣ ْٛ)
SOLUTION: In the first, it can be omitted altogether here thus changing
verbal sentence into Arabic nominal ones‖ i.e. into a topic and a comment
each. Therefore, verb ―be‖ in the present simple is used to connect as much
as equate between two words. And usually dropped in Arabic, both as
main as well as auxiliary, it mostly unacceptable and poor in Arabic
grammar and word order. Also, ―- ing‖ ending for the main verbs have no
equivalent in Arabic grammar. ٚٔهق ٗلُٞٔ ح٢ٖ ك٤ػٟٞٞٓ ْٛ ٕ٥ٓـخىٍ ح
ٌ زش أٗخ٤١ ٢ٛ
There are two exceptions which they used the past simple of ― be‖, are
translated literally into ‖ ٕ ―ًخboth as well as auxiliary which is writing as a
main verbs and as auxiliary in the past progressive but in the past passive
voice sentence we should dropped them: As the main verbs: ― the child
was ill ‖ = ― خ٠٣َٓ َ ‖ ًخٕ حُطلAs auxiliary: the past progressive : ― Our
guests were playing ‖ = ― ِٕٞؼز٣ ك٘خٞ٤ٟ ٕ ‖ ًخBUT as the past passive voice :
― The food was eaten ‖ = ― ّ‖ أًُــَ حُــطـؼـخ
Translation of verb Do and Did: as main verbs (do & did) doesn‘t pose any
grammatical problems. However, as an auxiliary, poses more than one
problem. Verb ―Do‖ is used in English to form the negative of all verbs
except ―be‖, ―have‖ and the modal verbs. Do & Does used with the present
simple, whereas ―Did‖ with past simple. All these form meaningless in
Arabic , they have the function of indicating the tens of the verb( past or
present) , and what is translated into Arabic is negative particle ―not‖( , ُْ ,
ٓخ, ) الexcept in the questions it implies the question particle ― ـَ ؟ٛ ‖
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whether in the present or in the past. 1- Do in the negative : means ( ) ال,
for example: ― Some people (do not) smile‖ = ‖ ّ حُ٘خٕٞ ) ال ( رؼٞٔٔزظ٣― 2-
Did in the negative: usually translated into ( ُْ ) with the present , and
occasionally into ( ) ٓخwith the past ; for example: ―She (did not) eat
much‖ = ― ( ُْ ) ًَ طؤ/ ( أًِض ) ٓخ... َح٤ ‖ ًؼ3- Do in question; means ( َٛ ) ―
(Do) you sleep early?‖ = ― َـٛ ( ― ‖ طـ٘ـخّ رـخًـَحDid) Ali visit you yesterday?‖
= ― َـٛ رخألْٓ؟٢ِ‖ ُحٍى ػ
Translate ― Do ‖ as main verb: 1- as main verb ―do‖ is meaningful in
translation, usually it is translated as ― َلؼ٣ ‖ for example: ― I will do my
best ‖ = ― َ ّ أكؼ٢ٓؼٞ ‖ ٓخ ر2- or it can be translated as ― write‖ = ― ٌظذ٣ ‖…
― Some student do their homework‘s quickly‖ = ― ْٜحؿزخطٝ حُطِز ِشٌٞظذ رؼ٣
‖ رَٔػشAt translating verb ―Do‖ as an auxiliary verb, it has NO lexical
meaning in Arabic, but implies the grammatical question particle ― َٛ ‖ .
However, as a main verb, it has a full lexical meaning.
Translation of verb ―Have‖: As a main verb, it can pose a few problems to
the student of translation, it take different meanings. What helps students
distinguish between these meanings of ―have‖ is the consideration of the
word immediately after it ―its object‖. Together with its object , ―have‖
make especial combination in Arabic . A- ― She had a nice holiday‖ = ―
ِش٤ٔض ػطِش ؿ٠ ‖ هB- ―The students have left early today‖ = ― ؿخىٍ حُطالد رخًَح
ّٞ٤ُ ‖ حC- ―She has the tablets on time‖ = ― هض حُٔليىُٞ ح٢د كٍٞ حُلزٝ ‖ طظ٘خD-
―she has money‖ = ― ىٞخ ٗوُٜطٞ ك٢ ‖ ك/ ― ىٞ ‖ طِٔي ٗو/― ٢ٛ ( ىٞخ ٗوٜ٣ ‖) ُيwe
cannot say ― حءِٝٔي ى٣ ‖ َ ― ر4 ” حءٍٝ ىٝظ٘خ٣. Translation of Modals‖ Because
there are many auxiliary verbs in English, so they create several problems
of translation for two major reason: A- they don‘t have one-to-one single
semantic equivalent in Arabic, and there is no grammatical class of verbs
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called Modal Auxiliary in Arabic. B- they have several complex and
complicated function in English.
― will, would, shall,‖ are not verbs in Arabic, these modals are used to
refer to future either in present ―will, shall‖ or in the past ―would‖ it
translated into ― فٞٓ ‖ or ― ‖ ٓــregardless of the possibility of the
reference of the latter to the near for example: ― They will forgive us‖ = ‖
ٕ ُ٘خَٝـل٤ٓ ― 2-‖can, may, must, could, might, ‖: usually translated by
students to mean one word each. BUT the case is NOT so. They imply two
words. Problem becomes clearer when students translate them from Arabic
into English, they‘re translated into ― ٌٕٖٔ أ٣ , ٕـذ أ٣ , ٕغ أ٤ٔظط٣ ‖ because ٕأ
is implied in these verbs and needed in such combination in Arabic for e.g.
: ―we can walk‖ = ― ٢٘ٔٗ ٕغ أ٤ ‖ ٗٔظطbut we cannot say # 3 ٢٘ٔٗ غ٤ٗٔظط-The
confusion of ―must have‖ and ―should have‖ the students understand these
as having the same meaning in the past but it the opposites. MUST HAVE
= action which took place, whereas SHOULD HAVE =―action didn‘t take
place‖ …. e.g. ―They must have finished work‖ = ― َٔح حُؼْٜٞٗ أٜٗ― ‖ الري أ
They should have finished work‖ = ― َٔح حُؼٜٞ٘٣ ْٕ أٜ٤ِ‖ ًخٕ ػ
Translating of Question: Questions in English are formed in two ways
only: A) The conversation of the subject and verbs when one of the
following verbs is used: ― be, have, and modal verbs‖ B) The use of the
auxiliary verb ―do‖ with the rest of the verbs in English. The problems
could arise at translating the different types of question, both is called ―Yes
or No question‖ because they are answered by them. The first problem
appear in the possibility of imitating the question form: so the students will
find this not possible because simply there are NO such equivalents in
Arabic but just one word for all questions it is( َــٛ ). e.g. : ―Are you
playing tennis?‖/ ―Have you played tennis?‖/ ―Do/Did you play tennis?‖
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OR the disappearance of ( َٛ ) with WH-question : when ―do‖ and the
subject –verb conversation are used in WH-question, they are meaningless.
― َٛ ‖ is on longer used in the Arabic translation here e.g. ―what have you
said?‖ = ― ٍ؟ٞ ― ‖ ٓخًح طوwhy they are crying?‖ = ― ٕ؟ٌٞز٣ ‖ ُٔخًح
Translation of negation she cannot pay money. ىٞغ إٔ طيكغ حُ٘و٤ ال طٔظط. she
will not pay money. ىٞ ُٖ طيكغ حُ٘و. she has not money. ىحٞ ال طِٔي ٗو. All that
glitters isn't gold. زخًٛ ِٔغ٣ ْ ًَ ٓخ٤ُ . Do not, does not = الDid not = ُْ Many
people do not play chess َ ٖٓ حُ٘خّ حُ٘طَٗؾ٤ِؼذ حٌُؼ٣ ال. The children did not
sleep early yesterday ْٓلخٍ رخًَح رخأل١ْ٘ حأل٣ ُْ . ‗ Not‘ has more than one
equivalent Negation in English includes the following words "not , do not ,
does not , did not , never , neither , nor & no ". Do not, does not, did not
ُٖ + أريح/ ال+ أريح/ ُْ + أريحwe never give up. ُٖ ٗٔظِْٔ أري. Neither…nor = .. ال
الٝ Either..or = ٝ أ.. آخI like neither lying nor cheating. ٖال حُـٝ ال أكذ حٌٌُد.
You can either come with me or stay here. ٘خٛ حُزوخءٝ أ٢ّ ٓؼٝ رخٓظطخػظي حُوي.
Never Neither…nor, either…or No عٞ٘ٔٓ / ال/ ْ٤ُ No smoking. ٖ٤ع حُظيهٞ٘ٔٓ
. She has no money. ىٞخ ٗوٜ٣ْ ُي٤ُ / ىحٞ ال طِٔي ٗو.
Grammatical Problems
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Stylistic Problems
The style, or the way of writing, of a particular SL text may pose different
problems for the translator. One of these problems is fronting, in which a word, a
phrase or a clause is stated at the beginning of a sentence in an unusual way. For
instance, „suicide he committed‟ instead of „he committed suicide‟. The purpose
behind such a fronting is to emphasize on the fronted word, or to draw attention to
its importance to the meaning of the whole sentence. Other stylistic problems may
include parallelism, ambiguity, redundancy, and nominalization vs. verbalization
(Ghazala, 1995:18-24).
Lexical Problems
Cultural Problems
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―summer‘s day‖ in „Shall I compare thee to a summer‟s day‟ will be best
translated into Arabic as „spring‘s day‟ to convey the same meaning.
Example 1
،ً١حٌٕوٚ ِ١ّحٌـٚ صٛخ أٗـخٍ حٌظّٙ طِكٟش حٌظ١ِمش حٌّظَح٠ حٌليٌٕٝظَ ا٠ َ١ حٌزخد حٌىز٢ٓٚ لفٚٚ
خس١مش رخٌل٠ـض حٌليٟ .َ١خفٜخ ِِلِلش حٌؼٜٙٔٛق غٛطؼذ فٚ ،ٓ١ّٓخ١ٌحٚ خ حٌلٕخءٙ ؿٕزخطٟطؼظَٕ فٚ
)11 .ٙ( .ّٛٙض رخٌزٌٜٓ ٓخى ح١ كٍٝحٌغٕخء ػٚ
Gabalawi (…) stood in front of the great door, gazing out at the vast garden
crammed with mulberry, sycamore and palm trees flanked by bowers of henna and
jasmine, above whose branches the twittering of birds could be heard. The garden
rang with life and song, while the chamber was shrouded in silence. (P. 9)
Example 2
ِٓ ) فىخْ اًح فَؽ...( ،مش ٌِٕ ىٍؽ٠ وخْ ػخٗمخ ً ٌٍلي.مش٠ حٌليٟ ف٨ّ اٍٛذ ٌٗ حٌـ١ط٠ ٓى٠ ٍُأِخ أىُ٘ ف
طلضٝ حٓظٍمٚ أ،ِس١ّ ؿٚ ؿٌع ٔوٍش أٌَٖٝ اٙإٔٓي ظٚ ،يٚ كخفش ؿيٍٝلف حفظَٕ ٓـخىس ػٌٛ حٟػٍّٗ ف
.ٙ( !َّخ١ٌ حٍِٝخ أكٚ َّخ١ٌظخرغ ح٠ َٚ! أ١خفِٜخ أوؼَ حٌؼٚ َ١خفٜ حٌؼٌٝ اَٛٔ٠ ٍحفٚ ،ٓ١ّٓخ١ٌ٘ ش ح٠َػ
.)19
Adham could only relax sitting in the garden. He had loved the garden (…). If he
finished up his work early, he spread out a carpet by the edge of a stream and
leaned his back against the trunk of a palm or sycamore tree, or lay flat on a bower
of jasmine to rest, gazing at the sparrows and doves. (P. 15)
Example 3
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)...( ...لفٌٛ ربىحٍس حَٞ١َ غٛم٠ ْ ِٓ حٌّٔظلٔٓ أٍٜ أ-
) 12 .ٙ(..ٟلف طلض اَٗحفٌَٛ ح٠ي١ٌ ُ٘ىُ أى١ أهٍٝ ػٍٞخ١لغ حهظٚ ليٚ -
"I think it right that someone else should take over managing the property."
"I have chosen your brother Adham to look after the property under my
supervision," continued Gabalawi. (pp. 9-10)
Example 4
ٌٍْٛحٚ ُحٍق حٌلـٛخٍ فٜر٥ٌ ٍٓؼ١ٌ ٌِّٛ٘ه ح٠حٔظفن وخٌيٚ ،ُ٘ك أىٛ٩٠ وخىٝحص كظْٛ) هط٠ٍفخٔيفغ (اى
:٢خرٟ َ١ك ػٕي حٌؼطْ رغ٠ٌَٕطٍك ٔؼخٍ ح٠ ٗ وّخ١َ ِٓ ف٩حٔطٍك حٌىٚ ،ٗ١ٓ أه١رٚ ٕٗ١خء رٙحٌزٚ
)13 .ٙ( ..ىحءٛٓ ش٠ٍ أِخ ٌ٘ح فخرٓ ؿخ.َس حٌٕٔخء١ أرٕخء ٘خُٔ ِٓ هٟأٗمخثٚ ٟٔ ا-
(Idris) took a few steps until he was almost touching Adham, puffed up like a
haughty rooster to show everyone the differences in brawn, complexion and beauty
between him and his brother, and spoke up with the randomness of a shower of
spittle drops from a thirsting mouth. "My full brothers and I are the sons of a
respectable lady – he's the son of a black slave woman!" (pp. 10-11)
Example 5
.ٙ( ..حٌلٔخدٚ ػٍُ رخٌىظخرشٍٝ ػُ أٗ ػ،ُٙؼَف أوؼَُ٘ رؤّٓخث٠ٚ ،ٓ٠َش رطزخع حٌّٔظؤؿ٠ ىٍحٍٝ أىُ٘ ػ-
)14
"Adham knows what kind of people the tenants are, and he knows most of them by
name. And he can read and do sums." (P. 11)
Example 6
حٓؼشٚ ٍٝ٤ أِخِه ح، طخرغ٨ٚ أم٨ٚ ٗ١ أَ ٌه ف٨ٚ ،ظه١ض ر١ ٌ٘ح حٌز٨ٚ ،نٛ أٔخ أر٨ٚ ،ٟٕ أٔض حر٨ -
ِٟخ ً ِٓ ػطفَٚه ِلٙؿٚ ٍُٝ ػ١ٙأٔض طٚ مش ليٍن١خَ كم٠٤ٓظؼٍّه حٚ ،ٌٟؼٕظٚ ٟز٠رخ ً رغٛلِٜ فخً٘ذ
)16-15 .ٙ( !ٟظ٠ٍػخٚ
"You are not my son and I am not your father. This is not your house, and you
have no mother, brother or friend here. The world is before you – go forth with my
anger and my curse. Time passing will teach you your true worth as you wander
forlornly, having lost my love and protection!" (pp. 12-13)
Translation Strategies
Translation by a Superordinate
This strategy is used to solve the problem of non- equivalence in all languages,
because the hierarchical structure of semantic fields is not language specific.
This method deals with the differences in expressive meaning. For example, if
there is no direct equivalent for a particular SL item in the TL, the translator may
use near equivalent items which are both less expressive and more formal.
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Translation by Cultural Substitution
This technique works well when dealing with culture-specific items, modern
concepts and buzz words. When using loan words, it will be better to follow them
with explanations, especially if they are repeated many times in a text.
It will be useful to use this strategy when a SL term has an equivalent in the TL,
but in a different form, and when it is more used in the source language than the
target one.
This strategy is highly used in case where a source language item is not lexicalized
at all in the target language. It is mainly based on the modification of a
superordinate or the unpacking of the source item meaning.
Translation by Omission
This technique is used when a particular word has no equivalent in the TL, and it
plays a little role in the development of the source text (i.e., its omission does not
alter the meaning of the text) (Baker 1992:28-36).
Translation by Compensation
24
By compensation, Newmark (1982) means playing down a particular feature at the
point it occurs in the ST, and introducing it elsewhere in the target text.
25
Legal Translation
https://www.daytranslations.com/blog/2017/06/legal-translation-different-
9203/
Each country has its own set of regulations for legal translators. In many countries,
legal translators must have a degree in business and legal translation. In Argentina
and Brazil, legal translators must be certified by the state. Countries like The
Netherlands, Sweden and Spain require translators to swear legal oaths. Moreover,
they are regularly examined to ensure their good practice and proficiency. They are
also centrally regulated. In Italy however, all legal translations must be
certified/notarized by a professional legal practitioner.
The situation is different in the United Kingdom and the United States. These two
countries are not very strict about accreditation of legal translators. Many language
services providers (LSPs) provide certificates of accuracy if requested by the
client. Some join trade associations and independent bodies that offer membership
and qualifications, to signify accreditation. It is also used as a quality benchmark.
Still in the dark as to what legal translation is? As mentioned, it is one of document
translation's most complex forms. Mistakes, ambiguity or misinterpretation, no
matter how small, have no place in legal translation because the translated
26
document can become void. Further, there are huge legal and financial
complications that can result due to even a simple error.
There is a specific type of language in legal text and if a judge or a lawyer sees that
wrong words were used, the entire translation may no longer be trusted. Moreover,
the translator must fit the purpose of the legal translation. There is a difference
between legally binding legalese and legal translation for public consumption.
Anyone familiar will legal text understands that legalese is wordy. Legal English
contains different subjects and the sentence structures are usually compound and
complex. The tone for legal English is very formal and it is usual for legal
documents to be written in the passive voice. It can be challenging for a translator
to translate a passive voice to an active voice, as some foreign languages are.
Translating consists of a lot more than simply taking a text written in a language
and converting the text to a completely different language. In order for it to make
sense and flow in a clear and accurately conveyed legal language, the translator
must command a deep knowledge of the legal systems referred.
Numerous skills are at play when you are translating, and legal documents, in
particular, demand a lot from the translator. Serious challenges are often faced by
translators when assigned a legal project. With such texts, there is simply no room
for error: the smallest of errors can have very serious consequences and can be
very expensive for the client.
27
The nature of the legal language and the law accounts for most of the difficulties
and complexities involved in legally translating a document. Legal translation is a
difficult niche within the translation field because each country has its own unique
legal system and legal terminology that must be accurately conveyed in the target
language of a translation.
In addition, aptly referring and explaining the two legal systems and the standard
linguistic and cultural differences between the societies of the two languages
makes the translation task more arduous for the legal translator.
Legal systems are representative of the societies they were founded in; each
society, in turn, is built on unique social, cultural and linguistic structures. In other
words, the law and legal language of a country reflect the overarching legal
system, which in turn reflects the history, culture and evolution of the country. The
incongruence of the two legal systems the legal translation refers to constitute the
core of the challenges in translating a legal document.
Differences in Culture
The legal language and law of a country reflects its culture. The legal translator
must understand the cultural differences of the legal systems of the two societies
s/he is addressing in his/her legal translation.
Legal Style
All legal languages are distinct languages unto themselves – each is highly
specialized with its own style, shaped by the legal traditions and culture of the
relevant country.
Degrees of Difficulty
The difficulty in translating a legal text depends on the two legal systems referred
to by the source and target language and the nature of the target and source
28
languages themselves. Legal translations are in some ways more complex than
other types of translations, although the translator's specialty should fit the project
being translated. Translating children's books or movies, for example, requires a
different skill set from legal translations.
For example, the difficulty of a legal translation may refer to:
Two legal systems communicated in legal languages that are similar – this may
result in an easy translation.
Two similar legal systems communicated in two legal languages that are different,
which may result in a not-too-difficult translation.
Two completely different legal systems with two legal languages that are closely
related. Such a project would be of considerable difficulty for the translator.
Two distinctly unrelated legal languages and systems. This pairing of two cultures
and languages is the hardest for a legal translator.
In other words, the level of difficulty in a legal translation depends completely on
the affinity level between the relevant legal systems and source and target
languages.
Be fully acquainted with the legal writing style of the target language.
Be knowledgeable of the legal systems of the two countries of the source and
target languages.
Be able to research the legal concept of a term in the source language when the
equivalent term in the target language is not obvious.
Be acquainted with the original document's terminology.
Be capable of, first, decoding the source language text when it's difficult to find an
exact translation of a segment of the document, and second, convey the original
meaning of the text segment in the target language as much as possible.
Be fully cognizant of the purpose and intended use of the translated document.
This influences both the translation and the translator's approach to it. The
translation's terminology, tone, phraseology, syntax and other aspects of the
translation depend on the purpose of the translation.
Be detail-oriented and faithful to the meaning and length of the document to be
translated. In legal discourse, details are important and should be properly
conveyed in the translation. Translators should not consider cutting text or
29
shortening the number of words that may come across as redundant, as length and
repetition are stylistic features of the original legal text and serve a vital purpose.
Types of Legal Translations
A professional translating a legal document must be knowledgeable about its legal
background and terminology specific to the referred field of law. The typical kinds
of legal translations are the following:
Personal identity, individual record and social status papers that legally establish
the education or work or identity of an individual. These documents include
references or work testimonials, police reports, educational certificates or
diplomas, birth certificates, divorce decrees, and others.
Court documents that detail trials or penal proceedings, the translation of which is
often requested for international judicial assistance cases. Translators must be able
to distinguish between the systems of civil and criminal proceedings as these are
not the same despite the terminologies being similar.
Trade contracts approved by foreign courts; these are necessary for the selling of
goods or the granting of a trade license. A company looking to do business in a
foreign country must have its Shareholder Books or Articles of Incorporation
translated on top of its commercial registration documents.
International treaties that apply the rule of international law, rules and regulations
in the signatory countries. Because the original language document must have the
same legal effect as its official translation in a second language, legal translators
here must make sure the text in the target language accurately and transparently
conveys the same legal effects in practice.
Legal translations can be difficult to undertake but translators play a critical role in
all civilized societies. Because the law affects every area of our lives, from
accepting a company's terms and conditions when downloading software onto your
computer or smart phone to withdrawing money from a cash machine, translated
legal terms defining what a government or company or individual can or cannot do
has gross implications for modern human society.
Because all law shapes the very underlying structure of our societies, the legal
translator must have a strong understanding of relevant legal concepts, terms and
systems when accepting an important legal document to translate.
Notwithstanding, a legal translation can be very difficult, a fact I hope to have
properly explored in this article.
30
Legal translation requires a very high degree of accuracy, which cannot be
delivered by machine translation. It's because legal documents are used as official
papers for any legal documentation, e.g., for scholarly writings, contracts, birth
certificates, affidavits and court evidence.
Translation automation is not advised because of the complexity of the two legal
systems involved. Direct translations are not possible because these may not make
sense to the target reader. The legal translator must ensure that the titles, reasoning
and technical terms are valid legally.
The legal expressions in the source language many not have specific equivalent in
the target language. In such cases, conceptual equivalents are used, which
machines cannot produce. There may be instances when the exact legal expression
from the source language must be included in the translation, along with the
paraphrase of the expression for emphasis.
Legal translation takes time to produce, as it is not the easiest form of translation
work. It requires the highest degree of accuracy. It is important for the client to
work with a professional language services provider that has legal translation
expertise as well as years of experience in the subject.
and ٝ
2. China Railway International ٍْطٞز٤ٓ ٖ٣ٍٗخٍ ٓخٞ٤ٗ حٗظَٗخ١حٝ َ٣ٍ ٘خ٣ ط٘خ.2
Marine Seaports Contracting ش ٌُِٔي٤٘٤ُٜ (حًَُ٘ش ح.ّ .ّ .ً ٗظَحًظ٘ؾًٞ
L.L.C. (previously known as China .ّ .ً ش٤ُٝش حُي٣َحٗت حُزلُٞٔالص حٝش ُٔوخ٣ي٣حُلي
Railway International Marine ١حٝ َ٣ٍ ٘خ٣ ط٘خ:ْٓكش ٓخروخ رخَٝ) (حُٔؼ.ّ
General Contracting L.L.C.), a ).ّ .ّ .ً ٗظَحًظ٘ؾًٞ ٍٖ ؿَ٘ح٣ٍٗخٍ ٓخٞ٤ٗحٗظَٗخ
31
limited liability company having its ٢خ كٜٗحٞ٘وغ ػ٣ ش٤ُٝىس حُٔٔئٝ ًَٗش ٓلي٢ٛٝ
address at P.O. Box 93872, Abu ش٤ حإلٓخٍحص حُؼَر،٢ظزٞ رؤر،93872 . د.ٙ
Dhabi, United Arab Emirates )"ٖ٣ٍي ٓخ٣ًَ"( حُٔظليس
("CREC Marine");
and ٝ
3. Al Areef Transporting & Road ٢ٛٝ ،أػٔخٍ حُطَمٝ َق ُِ٘و٣َ ٓئٓٔش حُؼ.3
Works Establishment, a sole ،33519 . د.ٙ ٢خ كٜٗحٞ٘وغ ػ٣ ،ش٣ٓئٓٔش كَى
establishment having its address at ق٣َش حُٔظليس ("حُؼ٤ حإلٓخٍحص حُؼَر،٢ ظزٞأر
P.O. Box 33519, Abu Dhabi, United ،)"َُِ٘و
Arab Emirates (―Areef Transport‖);
and ٝ
4. China Railway International دَٝٗخٍ ؿٞ٤ٗ حٗظَٗخ١حٝ َ٣ٍ ٘خ٣ ًَٗش ط٘خ.4
Group Co. Ltd., a limited liability ىس ٓئٓٔشٝش ٓلي٤ُٝ ًَٗش ًحص ٓٔئ٢ٛٝ ، ٔظي٤ُ
company incorporated under the laws خِٜٔؼ٣ٝ ،ش٤ٖ حُ٘ؼز٤ُٜش ح٣ٍٜٖٞٔ ؿ٤ٗحٞؿذ هٞٔر
of the People‘s Republic of China ٢خ كٜش حُٔظليس ٌٓظذ كَػ٤ حإلٓخٍحص حُؼَر٢ك
and represented in the United Arab ،٢ظزٞ أر،29603 . د.ٙ ٕحٞ٘ (حُؼ٢ظزٞأر
Emirates by its branch office in Abu . د.ٙ ٕحٞ٘ (حُؼ٢ ىر٢خ كٌٜٓظذ كَػٝ
Dhabi (address at P.O. Box 29603, )"ي٣ًَ ػشٞٔ) ("ٓـ٢ ىر،413696
Abu Dhabi) and also branch office in
Dubai (address at P.O. Box 413696,
Dubai) ("CREC Group").
Each of the above parties shall be ٍٙس أػالًٌَُٞٔحف ح١َف ٖٓ حأل١ ًَ ٠ُ٘خٍ ا٣
individually referred to as a ―Party‖ and ٖ رـ٤ْ ٓـظٔؼٜ٤ُاٝ " رـ "حُطَفٙرٔلَى
together as the ―Parties‖. ."َحف١"حأل
Introduction ِميِش
(A) Pursuant to the agreement dated 30 ،2011 ٍّ ٓخ30 ٢ش حُٔئٍهش ك٤كوخ ُالطلخهٝ )(أ
March 2011, Areef Marine and ٖ٣ٍي ٓخ٣ًَٝ ش٣َق حُزل٣َٗض حُؼًٞ كوي
CREC Marine formed a joint ٌ٤خٖٓ") ُظ٘ل٠ش حُظ٤ش ("حطلخه٤٘ٓخ٠ش ط٤حطلخه
venture (the ―JV Agreement‖) to ًَٗش/خُق حُٔخىسُٜ ش٤ٗش ٓي٤أػٔخٍ حٗ٘خث
carry out civil construction works ،3649 . د.ٙ ،ش٤٘١ُٞش ح٣َحُـَحكخص حُزل
for M/s National Marine Dredging ٞ٣َٞس طؼ٣ِع ؿَٝ٘ٔظؼِن ر٣ ٔخ٤ ك٢ظزٞأر
Company of P.O. Box 3649 Abu لقُٜٔ ح٢ش رل٤٘خػُٜش ُِو٘خس ح٤ؼ٤جش حُطز٤حُز
Dhabi in respect of the Mussafah .)"عَُٝ٘ٔ("ح
Industrial Channel Habitat
Compensation Island project in the
32
Emirate of Abu Dhabi (the
―Project‖).
(B) Pursuant to the agreement dated 10 ٞ٣ ٓخ10 ٢ش حُٔئٍهش ك٤كوخ ُالطلخهٝ )(د
May 2016, Areef Transport and the ٌٓظذ كَعٝ َق ُِ٘و٣َ كوي أرَٓض حُؼ،2016
Dubai branch office of CREC غ رخػض٤ ك،ي ػويح٣ًَ ػشٞٔ ُٔـ٢ىر
Group entered into a contract حُٔؼيحصٞق ُِ٘وَ رؼ٣َ حُؼٚؿزٞٔر
whereby Areef Transport sold ٢ كَع ىر،ي٣ًَ ػشٞٔ ٓـ٠ُحًَُٔزخص اٝ
certain equipment and vehicles to 2,300,000.00 ٍٙ هي٢ُرٔؼَ َٗحء اؿٔخ
CREC Group‘s Dubai branch for a )"غ١ش حٌز١ ("حطفخلٟىٍُ٘ اِخٍحط
total purchase price of
AED2,300,000.00 (the ―Sale
Agreement‖).
(C) Areef Transport and the Dubai ٌٓظذ كَعٝ َق ُِ٘و٣َ(ؽ) رؼي ًُي أرَٓض حُؼ
branch office of CREC Group ْ أؿٔط17 ن٣ٍش رظخ٤ي حطلخه٣ًَ ػشٞٔ ُٔـ٢ىر
subsequently entered into the .)"ٍـخ٣ش حإل٤٘ش ("حطلخه٤َ ٓؼيحص ٓؼ٤ ُظؤؿ2016
agreement dated 17 August 2016
for the lease of certain equipment
(the ―Lease Agreement‖).
(D) The Parties intend to record their ش ُِظؼخَٓ ٓغ٤ حالطلخهٌٙٛ َ٤ حُطَكخٕ طٔـ١ٞ٘٣ )(ى
agreement to deal with and settle all حالُظِحٓخص حُوخثٔشٝ مٞغ حُلو٤ٔش ؿ٣ٞٔطٝ
existing and future rights and ش٤حُ٘خٗجش ػٖ حطلخهٝ ِشٜش حُٔظ٤ِحُٔٔظوزٝ
liabilities in connection with and ىٞ٘كوخ ُزٝ ٍـخ٣ش حإل٤حطلخهٝ غ٤ش حُز٤حطلخهٝ ،ٖٓخ٠حُظ
arising out of the JV Agreement, the .ش٤ حالطلخهٌٙٛ
Sale Agreement and the Lease
Agreement in accordance with the
terms of this Agreement.
The Parties hereby acknowledge and ٓخ٠ِش ػ٤ حالطلخهٌٙٛ ؿذٞٔحكن حُطَكخٕ رٞ٣ٝ َو٣
agree that: :٢ِ٣
1 In relation to the JV Agreement: :ٖٓخ٠ش حُظ٤ظؼِن رخطلخه٣ ٔخ٤ ك-1
1.1 The Project has been completed )28( َٕٝ٘حُؼٝ ٖٓع ٌٓ٘ حُؼخَُٝ٘ٔ أُٗـِ ح1-1
since 28th October 2013 and خ هيٜٗش أ٣َق حُزل٣َأًيص حُؼٝ ،2013 َرٞأًظ
Areef Marine confirms that it has ٖٓ خُٜ حٍ ٓٔظلوش حُيكغٞٓحٓظِٔض ًَ حأل
received all the monies payable ٖٓ ش٤٘١ُٞش ح٣َ ًَٗش حُـَحكخص حُزل/حُٔخىس
to it by M/s National Marine .عَُٝ٘ٔأؿَ اٗـخُ ح
Dredging Company for the
33
completion of the Project.
1.2 The final accounts between the ٖ٤ش ر٤خثُٜ٘ش حُلٔخرخص ح٣ٌ٤ حكظٔزض حُِـ٘ش حُظ٘ل2-1
joint venture of Areef Marine and ٖ٣ٍي ٓخ٣ًَٝ ش٣َق حُزل٣َخٖٓ حُؼ٠ط
CREC Marine have been ٖٓ 15 ْكوخ ُِٔخىس ٍهٝ خ ٓؼظٔيسٜحػظزَطٝ
calculated and deemed approved ،ش٤خثُٜ٘ حُلٔخرخص ح٠ِر٘خء ػٝ .ٖٓخ٠ش حُظ٤حطلخه
by the Executive Committee ٖ رٔزِؾ٣ٍي ٓخ٣ٌَُ ٖ٣ش طي٣َق حُزل٣َكبٕ حُؼ
pursuant to Clause 15 of the JV .٢ْ آخٍحطٍٛ ى3,541,834.97 ٍٙهيٝ
Agreement. Based on the final .)"٢("حُٔزِؾ حُٔظزو
accounts, Areef Marine owes
CREC Marine the amount of
AED3,541,834.97 (the
―Outstanding Amount‖).
1.3 CREC Marine hereby assign and َط٘وٝ ٖ٣ٍي ٓخ٣ًَ ٍُش طظ٘خ٤ حالطلخهٌٙٛ ؿذٞٔ ر3-1
transfer the Outstanding Amount ٠ُش ا٣َق حُزل٣َ حُؼٖٚ ر٣ طي٢ حُظ٢حُٔزِؾ حُٔظزو
owed by Areef Marine to CREC :٢ُ حُظخٞ حُ٘ل٠ِي ػ٣ًَ ػشٞٔٓـ
Group as follows:
Areef Marine consents to the assignment ٢ حُظ٘خٍُ ػٖ حُٔزِؾ حُٔظزو٠ِش ػ٣َق حُزل٣َحكن حُؼٞط
of the Outstanding Amount to CREC ٍسًٌُٞٔف طيكغ حُٔزخُؾ حٞٓٝ ،ي٣ًَ ػشٞٔخُق ٓـُٜ
Group and shall pay the above stated ،٢ْ آخٍحطٍٛ ى2,000,000.00 ٢ٛٝ ٙأػال
amounts of AED2,000,000.00 and 4 ْكوخ ُِٔخىس ٍهٝ ٢ْ آخٍحطٍٛ ى1,542,834.97ٝ
AED1,542,834.97 in accordance with ػشٞٔ ُٔـ٢ىرٝ ٢ظزٞع أرَِٝلش ٌٓخطذ كُٜٔ ٙأىٗخ
Clause 4 below for the benefit of the Abu .٢ُحٞ حُظ٠ِي ػ٣ًَ
Dhabi and Dubai branch offices of
CREC Group respectively.
2 In relation to the Sale Agreement: :غ٤ش حُز٤ظؼِن رخطلخه٣ ٔخ٤ ك-2
2.1 The registered ownership of the ش٤ُحًَُٔزخص حُظخٝ ش حُٔٔـِش ُِٔؼيحص٤ٌُِٔ ُٗوِض ح1-2
following equipment and vehicles ػشٞٔ ُٔـ٢ ٌٓظذ كَع ىر٠ُق ُِ٘وَ ا٣َٖٓ حُؼ
have been transferred from Areef :ي٣ًَ
Transport to the Dubai branch
34
office of CREC Group:
Description of
RTA registration
equipment/ve Model
Manufacturer number
hicle year
خٗغُٜح جش حُطَم٤َٜ ر٤ٍهْ حُظٔـ
/ق حُٔؼيحصٛٝ َّ ػخ٣ىٞٓ
الصٛحُٞٔحٝ
حًَُٔزخص
Excavator Caterpillar
2009 S60935
ٍكلخ َِ٤ًخطَر
Shovel Volvo
2006 S60932
ؿَحكش ُٞلٞك
Pick-up truck Toyota
2007 C89288
ي آد٤ٗخك٘ش ر طخٞ٣ٞط
Pick-up truck Toyota
2008 S60928
ي آد٤ٗخك٘ش ر طخٞ٣ٞط
ش٤ش حَُ٘ػ٤ٌُِٔخ حٜ٣ق ُِ٘وَ إٔ ُي٣َٖٔ حُؼ٠ ط2-2
2.2 Areef Transport warrants that it حًَُٔزخصٝ يس ُِٔؼيحص٤َ حُٔو٤ؿٝ ش حٌُخِٓش٤حُ٘لؼٝ
had full and unrestricted legal ،ٍٙ أػالًٌُٞٔش ح٤ٌُِٔ هزَ حؿَحء ٗوَ حٍٙس أػالًٌُٞٔح
and beneficial ownership of the ش٤ٌِٓ ْ٣ًَ ػشٞٔ ُٔـ٢ٍ ٌُٔظذ كَع ىرٝرٌُي طئٝ
above equipment and vehicles .حًَُٔزخصٝ ُِٔؼيحصَٞ هخرِش ُِ٘و٤ؿ
prior to the above-mentioned
ownership transfer and therefore
the Dubai branch office of CREC
Group has indefeasible
ownership of the equipment and
vehicles.
2.3 Areef Transport and the Dubai ٢ٌٓظذ كَع ىرٝ َق ُِ٘و٣َحطلن حُؼٝ أًي3-2
branch office of CREC Group :٢ِ٣ ٓخ٠ِي ػ٣ًَ ػشُٞٔٔـ
confirm and agree that:
(a) The Sale Agreement is ٕأٝ .ش٤ حالطلخهٌٙٛ ؿذٞٔغ ر٤ش حُز٤(أ) اُـخء حطلخه
hereby cancelled. Areef ػشٞٔٓـٝ َق ُِ٘و٣َحُظِحٓخص حُؼٝ مٞكو
Transport and CREC حًَُٔزخص حُٔيٍؿشٝ ي حُٔظؼِوش رخُٔؼيحص٣ًَ
Group‘s rights and liabilities ٌٙٛ ٢ٕ ك٥حٍىس حٝ ٢ٛ ،1-2 ْ حُلوَس ٍه٢ك
in respect of the equipment .ش٤حالطلخه
and vehicles listed in Clause
2.1 are now set out in this
Agreement.
35
(b) If not already done so, Areef ـذ٣ ،َاًح ُْ طٌٖ هي هخٓض رٌُي رخُلؼ )(د
Transport shall give the ٢ ٌٓظذ كَع ىر٢ق ُِ٘وَ إٔ طؼط٣َ حُؼ٠ِػ
Dubai branch office of ش ُِٔؼيحص٣خُس حُٔخى٤ْ حُل٣ًَ ػشُٞٔٔـ
CREC Group the physical ٍيس هال٤ٍس رلخُش ػَٔ ؿًٌُٞٔحًَُٔزخص حٝ
possession of the said ٌٙٛ غ٤هٞن ط٣ٍخّ ٖٓ طخ٣) أ10( ػَ٘س
equipment and vehicles in .ش٤حالطلخه
good working order within
ten (10) days from its
signing of this Agreement.
36
4 Areef Marine shall pay the ٠ِ ػ٢ش حُٔزِؾ حُٔظزو٣َق حُزل٣َ طيكن حُؼ-4
Outstanding Amount as follows: :٢ُ حُظخٞحُ٘ل
4.1 AED2,000,000.00 to the Abu ٠ُ ا٢ْ آخٍحطٍٛ ى2,000,000.00 ٍٙهيٝ ٓزِؾ1-4
Dhabi branch office of CREC ٓزؼش٠ِي ػ٣ًَ ػشٞٔ ُٔـ٢ظزٌٞٓظذ كَع أر
Group in 27 equal monthly ٔش٤خ رو٣ٝخ ٓظٔخ٣َٜٗ ) هٔطخ27( َٕٝ٘ػٝ
instalments of AED 75,000. The ٢ٍ كٝ حأل٢ُٔيكغ حُو٣ .٢ْ آخٍحطٍٛ ى75,000
first instalment shall be paid on ش٤ُ حُظخ١طُيكغ حألهٔخٝ ،2018 َ٣٘خ٣ 15 َ هزٝأ
or before 15 January 2018 and ٠َ كظٜٗ ًَ ٖٓ َّ٘ حُوخْٓ ػٞ٣ ٢ك
the following instalments shall be .َٓ رٌَ٘ ًخٚظ٣ٞٔط
paid on the 15th of each
consecutive month until full
settlement.
5 In consideration of Areef Marine ش ٌُخَٓ حُٔزِؾ٣َق حُزل٣َ ىكغ حُؼ٠ُ رخُ٘ظَ ا-5
making full payment of the ٠ِـذ ػ٣ ،ٙ أػال4 ْكوخ ُِٔخىس ٍهٝ ٢حُٔظزو
Outstanding Amount in ٓطخُزش١ ػٖ أ٠ٟٖ إٔ طظـخ٣ٍي ٓخ٣ًَ
accordance with Clause 4 above, ش٣ٞٔش ُِظ٣َق حُزل٣َي حُؼٟ ش٤ُرلخثيس ٓخ
CREC Marine shall forgo any ؿذ حُٔخىسٞٔش ر٤خثُٜ٘حُٔظؤهَس ُِلٔخرخص ح
financial interest claim against .ٖٓخ٠ش حُظ٤ ٖٓ حطلخه15 ٍْه
Areef Marine for the delayed
settlement of the final accounts
under Clause 15 of the JV
Agreement.
6 If Areef Marine fails to pay any ٢ٔ ه١ ىكغ أ٢ش ك٣َق حُزل٣َ كخُش اهلخم حُؼ٢ ك-6
of the instalment payments by the حُلوَس٢ٖ ك٤ حُٔزٚن حٓظلوخه٣ٍٍ طخِٞرل
applicable due date provided in ١غ حألهٔخ٤ٔزق ؿٜ ط،ٙ أػال1-4 ٍْه
Clause 4.1 above, all remaining لن٣ٝ ،ٍٞ حُل٠ِش ٓٔظلوش حُيكغ ػ٤حُٔظزو
instalments shall become due and ٕي أ٣ًَ ػشٞٔ ُٔـ٢٘جٌ ٌُٔظذ كَع ىر٤ك
37
payable immediately and the Abu ًْ كٌْ ٖٓ ٓلخ٠ٍِ ػٜٞ ُِل٠ٔؼ٣
Dhabi branch office of CREC :ٜٙٞش رو٣َق حُزل٣َي حُؼٟ ٢ظزٞأر
Group shall be entitled to seek a
judgment from the Abu Dhabi
Courts against Areef Marine for:
6.1 the total amount due (which ٌٕٞ٣ هي١ٌُ حُٔزِؾ حُٔٔظلن (ح٢ُ اؿٔخ1-6
would be AED2,000,000.00 less ٢آخٍحط ٍْٛى 2,000,000.00
any previous payments that Areef ػخص ٓٔزوش هيٞ ٓيك١ أٚ٘ٓ ٓخٜٞٓو
Marine may have made pursuant -4 ْكوخ ُِلوَس ٍهٝ ش٣َق حُزل٣َٕ ُِؼٌٞط
to Clause 4.1); .)1
6.2 interest on the above due amount %9 ر٘ٔزشٙ حُٔزِؾ حُٔٔظلن أػال٠ِ حُلخثيس ػ2-6
at 9% per annum to be calculated ق٣َن طوِق حُؼ٣ٍخ طلظٔذ ٖٓ طخ٣ٞ٘ٓ
from the date of Areef Marine‘s أىحء حُٔزِؾ٠ش ػٖ حُيكغ كظ٣َحُزل
payment default until the receipt .َٓرخٌُخ
of full payment; and
6.3 all legal costs and expenses for ٍٜٞش رخُلٛق حُوخ٣ٍخُٜٔحٝ ق٤ُغ حُظٌخ٤ٔ ؿ3-6
obtaining the court judgment. كٌْ حُٔلٌٔش٠ِػ
7 This Agreement constitutes the َحف١ٖ حأل٤ش ًخَٓ حالطلخم ر٤ حالطلخهٌٙٛ ٌَ٘ ط-7
entire agreement between the ش٤حطلخهٝ غ٤ش حُز٤حطلخهٝ ،ٖٓخ٠ش حُظ٤ظؼِن رخطلخه٣ ٔخ٤ك
Parties in relation to the JV حُلوَس٢حًَُٔزخص حُٔيٍؿش كٝ حُٔؼيحصٝ ،ٍـخ٣حإل
Agreement, Sale Agreement, .1-2
Lease Agreement and the
equipment and vehicles listed in
Clause 2.1.
8 CREC Group including its Abu ًُي ٌٓظذ٢ي رٔخ ك٣ًَ ػشُٞٔ ُٔـٞـ٣ -8
Dhabi branch office and Dubai ٕ أ٢ ىر٢خ كٌٜٓظذ كَػٝ ،٢ظزٞ أر٢خ كٜكَػ
branch office may assign its ١ أ٠ُش ا٤ حالطلخهٌٙٛ ؿذٞٔخ رِٜلظٜٓ ٖطظ٘خٍُ ػ
benefit under this Agreement to ٠ُ رخُظ٘خٍُ ا٢َف ػخُغ ربػطخء اٗؼخٍ هط١
any third party by giving a ُٚ ٍُش حُٔظ٘خ٣ٞٛ ٘خ٤ ٓزََٟحف حأله١غ حأل٤ٔؿ
written notice of assignment to .ٍ حإلٗؼخ٢ْ) كُٜ(
all other Parties stating the
identity of the assignee(s) in the
notice.
9 Each party agrees that this َش طؼظز٤ حالطلخهٌٙٛ ٕ أ٠َِف ػ١ ًَ حكنٞ٣ -9
Agreement shall take effect )______( ن٣ٍ حػظزخٍح ٖٓ طخ٢ش رؤػَ ٍؿؼ٣ٍٓخ
38
retrospectively from [date] and ش٤ٌُِٔ ح٢ٖ ك٤ٗٞٗخ حُوخٜطِِّ هِلخثٝ ـذ إٔ طُطزن٣ٝ
shall apply and bind its respective .َْٜف رُْٜٔ حُٜ ٍُحُٔظ٘خٝ ُْٜ ٍٞحُٔ٘وٝ
legal successors in title,
transferees and permitted
assignees.
10 Failure by any party to insist ٌََ٘حٍ رٛ حإل٢َف ك١ ١ؼي اهلخم أ٣ ال-10
upon strict performance of any ٌٙٛ ٜٙٞٗ ٖٓ ٚٗ ١ أىحء أ٠ِخٍّ ػٛ
provision of this Agreement shall ٚهٌٞح حُطَف ػٖ كوٛ ش ط٘خُال ٖٓ ؿخٗذ٤حالطلخه
not be deemed a waiver by such َ٤ٜ طوٝ ٓوخُلش أ١ ط٘خُال ػٖ أٝ أٚخط٠٣ٞطؼٝ
party of its rights or remedies, or .ََٟحف حأله١الكن ٖٓ هزَ حأل
a waiver by it of any subsequent
default by the other Party(ies).
11 No Party shall disclose in any ٖٓ وش٣َ١ ١َف رؤ١ ١ق أٜل٣ ٕـذ أ٣ ال-11
manner the terms and conditions َ٤ش ُِـ٤ حالطلخهٌٙٛ ّأكٌخٝ ١َٝٗ ٖحُطَم ػ
of this Agreement to any third َحف١غ حأل٤ٔش ٓٔزوش ٖٓ ؿ٤حكوش هطٞٓ ٕٝري
party without the prior written ؿذٞٔخ ر٤ٓخف اُِحٌٜح حإلكٛ ٌٖ٣ ُْ ٓخَٟحأله
consent of all other Parties unless ٌٙٛ ً اٗلخٝخ ألىحء أ٣ٍَٟٝ زقٛ إٔٝ أٞٗحُوخ
such disclosure is mandatory by .ش٤حالطلخه
law or becomes necessary for
performing or enforcing this
Agreement.
13 This Agreement shall be ٖ٤ٗحٞكوخ ُوٝ َٔطُلٝ ش٤ حالطلخهٌٙٛ ٌْ طُل-13
governed by and construed in ُٔلخًْ حإلٓخٍحصٝ .ش حُٔظليس٤حإلٓخٍحص حُؼَر
accordance with the laws of the ١ أ٠ِ ػ٢خث٠ حُوٙخٜش حُٔظليس حالهظ٤حُؼَر
United Arab Emirates. The ش٤َ٘حف حُٔؼ١ٖ حأل٤ع رٞٗ ١ ٖٓ أٝخ ًخٕ أ٣ِٗحع أ
Courts of the United Arab .ش٤ حالطلخهٌٙٛ ٖ٘٘ؤ ػ٣ ٝظؼِن أ٣ ٔخ٤ك
Emirates shall have jurisdiction
over any dispute whatsoever or of
any kind between the Parties
39
concerning or arising out of this
Agreement.
Each signatory below hereby warrants يٜظؼ٣ٝ ش٤ حالطلخهٌٙٛ ؿذٞٔ رٙهغ أىٗخٞٓ ًَ ٖٔ٠٣
and represents that he has the full power ٌٙٛ ّش إلرَح٤ِٛحألٝ ش٤الكُٜ ًخَٓ حُٚ ٕرؤ
and authority to enter into this agreement .ِٚٔؼ٣ ١ٌُخرش ػٖ حُطَف ح٤ُ٘ش رخ٤حالطلخه
on behalf of the party it represents.
40
– ٔظي٤ُ دَٝٗخٍ ؿٞ٤ٗ حٗظَٗخ١حٝ َ٣ٍ ٘خ٣ًَٗش ط٘خ
:َٓحالْٓ رخٌُخ ٢ىرٝ ٢ظزٞ أر٢خ كٜػَٝٗخِٓش ٌٓخطذ ك
هظْ حًَُ٘ش
EXAMPLE 2
41
ٍـخٜٓ َحؽ٤٘ط : :ٚٓٓوي PASSPORT NO.: H8735200
H8735200 : َحُ حُٔلٍٞهْ ؿ COUNTRY OF INDIA
ISSUE:
٘يُٜح : ٍيحٛرِي حال DATE OF 29/12/2009
2009/12/29 : ٍيحٛن حال٣ٍطخ ISSUE:
2019/12/28 : خءٜن حالٗظ٣ٍطخ DATE OF
EXPIRY:
28/12/2019
42
ٓشٕٞ ٓيػٌَٞ إٔ حألىحس ٓظ٣ِٝرش حُظٞ ػوٚؿزٞٔؼِٖ ر٣ ٕطش ح٣َٗ ASSOCIATES, CONTACTS AND SOURCES, WITH
،٢َٓ حؿَح٤يٍ ؿٜٓ ًحصٝ لشٟحٝٝ لش٤ٗظٝ يس٤حٍ ؿٞٓرخٌُخَٓ رؤ FULL CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY,
َحف١حثي ألٞكٝ حػزخءٝٗخص أٍٞٛ ١ش ٖٓ أ٤ُهخٝ ٖٓ لش٤ٕ ٗظٌٞٓظٝ INSTRUMENTS TO BE ISSUED TO THE
.َٟأه RECEIVER/RECEIVER‘S BANK. PROVIDER
HEREBY DECLARES UNDER PENALTY OF
PERJURY THAT THE INSTRUMENT WILL BE CASH
BACKED BY FUNDS THAT ARE GOOD, CLEAN,
CLEAR, AND FREE OF NON-CRIMINAL ORIGIN,
AND WILL BE FREE AND CLEAR OF ALL LIENS,
ENCUMBRANCES AND THIRD PARTY INTERESTS.
43
: اؿَحءحص حٌّؼخٍِشTRANSACTION PROCEDURE:
حُز٘يٝ ِْخٗخص حُز٘ي حُٔٔظ٤ حُٔٔظِْ ٓأل ر٠ُٞظ٣ 1 1 RECEIVER FILLS IN ITS RECEIVING
BANK AND PAYING BANK
،ٌح حُؼويٛ ٖ٤وظْ حُطَك٣ٝ هغٞ٣ .حُوخثْ رخُٔيحى COORDINATES. BOTH PARTIES SIGN
١ٍٔخٕ طـخٟ ػويٚؿزٌَٞٔ٘ ر٣ ١ٌُحٝ AND SEAL THIS CONTRACT, WHICH
THEREBY BECOMES A FULL
.ًَٓخ COMERCIAL RECOURSE CONTRACT.
ًَٓ٠ ، حٌؼميٍٝغ ػ١لٛ ٓخػش ِٓ حٌظ24 رؼي 2 2. 24 HOURS AFTER CONTRACT IS
شٛفض حٌوخ٠ٌِٛٔميَ حٌويِش ٍٓخٌش ح SIGNED, PROVIDER TO SEND MT103
.ٍُ حٌّٔظٌٝفض ٔض ا٠ٛٓ َفَحى ػزَ ٔظخ٤رخ BY SWIFT NET SYSTEM TO
RECEIVER.
فض٠ٌٛٔيحٍ ٍٓخٌش حٛ اٍٝي ػ١رؼي حٌظؤو AFTER CONFIRMATION OF
يٍ ِميَ حٌويِشٜ١ٓ فَحى؛٤ش رخٛحٌوخ ISSUING MT103; PROVDIER WILL
ٍٓخي٦ ٗ رٙيحٍ حٌوخٛ٦ّخص ٌزٕه ح١ٍطؼ INSTRUCT HIS ISSUING BANK TO
SEND (SCREENSHOT COPY) BY
َد) ػزٛٓ(ٔٔوش ِٓ ٌمطش ٗخٗش حٌلخ EMAIL TO RECEIVER. WITHIN 24
ْٛ٠ غٟ ف.ٍُ حٌّٔظٌٝ أٌَٟٚىظ٨ي ح٠َحٌز HOURS OF THE SWIFT MT103.
شٛفض حٌوخ٠ٌٛٔ ٓخػش ِٓ ٍٓخٌش ح24 3. WITHIN FIVE (5) BANKING DAYS OF
THE MT103, THE RECEIVER'S PAYING
.فَحى٤رخ BANK RELEASES THE PAYMENT OF
ٖٓ ش٤َكٜٓ َٔخّ ػ٣) أ5( ٕ هّٔشٞ٠ ؿ٢ك 3 20%( TWENTY percent ) OF THE
ٔيى حُز٘ي٣ ،ش رخألكَحىٛلض حُوخ٣ٍُٞٔٓخُش ح INSTRUMENT FACE VALUE IN TO
PROVIDER‘S RECEVING ACCOUNTS
ْ رخٌّخثشَٚ٘ حُٔٔظِْ ػٟحُوخثْ رخُٔيحى ُي INCLUDING THE two PERCENT (2%)
كٔخرخص٠ُش ُألىحس ا٤ٔٓٔش حال٤) ٖٓ حُو%20( CONSULTING FEES TO THE RECEIVER‘S
SIDE CONSULTANTS.
ٍّٞٓ ًُي٢ ٓويّ حُويٓش رٔخ كٟحالٓظالّ ُي 4. IF NO PAYMENT IS RECEIVED WITHIN
)%2( ٓ رخٌّخثش١ٕخ حػٜٔظ٤حالٓظ٘خٍحص حُزخُؾ ه THE FIVE BANKING DAYS, THE
.ِْٖ حُٔٔظ٣ٍ ٓٔظ٘خ٠ُا PROVIDER SHALL DEACTIVATE THE
SWIFT MT103 BY PUTTING A CLAIM ON
ٍػخص هالٞ ٓيك١ى أٍٝٝ ّ كخٍ ػي٢ك 4 IT AND THE SWIFT MT103 BECOMES
ؼطَ ٓويّ حُويٓش ٍٓخُش٣ ،ش٤ٌ٘خّ حُز٣حُؤٔش أ NULL AND VOID AND THE RECEIVER
SHALL BE LIABLE FOR THE SWIFT
ْ٣ش رخألكَحى ٖٓ هالٍ طويٛلض حُوخ٣ٞٓ CHARGES.
لض٣ُٞٔزق ٍٓخُش حٜطٝ ٌٕح حُ٘ؤٛ ٢ٓطخُزش ك
ِْٕ حُٔٔظٌٞ٣ٝ ِش١رخٝ ش٤ش رخألكَحى الؿٛحُوخ
.لض٣ُّٞٔ حَِِٞٓٓٓخ ر
:ٓظمطخد٨ػيَ ح NON-SOLICITATION:
ٝ أٙ ًَٗخإٝوش إٔ ٓويّ حُويٓش أ٤ػُٞ حٌٙٛ ؿذٞٔؼِٖ حُٔٔظِْ ر٣ٝ ئًي٣ THE RECEIVER HEREBY CONFIRMS AND
ْٜ حٓظوطخر١َـ٣ ُْ ٚ٘خرش ػ٤ُ٘ رخٙ حٗوخٝ أٚ ٗو١ أٝ أٚ٤ِٓٔؼ DECLARES THAT THE PROVIDER, ITS
ٖٓ ٌَٗ ١ رؤٚ٤ِ ٓٔؼٝ أٙ ًَٗخإٝ أٚ٤ٔٛ ٓٔخٝ أ،َف١ ١حٓطش أٞر ASSOCIATES OR REPRESENTATIVES OR ANY
.ش٤ِ ُٔؼخٓالص ٓٔظوزٝ حُٔؼخِٓش أٌُٜٙ ش٣ٞٔ ًظَٙ٤ٌٖٔٔ طل٣ حالٌٗخٍ ٓخ PERSON OR PERSONS ON ITS BEHALF HAS/HAVE
NEVER BEEN SOLICITED BY ANY PARTY, ITS
SHAREHOLDERS OR ASSOCIATES OR
REPRESENTATIVES IN ANY WAY WHATSOEVER
THAT CAN BE CONSTRUED AS A SOLICITATION
FOR THIS TRANSACTION OR FOR FUTURE
TRANSACTIONS.
44
ٍّٞٓ )%2( ٓ رخٌّخثش١ٕ حػ٠ُخكش اٟ رخإل،َٙ أىٗخ٤ٜخ رخُظلٜخٗظ٤ رPROVIDER‘S THREE RECEIVING ACCOUNTS
ي٣ ًُي طٔي٢لش رٔخ ك٣َٗ ١أٝ ٌَُ ش ُألىحس٤ٔٓٔش حال٤ حٓظ٘خٍحص ُِوSTATED BELOW, PLUS 2% ( TWO PERCENT)
. أؿَ حالٓظلوخمCONSULTANT FEE OF THE INSTRUMENT‘S FACE
VALUE FOR EACH AND ANY TRANCHE
INCLUDING ROLLS AND EXTENTIONS
َ حٌويِشٍٛٓ َ٩ك حٓظ١ٕٔ ِميَ حٌويِش رظَٜ ٌي٩ٓظ٨َ رٕه حٛم٠ PROVIDER’S RECEIVING BANK COORDINATES
:)%15( ّش هّٔش ػَ٘س رخٌّخثش١ رمTO RECEIVE FEES OF FIFTEEN PERCENT
(15%):
ّظي١ٌ ٟظ١ٓ ْٛ١ٍ١ر : حْٓ حًَُ٘ش COMPANY Billion City Limited
NAME:
ٔظزخن٠ٚ رٕه : حْٓ حُز٘ي NAME OF WESTPAC BANK
،ٔيحيٛك ر٠َ١ 118/1 : حٕ حُز٘يٞ٘ػ BANK:
،4217 ،ٞ اي ىٛ١ و،ٔيحيٛر BANK ADDRESS: 1/118 Bundall Rd, Bundall,
Qld,4217, Australia
خ١ٌحٓظَح ACCOUNT Billion City Trust
طَٓضٟظ١ٓ ْٛ١ٍ١ر : حْٓ حُلٔخد NAME:
005739 (BSB 034 705) : ٍهْ حُلٔخد ACCOUNT 005739 (BSB 034 705)
NUMBER:
ِٓ َُ٘١غٚ ٛٔـٌٛ ٍٞٚ : غ٤هٞخكذ طٛ
ACCOUNT Roy Lungu and other
ٓ١ٟٛ حٌّفٙٗوخ٨ح حُلٔخد SIGNATORY: authorized personal
WPACAU2S : لض٣ٞٓ ىًٞ SWIFT CODE: WPACAU2S
45
ش٤َكُٜٔحالص حٞغ حُل٤ٖٔٔ ؿ٠طظ حُشٞٔخص ك٤ِطؼ ALL WIRE TRANSFERS SHALL
INCORPORATE BELOW TEXT
ٙحٍىس أىٗخُٞش ح٤ُٜ٘حَُٓخُش ح شٛهخ MESSAGE AND A COPY OF BANK
َ٣ٞٔش حُظل٤ٔطََٓ ٗٔوش ٖٓ هٝ SPECIAL WIRE
WIRE TRANSFER SLIP SHALL BE
EMAILED TO:
٢َٗٝحالٌُظ ي٣َرخُز ٢ٌ٘حُز INSTRUCTION ....................................FOR
ٖٓ أؿَ حُظلون................:٠ُا LEGAL VERIFICATION AND
DOCUMENTATION PURSUANT TO
ٕٞٗؿذ حُوخٞٔن ر٤ػٞحُظٝ ٢ٗٞٗحُوخ PATRIOT ACT/BANKING
.ش٤َكُٜٔحثق حُِٞ ح/٢٘١ُٞح REGULATIONS
ALL TRANSFER INSTRUCTIONS
:حُشٞٔخص حُل٤ِغ طؼ٤ٖٔٔ ؿ٠طظ : ش٤ٜٗ ٍٓخُش TEXT MESSAGE
SHALL STATE: “FUNDS ARE CLEAN
ًحص،لشٟحٝ لش٤حٍ ٗظٞٓ"حأل AND CLEAR, OF NON-CRIMINAL
ORIGIN AND ARE PAYABLE IN CASH
ٓٔظلوشٝ ٢َٓ حؿَح٤يٍ ؿٜٓ IMMEDIATELY UPON RECEIPT,
ٍ ػ٘يٞ حُل٠ِػٝ حُٔيحى ٗويح TRANSACTION CODE:
:ى حُٔؼخِٓشًٞ ،ّحالٓظال
َ حٌويِشٍٛٓ َ٩ك حٓظ١ٕٔ ِميَ حٌويِش رظَٜ ٌي٩ٓظ٨َ رٕه حٛم٠ PROVIDER’S RECEIVING BANK COORDINATES
:)%3( ػش رخٌّخثش٩ّش ػ١رم TO RECEIVE FEES OF THREE PERCENT (3%):
ّظي١ٌ ٟظ١ٓ ْٛ١ٍ١ ر: حْٓ حًَُ٘ش COMPANY Billion City Limited
NAME:
ٔظزخن٠ٚ رٕه: حْٓ حُز٘ي NAME OF WESTPAC BANK
،ٔيحيٛ ر،ٔيحيٛك ر٠َ١ 118/1 : حٕ حُز٘يٞ٘ػ BANK:
خ١ٌ حٓظَح،4217 ،ٞ اي ىٛ١و BANK 1/118 Bundall Rd, Bundall,
ADDRESS: Qld,4217, Australia
طَٓضٟظ١ٓ ْٛ١ٍ١ ر: حْٓ حُلٔخد
ACCOUNT Billion City Trust
005739 (ASB 039 919) : ٍهْ حُلٔخد NAME:
ِٓ َُ٘١غٚ ٛٔـٌٛ ٍٞٚ : غ حُلٔخد٤هٞخكذ طٛ ACCOUNT 005739 (ASB 039 919)
NUMBER:
ٓ١ٟٛ حٌّفٙٗوخ٨ح ACCOUNT Roy Lungu and other authorized
WPACAU2S : لض٣ٞٓ ىًٞ SIGNATORY: personal
ش٤َكُٜٔحالص حٞغ حُل٤ٖٔٔ ؿ٠طظ شٛحُش هخٞٔخص ك٤ِطؼ SWIFT CODE: WPACAU2S
ََٓطٝ ٙحٍىس أىٗخُٞش ح٤ُٜ٘حَُٓخُش ح ALL WIRE TRANSFERS SHALL
INCORPORATE BELOW TEXT MESSAGE
ي٣َ رخُز٢ٌَ٘ حُز٣ٞٔش حُظل٤ٔٗٔوش ٖٓ ه SPECIAL AND A COPY OF BANK WIRE TRANSFER
َ ٖٓ أؿ................:٠ُ ا٢َٗٝحالٌُظ WIRE SLIP SHALL BE EMAILED TO:
INSTRUCTIO ....................................FOR LEGAL
ؿذٞٔن ر٤ػٞحُظٝ ٢ٗٞٗحُظلون حُوخ VERIFICATION AND DOCUMENTATION
N
.ش٤َكُٜٔحثق حُِٞ ح/٢٘١ُٕٞ حٞٗحُوخ PURSUANT TO PATRIOT ACT/BANKING
REGULATIONS
:حُشٞٔخص حُل٤ِغ طؼ٤ٖٔٔ ؿ٠ طظ: ش٤ٜٗ ٍٓخُش
TEXT ALL TRANSFER INSTRUCTIONS SHALL
ٍيٜٓ ًحص،لشٟحٝ لش٤حٍ ٗظٞٓ"حأل MESSAGE STATE: “FUNDS ARE CLEAN AND CLEAR,
OF NON-CRIMINAL ORIGIN AND ARE
ٓٔظلوش حُٔيحى ٗويحٝ ٢َٓ حؿَح٤ؿ PAYABLE IN CASH IMMEDIATELY UPON
ىًٞ ،ٍّ ػ٘ي حالٓظالٞ حُل٠ِػٝ RECEIPT, TRANSACTION CODE:
:حُٔؼخِٓش
فَحى٤ش رخٛفض حٌوخ٠ٛٓ َ ٍٓخٌش٩ٓظ٨ ٍُش ٌٍّٔظ١ً حٌزٕى١ٛ حٌظفخRECEIVER’S BANKING COORDINATES TO
:)حكيٚ ٖ(حطـخ RECEIVE SWIFT MT103 (ONE WAY):
: حْٓ حًَُ٘ش COMPANY NAME:
ADDRESS:
: ٕحٞ٘حُؼ
: ٚٓٓوي REPRESENTED
: حْٓ حُز٘ي BY:
NAME OF BANK:
: حٕ حُز٘يٞ٘ػ BANK ADDRESS:
: حْٓ حُلٔخد ACCOUNT NAME:
: ٍهْ حُلٔخد ACCOUNT
46
: غ حُلٔخد٤هٞخكذ طٛ NUMBER:
: :ىًٞ ض٣ٞٓ ACCOUNT
SIGNATORY:
: ٍ حُز٘يٝٓٔئ SWIFT CODE:
: ٍ حُز٘يٝخطق ٓٔئٛ BANK OFFICER:
: ٍ حُز٘يٝ ُٔٔئ٢َٗٝي حٌُظ٣َر BANK OFFICER‘S
PHONE:
BANK OFFICER‘S
EMAIL:
) كَٗٔخ،ْ٣ٍش (رخ٤ُٝش حُي٣ٍحػي حُـَكش حُظـخٞش ُو٤ حالطلخهٌٙٛ غ٠ طوTHIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY THE
َِٓطٌٞٗش (ا٣ٍطِلخص حُظـخَُٜٔ ح٤ٔش ُظل٤ُٝحػي حُيٞغ ُِو٠طوٝ RULES OF THE INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF
.خ حُٔؼيُشٜـظ٤ٛٝ )2010 COMMERCE (PARIS, FRANCE) AND SUBJECT TO
THE INTERPRETATION OF INCOTERMS 2010
EDITION AND AS AMENDED TO APPLY.
ٌٙٛ ْهظٝ غ٤هٖٞ رظ٤ٟٞٔخ حُٔلٜ٤ِػِ حُطَكخٕ ُٔٔؼٝ أ،َاػزخطخ ٌّخ طميٚ IN WITNESS THEREOF, THE PARTIES HAVE
ّحالكٌخٝ ١َُٝ٘ ح٠ِح ػٞحكوٝٝ حِٞهزٝ حٜٞٔ هي ك٢ُرخُظخٝ ش٤حالطلخه CAUSED THIS AGREEMENT TO BE SIGNED AND
ن٣ٍ حُظخ٢ْ كٜؼخط٤هٞ طلَٔ ط٢وش حُظ٤ػُٞ حٌٙٛ ٢خ كٜ٤ِ ػُٜٙٞ٘ٔح EXECUTED BY THEIR AUTHORIZED
.ٍٙ أػالًٌُٞٔح REPRESENTATIVES AND HAVE THEREBY
UNDERSTOOD, AGREED AND ACCEPTED THE
TERMS AND CONDITIONS SO STATED HEREIN
WITH SIGNATURES AFFIXED BELOW ON THE
FIRST DATE ABOVE WRITTEN.
غ١لٛحٌظ خرش ػٓ ِميَ حٌويِش١ٌٕرخٚ خٌقٌٜ غ١لٛ حٌظSIGNED FOR AND ON BEHALF OF PROVIDER:
:ٍُخرش ػٓ حٌّٔظ١ٌٕرخٚ خٌقٌٜ SIGNED FOR AND ON BEHALF OF
RECEIVER:
ٔظي٤ُ ٍظخ٤خٕ ًخر٤رٍَٝٝ أ٤ٔ٣َر
)ْهظٝ غ٤هٞ(ط
47
ىحٍس٦لَحٍ ِـٍْ ح RESOLUTION OF THE BOARD OF
DIRECTORS
،ّظي١ٌ..................ي رؤٕ ِـٍْ اىحٍس َٗوشُٜ٘٘ ٌحٛ THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THE BOARD OF
سّٞخ رؼي "حٌَ٘وش") ػوذ حُيػ١خ فٙ١ٌ٘خٍ ا٠( .................خَٛٓوٝ DIRECTORS OF ......................... CO., LIMITED
حؿذ الؿظٔخع ٓـِْ حالىحٍسُٞ حٞ حُ٘ل٠ِحالٗؼوخى ػٝ ٍحإلٗؼخٝ ٠ُا HAVING ITS CONTACT ADDRESS
ٓوَ حًَُ٘ش٢ ك،2017 َكٔزٞٗ .. ن٣ٍ رظخ٢ٗٞٗخد حُوخُٜ٘حٌُٔظَٔ ح ................................(HEREINAFTER REFERREDTO
AS THE ―COMPANY‖) HAVING A BOARD OF
ٞ حُ٘ل٠ِ ػ،ش رخإلؿٔخع٤ُغ حطوٌص حُوَحٍحص حُظخ٤ ك،ٙ أػالٚ٤ُحُٔ٘خٍ ا
DIRECTORS MEETING WHICH WAS DULY AND
:٢ُحُظخ REGULARLY CALLED, NOTICED AND HELD ON
....... NOVEMBER 2017, AT THE COMPANY‘S
ABOVE REFERENCED CONTACT ADDRESS AT
WHICH THERE WAS PRESENT A QUORUM
THEREOF, WHEREIN THE FOLLOWING
RESOLUTIONS WERE UNANIMOUSLY ADOPTED,
TO WIT:
--------- ْحُ َٓ ٍهٞ ؿ،--------------------- /ي٤ُٔ ح:ْلٍَ أ RESOLVED: THAT
ٖخرش ػ٤ُ٘رخٝ خُقُٜ غ٤هٞ رخُظٝٞحُٔلٝ ١ٌ٤ْ حُظ٘ل٤ حَُثٚلٛٞر …………………………………………………HOLDER
ي٤كُٞ حُٔٔؼَ حٚلٛٞلش ٓٔظوِش رٜخ رخٌُخَٓ ُِؼَٔ رٟٞ ٓل،حًَُ٘ش OF PASSPORT NUMBER …………………… CEO
ٔخ٤خرش ػٖ حًَُ٘ش ك٤ُ٘ػخثن حُالُٓش رخُٞغ ح٤ٔ ؿ٠ِغ ػ٤هًَُِٞ٘ش ُِظ AND AUTHORIZED SIGNATORY FOR AND ON
BEHALF OF THE COMPANY, WAS FULLY
ش٤ٌ٘اىحٍس حُلٔخرخص حُزٝ َ كظق٤ُظلؼٝ ش٤ٌ٘حص حُزٝظؼِن رٔؼخٓالص حألى٣
AUTHORIZED TO ACT INDIVIDUALLY AS THE
ُٚٝ ،خٛي٣ طليُٚ ُٞـ٣ ىٞ٘ ر١ أ٢خُق حًَُ٘ش كُٜٝ ٖخرش ػ٤ُ٘رخ SOLE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE COMPANY TO
ٚظ٤الكٛ مٝ خٜ٘ٓ ٍحَٞٓف حالٛٝ ٍٞ هز،خٜ٤ِغ ػ٤هٞش حُظ٤الكٛ EXECUTE ALL NECESSARY DOCUMENTS ON
كنٝ خٛليى٣ ٢ى حُظٞ٘حُزٝ ٍخىُٜٔى ٓغ حٞ حُؼو٠ِغ ػ٤هٞحُظٝ ،َٙ٣طويٝ BEHALF OF THE COMPANY IN CONNECTION
.ِلش ًَُِ٘شٜٓ َ٠ن أك٤ُظلوٝ خُقُٜ َٙ٣طوي WITH BANK INSTRUMENTS TRANSACTIONS AND
TO EFFECT THE OPENING AND OPERATION OF
BANK ACCOUNTS ON BEHALF OF AND FOR THE
BENEFIT OF THE COMPANY AT ANY BANK(S) HE
SHALL SELECT, AND BE A SIGNATORY
THEREON, TO ACCEPT AND DISBURSE FUNDS
THERE FROM, AT HIS DISCRETION AND
DETERMINATION, AND TO EXECUTE
CONTRACTS WITH HIS SELECTED SOURCES AND
BANKS THEREIN, AT HIS DISCRETION, FOR AND
IN THE BEST INTEREST OF THE COMPANY.
ٌٕٞ٣ ،َ حًَُ٘ش٣ ٓي،-----------------/ي٤ُٔ إٔ ح:خ٠٠وّخ لٍَ أ FURTHER RESOLVED:
إٔ حُوَحٍحص٠ِن ػ٣يٜخ ُِظٜؿٞٓٝ خٟٞوش ٓل٤ػُٞ حٌٙٛ ؿذٞٔرٝ THAT…………………………………………………DI
٢ِحُ٘ظخّ حُيحهٝ ؼخم٤ٓ ٓغ٢ٗ طظٔخٙخ حػالٜ٤ِ ػُٜٙٞ٘ٔحالكٌخّ حٝ RECTOR OF THE COMPANY, BE AND HEREBY
ٌٙٛ ؿذُٞٔش رٞش حُٔو٤الكُٜحٝ ٍإٔ حُوَحٝ ،ْ حًَُ٘ش٤ٓػوي طؤٝ ISAUTHORIZED AND DIRECTED TO CERTIFY
THAT THE FOREGOING RESOLUTIONS AND THE
ُٜٙٞ٘ٔ حَٝخء ٖٓ حُـٜ حالٗظ٠خٕ كظ٣َُٔحٝ ًخ ًخَٓ حُ٘لخُٜ وش٤ػُٞح
PROVISIONS THEREOF ARE IN CONFORMITY
.وش٤ػُٞ حٌٙٛ ٢ كٚ٤ِػ WITH THE CHARTER, BYLAWS AND ARTICLES
OF INCORPORATION OF THE COMPANY, AND
THAT THE FOREGOING RESOLUTION AND THE
AUTHORITY THEREBY CONVEYED SHALL
REMAIN IN FULL FORCE AND EFFECT UNTIL THE
PURPOSE SET FORTH HEREIN ARE
ACCOMPLISHED.
ٖٓ ش٤ثٞ٠ُ حُ٘ٔوش حٝخ إٔ حُ٘ٔوش حَُِٔٓش رخُلخًْ أ٠٣ي أٜ٘٣ ًٔخ IT IS FURTHER CERTIFIED THAT THIS
ٌُخكشٝ غ٤ٍٔ ٖٓ حُـٞٓوزٝ َٛش ُأل٣ٝٔش ٓٔخ٤ هُٚ ٌحٛ هَحٍ حًَُ٘ش CORPORATE RESOLUTION‘S FAX OR
.ٕ ٌٓخ١ أ٢كٝ ٝحالؿَح PHOTOCOPIES SHALL BE OF EQUAL VALUE TO
THEIR ORIGINAL AND SHALL BE ACCEPTED AS
SUCH BY EVERYONE, FOR ALL PURPOSES,
EVERYWHERE.
وخ٣يٜهظْ حًَُ٘ش طٝ ٢ؼ٤هٞوش ط٤ػُٞ حٌٙٛ كِٔض،ّاػزخطخ ُٔخ طويٝ IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I HAVE HEREUNTO SET
48
ُِ MY HAND AND SEAL OF THE COMPANY INوَحٍحص ٝحالكٌخّ حُٞحٍىس حػال ٙك ّٞ٣ ٢حالػ٘ٓ 18 ٖ٤زظٔزَ .2017
& CERTIFICATION OF THE ABOVE RESOLUTIONS
PROVISIONS ON MONDAY OF SEPTEMBER 18,
2017
حٌّٛحفمش ٚحٌظٛل١غ رظخٍ٠ن .2017 .............. AGREED AND SIGN ON ..............................., 2017.
__________________________________________ ------------------------
: Name:حالْٓ
Passport:ؿٞحُ حُٔلَ :
: Nationality:حُـ٘ٔ٤ش
Date of Issue:طخٍ٣ن حالٛيحٍ :
Date of Expiry:طخٍ٣ن حالٗظٜخء :
ٍٛٛس ؿٛحُ ٓفَ حٌّف ٝٛرخٌظٛل١غ PASSPORT COPY OF PROVIDER‘S
AUTHORIZED SIGNATORY
ؿّ٠ٍٛٙش حٌٕٙي
ٍهْ ؿٞحُ حُٔلَH8735200 :
حالْٓ :طَ٘٤حؽ ٜٓـخٍ
حُـ٘ٔ٤ش٘ٛ :ي١
حُـًًَْ٘ :
طخٍ٣ن حُٔ٤الى1984/07/14 :
ٓلَ حُٔ٤الى :ىُ٢ٜ
ٓلَ حالٛيحٍ :ىُ٢ٜ
طخٍ٣ن حالٛيحٍ2009/12/29 :
طخٍ٣ن حالٗظٜخء2019/12/28 :
(طٞه٤غ ٛخكذ ؿٞحُ حُٔلَ)
ِٓطش اٛيحٍ ؿٞحُحص حُٔلَ ٞ٤ٗ /ىُ٢ٜ
(طٞه٤غ ٝهظْ)
49
.ِِ٣ٝٝ حٗـِظَح
.2008 َ٣ٍَ ٖٓ أرٝن حأل٣ٍ ٓـِْ حًَُ٘خص رظخ٢ُٓ٘لض ك
ٍُ حٌّٔظٜغ ٌي١لٛ رخٌظٝٛحُ ٓفَ حٌّفٍٛس ؿٛٛ PASSPORT COPY OF RECEIVER‘S
AUTHORIZED SIGNATORY
50
ٍٛٛس ػٕ١ش ٍٓخٌش ٓ٠ٛفض حٌوخٛش رخ٤فَحى
ٗويّ ٗلٖ ،ر٘ي ٞ٣ر ٢اّ أ ٚ٣ؿٗ ،٢خٍع رخٜٞ٘ٛكٔظَحٍٓٞ٣ُ 458001 ٢مَٔ٣ٞٓ ،ح٣ ،ظٔظغ رخُٔٔئ٤ُٝش حَُٜٔك٤ش حٌُخِٓش ،كٞحُش رٌ٘٤ش
ٜٗخث٤ش ٝهخرِش ُِظلٝ َ٣ٞهخرِش ُِظ٘خٍُ ٝهخرِش ُالٓظيػخء ػزَ ٍٓخُش حُٔ٣ٞلض حُوخٛش رخألكَحى ٓيػٓٞش ٗويح ُٜخُق حٓزخٕ حٗلٔظٔ٘ض ٓخٗـٔ٘ض
ُٔ٤ظيٍٝ ،هْ كٔخد ٓ OSA 121921259535203زِؾ ٗويٝ ١هيٍ ٙهٔٔٔخثش ِٓ )ٍٝٞ٣ 500.000.000.00( ٍٝٞ٣ ٕٞ٤رخُؼِٔش حُوخٗ٤ٗٞش
ُؼِٔش حالطلخى حالٍٝٝر ٢رـَ ٝحالٓظؼٔخٍحص.
51
ٗئًي رٔٞؿز ٚإٔ حألٓٞحٍ اُ ٠كي ػِٔ٘خ ؿ٤يس ٗٝظ٤لش ٝٝحٟلش ٝهخُ٤ش ٖٓ أ ١ؿزخ٣ش أ ٍٖٛ ٝأ ٝحػزخء ٝهي أػزض ٓزيأ حالكٜخف حُظخّ رؤٗ ٚهي
طل َٜػِ ٌٙٛ ٠حألٓٞحٍ ٖٓ حٗ٘طش أػٔخٍ طـخٍ٣ش ؿ َ٤ؿ٘خث٤ش .إ حُلٞحُش حُزٌ٘٤ش حُٜ٘خث٤ش ٝحُوخرِش ُِظلٝ َ٣ٞحُوخرِش ُِظ٘خٍُ ٝحُوخرِش
ُالٓظيػخء ػزَ ٍٓخُش حُٔ٣ٞلض حُوخٛش رخألكَحى ٘ٓ ٢ٛي حهَحٍ رخُي ِِّٓ ٖ٣حُٞكخء رخٌُخَٓ ٝهخرِش ُالٓظيػخء ػِ ٠حُلُِٔ ٍٞيحى ٗويح ك٢
طخٍ٣ن حالٓظلوخم.
إ حُلٞحُش حُزٌ٘٤ش حُٜ٘خث٤ش ٝحُوخرِش ُِظلٝ َ٣ٞحُوخرِش ُِظ٘خٍُ ٝحُوخرِش ُالٓظيػخء ػزَ ٍٓخُش حُٔ٣ٞلض حُوخٛش رخألكَحى ٓخٍ٣ش حُٔلؼُٔ ٍٞيس ػخّ
ٖٓ ،ّٞ٣ٝطخٍ٣ن حالٓظالّ ٌٖٔ٣ٝحالػظٔخى ػِٜ٤خ ُِل ٍٜٞػِ ٠حالثظٔخٕ حُ٘وي ١حٌُخَٓ رٔزِؾ ٝهيٍ ٙهٔٔٔخثش ٍِٓٝٞ٣ ٕٞ٤
(.)ٍٝٞ٣ 500.000.000.00
٢ٛ ٌٙٛأىحس ط٘ل٣ٌ٤ش رخُ٘٤خرش ػٖ ر٘ي ٞ٣ر ٢اّ أ ٚ٣ؿٗ ،٢خٍع رخٜٞ٘ٛكٔظَحٍٓٞ٣ُ 458001 ٢مَٔ٣ٞٓ ،ح هخٟؼش ألٗظٔش حُظل٣ٞالص
حُٔخُ٤ش حُي٤ُٝش ٖٓ حُوخٗ ٕٞحُظـخٍ ١حُٔٞكي ُِٔيحى ك ٢حُلٔخرخص حَُٜٔك٤ش حُوخٍؿ٤شَ٣ .ؿ ٠آيحء حٍُٔ٘ٞس ُِٔٔظل٤ي ٖٓ طل َ٣ٞأٓٞحٍ رٔزِؾ
ٝهيٍ ٙهٔٔٔخثش ُِٓ )ٍٝٞ٣ 500.000.000.00( ٍٝٞ٣ ٕٞ٤ـَ ٝحالٓظؼٔخٍ.
ٌٛح ٘ٓ ٞٛطٞم حألىحس ٣ ُٖٝظزغ ًُي ٗٔوش ٍٝه٤ش.
ٓؼِٓٞخص ٓـَ أَٓ حُٔ٣ٞلض )MAC( )PEO( )INT( CHK )PEC ENG( )DAN( :MAC ٢ٛ
ُٜخُق ٝرخُ٘٤خرش ػٖ
ر٘ي ٞ٣ر ٢اّ أ ٚ٣ؿ٢
ٗخٍع رخٜٞ٘ٛكٔظَحٍٓٞ٣ُ 458001 ٢م
حُٔٔئ ٍٝحُٔل2 ٝٞ حُٔٔئ ٍٝحُٔل1 ٝٞ
رخٌٓخٍ ىح)UBS081285( َ٣ الٍّ ر)UBS078431( ٖٗٞ
ٍث ْ٤حُؼِٔ٤خص حألؿ٘ز٤ش ٍث ْ٤حُويٓخص حَُٜٔك٤ش ًَُِ٘خص
ٓ :ؼِٓٞخص حُلٞحُش /حؿَح ٝحٓظؼٔخٍحص طـخٍ٣ش 70
:طلخ َ٤ٛحَُٓ :ّٞهخٛش ر٘خ 71A
:حُٔؼِٓٞخص حَُِٔٓش ٖٓ حََُٔٓ ُِٔٔظِْ 72
ُِل ٍٜٞػِ ٠حثظٔخٕ ك ١ٍٞاُ ٠كٔخد حُٔٔظل٤ي
-----------اؿَحءحص---------
طوَٗ َ٣زٌش حُلجش
ٝهض حالٛيحٍ 10:04:26 2016/12/07 :ؿَ٘٣ظٖ 01:00+
ططز٤ن ٝحؿٜش ٓ٣ٞلض ٗض
ٓ٘ـَ حُ٘ظخّ
حٓظالّ (حٓؼخٍ طِٔ)ْ٤
(1:EUR-0116253825UBSWCGZHXXX 8876554- 00785430/CMBCCNBSXXX/012734194-82716- CMBCCNBSXXX
)(200:0) (2332;ACK) (108:Z453HN0200A1817HYRTEE11726539FTRTRWY
52
SAMPLE COPY OF MT 103
53
ٍٓخٌش ٓ٠ٛفض هخٛش رخ٤فَحى ِٓ رٕه ٛ٠ر ٟاّ
54
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رقم الحساب نوع التعليمات -MT-103 :تعليمات استالم داخلي رقم شاشة GBS
UBS089011254432 نوع التعليمات الفرعي :رسالة السويفت الخاصة باألفراد (اتجاه واحد) عميل ائتمان واحد
مؤشر MAT3D :التاريخ2016/12/07 :
1
المرجعUBSWCHZH :
المراجعCMBCCNBSXXX -
المرسل :بنك يو بي إس أيه جي
المستلم :بنك الصين التجاري
-كود الفرز-30 : عميل الوكيل :اسبان انفستمنت مانجمنت ليمتد
رقم ايبانUBS0890112544321 : رقم الحسابOSA 121921259535203 :
مقدم الطلب :مؤسسة قطر للبترول
نشاط المستخدم
الحالة الوقت التاريخ مستخدم
استالم مقفول بواسطة:
خارجي داخلي تاريخ االرسال 07 :ديسمبر PRT_TPZH 10:04:26 2016
المبلغ 500.000.000.00 :يورو االلغاء /التعديل بواسطة:
المشترك :غير محدد تاريخ االستالم 07 :ديسمبر PRT_TPZH 11:06:29 2016
التقدم
تم الطباعة
الضمانات
اسمية أ
النص (يورو0116253825UBSWCGZHXXX 8876554- 00785430/CMBCCNBSXXX -
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ٍُفَحى ٌٍّٔظ٤ش رخٛفض هخ٠ٛٓ ً ٍٓخٌش١ٍٛس ِٓ طفخٛٛ RECEIVER‘S COPY OF MT103 ONE WAY
VERBIAGE
××××××××××××××××××× : حْٓ حُز٘ي Bank Name: XXXXXXXXXXXX
×××××××××××××××××××××× : حٕ حُلَعٞ٘ػ Branch Address: XXXXXXXXXXXX
Swift Code: XXXXXXXXXXXX
×××××××××××××××××××××× : :ىًٞ لض٣ٞٓ Account Number: XXXXXXXXXXXX
×××××××××××××××××××××× : ٍهْ حُلٔخد Iban Number: XXXXXXXXXXXX
Trust Account: XXXXXXXXXXXX
×××××××××××××××××××××× : ٕزخ٣٥ٍهْ ح Account Name: XXXXXXXXXXXX
Bank Officer 1: XXXXXXXXXXXX
×××××××××××××××××××××× : ٢ٗكٔخد حثظٔخ
Telephone Number:
×××××××××××××××××××××× حْٓ حُلٔخد XXXXXXXXXXXX
Email: XXXXXXXXXXXX
×××××××××××××××××××××× : 1 ٍ حُز٘يٝٓٔئ
----------------------------INSTANCE
×××××××××××××××××××××× : ٍ حُز٘يٝخطق ٓٔئٛ
TYPE AND TRANSMISSION------------
×××××××××××××××××××××× : ٍ حُز٘يٝ ُٔٔئ٢َٗٝي حٌُظ٣َر ---
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: ٍهْ كخًْ حُز٘ي BANK NAME:
: حُٔئٓٔشٟ حُلٔخد ُي: 57A BANK ADDRESS:
APPLICANT:
ACCOUNT NO:
IBAN NUMBER:
BANK OFFICER 1:
BANK PHONE:
BANK FAX NO:
57A: ACCOUNT WITH INSTITUTION:
××××××××××××××××××× : حْٓ حُز٘ي
×××××××××××××××××××××× : حٕ حُلَعٞ٘ػ Bank Name: XXXXXXXXXXXX
Branch Address: XXXXXXXXXXXX
×××××××××××××××××××××× : :ىًٞ لض٣ٞٓ Swift Code: XXXXXXXXXXXX
Account Number: XXXXXXXXXXXX
×××××××××××××××××××××× : ٍهْ حُلٔخد
Iban Number: XXXXXXXXXXXX
×××××××××××××××××××××× : ٕزخ٣٥ٍهْ ح Trust Account: XXXXXXXXXXXX
Account Name: XXXXXXXXXXXX
×××××××××××××××××××××× : ٢ٗكٔخد حثظٔخ Bank Officer 1: XXXXXXXXXXXX
×××××××××××××××××××××× حْٓ حُلٔخد Telephone Number:
XXXXXXXXXXXX
×××××××××××××××××××××× : 1 ٍ حُز٘يٝٓٔئ Email: XXXXXXXXXXXX
×××××××××××××××××××××× : ٍ حُز٘يٝخطق ٓٔئٛ
----------------------------INSTANCE
×××××××××××××××××××××× : ٍ حُز٘يٝ ُٔٔئ٢َٗٝي حٌُظ٣َر TYPE AND TRANSMISSION------------
---
××××××××××××××× :ي٤َ حُٔٔظل٤ٔ حْٓ حُؼ: 59 59: BENEFICIARY CUSTOMER'S NAME:
/ٍحٓظؼٔخ/:ش٤ُحُش حُٔخٞٓخص حُلِٞ ٓؼ: 70 XXXXXXXXXXXX
َ٤ٛ طلخ: 79 70: REMITTANCE
خَٛٓوٝ ،ش٤َكُٜٔ ُِويٓخص ح١خٜٗ٘ـٝ ٗؾًٞ ٗؾٞٛ ًَٗش،ٖ ٗويّ ٗلINFORMATION:/INVESTMENT/
، حٌُِٔٔش حُٔظليس،E14 5HQ ٕحٍف ُ٘يٝ ١ٍ ً٘خ،يحٕ ً٘يح٤ٓ 8 ٢ ك79: DETAILS
هخرِشٝ هخرِش ُِظـِثشٝ ٝٝهخرِش ُِظلخٝ ش٤خثٜٗ َش ػز٤حُش رَهٞ كٚؿزٞٔر WE, THE HONGKONG AND SHANGHAI BANKING
ش٣ٍش رخألكَحى ٓخٛلض حُوخ٣ُٞٔهخرِش ُالٓظيػخء ػزَ ٍٓخُش حٝ َ٣ُِٞظل CORPORATION, ADDRESS AT 8 CANADA
××××××××× ُلٔخد:٢ُخُق حْٓ حُلٔخد حُظخُٜ ٍٞحُٔلؼ SQUARE, CANARY WHARF LONDON E14 5HQ,
ٕٞ٤ِٓ هٔٔٔخثشٍٙهيٝ ًُي ُٔزِؾٝ ×××××××××××××××:ٍْه UNITED KINGDOM, HEREBY PRESENT OUR
٢رٍٝٝش ُالطلخى حال٤ٗٞٗ) رخُؼِٔش حُوخٍٝٞ٣ 500.000.000.00( ٍٝٞ٣ IRREVOCABLE, NEGOTIABLE, DIVISIBLE,
.حُٔظخؿَسٝ حُظـخٍسٝألؿَح TRANSFERABLE, AND CALLABLE CASH BACKED
STANDING SWIFT MT103 WIRE TRANSFER IN
FAVOR OF THE ACCOUNT NAME OF:
XXXXXXXXXXXX FOR ACCOUNT NUMBER:
XXXXXXXXXXXX CASH FUNDS AMOUNTING TO
AND VALUED AT €500,000,000.00
(FIVE HUNDRED MILLION EURO) IN THE LAWFUL
CURRENCY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION FOR
COMMERCIAL AND TRADING PURPOSES.
ش٤ُهخٝ لشٟحٝٝ لش٤ٗظٝ يس٤ كي ػِٔ٘خ ؿ٠ُحٍ اٞٓ إٔ حألٚؿزٞٔٗئًي ر WE HERBY CONFIRM THAT THE FUNDS TO THE
هيٚٗخف حُظخّ رؤٜهي أػزض ٓزيأ حالكٝ حػزخءٖٝ أٍٛ ٝش أ٣ ؿزخ١ٖٓ أ BEST OF OUR KNOWLEDGE ARE GOOD,
CLEAN, CLEAR AND FREE OF ANY LEVY, LIENS OR
.ش٤َ ؿ٘خث٤ش ؿ٣ٍحٍ ٖٓ حٗ٘طش أػٔخٍ طـخٞٓ حألٌٙٛ ٠َِ ػٜطل
ENCUMBRANCES AND THE RULE
OF FULL DISCLOSURE HAS BEEN ESTABLISHED
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THAT SUCH FUNDS WERE LEGALLY
OBTAINED FROM NON-CRIMINAL BUSINESS
ACTIVITIES.
حُوخرِشٝ ٍُحُوخرِش ُِظ٘خٝ َ٣ٞحُوخرِش ُِظلٝ ش٤خثُٜ٘ش ح٤ٌ٘حُش حُزٞإ حُل THIS UNCONDITIONAL, IRREVOCABLE,
ٖ٣ ٓ٘ي حهَحٍ رخُي٢ٛ ش رخألكَحىٛلض حُوخ٣ُُٞٔالٓظيػخء ػزَ ٍٓخُش ح ASSIGNABLE, TRANSFERABLE AND CALLABLE
SWIFT MT103 WIRE TRANSFER IS A BINDING FULLY
حُظـخٍسٍٝ ألؿَحٞ حُل٠ِهخرِش ُالٓظيػخء ػٝ َٓكخء رخٌُخُِِّٞٓ ح
PERFORMED DUE BILL AND
.حُٔظخؿَسٝ IMMEDIATELY CALLABLE FOR CASH PAYMENT,
WE CONFIRM THAT THE PAYMENT
SHOULD BE RELEASED IMMEDIATELY FOR
COMMERCIAL AND TRADING PURPOSES.
حُوخرِشٝ ٍُحُوخرِش ُِظ٘خٝ َ٣ٞحُوخرِش ُِظلٝ ش٤خثُٜ٘ش ح٤ٌ٘حُش حُزٞإ حُل THIS UNCONDITIONAL, IRREVOCABLE,
ٍ ُٔيسٞش حُٔلؼ٣ٍش رخألكَحى ٓخٛلض حُوخ٣ُُٞٔالٓظيػخء ػزَ ٍٓخُش ح ASSIGNABLE, TRANSFERABLE AND CALLABLE
SWIFT MT103 WIRE TRANSFER IS VALID FOR SAME
٠ٍِ ػٜٞخ ُِلٜ٤ٌِٖٔ حالػظٔخى ػ٣ٝ ّن حالٓظال٣ٍ ٖٓ طخ،ّٞ٣ٝ ّػخ
DAY PAYMENT, THE DAY OF
ٍٝٞ٣ ٕٞ٤ِٓ هٔٔٔخثشٍٙهيٝ حٌُخَٓ رٔزِؾ١حالثظٔخٕ حُ٘وي RECEIPT, AND IS VALID FOR A TERM OF ONE YEAR
...................:ى حُٔؼخِٓشًٞ .)ٍٝٞ٣ 500.000.000.00( AND ONE DAY FROM TRANSMISSION
HEREOF AND CAN BE RELIED UPON FOR FULL
CASH CREDIT OF €500,000,000.00 (FIVE
HUNDRED MILLION EURO) TRANSACTION CODE:
...............................
ؼش ألٗظٔشٟ هخ٢ٓ ٢خرش ػٖ ر٘ي حطٖ حّ ر٤ُ٘ش رخ٣ٌ٤ أىحس ط٘ل٢ٛ ٌٙٛ THIS IS AN OPERATIVE INSTRUMENT FOR AND
٢كي ُِٔيحى كُٞٔ ح١ٍٕ حُظـخٞٗش ٖٓ حُوخ٤ُٝش حُي٤ُالص حُٔخ٣ٞحُظل BEHALF OF HSBC BANK PLC.,
ٖٓ ي٤ٍس ُِٔٔظلُٞ٘ٔ آيحء ح٠َؿ٣ .ش٤ش حُوخٍؿ٤َكُٜٔحُلٔخرخص ح SUBJECT TO THE INTERNATIONAL REMITTANCE
REGULATIONS OF THE UNIFORM
500.000.000.00( ٍٝٞ٣ ٕٞ٤ِٓ هٔٔٔخثشٍٙهيٝ حٍ رٔزِؾَٞٓ أ٣ٞطل COMMERCIAL CODE TO EXTERNAL BANK
.حُٔظخؿَسٝ حُظـخٍسَٝ) ُـٍٝٞ٣ ACCOUNT PAYMENT.
PLEASE ADVISE THE BENEFICIARY OF THE
TRANSFER FUNDS IN THE AMOUNT OF
EURO €500,000,000.00(FIVE HUNDRED MILLION
EURO) FOR COMMERCIAL AND
TRADING PURPOSES.
.ش٤ٍهٝ ظزغ ًُي ٗٔوش٣ ُٖٝ م حألىحسٞ ٓ٘طٞٛ ٌحٛ THIS IS AN OPERATIVE INSTRUMENT AND NO
HARD COPY WILL FOLLOW.
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"حٌٍّلك "أ ANNEXURE ―A‖
)حكيٚ ٖفَحى (حطـخ٤ش رخٛفض حٌوخ٠ٌٛٔي ِؼخٍِش ٍٓخٌش ح١طؤو AFFIRMATION OF MT103 ONE-WAY
TRANSACTION
2017 /--/-- :ن٠ٍ حٌظخDATE: ..................................., 2017
٠ِ ػ،ٕ ُ٘ي،٢ٓ ٢ حطٖ حّ ر: ٓويّ حُويٓشٟيحٍ ُيٛحكن ر٘ي حالٝ THE PROVIDER‘S ISSUING BANK: HSBC,
.٢حكي كوٝ ٙش رخألكَحى حطـخٛلض حُوخ٣ُٞٔ حٍٓخٍ ٍٓخُش حLONDON, HAS AGREED TO SEND THE SWIFT
MT103 ONE WAY MESSAGE ONLY.
.٢ رٙ كٔخد حالٓظالّ حُوخ٠ُ ا١َ ٗوي٣ٞيحٍ طلََٛٓ ر٘ي حال٣ ُٖ THE PROVIDER‘S ISSUING BANKWILL NOT
SENDING CASH TRANSFER OR FUNDS TO MY
RECEIVING ACCOUNT.
١َٝ٘ٔخٕ الثظٔخٕ ر٠ً ش رخألكَحىٛلض حُوخ٣ٞٓ طٔظويّ ًَٗظ٘خ ٍٓخُشTHE SWIFT MT103 ONE WAY SHALL BE USED
٢ ٓلٔ٘ش كوBY OUR COMPANY AS COLLATERAL FOR
CREDIT ENHANCEMENT ONLY.
لض٣ُٞٔ ػزَ ٍٓخُش حٍٝٞ٤ُ ٓلٔ٘ش رخ١َٝ٘ ٓؼخِٓش الثظٔخٕ ر٢ٛ ٌٙٛ THIS IS A EURO CASH CREDIT ENHANCEMENT
.ش رخألكَحىٛ حُوخSWIFT MT103 ONE WAY TRANSACTION.
ّ ٓوي١يحٍ ُيٛخالص ٓغ ر٘ي حالٜ حطٝخص طلون أ٤ِٔ ػ١٘خى أٛ ٌٕٞ٣ ُٖ THERE WILL BE NO OTHER VERIFICATIONS OR
. ٍ هالف ًُي رٌَ٘ ٓظزخى٠ِخ ػ٤ظلن هط٣ ُْ حُويٓش ٓخCOMMUNICATIONS WITH PROVIDER‘S
ISSUING BANK UNLESS OTHERWISE
MUTUALLY AGREED IN WRITING.
ش٤ُٝ ٓٔئ٠ِأٗخ أإًي ػٝ ٢ُ لش طٔخٓخ رخُ٘ٔزشٟحٝ حُٔؼخِٓشٌٙٛ طؼي I AM ABSOLUTELY AND COMPLETELY CLEAR
حٓظؼيحى٠ِ ػ٢٘ٗرؤٝ َ٣ِٝرش حُظٞؿذ ػوٞٔ ر٢ٗٞٗحالُظِحّ حُوخٝ حًَُ٘ش OF THIS TRANSACTION AND I CONFIRM WITH
ّ ر٘ي حالٓظالٟ ُي٢ٗخ كي حثظٔخٜ٣ ُي٢ ًٔخ أإًي رؤٕ ًَٗظ٢كخء رخُظِحٓخطُِٞ CORPORATE AND LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY
حٓظالّ ٍٓخُش٠ِحُويٍس ػٝ زش حالٓظؼيحىٛ أ٠ِ ػٞٛ ١ٌُحٝ ٢ رٙحُوخ UNDER PENALTY OF PERJURY THAT I AM
READY TO FULFILL MY OBIGATION AND
.ش رخألكَحىٛلض حُوخ٣ُٞٔ حُٔيحى ػزَ ٍٓخُش ح.ش رخألكَحىٛلض حُوخ٣ُٞٔح
FURTHER CONFIRM THAT MY COMPANY HAS
A CREDIT LINE WITH MY RECEIVING BANK
WHICH IS READY WILLING AND ABLE TO
RECEIVE THE SWIFT MT103. PAYMENT SHALL
BE MADE VIA SWIFT MT103.
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:ٍُخرش ػٓ حٌّٔظ١ٌٕرخٚ خٌقٌٜ غ١لٛ حٌظSIGNED FOR AND ON BEHALF OF RECEIVER:
---------------------------
:ْٓ حالNAME:
:ذُٜ٘ٔ حTITLE:
ػٖ حُويٓخصٞ٣ٞ طؼ٢ٛ ٍسًٌُُٞٔش حّٞٔ حُؼٍٞٓ ٕ أ٠ِظلن حُطَكخٕ ػ٣ The parties agree that the commission fees stated are
ِْ ٖٓ حُٔٔظ١َٗ ٝي أ٤ٕ هٝىٝ ٢خثٜٗ ٌَ٘ٗش حُٔيحى رٞٔ٠ٓ خٜٗأٝ حُٔويٓش compensation for services rendered and are irrevocably
حُشٞحٓطش كٌٞح رٛ ٕخ٣َُٔن ح٣ٍ طخ٢ٖ ك٤ٓطخء حُٔيٍؿُٞحٝ ًالءُٞ ح٠ُا and unconditionally guaranteed to be paid by the
ٔش٤ ٖٓ حُو%2+%18 ٠َُ اٜ٣ حكي ٓغ ٓيحى حُٔٔظِْ ٓخٝ هضٝ ٢ش ك٤رَه RECEIVER to the agents and intermediaries listed in
this DOA by wire transfer simultaneously with the
ًَ ٖ ٓويّ حُويٓش ػ٠ُش رخألكَحى اٛلض حُوخ٣ُٞٔش ٖٓ ٍٓخُش ح٤ٔٓحال
RECEIVER payment UP TO 18%+2% of the face
فٞٓ .حكيٝ ٙش رخألكَحى حطـخٛلض حُوخ٣ُٞٔ ٓؼخِٓش َُٓخُش حٝأ/ٝ لش٣َٗ value of the MT103 ONE WAY to the PROVIDER for
١ش ٖٓ أ٤ُهخٝ ش٤ٗٞٗحثن حُوخٞش ٖٓ حُؼ٤ُُش هخّٞٔ حُؼٍٞٓ ٌٕٞط every tranche and/or transaction of the MT103 ONE
غ حُٔؼخٓالص٤ٔؿٝ ٌُٜٙ ،٢َكَُٜٔ ح٣ّٞ حُظلٍٞٓ رخٓظؼ٘خء،ٓخصٜٞه WAY. The commission fees will be free of legal
.ٖ٤ٖ حُطَك٤حُالكوش ر impediment and free of any deductions, excluding bank
transfer fees, for this and all subsequent transactions
between the parties.
ٖ٤ حألكَحى حُٔ٘ظٔزٝخ حًَُ٘خء أٜ٤٘ـ٣ ٌٕٖٔ أ٣ ٢ٓوخرَ حُٔ٘خكغ حُٔظزخىُش حُظ In consideration of the mutual benefits to be derived by
،ش٤ُٛٞ ح١ٌ ٓ٘لٝخء أ٤ٛٝ حألٖٝ أ٤٘٤ حُٔؼٝطش أ٤ُٓٞح/ِش٤ًُٞ حًَُ٘خص حٝأ the associates or affiliated individuals, agents/brokers
ٌ٤ ط٘ل٢َؿزخٕ ك٣ ش٤ حالطلخهٌٙٛ ٢َحف ك١ إٔ حألٚ٤ِحُٔظلن ػٝ ّٜٖٞٓ حُٔل companies, designees, trustees or executors, it is
ٖٓ أؿَ حُٔ٘لؼشْٞ حُزؼٜ٠ٕ ٓغ رؼٝش رخُظؼخ٣ٍ حُٔؼخِٓش حُظـخٌٙٛ understood and agreed that the parties hereto are
mutually desirous of effecting this business transaction
١َُٝ٘ حالُظِحّ رخ٠ِهؼش ػَُٞٔحف ح١غ حال٤ٔحكن ؿٞطٝ ،حُٔظزخىُش
in co-operation with one another for their mutual
:ش٤ُحالكٌخّ حُظخٝ benefit and all signatory parties agree to abide by the
following terms and conditions:
ٍخٜ حط١ّ رؤٞو٣ ُٖ ٚٗ أ٠َِف ػ١ ًَ حكنٞ٣ -1 1. Each party agrees that they will not make any
contact with, deal with or be involved with individuals,
ٍ طـخٝ ٓ٘خًٍش ٓغ حكَحى أٝ طؼخَٓ ٓغ أٝ أ،ٓغ trader and investor introduced by another signatory
َه٥هغ حُٖٞٔ ٖٓ حُطَف ح٣ٖ ٓؼظٔي٣َٔ ٓٔظؼٝأ without specific permission of the introduced signatory
for the Investor.
هغُٞٔق ٓليى ٖٓ ح٣َٜ ط٠ٍِ ػٜٕٞ حُلٝى
.َٔحُٔؼظٔي ُِٔٔظؼ
62
ش٣ٞٛ ش٣َٓ ٠ِ حُللخظ ػ٠ِهغ ػُٞٔحكن حٞ٣ -2 2. The signatory agrees to keep confidential the
identity of and all contacts so provided by any other
ٖٓ ١خ أٛؼظٔي٣ ٢خٍ حُظٜخص حالطٜغ ؿ٤ٔؿٝ signatories.
.ٖ٣َه٥ٖ ح٤هؼُٞٔح
غ٤ٔ ٓيحى ؿ٠ِش ػ٤ حالطلخهٌٙٛ ٢َحف ك١حكن حالٞ ط-3 3. The parties hereto agree that all commissions
or fees as agreed by the parties shall be paid in full at
ّ رخٌُخَٓ كٔذ حالطلخمَُٞٓ حٝالص أٞٔحُؼ the end of every transaction.
.ش ًَ ٓؼخِٓش٣خٜٗ ٢َحف ك١ٖ حال٤حُٔزَّ ر
ٌٙٛ َحف١خ أل٤ٗٞٗش ِِٓٓش هخ٤ حالطلخهٌٙٛ ٕ ا-4 4. This agreement shall be legally binding on the parties
hereto, their principals, employees, representatives,
ْٜ٤ِٓٔؼٝ ْٜ٤ظلٞٓٝ ْٜ٤ُٝٓٔئٝ ش٤حالطلخه agents and assigns in all countries of the world.
.ُْغ رِيحٕ حُؼخ٤ٔ ؿ٢ْ كُٜ ٍُحُٔظ٘خٝ ًْٜالثٝٝ
َ٤٣ ٓؼخ٠َِف رؤػْٜ رخُظٜٓ حُظِح٠َِحف ػ١طئًي حال The parties hereto affirm that in every case they will act
with the highest standards of ethics and honesty in all
.ْٜغ ٓؼخٓالط٤ٔ ؿ٢ش كٛحُِ٘حٝ حالهالم their dealings.
غ٤ٔ ؿ٢ش ٓلَ حالكظَحّ ك٤ حالطلخهٌٙٛ ٌٕٞـذ إٔ ط٣ This agreement shall be respected and honored at all
times, unless otherwise mutually agreed upon and any
ٍ ٓظزخىٞ ٗل٠ِ هالف ًُي ػ٠ِظلن ػ٣ ُْ ٓخ،هخصٝحال party will permit no attempt or hint of circumvention.
.خٜ٤ُِش ُالُظلخف ػٝ ٓلخ١َف رؤ١ ١ٔٔق أ٣ ُٖٝ
ٍ حػظزخ٠ِ ػٍٙس حػالًٌَُٞٔحف ح١َف ٖٓ حال١ ًَ ظلن٣ Each of the above parties agree and understand that any
overt or covert action of circumvention prescribed by
ٌٙٛ ٢ كٚ٤ِ ػٜٙٞ٘ٓ َ٣ ُِظلخ٢ هلٝق أ٣َٛ اؿَحء١أ this agreement shall be a fraudulent act against the
َه٥ي حُطَف حٟ خ٤ُخ٤ش رٔؼخرش ػٔال حكظ٤حالطلخه other party and will be subject to judicial action,
recompense for damages, possible punitive damages
ٍَحٟ ػٖ حالٞ٣ٞطؼٝ ش٤خث٠غ إلؿَحءحص ه٠و٤ٓٝ and injunctive relief imposed by the legal process.
َٟٚل٣ ٢خث٠أَٓ هٝ ش حُٔلظِٔش٤خص حُؼوخر٠٣ٞحُظؼٝ
.٢ٗٞٗاؿَحء هخ
ٓطخءُٞحٝ ًالءُٕٞ حٌٞ إٔ ط٠ِ ػٚؿزَٞٔحف ر١حكن حالٞط Both parties hereby agree that the agents and
intermediaries referred to in this DOA shall be as
:٢ُ حُظخٞ حُ٘ل٠ِ حُيحثَس ػٌٙٛ ٢ْ كٜ٤ُحُٔ٘خٍ ا follows:
ّش١ (هّٔش رخٌّخثش) ِٓ حٌم%2 ٌشَّٛ حٌؼٍٛٓ ٌٟ اؿّخTOTAL COMMISSION FEE OF 2% (FIVE
ٍٝخ ػّٙ١ٔ طمَٞـ٠ٚ ٍُٔيى٘خ حٌّٔظ٠ ٍٚٛ١ٌش رخ١ّٓ٨ حPERCENT) OF FACE VALUE IN EURO
:ٌٟ حٌظخٛ حٌٕلPAID BY THE RECEIVER TO BE
SHARED AS FOLLOW:
هّٔش ِٓ ػَ٘س رخٌّخثشٚ ٓ١ٌٕش حػّٛ حٌؼٌٟ اؿّخTOTAL COMMISSION TWO POINT
: حٌطَف ِميَ حٌويِشٌٝ] ا%.....[ FIVE PERCENT [......%] TO PROVIDER
SIDE:
63
: ٍهْ حُلٔخد Via Manzoni 4,
6900 Lugano,
ّظي١ٌ ٟظ١ٓ ْٛ١ٍ١ ر-661835 : حْٓ حُلٔخد Switzerland
Account Number
CIMMCHGG : لض٣ٞٓ Account Name 661835 – BILLION CITY
ٖي٠ظُ طلي٠ : ٍ حُز٘يٝٓٔئ LIMITED
Swift CIMMCHGG
+41919618600 : ٍٝخطق ٓٔئٛ Bank Officer TBA
حُز٘ي Bank Officer
: +41 91 961 86 00
ي٣َحُز Telephone
٢َٗٝحالٌُظ Bank Officer
Email
ٍ حُز٘يُٝٔٔئ Beneficiary:
: ي٤حُٔٔظل Special
Instructions:
: شٛٔخص هخ٤ِطؼ Required ALL TRANSFER
Message: INSTRUCTIONS SHALL
"ً٠ّٛخص حٌظل١ٍغ طؼ١ّ ؿٕٚط : :رشٍِٞٓخُش ٓط STATE: ―FUNDS ARE
CLEAN AND CLEAR, OF
لشٟحٚٚ فش١حي ٔظِٛ٤"ح NON-CRIMINAL
َِٟ حؿَح١يٍ غِٜ ًحصٚ ORIGIN, AND ARE
ٍٝخ ِٔظلمش حٌٔيحى ٔميح ػٙٔأٚ IMMEDIATELY
PAYABLE IN CASH‖
"ٍٛحٌف
هّٔش ِٓ ػَ٘س رخٌّخثشٚ ٓ١ٌٕش حػّٛ حٌؼٌٟ اؿّخTOTAL COMMISSION OF TWO POINT
فٛ ِفظ:ٍُػش حٌـخٔذ ٌٍّٔظّٛ ِـٌٝ] ا%.....[ FIVE PERCENT [......%] TO
RECEIVER'S SIDE GROUP A:OPEN
ْٛٔ ؿخوٟ ر.ٞ آ.ّ اٞي ِخؿي١ِف : ْٓحال Name Mufid Majdi S.I.P Jackson
ِ١ِٓٛ Moses n Receiver side
: Swift
حْٓ حُلٔخد Bank Officer
: لض٣ٞٓ Bank Officer
Telephone
: ٍ حُز٘يٝٓٔئ Bank Officer Email
Beneficiary:
: ٍ حُز٘يٝخطق ٓٔئٛ Special Instructions:
Required Message: ALL TRANSFER
INSTRUCTIONS SHALL
STATE: ―FUNDS ARE
CLEAN AND CLEAR, OF
NON-CRIMINAL ORIGIN,
AND ARE IMMEDIATELY
PAYABLE IN CASH‖
64
: ٢َٗٝي حالٌُظ٣َحُز
ٍ حُز٘يُٝٔٔئ
: ي٤حُٔٔظل
: شٛٔخص هخ٤ِطؼ
فش١حي ٔظِٛ٤ً" "ح٠ّٛخص حٌظل١ٍغ طؼ١ّ ؿٕٚط : :رشٍِٞٓخُش ٓط
خٙٔأٚ َِٟ حؿَح١يٍ غِٜ ًحصٚ لشٟحٚٚ
"ٍٛ حٌفٍِٝٔظلمش حٌٔيحى ٔميح ػ
--------------------------:حٓطشٞر By:
_______________________________________
:ْٓحال Name:
:ذُٜ٘ٔح Title:
َحُ حُٔلٍٞهْ ؿ Passport #:
:ٍيحٛن حال٣ٍطخ Issue date:
ٔخ٤ٗخكٌس كٝ ش٣ٍ) ٓخEDT( ش٤َٗٝػخثن حالٌُظُٞخص آٍخٍ ح٤ِٔ طؼظزَ ػEDT (ELECTRONIC DOCUMENT
:ش٤ حالطلخهٌٙٛ ٌٕٞ ط،خء٠ كٔذ حالهظ.ٌح حُؼويٛ ّ ٖٓ حكٌخ١ظؼِن رؤ٣ TRANSMISSIONS) SHALL BE DEEMED VALID
AND ENFORCEABLE IN RESPECT OF ANY
PROVISIONS OF THIS CONTRACT. AS
APPLICABLE, THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE:
ٍٗٔظَحٕٝ حألٞٗظطخرن ٓغ هخ٣ َٕ آهٞٗ هخ١ أٝكي" أٞٓ ١ٍٕ طـخٞٗ“ "هخNATIONAL COMMERCE ACT’’ OR SUCH
65
،)2001( ش٤َٗٝؼخص حإلٌُظ٤هٞ ر٘ؤٕ حُظ٢ُٝ حُي١ٍْ حُظـخ٤ٌ ُِظل٢ًؿُٞٔ٘ح OTHER APPLICABLE LAW CONFORMING TO
ٞ٣ ٓخ،ق٤٘ ؿ،ECE/TRADE/257( ش٤َٗٝش حُظـخٍس حالٌُظ٤حطلخهٝ THE UNCITRAL MODEL LAW ON
ٍحالػٔخٝ ١ٍَ حُظـخ٤ٜٔخ ًَِٓ حألْٓ حُٔظليس ُِظَٛ أه٢) حُظ2000 ELECTRONIC SIGNATURES (2001),
٠ُش ا٤َٗٝػخثن حالٌُظُٞغ حٍٓخٍ ح٠و٣ .)UN/CEFACT( ش٤َٗٝحالٌُظ ELECTRONIC COMMERCE AGREEMENT
.خء٠ كٔذ حالهظ،EEC/46/95 ْش ٍه٤رٍٝٝػش حألٞٔخص حُٔـٜ٤ؿٞط (ECE/TRADE/257, GENEVA, MAY 2000)
حٓطشٞوش َِٓٓش ر٤ػٝ ١ش ٖٓ أ٤ٍهٝ طِذ ٗٔوش٣ َٕف أ١ ١ُ ألٞـ٣ ADOPTED BY THE UNITED NATIONS CENTRE
٠َُ ا٤ٌح حُوزٛ ٖٓ ِذ١ ١ أ١ئى٣ طش أال٣َٗ ٌُٖ ،ش٤َٗٝٓخثَ حالٌُظُٞح FOR TRADE FACILITATION AND
ٍحص آٍخٝؿذ أىْٞٔ رٜحؿزخطٝٝ ْٜ أىحء حُظِحٓخط٢َحف ك١َ حأل٤طؤه ELECTRONIC BUSINESS (UN/CEFACT). EDT
.ش٤َٗٝػخثن حالٌُظُٞح DOCUMENTS SHALL BE SUBJECT TO
EUROPEAN COMMUNITY DIRECTIVE NO:
95/46/EECAS APPLICABLE. EITHER PARTY
MAY REQUEST HARD COPY OF ANY
DOCUMENT THAT HAS BEEN PREVIOUSLY
TRANSMITTED BY ELECTRONIC MEANS
PROVIDED HOWEVER, THAT ANY SUCH
REQUEST SHALL IN NO MANNER DELAY THE
PARTIES FROM PERFORMING THEIR
RESPECTIVE OBLIGATIONS AND DUTIES
UNDER EDT INSTRUMENTS.
66
ٍٍٓٔش ىٍِ ّٚـــف١يس ف ٟأٓخٓ١خص حٌظَؿّش
حٌيٍّ حٚ٨ي
ِميِش ػٓ حٌظَؿّٗ
لزً أْ طزيأ طظَؿُ ،حػٍُ حه ٟحْ حٌّظَؿُ ٌٓ ٠ـي حٌؼٕخء ٌظَؿّظٗ ٌؼيَ ٚػ١خحٌٕخّ رّخ ٕٜ٠ؼٗ ًٌه حٌّظَؿُ ِٓ
رلغ ف ٟحٌّؼخؿُ ٚحٌمٛحِٚ ْ١ؿٙي ٚطؼذ ٠٦ـخى حٌّؼٕ ٝحٌّٕخٓذ ،فٌٍ ْ١ه ا ٨أْ ططٍذ ح٤ؿَ ِٓ هللا ػِ ٚؿً
فم ٨ٚ،٢طظٕظظَ ػٕخءح ً ِٓ أكي ا٩١لخ ً.
ِخ ٘ٛ ٟفخص حٌّظَؿُ ؟حٔظَ أٌ ٝفٔه ٚحٓؤٌٙخ أٓ٤جٍش حٌظخٌ١ش:
ً٘ أٔخ ٍُِ رـّ١غ لٛحػي حٌٍغظ ٓ١حٌظ ٟأٔمً ِٕٙخ ٚاٌٙ١خ؟ً٘ أٔخ ِطٍغ ػٍ ٝح٨هزخٍ ٚحٌؼمخفش ٚأٔخ ِٓ حٌمَحء
حٌٕٓ١١ّٙ؟ً٘ أٔخ ػخٌُ رؼمخفش حٌ٘ؼٛد ح٤هَ ٜحٌظٓ ٟؤطَؿُ اٌٙ١خ؟ػ٩ػش أٓؤٌش اْ وخٔض حؿٛرظه ػٍٙ١خ رٕؼُ ،
فٔٛف طىِ ْٛظَؿّخ ً ِزيػخ ً.
ح َِ٤حٌؼخٔ:ٟ
ِخًح ٠ـذ أْ طؼَفٗ ػٓ حٌٕٚ؟
أ:ً٨ٚ
ػٍ١ه ػٕيِخ طَغذ ف ٟطَؿّش ِٔ ٚخ ٓٛحءح ً وخْ ػَر١خ أَ حٔـٍ٠ِ١خ أْ طفىَ ٚطلًٍ
ِخ ٘ٛٔ ٛع حٌٕ ٚحٌٌ ٞطَ٠ي طَؿّظٗ ؟؟
(أ٘ ٚٔ ٛى١ٓ\ٟٕ٠خٓ\ٟحؿظّخػ\ٟحلظٜخى\ٞأىر ٟاٌ ٝأهَٖ )
ِ ْ٤ؼَفش ٔٛع حٌٕ٠ ٚئى ٞاٌ ٝحٌظِحَ حٌّظَؿُ رزؼ ٞحٌمٛ١ى،
فّؼ: ً٩
ٌ ٛوخْ حٌٕ ٚحٌٌ ٞطٕ ٞٛطَؿّظٗ ٜٔي ،ٟٕ٠فٔٛف ٠ظٛلغ ِٓ حٌّظَؿُ أْ ٠ظم١ي رزؼ ٞحٌىٍّخص حٌي١ٕ٠ش
حٌّٕخٓزشٌٍّٛلف ٘ٚىٌح.
ػخٔ١خ:
ألَأ حٌٕ ٚوخِٚ ً٩حٔظَ ِخًح ٠َ٠ي حٌّئٌف حٍٓخٌٗ ِٓ ِؼٕٝ؟ ٌى ٟطم َٛأٔض وّظَؿُ رظمّٗ ٚو١ٜش ٚطٕمً
أكخِٓ٘ٚ ٗٔ١خػَٖ ٠ ٛ٘ٚىظذ ِمخٌظٗ
فّؼ:ً٩
ٌٚ ٛؿيص ٌ٘ح حٌٕ ٚرخٌٍغش حٔ٦ـٍ٠ِ١ش ٚطَ٠ي طَؿّظٗ رخٌٍغش حٌؼَر١ش:
John is constantly throwing his books on my bed
لي ٠ظَؿُ حٌّظَؿُ ٌٖ٘ حٌـٍّش َِٟ٠ :ؿ ْٛوظزٗ رظىَحٍ ػٍٕ٘ --------َٞ٠َٓ ٝخ أهطؤ حٌّظَؿُ هطؤ فخىكخ ً---
-----
ٕ٠ ٌُ ٗٔ٤مً ِ٘خػَ حٌىخطذ ح ،ٌٍٕٚ ٍٟٛ٤ك١ؼؤْ حٌىخطذ ًوَconstantlyف ٟؿٍّظٗ ِغ ِ٠خٍع ِٔظَّ،
ٚحٌظ ٟطؼٕ ٟأٔٗ ف١لخٌش غ٠ذ وزَ١س ؿيح ً.
---------فظى ْٛحٌظَؿّش حٌٜل١لش :-------------
ٌّخ َِٟ٠ؿ ْٛوظزٗ ىحثّخ ػٍٕ٘.َٞ٠َٓ ٝخ ٔمً حٌّظَؿُ أكخٓ ْ١حٌىخطذ ح ، ٍٟٛ٤كظ٠ ٝظزٌٍ ٓ١مخٍٞء حٌؼَرٟ
أْ حٌّظليع حٔ٦ـٍ ِٞ١غخٟذ،
فظَٚف وـalways, forever, constantlyاْ أطض ِغ ِ٠خٍع ِٔظَّ ف ٟٙطيي ػٍ ٝأْ حٌىخطذ غ٠زخ ً.
67
ح َِ٤حٌؼخٌغ:
ٌ ْ١ػٍ ٝحٌّظَؿُ أْ ٠ل َٖٜحٌٕ ٚػٍِ ٝخ ٠َ٠ي ،ػٍ ٗ١أْ ٕ٠مٌّ٩ؼٕ ٝفم ٨ ٢ألً ٨ٚأوؼَ ،اْ أٍىص أْ طظَؿُ
،فظَؿُ حٌّؼٕٔ٠ ٌٓٚ ٝظط١غ أكي حْ ٕ٠ظمين .فٍٍ ٛأ٠ظُ و١ف طَؿّض "ٌّخ َِٟ٠ؿ ْٛوظزٗ ىحثّخ ػٍ"َٞ٠َٓ ٝ
ٚو١ف أٟٔٚ ٟؼض ٌٙخ وٍّش حٓظفٙخَ ِغ أْ حٌـٍّش ح ٨ ًٛ٤طل ٞٛػٍ ٝػِ٩شحٓظفٙخٌَٚ ،ىٓ فم٤ ٢ل َٛرٕمً
حٌّؼٕ ٝػٍٚ ٝؿٗ حٌٜل١ق ِظمّٜخ ِ٘خػَ حٌىخطذ.
ح َِ٤حٌَحرغ:
اْ لّض رظَؿّش حٌٕ ،ٚفؼٍ١ه أْ طمَأ طَؿّظه ٚحٓؤي ٔفٔه حٓ٤جٍش حٌظخٌ١ش:
ً٘ حٌّؼٕٚ ٝحٟق ٠َٛٚق؟ً٘ ِ٘خػَ حٌىخطذ حٚ ٍٟٛ٤حٟلٗ ٚرٕٗ١؟ً٘ حٌمخٍٞء حٌؼَر َٜ٠ ٟحٌٕٚ ٚوؤٔٗ
غِ َ١ظَؿُ؟ (حكٌٍ أه ٟاْ ٍأ ٜحٌمخٍٞءحٌؼَرٜٔ ٟه حٌّظَؿُ ٚأكْ أٔٗ ِظَؿُ ٌ ْ١ػَر١خ ً ح ،ًًٛ٤فِّق
ٍٚلظهٚ .لّزبػخىطٙخ رٕٔك ٔ٠ ٨ظط١غ حٌمخٍٞء حٌؼَر ٟأْ ٚٔ ٛ٘ ً٘ ِ١ّ٠ػَر ٟأَ أؿٕزٓٚ،ٟظىٔ ْٛخؿلخ ً)
ح َِ٤حٌوخِْ:
ً٘ ٌي٠ه لخِ ّٛف ٟػيس ِـخ٨صِ :ؼً لخٌٍِّٜ ّٛطٍلخص ح٤لظٜخى٠ش١ٌٍٔٚ ،خٓ١ش ٚحٌ٥ىر١ش ٌٍٚؼخِ١ش
ٌٚغَ٘١خٌ٘ٚ .ح لي ٍَِ٠ ٨ػٍ ٝحٌّظَؿُ ك١غ ٓظٛفَ ٌٗ حٌ٘زىش حٌؼٕىزٛط ٗ١حٌَّحىف حٌّٕخٓذ ر ٩طؼذ.
حٌيٍّ حٌؼخٟٔ
٠ؼَف ِٔٛ١خٍن حٌظَؿّش رؤٔٙخ "ِلخٌٚش اك٩ي ٍٓخٌش ِىظٛرش رٍغش ٨طف ُٙآٌٍ ٝخٌش طف ُٙرٍغش أهَ"ٜ
ٌى ٟطزيأ طَؿّظه ػٍ١ه أْ طؼ ٟأٔٗ ٓ١ى ْٛر٠ ٓ١ي٠ه ٔ: ٓ١ٜ
حٌٕ ٚحٚ٤ي ٛ٘ٚ :حٌٕ ٚحsource textًٛ٤
حٌٕ ٚحٌؼخٔ ٛ٘ٚ :ٟحٌٕ ٚحٌّظَؿُTarget text
ف ٟحٌزيح٠ش:
ػٍ١ه أه ٟحٌّظَؿُ أْ طٕظَ اٌ ٝحٌٕ ٚحٌٌ ٞر٠ ٓ١ي٠ه ػُ ل ُُ رمَحءطٗ ٌٍَّس حًٌٚ ٌٝٚ٤ه ٌى ٟطؼ ٟحٌفىَس حٌؼخِش
ٌٍِٕ ٟ٘ ً٘ ،ٚئ٠يس ٌفىَسِخ أَ ِؼخٍٟش ٘ٚىٌح....
ح َِ٤حٌؼخٔ: ٟ
ػٍ١ه أ٠٠خ ً أْ طمَأ حٌٕ ِٓ ٚؿي٠ي لَحءس حٍٓٛد ٚحكٔخِّ ،خ ِ٘ٛ ٛلف حٌىخطذ ٚحكخٓ ٗٔ١ك ٓ١وخْ ٠ىظذ
ٌ٘ح حٌٕ.ٚ
ح َِ٤حٌؼخٌغ :
٘ ٟلَحءس حٌّٜطٍلخص حٌّٟٛٛػش ٚحٌٕظَ اٌَِ ٝحىفخطٙخ رخٌٍغشح٦هٌَ ٜظىِ ٚٔ" ْٛظَؿُ" فّؼ ً٩ؿٍّش
ِىظٛرش رخٌٍغش حٔ٦ـٍ٠ِ١ش
I thought he would investigate the matter himself
فبْ ف ٌٖ٘ ٟحٌـٍّش ٓ١ؼٍُ حٌّظَؿُ أٗ فم ٢ف ٟكخؿش ٌّؼَفش حٌّٜطٍلخص حٌظ١مي طغ١ذ ػٓ ًٕ٘ٗ،
ِؼً ِٚ investigate :ؼً ٚ the matterلي ٠ظـخً٘ ٌ himself ٚ thoughtفٌٙ ّٗٙخ فٔ١ـي أْ طَؿّظٗ
حٌزخٍػٗ ٘١ؤػظميص رؤٔٗ ٓ١ظلمك ِٓ ح َِ٤رٕفٔٗ.
ٍحرغ ح:َِ٤
حػٍُ أه ٟأْ حٌظَؿّش ِٓ أٛؼذ حٌّٙخَ ،فٍٚ ٛؿيص ؿٍّش ِؼ ً٩أ٠ ً٠ٛ١ ٚٔٚلظ ٞٛػٍ ٝوٍّخص وؼَ١س لي ٨
طـي َِحىفخطٙخ ٓظمف ػٕي٘خ ر٩ٓ ٩فٌٚ،ىٓ ٌ ٛوخْ ٌي٠ه لخِ ّٛػٕخث ٟحٌٍغش ٌىخْ ٓ ًٙػٍ١ه حٌّّٙش ٌٚىٓ
ًٌٌ ْ١ه حٌظٔ ً١ٙفيػٕ ٟأٟٚق ٌه ٌ٘ح ح َِ٤فٌ٘ ٟح حٌّؼخي:
68
:ٌٟ حٌظخٌٕٚش ح٠ِ١ٍٔـ٦ حٌٍغش حٟخىفض فٛ ٌٛ
The teacher asked the student to draw a (right) angle, but insisted that the
student draw it withhis (right) hand while the student was left-handed. Of course
he didn't draw it (right) and the teacher gave him low marks. (Right away) the
student went to the headmaster and complained that it was his (right) to draw
with whichever hand he like. The headmaster who was an upright man agreed
that he was (right) and that the teacher didn't treat him (right) and ordered the
teacher to (right) the student's marks.
ٕٝخ ِؼٌٙ فىَس وً وٍّشٍٝػٚ , ً زخ٠َخ طىٍَص ػّخْ َِحص طمٙٔ ا،right وُ طىٍَص وٍّش،ٌٕٚ ٌ٘ح حٟأظَ ف
ّْٛ ٓظىِٛ حٌمخٟفrightٟٔخق حٌـٍّش فّؼخ١ٓ كٔذٍٝخ ػّٙظَؿ٠ َٟ حٌّظَؿُ ٌىٜل١ ف،َه٢ي ػٓ ح١رؼ
ْٛى١ٓٚ ٘ىٌحٚ . ككٍٝ ػ،لقٜ٠ ، رّؼخٍِش ػخىٌش، كك،ٍٛ حٌفٍٝ ػ،ي١ ر٘ىً ؿ،ٓ١ّ٠ ، لخثّش:ً٩ِؼ
:ٍٟ٠ حٌٔخرك ًوَٖ وّخٌٕٚطَؿّشح
ِٓ ُ حٌَغٍٝ) ػّٕٝ١ٌيٖ (ح١خرَّٙٓ٠ ْ حٌطخٌذ أٍَٝ ػٌٛىٕٗ حٚ ،)ش (لخثّش٠َُٚٓ ُح٠ ْٓؤي حٌّؼٍُ حٌطخٌذ أ
)ٍٛ حٌفٍٝػٚ( .ش٠ي) فؤػطخٖ حٌّؼٍُ ىٍؿش ِٕوف١خ (ر٘ىً ؿَّٙٓغ حٌطخٌز١ٔظط٠ ٌُ ،رخٌطزغٚ .َٔأْ حٌطخٌذ أػ
أْ حٌطخٌذًٍٝ ػ٨ وخٔؼخىٌٌَٞ ح٠حفك حٌّيٛ ف.ي ٗخء٠ َُٞٓ رؤ٠ ْ رؤْ (ِٓ كمٗ) أٟ٘ظى١ٌ َ٠ً٘ذ حٌطخٌذ اٌىخٌّي
. لق) ىٍؿخص حٌطخٌذٜ٠( ْؼخٍِٗ (رّؼخٍِش ػخىٌش) فؤَِحٌّؼٍُ أ٠ ٌُ ٍُأْ حٌّؼٚ ) ككٍٝ(ػ
. ٘يف٩ حٌّظَحوّش رٟٔ حٌّؼخٍٝ ػ٨ خق١ٌٔ حٍٝف أْ حٌظَؿّش طؼظّي ػ١ وْٟ أه٢ً٘ ػٍّض ح
:َِ٤هخِْ ح
ِٓ ً١ٍ(حٌمٚ ٓ١ حٌٍغظ٩ وُٟ فٙ رؤّٓخثٟه أٔظؼ١ٍػٍّخء ٌٌح ػٚ َ١ّ٘ أّٓخء ِ٘خِٛ لخٞ أٟخٔخ ٌٓ طـي ف١أك
: ًٌهٍٝق ًٌه) ِؼخي ػٟٛحٌّؼخؿُ ط
ً١ لخرٟٕؼ٠ ٌٌٞحCain
ىٚٚ ىحٟٕؼ٠ ٌٌٞحDavid
حءٛ كٟٕ طؼٟحٌظEve
.َ٩ٌُٔ حٙ١ٍٓف ػٛ٠ ٟٕؼ٠ ٌٌٞحJoseph
نٍِٛٚ رً حّٓخء ػٍّخء،خء١ٔز٤ أّٓخء ح٢ْ فم١ٌٚ
حرٓ ٍٗيٟٕؼ٠Averroes
ٕخ١ٓ ٓ حرٟٕؼ٠Avicenna
ٚ ُؼ١ٌٙ حرٓ حٟٕػAlhazen
ٚ َٜ١لCaesar
َٜٔ ٌهٛ ٔزٛ٘ ٌٌٞحNebuchadnezzar
يٚحّٓخء حٌيٚ
ْٛ١ٓحٌؼزخAbbasides:
ْٛ١ّ١حٌفخOmmidads
ْٛ١ٔحٌؼؼّخOttomans
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ٚحّٓخء حٌفٓ٩فش
:
Aristotleحٍٓطٛ
ٓSocratesمَح١
Pythagorasف١ؼخغٍٛع
حّٓخء ىٚي ٨طؼٍُ ٌّخ ط٘ َ١اٌِ ٗ١ؼً:
Casa Blancaحٌيحٍ حٌز٠١خء
َٙٔTigrisحٌفَحص
Jericho ٚحٌظ ٟطؼٕ ٟأٍ٠لخ
Hebronحٌظ ٟطؼٕ ٟحٌوًٍ١
Acre ٚرّؼٕ ٝػىخ
ٚحٌىؼ َ١حٌٌٔ٠ ٨ ٞؼٕ ٟأْ أًوَ٘خ ٕ٘خ ٓخىّ ح:َِ٤
أك١خٔخ طـي ٛؼٛرش ف ٟطَؿّش ح٤لٛحي رخٌٍغش حٔ٦ـٍ٠ِ١ش ،ف١ؤط ٟلٛي رخٌٍغش حٔ٦ـٍ٠ِ١ش ٠مٛي
ٚDiamond cut diamondحٌٌ٠ ٞؼٕٟ
"حٌّ٤خّ ٠مطغ حٌّ٤خّ"
فٍ ٛطَوظٙخ ٘ىٌحٌّخ ف ُٙحٌمخٍٞء حٌؼَرِ ٟخ طمٜي ٌٚىٓ ح٤ف ً٠أْ طؤط ٟرخٌّؼً حٌَّحىف ف ٟحٌٍغش حٌؼَر١ش ٚحٌٌٞ
٠لًّ ِؼخٔ ٟحٌّؼً حٔ٦ـٍ ِٞ١ف١ى ْٛحٌّٕخٓذ ٘ٛ
"٠ ٨فً حٌلي٠ي ا ٨حٌلي٠ي "
ٓخرغ ح:َِ٤
٠خ أه ٟحٌّظؼٍُ٠ ٨ ،ظؼذ حٌّظَؿُ ا ٨حٌّٜطٍلخص idiomsك١غ ٘ ٟوٍّخص وؼَ١س ٌٙٚخ ِؼٕٚ ٝك١ي فًٍ ٛوَ فٟ
حٌٍظَؿّش ٌٖ٘ حٌـٍّش
It is raining cats and dogs
فٔ١م َٛحٌّظَؿُ حٌٟٔء رظَؿّظٙخ "طّطَ حٌّٔخء لططخ ً ٚو٩رخً" ٌٚىٓ حٌّؼٕ ٝأوزَ ِٓ ٌ٘ح ٠خ ِظَؿّفخٌّؼٕٝ
حٌَّحى ِٓ ٍٚحء ٌ٘ح أْ حٌّٔخء طّطَ رغِحٍس فظى ْٛحٌظَؿّش حٌّٕخٓزش ٟ٘
"طّطَ حٌّٔخء رغِحٍس"
ِؼخي أهَ:
لي ٠ـي حٌّظَؿُ ٠ٚ He is cool as cucumberم َٛرظَؿّظٙخ
"أٗ ٘خىٞء وخٌو١خٍ" ٕ٘ٚخ أهطؤ هطؤ فخىكخ ً اً حْ حٌّؼٕ ٝأٔٗ ٘خىٞء طّخِخ ً فظىٔٛخٌظَؿّشأٗ ٘خىٞء طّخِخً٨ٚ
طٕٔٛح أْ حٌّمٜٛى ٕ٘خ حٌّؼَِٕ ْ١ٌٚ ٝحىفخص حٌىٍّخص ،ف ٩طظٔخثٍٛح ٌّخًح ٌُ ٌ٠وَ cucumberحٌو١خٍ
حٌيٍ ّ حٌؼخٌغ
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ف١م َٛحٌّظَؿُ حٌّزظيٞء رظَؿّش كَفٔٙ١لذ ِظؼذ ٓ١ف ٌٛٛٙلخي ِخ ٌ ٍٟ٠ىخْ أفٓ٩٠ظً ِظؼذ ٓ١فٕٙٙخن
وٍّخص وؼَ١س ٚهٌ ِٕٙخHard labourلي طظَؿُ اٌ ٝأػّخي ٗخلش (ٚح٤ف :ً٠حػّخي ِ١ٕ٠ش)
Smashing Victoryأظٜخٍ ٓخكك ٓFast sleepزخص ػّ١ك ٓٔ٠Pass a lawلخٔٔٛخ ً Seize the
ٕ٠opportunityظ ِٙحٌفَٛشA sigh of reliefطٕفْ حٌٜؼيحء ٓThe hour of decisionخػش
حٌلّٔ٘ٛىٌح ،فؼٍ ٝحٌّظَؿُ حٌّزظيٞء أْ ٠ؼمً ًٌه ،ف٠ ٩ظَؿُ ِخ ٍٟ٠
He is with us heart and soul
رـِ ٛٙؼٕخ لٍزخ ً ٍٚٚكخًفؼٍ ٗ١أْ ٠مِ ٌٛٙٛؼٕخ لٍزخ ً ٚلخٌزخًٌ٘ ْ٤ح ٠ظّخِٗ ٝغ حٌٍغش حٌؼَر١ش أف ِٓ ً٠حٌٔخرك
أ ٚريي ِٓ طَؿّش ِخ He hit his child by surpriseٍٟ٠
فٔ١ظَؿّٙخ حٌّظَؿُ حٌّزظيٞء وّخ َ٠١ٍ٠د أهؤٖ فـؤسٌٚىخْ أف ٌٛ ً٠أٔٗ لخي:
َٟد أهخٖ ػٍ ٝك ٓ١غَس.
ٚحهظُ حٌّ٘ىٍش ح ٌٝٚ٤ر ٌٖٙحٌطَفش حٌظ ٟلي ٠مغ فٙ١خ حٌّظَؿُ ٌٍ١ ٛزٕخ ِٓ حٌّظَؿُ حْ ٠ظَؿُ ِخ ٍٟ٠دمحم كٟ
َُ٠ق
ٓ١م َٛحٌّظَؿُ حٌّزظيٞء رظ ٍٛٙرخٌظَؿّش حٌظخٌ١شMuhammad is alive and receives blessings
َ٠ ٌُٚحػ ٟفٙ١خ ػمخفش حٌ٘و ٚح٢هَ ف ٟحٌٍغش حٔ٦ـٍ٠ِ١ش٠ ٌُٚ ،ف ُٙحٌٕ ٚأ ً٘ ،ً٩ٛحٌىخطذ ٕ٘خ ٠مٜي أْ دمحم
فَِ ٟس ِٓ حٌَّحص ٌُ ٠ىٓ َُ٠ق فٙ١خ ،إّٔ٠غ هللا ػٕٗ حٌَُقٍٚ ٨ ،رٌٚ .ٟىٓ حٌىخطذ ٕ٘خ ٠مٜي أْ ٠ئوي أٔٗ
ك،ٟفؼمخفش حٌ٘و ٚح٢هَ لي ٠ـي غَحرش فِ ٟؼٕ ٌٖ٘ ٝحٌـٍّش ٌٛٚأٔٗ لخي ٌٗ
Muhammad is
alive and kicking
ٌف ُٙحٔٗ ٠َ٠ي طؤو١ي أْ دمحم ك١خٔظَ ٌٍّظُِ٩خص حٌظخٌ١شٓ ً١ػخٍَ ،ؿّغ غفٛ ،َ١ي٠ك كّ ،ُ١فً٘ ًٍ٠غ ،آًحْ
ٛخغ١ش ،ؿزخي ٗخ٘مشٍ ،ىِفلُ ،ؿ ٖ١ػَََِ ،كَد ،َّٟٚػيٌ ٚيٚى ،أكَّ لخْ ،حٛفَ فخلغ ،أرٞ١
ٔخٛغ،أه٠ َ٠خٔؼؤطّٕ ٝأٔه فّٙض ِمٜيٙ٠يف ِٓ ٟحٌّ٘ىٍش ح ٌٝٚ٤حْ ٠ف ُٙحٌّظَؿُ ٕ٠ٚظم ٟرؼ ٞحٌ٤فخظ
حٌّٕخٓزش ٌىً ٌغش .
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أهطخء ٗخثؼش ف ٟحٌظَؿّش حٌؼَر١ش
إ حُظَؿٔش ك٣ ٖ٤ظ ٠ُٞأَٓٛخ ٖٓ ُ ْ٤أٛال ُٜخ ،كبٜٗخ طـَ ك ٢أً٣خُٜخ آػخٍح ِٓز٤ش ال طوطجٜخ حُؼ ٖ٤حُٔزَٜس.
ٗٝلٖ ٘ٛخ رٜيى ًًَ أٓؼِش ػِٓ ٠خ طليػ ٚحُظَؿٔش حُٔظؼـِش حُٔ٤جش ٖٓ آػخٍ ِٓز٤ش ػِ ٠أٓخُ٤ذ حٌُظخرش حُؼَر٤ش،
ٞ٤ٗٝع أُلخظ ك ٢حُِـش ُٔ٤ض ٖٓ ١ز٤ؼظٜخًُٝ ،ي ٓٔخ َ٣ى ًؼَ٤ح ك ٢حُٜلخكش حُؼَر٤ش ٝحإلًحػظ ٖ٤حُٔٔٔٞػش
ٝحَُٔث٤شًُ ٖٓ .ي ٓؼال:
أٝال :اٟخكش أًؼَ ٖٓ ٓ٠خف اُ٠ٓ ٠خف اُٝ ٚ٤حكيً .خُو " :ٍٞحكظيحّ ٝحٗظيحى حُوظخٍ "ٝ .حُٜٞحد كًُ ٢ي" :
حكظيحّ حُوظخٍ ٝحٗظيحىٌٛٝ ،" ٙح ٣ؼ٘ ٢اٟخكش ٓ٠خف ٝحكي اُ ٠حُٔ٠خف اُٝ ،ٚ٤اٟخكش حُٔ٠خف ح٥هَ اُ٠
٣ َ٤ٟٔؼٞى ػِ ٠حُٔ٠خف اُ ٚ٤حأل.ٍٝ
ػخٗ٤خ :طؤه َ٤حُلخػَ ٝطوي َٙ٤ٟٔ ْ٣ػًِ .ٚ٤خُو " :ٍٞك ٢ط٣َٜق ُ ٚػٖ حألكٞحٍ حألٓ٘٤ش ك ٢حُوِ٤ؾ ،هخٍ َ٣ُٝ
حُيكخع حألَٓٝ ." ... ٢ٌ٣حُٜٞحد كٓ ٢ؼَ ٌٙٛحُلخُش إٔ ٣وخٍ " :هخٍ َ٣ُٝحُيكخع حألَٓ ٢ٌ٣ك ٢ط٣َٜق ُٚ
ػٖ حألكٞحٍ حألٓ٘٤ش ك ٢حُوِ٤ؾ إ ." ...
ػخُؼخ :ؿٔغ ػيى ٖٓ حألٓٔخء حُٔؼطٞكش ك ٢ؿِٔش ٝحكيسًُٝ ،ي ى ٕٝإٔ ٣ظزغ ًال ٜٓ٘خ رلَف حُؼطق " ،" ٝ
ًخُوًٛ " :ٍٞذ أكٔي اُ ٠حٌُٔظزش ٝحٗظًَ ٟظزخ ،أهالٓخٍٞٛ ،ح ،ىكخطَ "! ٌٛٝح أِٓٞد ال ٜ٣ق حألهٌ ر ٚك٢
حُؼَر٤ش ُٔخ ك ٖٓ ٢كـخؿش ٝػـٔش ،كظ ُٞٝ ٠أهٌص رُ ٚـش أهًَ ٟخإلٗـِ٣ِ٤ش .إً كخُٜٞحد ك ٢حُٔؼخٍ
حُٔخرن إٔ ٗوًٛ " :ٍٞذ أكٔي اُ ٠حٌُٔظزش ٝحٗظًَ ٟظزخ ٝأهالٓخ ٍٞٛٝح ٝىكخطَ ".
ٍحرؼخ :حُظولق ٖٓ حٓظؼٔخٍ حُٔلؼ ٍٞحُٔطِن ك ٢حُظَؿٔش٤ُ ،لَ ٓلَ ًِٔخص أ ٝػزخٍحص أهَٓ ٟظَؿٔشٓ ،ؼَ:
" رٍٜٞس – رٌَ٘ – ُيٍؿش – ػِٗ ٠لً ،" ٞخُو٤٘ٓ " :ٍٞض رٍٜٞس ؿ٤يس "ٓ " ٝ ،خٍ رٌَ٘ كٖٔ "" ٝ ،
إ هخٓظِ٣ٞ١ ٚش ُيٍؿش أٜٗخ طٔي حُزخد " " ٝ ،ظ َٜػِٗ ٠لٝ ٞحٟق "ًِٜ ٌٙٛٝ .خ حٓظؼٔخالص رؼ٤يس ػٖ
حُؼَر٤شٝ ،حألٛق ٜٓ٘خ إٔ ٣وخٍ٤٘ٓ " :ض ٓ٘٤خ ؿ٤يح "ٓ " ٝ ،خٍ َٓ٤ح كٔ٘خ " " ٝ ،إ هخٓظِ٣ٞ١ ٚش ٞ١ال ٔ٣ي
حُزخد " " ٝ ،ظ َٜظٍٜٞح ٝحٟلخ " .أ ١حٓظؼٔخٍ حُٔلؼ ٍٞحُٔطِن ُِيالُش ػِ ٠حُلخالص حُظًًَُ ٢ص.
هخٓٔخ :طٜزق حُظَؿٔش كٓ ٢ويٓش حألٓزخد حُظ ٢طؼَٔ ػِ ٠اٗخػش أهطخء اًح هخّ رٜخ ٖٓ ٣ظَؿْ طَؿٔش كَك٤ش:
( أ ) كٔؼال ٔ٣ظؼَٔ حُزؼًِٔ ٞش " ٟي " ٢ٛٝطَؿٔش كَك٤ش ٌُِٔش againstك ٢حُِـش حإلٗـِ٣ِ٤ش .ك٤وخٍ" :
كخٍد ٟي حالٓظؼٔخٍ "٘٣ " ٝ ،زـ ٢إٔ ٔ٣ؼ ٠ح٥رخء ُظِو٤ق أر٘خثٟ ْٜي حُـيٍٛ " ٝ ،" ١يٍ كٌْ ٟي كالٕ
"ٝ ،ؿًُ َ٤يٜ٘٣ٝ .ذ حالػظَح ٝػِ ٠إٔ حألِٓٞد حٌُِ٣ ١ـؤ اُ ٠حٓظؼٔخٍ ٌٙٛحٌُِٔش ٞٛ ،أِٓٞد ٣وخُق
َ١م حُظؼز َ٤حُؼَر٤ش .كخُو ٍٞإٔ " كالٕ ٣لخٍد ٟي حالٓظؼٔخٍ " ُ٣ل ٚ٘ٓ ْٜإٔ ٌٛح حُٔلخٍد ٓوخُق
ُالٓظؼٔخٍ ،أ ١أٗ٣ ٚلخٍد ك ٢ؿزٜش أهَ ٟؿ َ٤حُـزٜش حُٔؼخى٣ش ُالٓظؼٔخٍٝ .حُٜٞحد كًُ ٢ي حُوٖٗ " :ٍٞ
كَرخ ػِ ٠حالٓظؼٔخٍ "ٝ .رخُ٘ٔزش ُزو٤ش حألٓؼِش٣ " :ـذ طِو٤ق حأل١لخٍ ٖٓ حُـيٍٛ " ٝ ،" ١يٍ كٌْ رلن
كالٕ أ ٝػِ." ٚ٤
( د ) ٖٓٝحٌُِٔخص حُظ ٢طظيحُٜٝخ أؿِٜس حإلػالّ حألؿ٘ز٤شًِٔ ،ش coverحإلٗـِ٣ِ٤ش .ك٠٤غ ُٜخ حُٔظَؿْ حٌُِٔش
حُظ٣ ٢ليىٛخ حُوخٓ٣ " ٢ٛٝ ،ّٞـط ٌُٖٝ ." ٢ك ٢حُؼَر٤ش ال ٣ل٤ي ٌٛح حُلؼَ ٓؼ٘ٗ ٠وَ حُوزَ .كل ٢حُو " :ٍٞهخّ
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َٓحَٓ ؿَ٣يس حألَٛحّ رظـط٤ش أٗزخء حُوظخٍ حُيحثَ ك٘ٓ ٢طوش حُوِ٤ؾ "٘ٛ ْ٤ُ .خى ػالهش ر ٖ٤حُـطخء أ ٝحُظـط٤ش
ٝر ٖ٤حألهزخٍٝ .ط٠غ ٓؼخؿْ حُِـش أكؼخال ؿٌٛ َ٤ح حُلؼَ ُيالُش ٗوَ حُوزَ ،كظوٗ " :ٍٞوَ حُوزَ أ ٝأرِـ ٚأٝ
َٓى." ٙ
( ؿـ ) ٖٓٝحٌُِٔخص حُظٔ٣ ٢خء حٓظويحّ طَؿٔظٜخًِٔ ،ش reachرٔؼ٘ .َٜ٣ ٠كؼ٘ي ٛٝق كيع ٍٞٛٝاكيٟ
حُ٘و٤ٜخص حَُٓٔ٤ش٣ ،وخٍٔٓ َٜٓ َٛٝ " :خء أْٓ َ٣ُٝحالهظٜخى ك ٢ىُٝش حٌُ٣ٞض "ٌٛٝ .ح حالٓظؼٔخٍ
هخ١ت ،ألٕ حُلؼَ " " َٛٝرخإلٗـِ٣ِ٤ش ٓظؼيٍ ،أ٣ ١لظخؽ آُ ٠لؼ ٍٞر ٌُٚ٘ٝ .ٚك ٢حُؼَر٤ش الُّ ،ال ٣ظؼي.ٟ
ك ٜٞرٌُي ُ ْ٤رلخؿش آُ ٠لؼ ،ٍٞرَ اُ ٠كَف حُـَ " اُ ." ٠ك٘و َٛٝ " :ٍٞأُٓ َٜٓ ٠خء أْٓ ." ...
ػز ََْ ،ك٤وخٍ " :ػزَ أؿِٜس حالطٜخٍ "ٝ .حألًؼَ ٞٛحرخ ٖٓ ًُي إٔ ( ى ) ٖٓٝطِي حٌُِٔخصًِٔ ،ش viaرٔؼَ٘ ٠
طو " :ٍٞرؤؿِٜس حالطٜخٍ " أ " ٝرٞحٓطش حالطٜخٍ ".
( ٛـ ) ٜ٘ٓٝخ أ٠٣خ ًِٔش " ١زوخ " حُٔظَؿٔش ػٖ ًِٔش ،accordingك ٢ٜطَى ك ٢أٓؼِش ًؼَ٤سًُ ٖٓٝ .ي ٓؼال
حُو٤ٓ " :ٍٞظْ ٗوَ حألَٓ ّٞ٣ ٟحألكي ١زوخ ًُٞخالص حألٗزخء " .أٓخ حُِـش حُؼَر٤ش كال طَ ٠ٟرخٓظؼٔخٍ " ١زوخ "
كٓ ٢ؼَ ٌٛح حُٟٔٞغٝ ،اٗٔخ طظطِذ حٓظؼٔخٍ حٌُِٔش حُٜل٤لش ٌُٜح حُٟٞغٝ " ٢ٛٝ ،كوخ " أٝ " ٝكخهخ " أ" ٝ
ػِٝ ٠كن " .ك٘و٤ٓ " :ٍٞظْ ٗوَ حألَٓ ّٞ٣ ٟحألكي حُوخىّ ٝكوخ ُٔخ ًًَطًٝ ٚخالص حألٗزخء "ٌٛ ،ح اًح أٍىٗخ
حُظٔٔي رلَك٤ش حُظَؿٔشٌُ٘٘ٝ .خ ٗٔظط٤غ ًًَ ػيس ؿَٔ طئى ١حُٔؼ٘ ٠رٍٜٞس ِٜٓش ٝحٟلش ،ك٘وٓ ٍٞؼال" :
ًًَص ًٝخالص حألٗزخء إٔ حألَُٓ٘٤ٓ ٟوِ ّٞ٣ ٕٞحألكي حُوخىّ ".
ٓخىٓخ :طَؿٔش ًِٔش cancelرٌِٔش " الؿ٤خ "ً،خُو٣ " :ٍٞؼي حالطلخم الؿ٤خ ٌٓ٘ ٓٔخء حُٜ٘٣ٝ ." ّٞ٤ذ
حالػظَح ٝػًِِٔ ٠ش " الؿ٤خ " ،ك ٢ٜحْٓ كخػَ ٖٓ حُلؼَ " ُـخ – ِ٣ـ ،" ٞأً ١ؼَ ًالٓ ٌُٖٝ .ٚحُٔ٤خم حٌُ١
طًٌَُ كًِٔ ٚ٤ش " الؿ٤خ " ال ٗؤٕ ُ ٚرٌؼَس حٌُالّ أ ٝهِظ ،ٚرَ ربرطخٍ حطلخم ٓٔزنٌُُٝ .ي ك٤ـذ حٓظؼٔخٍ ًِٔش "
ِٓـ ٢ٛٝ ،" ٢حْٓ حُٔلؼ ٖٓ ٍٞحُلؼَ " أُـِ٣ – ٠ـ ." ٢كخُٜل٤ق إً إٔ ٣وخٍ٣ " :ؼي حالطلخم ِٓـ٤خ ٌٓ٘ ٓٔخء
حُ." ّٞ٤
ٓخرؼخٝ :حُزؼ٣ ٞظَؿْ ًِٔش stillرٌِٔش " ال ُحٍ " .ك٤و " :ٍٞالُحُض حالؿظٔخػخص ٓ٘ؼويس كٓ ٢ـِْ حألٖٓ "،
٣ٝو " :ٍٞالُحُض حُـٜٞى طزٌٍ إلٛالف حُٟٞغ كُ ٢ز٘خٕ "ٌٛٝ .ح حٓظؼٔخٍ هخ١ت ٌُِٔش " ال ُحٍ " ،ك ٢ٜطل٤ي
حُيػخء ال حالٓظَٔحٍٜ٣ .ق إٔ ٣وخٍ " :ال ُحُض حُي٣خٍ ه٣ٞش ػِِ٣س رؤِٜٛخ " ،ك ٜٞىػخء ُِي٣خٍ ريٝحّ حُوّٞ
ٝحُؼِ .أٓخ ٓخ ٣ل٤ي حالٓظَٔحٍ كٓ " ٜٞخ ُحٍ "ً ،ؤٕ ٗوٓ " :ٍٞخ ُحُض حالؿظٔخػخص ٓٔظَٔس "ٓ " ٝ ،خ ُحُض
حُـٜٞى ٓزٌُٝش "ًٝ .ؼَ٤ح ٓخ ٣وظِ ٢حألَٓ ػِ٣ ٖٓ ٠و ٕٞٓٞرخٌُظخرش حُؼَر٤ش ،ك٤ؤهٌ ٕٝرخالٓظؼٔخٍ حألُِ ٍٝيالُش
ػِ ٠حُؼخٗ.٢
ػخٓ٘خ٘ٛٝ :خى ًِٔش byحُظ٣ ٢ظَؿٜٔخ حُزؼ ِٖٓ " ٞهِزَ َْ "٣ٝ ،يهِٜٗٞخ ك ٢حُـَٔ ى ٕٝحٓظجٌحٕ ،ػِ ٠حَُؿْ ٖٓ
ػيّ ٛلظٜخ .ك٤وخٍ " :ىُٗٝض حُٔالكظخص ِٖٓ هِزَ َْ حُِـ٘ش " ْ٤ُٝ .ك ٢حٓظؼٔخٍ " ِٖٓ هِزَ َْ " أٍَٟٝ ١س ك٢
ٌٛح حُٔ٤خمًُ ،ي أٗ ٌٖٔ٣ ٚحُو " :ٍٞىٗٝض حُِـ٘ش حُٔالكظخص ".
طخٓؼخ٘ٛٝ :خى ًِٔش ٗخع حٓظؼٔخُٜخ ٗٞ٤ػخ هخ١جخ ،كال طٌخى طوِٜ٘ٓ ٞخ ؿِٔشًِٔ ٢ٛٝ ،ش " رخُ٘ٔزش " ،حُظٌٖٔ٣ ٢
حُظوِ ٢ػٜ٘خ ى ٕٝكيٝع أ ١اهالٍ ك ٢حُـِٔش ،ك٠ال ػٖ إٔ حٓظؼٔخُٜخ ٣وخُق حالٓظؼٔخٍ حُؼَر ٢حُِٔ.ْ٤
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ك٤وخٍ ٓؼال " :حٗول٠ض أٓؼخٍ حُؼٔالصٝ ،رخُ٘ٔزش ُِٔخٍى حألُٔخٗ ٢كوي حٗولٓ ٞوخرَ حُيٝالٍ "ٌٛٝ .ح طًَ٤ذ
ؿٛ َ٤ل٤ق ُِـِٔش ،كؤٗ ١ظَس ُِوخٓ ّٞطيُ٘خ ػِ ٠إٔ " حُ٘ٔزش " ٢ٛحُوَحرش أٓ ٝخ طؼِن رٜخ٘ٛ ٖٓٝ .خ
كخُٜٞحد إٔ ٣وخٍ " :حٗول٠ض أٓؼخٍ حُؼٔالص ،أٓخ حُٔخٍى حألُٔخٗ ٢كوي حٗولٓ ٞوخرَ حُيٝالٍ ".
ػخَٗح :أٓخ ػٖ حُوِ ٢ر ٖ٤كَك ٢حُـَ " اُ " ٝ " ٠حُالّ " -ػ٘ي طَؿٔش كَف حُـَ ك ٢حإلٗـِ٣ِ٤ش - toكٜٞ
ًؼٍ ،َ٤ؿْ إٔ ٌَُ ٜٓ٘ٔخ ٓؼ٘ٝ ٠حٓظؼٔخٍ ٓوظِق .أٓخ ػٖ حُٔؼ٘ ،٠ك ٜٞإٔ " اُ " ٠طؼ٘ ٢حٗظٜخء حُـخ٣ش ،ك٢
ك ٖ٤طٔظؼَٔ " حُالّ " ُِيالُش ػِ ٠حٌُِٔ٤ش ٝحُظو٣ٝ ،ٚ٤ٜظليى حٓظؼٔخٍ ًَ ٜٓ٘ٔخ طزؼخ ُِٔؼ٘ ٠حٌُ ١طيٍ
ػِ٣ .ٚ٤وخٍ ٓؼالِٔٓ " :ض حُِٔق ًخٓال اٍُ ٠ثٓ ْ٤ـِْ حإلىحٍس "ٌٛٝ ،ح ؿٛ َ٤ل٤قٞٛٝ ،حرِٔٓ " :ٚض
حُِٔق ًخٓال َُثٓ ْ٤ـِْ حإلىحٍس "ٝ .حُٔزذ إٔ حُِٔق ٟٓٞ٤غ طلض طَٜكً ،ٚؤِٗٓ ٚي ٖٓ أٓالًُْٝ ،ٚ
ٌٖ٣حُـَٓ ٝلَ حُِٔق ٖٓ ٌٓخٕ ٓؼ ٖ٤حرظيحء آٌُ ٠خٕ آهَ حٗظٜخء٣ٝ .وخٍ أ٠٣خٓ " :خكَص ٛزخف حُـٔؼش
حُٔخُ ٢ٟإلٌٓ٘يٍ٣ش "ٌٛٝ ،ح ؿٛ َ٤ل٤ق أ٠٣خٝ .حُٜٞحد حُوٓ " :ٍٞخكَص ٛزخف حُـٔؼش حُٔخ ٢ٟاُ٠
حإلٌٓ٘يٍ٣ش " ،ألٕ كَف حُـَ " اُ " ٠ك ٌٙٛ ٢حُـِٔش ٣ليى حٗظٜخء حُـخ٣ش ٖٓ حُٔلَ.
كخى ١ػَ٘ :حإلَٛحٍ ػِ ٠طَؿٔش رؼ ٞحٌُِٔخص حإلٗـِ٣ِ٤ش رٌِٔش ٝحكيس ٓوخرِش ك ٢حُِـش حُؼَر٤شٓ ،ؼَ ًِٔش
ٝ ،privatizationحُظٟٝ ٢ؼض ُٜخ طَؿٔخص ػيسٓ ،ؼَ " :حُوٜوٜش " أ " ٝحُظو " ٚ٤ٜأ ٝحُظو٤ٜ٤ٜش
"ًِٜ ٌٙٛٝ .خ طَؿٔخص ؿ َ٤ىه٤وش ٌُِِٔشًُ ،ي إٔ حُِـش حإلٗـِ٣ِ٤ش طٔ َ٤ىحثٔخ الٓظويحّ حُِٝحثي – affixes
ٓٞحء ًخٗض رخىثش أّ الكوش – اُ ٠حٌُِٔش حأل٤ِٛش كظ٣ ٠ظْ ٓٞحءٓش حٓظويحٜٓخ كٞٓ ٢هؼٜخ ٖٓ حُـِٔشٌُُٝ .ي
ك ٢ٜطؼظزَ أًؼَ ٖٓ ًِٔش ٝحكيسٝ ،إ ريص ك ٢ظخَٛٛخ ًِٔش ٝحكيس٘ٛ ٖٓٝ .خ كال ىحػُ ٢إلَٛحٍ ػِ٠
طَؿٔظٜخ رٌِٔش ٝحكيس َٓحىكش ك ٢حُِـش حُؼَر٤شٝ .رٌُي طٌ ٕٞحُظَؿٔش حُيه٤وش ٌُِِٔش حُٔخروش " :٢ٛحُظلٍٞ
ُِوطخع حُوخًٌُٝ ." ٙي ًِٔش Islamizationحُظ ٌٖٔ٣ ٢طَؿٔظٜخ " :ططز٤ن حَُ٘٣ؼش حإلٓالٓ٤ش "ٝ .ؿَ٤
ًُي ًؼٔٓ َ٤خ ٌٖٔ٣حُو٤خّ ػِ.ٚ٤
ػخٗ ٢ػَ٘ :حٓظويحّ ٗلْ حُٔلخ ْ٤ٛحُظ٣َ٣ ٢ي حُـَد طَ٣ٝـٜخ ٞ٤ٗٝػٜخ ػ٘ي حُظَؿٔش .كٔؼال ػ٘ي ًظخرش حُـَد
ُٔخ ٣يَٛ ٖٓ ٍٝحع ر ٖ٤حُلِٔطٝ ٖ٤٤٘٤حإلَٓحث٣ ،ٖ٤٤ِ٤و .Israel and the Palestinians :ُٕٞٞك٣َ٣ ْٜيٕٝ
إٔ ٔ٣ظوَ ك ًٖٛ ٢حُوخٍة إٔ آَحث ٢ٛ َ٤ىُٝش ُٜخ ً٤خٕ هخثْ ،أٓخ حُلِٔط ٕٞ٤٘٤ك ْٜأكَحى رال ىُٝشٌُُٝ .ي
كؼِ٘٤خ ٗلٖ كٗ ٖ٤ظَؿْ ،إٔ ٗو " ٍٞحُلِٔطٝ ٕٞ٤٘٤حإلَٓحث ،" ٕٞ٤ِ٤أ ٝإٔ ٗو " :ٍٞكِٔطٝ ٖ٤آَحث ،" َ٤ال إٔ
ٗوغ كٔ٤خ ٣َ٣ي ٚٗٝإٔ ٔ٣ظوَ ك ٢أًٛخٗ٘خ ،ك٘و " :ٍٞآَحثٝ َ٤حُلِٔط." ٕٞ٤٘٤
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أهطخء ٗخثؼش ف ٟحٌظَؿّش اٌ ٝحٌٍغش حٌؼَر١ش
حُظَؿٔش ُٔ٤ض ٓـَى ػِٔ٤ش ٗوَ حُ٘ ٚرٌِٔخطُ ٖٓ ٚـش اُُ ٠ـش ٌُٜ٘ٝخ أػٔن ٖٓ ًُي رٌؼ .َ٤كخُظَؿٔش ٗ ٢ٛوَ
ٍٝف حُ٘ ٚرخألٓخّ اُ ٠حُِـش حُٔٔظٜيكشٌُ .ح كٖٔ حُوطؤ إٔ ٣وطت حُٔظَؿْ ك ٢حُِـش حُٔٔظٜيكش ٝأال ٌٕٞ٣
ِٓٔخ رظؼزَ٤حطٜخ ٜٓٝطِلخطٜخ ٤ًٝل٤ش طٌ ٖ٣ٞحُـَٔ رٜخ .ك ٢حُِٔق حُظخُ َ٤٘٘ٓ ٢اُ ٠رؼ ٞحألهطخء حُ٘خثؼش ك٢
حُظَؿٔش كظ٣ ٠ظلخىٛخ حُٔظَؿٔ ٕٞحُـيى.
-1اٟخفش أوؼَ ِٓ ِ٠خف اٌ٠ِ ٝخف اٌٚ ٗ١حكي:
حُوطؤ " :حكظيحّ ٝحٗظيحى حُوظخٍ ".
حُٜٞحد " :حكظيحّ حُوظخٍ ٝحٗظيحى." ٙ
-2طؤه َ١حٌفخػً ٚطمي َٖ١ّٟ ُ٠ػٍ:ٗ١
حُوطؤ " :ك ٢ط٣َٜق ُ ٚػٖ حألكٞحٍ حألٓ٘٤ش ك ٢حُوِ٤ؾ ،هخٍ َ٣ُٝحُيكخع حألَٓ." ... ٢ٌ٣
حُٜٞحد إٔ ٣وخٍ " :هخٍ َ٣ُٝحُيكخع حألَٓ ٢ٌ٣ك ٢ط٣َٜق ُ ٚػٖ حألكٞحٍ حألٓ٘٤ش ك ٢حُوِ٤ؾ َّ
إ ." ...
-3ؿّغ ػيى ِٓ حّٓ٤خء حٌّؼطٛفش ف ٟؿٍّش ٚحكيس:
ًُٝي ى ٕٝإٔ ٣ظزغ ًال ٜٓ٘خ رلَف حُؼطق " ً ،" ٝخُوًٛ " :ٍٞذ أكٔي اُ ٠حٌُٔظزش ٝحٗظًَ ٟظزخ ،أهالٓخ،
ٍٞٛح ،ىكخطَ ".
حُٜٞحد ك ٢حُٔؼخٍ حُٔخرن إٔ ٗوًٛ " :ٍٞذ أكٔي اُ ٠حٌُٔظزش ٝحٗظًَ ٟظزخ ٝأهالٓخ ٍٞٛٝح ٝىكخطَ ".
-4ػيَ حهظ١خٍ حٌَّحىف حٌّٕخٓذ ٌٍىٍّش ِٓ ٍٚف حٌِٕٚ ٚؼٕخٖ حٚ ٍٟٛ٤حٌّـخي حٌّٕظّ:ٌٗ ٟ
كٔؼال ٓؼًِ٘ٔ ٠ش "٣ "Businessظـ٥ ٚٗ ٖٓ َ٤هَ كٔذ ٗٞع حُ٘ٞٓ ٚحء ًخٕ هخٗ٤ٗٞخ أ ٝطـخٍ٣خ أٝ
ٓ٤خٓ٤خ.
-5حَٛ٦حٍ ػٍ ٝطَؿّش رؼ ٞحٌىٍّخص حٔ٦ـٍ٠ِ١ش رىٍّش ٚحكيس ِمخرٍش ف ٟحٌٍغش حٌؼَر١ش:
ٌٛٝح ٓؼظوي هخ١ت ُي ٟرؼ ٞحُٔظَؿٖٔ٤؛ َّ
ألٕ ًَ ُـش ُٜٝخ ٜٓطِلخطٜخ ٝطًَ٤زخطٜخ ،كٔؼال ًِٔش
" "Islamizationطؼ٘" ٢ططز٤ن حَُ٘٣ؼش حإلٓالٓ٤ش".
-6حٌٔٛٓٚ ٓ١ف ٨طيه ْ٩ا ٨ػٍ ٝؿًّ ِؼزظش :
حُوطؤٞٓ " :ف ُٖ أًٛذ".
حُٜٞحد ُٖ :أًٛذ.
-7حٓظويحَ (وٍّخ):
حُوطؤًِٔ" :خ طؼٔوضَ ك ٢حُوَحءس ٝحال١العًِٔ ،خ ُحىص كِ٤ٜظُي ٖٓ حُٔؼَكش" .
حُٜٞحد :كٌف ًِٔخ ٖٓ حُـِٔش حُؼخٗ٤ش.
-8حٓظويحَ (طٛحؿي):
ال ٜ٣ق ه " ٍٞطٞحؿي كالٕ" ًظؼز َ٤ػٖ حُلٍٞ٠؛ ألٕ (حُٞؿي) ٞٛحُلذ حُ٘ي٣ي أ ٝحُلِٕ.
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حُٜٞحد :ػِ ٠حُٜٔظٔ ٖ٤رخُ٘يٝس حُل ٍٞ٠حُٔخػش حُؼخَٗس.
حُوطؤ :ػِ ٠حُٜٔظٔ ٖ٤رخُ٘يٝس حُظٞحؿي حُٔخػش حُؼخَٗس.
ٝأ٠٣خٔ٣ :ظوَؽ حُ٘لخّ حُٔٞؿٞى ك ٢رخ ٖ١حألٍ.ٝ
ٔ٣ : ْ٤ُٝظوَؽ حُ٘لخّ حُٔظٞحؿي ك ٢رخ ٖ١حألٍ.ٝ
-11حٓظويحَ (٠ظٛؿذ) ً
ري٠( ِٓ ٨ـذ):
حُوطؤ٣ :ظٞؿذ ػِ٤ي أىحء حُٞحؿزخص.
حُٜٞحد٣ :ـذ ػِ٤ي أىحء حُٞحؿزخص.
ٌ
كالٕ :أًَ ك ٢حُٝ ّٞ٤حُِِ٤ش أًِش ٝحكيس. ألٕ ط َََّ ٞؿذ
-12حٓظويحَ (ٕ٠زغ٠( ٚ )ٟـذ):
حُوطؤ ٘٣ :زـ ٢ػِ ٠حُطخُذ طؤى٣ش ٝحؿز.ٚ
حُٜٞحد٣ :ـذ ػِ ٠حُطخُذ طؤى٣ش ٝحؿز.ٚ
ألّٗ ٚؿخء ك( ٢حُٔؼـْ حُ:)٢٤ٓٞ
ٖٔ
ُلالٕ إٔ ٣لؼَ ًٌح :ال ٤ِ٣ن رٝ ٚال ٣ل ُ
ٍ ٖٔ رْٔ ُ٣ٝ ٚظَلذُّ ُٓٝ .ٚخ ٘٣زـ٢
لالٕ إٔ ٣ؼَٔ ًٌح٣َ :لْ ُ
«٣وخٍ٘٣ :زـٍ ُِ ٢
ٓ٘».ٚ
-13حٓظويحَ حُٓ حٌظف:ً١٠
حُوطؤٓ :لخكظش حإلٌٓ٘يٍ٣ش ػخٗ ٢أًزَ ٓلخكظش ك.َٜٓ ٢
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حُٜٞحدٓ :لخكظش حإلٌٓ٘يٍ٣ش ٢ٛحُؼخٗ٤ش رؼي أًزَ ٓلخكظش كٓ / َٜٓ ٢لخكظش حإلٌٓ٘يٍ٣ش ٢ٛحُؼخٗ٤ش ًِزَح
ك.َٜٓ ٢
ألٕ حُ٤ٜـش (أًزَ) طؼ٘ ٢إٔ ٓخ ٣ظٜق رٜخ ٣لظَ حَُٔطزش حأل ٖٓ ٠ُٝك٤غ حُ ٌِزََ؛ ٌٛٝح ٣وظ ٢٠أالّ ٘٣خًٍ ٚك٢
ظلَى ر ٌٜٙحُٜلش (أًزَ) .رؼزخٍس أهَ٘ٛ ْ٤ُ ،ٟخى أ ٍٝأًزَٝ ،ػخٗ ٢أًزَ، ٌٙٛحَُٔطزش ٌٗ ٢ء آهَ ،كٝ ٜٞك٤ي ُٓ ِ ّ
ٝػخُغ أًزَ.
-14أػََّ ػٍ:ٗ١
حُوطؤ :أػََّ ػُِ / ٚ٤ي ػِ ٚ٤طؤػ َ٤ػظ.ْ٤
حُٜٞحد :أػََّ رُ / ٚي ك ٚ٤طؤػ َ٤ػظ.ْ٤
ألٕ ٌٛح حُلؼَ ٣ظؼيٓٝ ٟخ ٘٣ظن ٓ٘ ٚرـ (ك )٢أ ٝرـ (حُزخء).
-15ىهٛي ( َ٨حٌـَ) ػٍ ٝحُٓ حٌِِخْ:
حُوطؤ :رو٤ض ك ٢حٌُٔظزش ُٔيس هَ٤ٜس.
حُٜٞحد :رو٤ض ك ٢حٌُٔظزش ٓيس هَ٤ٜس.
ألٕ ٌٙٛحُالّ ُحثيس ٝال ٝظ٤لش ُٜخ٣ٝ ،ـذ إٔ طٜ٘ذ (ٓيس) ػِ ٠حُظَك٤ش ألٜٗخ ٓظ٘ٔ٠ش ٓؼ٘( ٠ك٢ٛٝ )٢
ظَف ُٓخٕ.
-16رضَّ ف ٟحٌّٟٛٛع:
حُوطؤ :ال ّ
٣زض ك ٢حُٟٔٞٞع اال ٍث ْ٤حُؼَٔ.
حُٜٞحد :ال ّ
٣زض حُٟٔٞٞع اال ٍث ْ٤حُؼَٔ.
ّ
(٣زض) ٓظؼي ر٘لٔٝ ٚال ٣لظخؽ اُ ٠كَف حُـَ. ألٕ حُلؼَ
-17اىهخي (حٌزخء) ػٍ ٝحٌّطٍٛد:
حُوطؤ :ال طزيٍ حُٔؼَكش رخُـ.َٜ
حُٜٞحد :ال طزيٍ رخُٔؼَكش حُـ.َٜ
حُوطؤ :حٗظَ ٟىٗ٤خ ٙرخ٥هَس.
حُٜٞحد :حٗظَ ٟريٗ٤خ ٙح٥هَس.
ألٕ حُزخء ك ٢حألكؼخٍ (أريٍ ٝحٓظزيٍ ٝريٍّ ٝ َٟٗٝحٗظَٝ ٟرخع ٝحرظخع) طيهَ ػِ ٠حُٔظَٝى ال ػِ٠
حُٔطِٞد.
-18حفظؼً ٚطفخػً:
حُوطؤ :طزخٍص ٓيٍٓظ٘خ ٓغ حُٔيٍٓش حُٔـخٍٝس.
حُٜٞحد :طزخٍص ٓيٍٓظ٘خ ٝحُٔيٍٓش حُٔـخٍٝس.
حُوطؤ :حهظ ْٜكَ٣و٘خ ٓغ حُلَ٣ن ح٥هَ.
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حُٜٞحد :حهظ ْٜكَ٣و٘خ ٝحُلَ٣ن ح٥هَ.
ألٕ ٤ٛـظ( ٢حكظؼَ) (ٝطلخػَ) طوظ ٢٠حُٔ٘خًٍشٝ ،طظؼ ٖ٤كٜ٤خ ٝح ٝحُؼطقٝ ،ال طٔي ٓٔيٛخ (ٓغ).
-19حٓظويحَ (طلض):
حُوطؤ :حُزلغ طلض حُيٍحٓش.
حُٜٞحد :حُزلغ ك ٢حُيٍحٓش أُ٣ ٝيٍّ.
ألٕ حُلؼَ حُٔ٠خٍع أ ٝكَف حُـَ أهَد اٍُٝ ٠ف حُؼَر٤ش.
-20حٓظويحَ (طليّع):
حُوطؤ :طليَّع ػٖ ر٤غ أٍ / ٟٚطليَّع ػِ ٠ر٤غ أٍ.ٟٚ
حُٜٞحد :طليَّع رز٤غ أٍ.ٟٚ
ألٕ حُلؼَ (طليَّع) ُْ َ٣ى ك ٢حُٔؼـٔخص حُؼَر٤ش اال ٓظؼي٣خ رخُزخء كو.٢
-21حٌفؼً (أكٔٓ):
حُوطؤ :أكٖٔ حُٔؼِْ ك ٢حهظ٤خٍ حألُلخظ.
حُٜٞحد :أكٖٔ حُٔؼِْ حهظ٤خٍ حألُلخظ.
ألٕ حُلؼَ (أكٖٔ) كٌٛ ٢ح حُٟٔٞغ ال ٣ظؼي ٟرلَف حُـَ (كٝ )٢اٗٔخ ٣ظؼي ٟر٘لٔ.ٚ
-22حٌفؼً (طلمك):
حُوطؤ :طلووض ٖٓ حُوزَ ر٘لٔ.٢
حُٜٞحد :طلووض حُوزَ ر٘لٔ.٢
ألٕ حُلؼَ (طلون) ػ٘يٓخ ٣ؤطٓ ٢ظؼي٣خ كال كخؿش كُ ٚ٤لَف حُـَ (ٖٓ).
(طوَؽ):
ّ -23حٌفؼً
طوَؽ حُطخُذ ٖٓ ًِ٤ش حُطذ.
حُوطؤّ :
طوَؽ حُطخُذ ك٤ًِ ٢ش حُطذ.
حُٜٞحدّ :
(طوَؽ) ٣ظؼي ٟرلَف حُـَ (ك )٢كٔ٤خ ك٤ظؼِن رخٌُٔخٕ.
ّ ألٕ حُلؼَ
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ح٤هطخء حٌ٘خثؼش ف ٟحٌظَؿّش
حٌظَؿّش ٛ٘ٚفٓ ٠م ِٓ َٛه٩ي حٌّظَؿُ رٕمً حٌّؼٍِٛخص ٚح٤رلخع حٌؼٍّ١ش ِٓ ٌغش ٤هًٌَٚ ،ٜه ِٓ أؿً
أْ َٕ٘٠حٌؼٍُ ر ٓ١حٌـّ١غ ٔ٠ٚظف١ي ِٕٗ وً حٌٕخّ .
ٚطلظخؽ حٌظَؿّش اٌ ٝحِظ٩ن حٌّظَؿُ ٌميٍحص ٌغ٠ٛش ػخٌ١شٚ ،ليٍس ؿ١يس ػٍ ٝحٌ١ٜخغش ٚحٌظؼز.َ١
ٚطظؼيى أٔٛحع حٌظَؿّش ٚطوظٍف فٛ١ؿي ٌيٕ٠خ حٌظَؿّش ح٤ىر١ش ،حٌظَؿّش حٌؼٍّ١شٚ ،حٌظَؿّش ح٤وخى١ّ٠شٌٚ ،ىً
ٔٛع ِٓ ٌٖ٘ حٛٔ٤حع هٜخث ٜٗحٌظ ٟطّ.ِٖ١
ٚطلظخؽ حٌظَؿّش ٌٌ٩ظِحَ حٌّظَؿُ رخِ٤خٔش حٌؼٍّ١ش ٚحٌّٟٛٛػ١ش ٚػيَ ل١خَ ربؿَحثٗ رظغَ١١حص أ ٚطؼي٩٠ص
٠لَف ِٓ هٌٙ٩خ حٌٕ ٚحٌٌ٠ ٞم َٛرظَؿّظٗ.
ٚطلظخؽ حٌظَؿّش ٌيلش وزَ١سٌٌٌ ،ه ٠ـذ ػٍ ٝحٌّظَؿُ ِلخٌٚش طـٕذ ح٤هطخء حٌ٘خثؼش ف ٟحٌظَؿّش ٚحٌظٟ
٠مغ فٙ١خ حٌؼي٠ي ِٓ حٌّظَؿّ ِٓٚ ،ٓ١أرَُ ٌٖ٘ ح٤هطخء:
حٌوًٍ ف ٟط٠َٜف ح٤فؼخي ٚطَط١زٙخ ف ٟحٌـٍّش ٠:ـذ ػٍ ٝحٌّظَؿُ أْ ٠ظؤوي ِٓ ط٠َٜفٗ ٌ٥فؼخي ٚفك ُِٓ
حٌـٍّشٚ ،طَط١ذ ػٕخ َٛحٌـٍّش رطَ٠مش ٍّٓ١ش ِٚف١يس.
ػيَ طٛظ١ف حٌَّحىفخص حٌّٕخٓزش ٠:ـذ أْ ّ٠ظٍه حٌّظَؿُ وّ١ش ٟوّش ِٓ حٌَّحىفخص فً ٟحوَطٗٚ ،وٍّخ
ُحىص ٌٖ٘ حٌَّحىفخص وٍّخ أٛزلض ػٍّ ٗ١حٌظَؿّش أٓٚ ،ًٙف ٟكخي ٌُ ّ٠ظٍه حٌّظَؿُ ٌَّحىفخص وخف١ش فبٔٗ
لي ٔ٠ظويَ َِحىفخص ٨طٕخٓذ حٌّؼٕ ٝحٌلم١مٌٍ ٟـٍّش.
حٌوًٍ ف ٟحٓظويحَ ػِ٩خص حٌظَل ٌٍٕٚ ُ١حٌّظَؿُ ٠:ـذ ػٍ ٝحٌّظَؿُ أْ ٠م َٛريٍحٓش و١ف١ش وظخرش ػِ٩خص
حٌظَل١ش ف ٟحٌظَؿّش حٌظ٠ ٟظَؿُ ِٕٙخِ ْ٤ ،ؼٕخ٘خ لي ٠وظٍف رٌ ٓ١غش ٚأهًٌَٚ ،ٜه ٌىٔ٠ ٟظويِٙخ رخٌ٘ىً
حٌٜل١ق ٠ٚظـٕذ ٌ٘ح حٌوطؤ.
ػيَ َِحؿؼش حٌٕ ٚحٌّظَؿُ ٌٍظلمك ِٓ ىلش حٌّؼٕ٠: ٝؼي اّ٘خي حٌَّحؿؼش ِٓ ح٤هطخء حٌ٘خثؼش ف ٟحٌظَؿّش،
ٌٌٌه ٠ـذ ػٍ ٝحٌّظَؿُ أْ ٠ظَن حٌٕ ٚحٌٌ ٞطَؿّٗ ٌفظَس لَ١ٜس ِٓٚ ،ػُ ٠ؼٛى اٌ٠ٚ ٗ١م َٛرظيل١مٗ ٚحٌظؤوي
ِٓ ِٓ٩ش حٌّؼٕ.ٝ
٘ٚىٌح َٔ ٜأْ ٌٍظَؿّش أّ٘١ش وزَ١س فٔ ٟمً حٌؼٍ َٛر ٓ١حٌل٠خٍحصٌ ،ىٓ ٌظى ْٛحٌظَؿّش ٛل١لش ٠ـذ ػٍٝ
حٌّظَؿُ أْ ٠ؼًّ ػٍ ٝطـٕذ ح٤هطخء حٌ٘خثؼش ف ٟحٌظَؿّش ًٜ١ٌ ،رٕ ٚحٌظَؿّش اٌ ٝرَ حِ٤خْ.
ٌٌٌه ٌ٘ح حٔ٨فٛؿَحف١ه حٌظؼٍٍ٠ ّٟ١وٌ ٚه حُ٘ ح٨هطخء ف ٟحٌظَؿّش ٌظظـٕذ حٌٛلٛع رٙخ ِٔظمز٩
ٔٚظَح ١ّ٘٤ش حٌظَؿّش فمي ٚفَٔخ ف ٟأوخى١ّ٠ظٕخ فَ٠مخ حكظَحف١خ ػٍِٔ ٝظ ٜٛػخٌِّٙ ٟظٗ ِٔخػيس حٌّظَؿُ
ػٍ ٝطـٕذ ح٤هطخء حٌ٘خثؼش ف ٟحٌظَؿّش ِٓ ه٩ي طيل١ك حٌٕ ٚحٌٌ٠ ٞظَؿّٗٚ ،وً ِخ ػٍ ٝحٌّظَؿُ فؼٍٗ
حٌظٛحِ ًٛغ فَ٠مٕخ ح٨كظَحف ٟحٌَّّ١ٚ ،ِ١ف أ ٞحٓظفٔخٍ ٌي ٗ٠كٛي ِٟٛٛع طـٕذ ح٤هطخء حٌ٘خثؼش فٟ
حٌظَؿّش ِٓ ه٩ي هيِش حٌظَؿّش حٌؼٍّ١ش ٚح٤وخى١ّ٠ش.
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ش١ حٌؼَرٌٝحٌظَؿّش ا
ش٠ٛهطخء حٌٍغ٤ع حٛ١ٗ ٟأػَ٘خ فٚ
َٟٕٕ٘ كُٛحَ٘ دمحم حٌـ. ى
غ٠ حٌليٟٕ١ىد حٌفٍٔط٤ح/ش١ حٌٍغش حٌؼَرٜٚطو
ىد٤ح/ ش٠ِ١ٍٔـ٦ حٌٍغش حٜٚٓ طو١ِٕٔخؿي أكّي ك.أ
ش١ّ١ٍش حٌظؼ١ٍ١ِٕطمش لٍم/ كشٛؿخِؼش حٌميّ حٌّفظ
ٍِٚو
ػ٘ي،ٚظ٤ٕٔٛ ٖٓ أِِٞو٣ ٝ أ،ٖ٤ٍٓ حُيحٞ رؼِٚـل٣ ٔخٜٓ ٌح حُزلغ ؿخٗزخٛ ٍٝظ٘خ٣
عٞ٤ٗ وق ػ٘ي٣ٝ. حُِـش٢ٛٝ ٔخٜأىحطٝ ٢حُظزخىٍ حُؼوخكٝ خٍحص٠حٍ حُلٞغ ػٖ ك٣حُلي
عٞ٤ٗ َسٛخ ظخٜ٘ٓٝ ،خٜٗطوَِ ٖٓ ٗؤٝ ،خٜظ٤ٔٛأٝ ٔش حُِـش٤ ٖٓ هٚش ط٘ظو٤َ ِٓزٛحٞظ
خٜٗجش أل٣خ رخَُىٜلٛٝ ٠َِ ػٜٗٝ ،جش٣َ حُظَؿٔش حَُى٤ش رظؤػ٤ حُؼَر٢ش ك٣ٞحألهطخء حُِـ
ٖٓ ٔشٜٓ حٗذٞء ؿ٢٠ٕ طَؿٔخص طٌٞإٔ طٝ ،ُ حإلٓخءس ُِـشٖٝٓ حٌُٖٔٔ إٔ طظـخ
٢ش ٖٓ أرَُ حألٓزخد حُظ٤ُؼَ حُظَؿٔش حُلَكٝ. خٜ ٖٓ ُـظٕٙ حالٗظوخٝخس حألٓش ى٤ك
إٔ ال٠ِخس حألٓش ػ٤ ك٢ش حُظَؿٔش ك٤ٔٛ أ٠ُ اٚ٘خ ٗ٘زٛٝ. ع طِي حألهطخءٞ٤ٗ ٠ُ ا١طئى
ش٤ حُؼَر٢ش حُ٘خثؼش ك٣ٞخثلش ٖٓ حألهطخء حُِـ١ ٌح حُزلغ ػ٘يٛ هقٞظ٣ٝ ،خٜء ُِـظ٢ٔط
ـخُ ٓغ٣ء ٖٓ حإل٢٘خ رٜ٘ٓ ًَ ٢هغ حُوطؤ كٝ ق٤ً قٟٞ٣ٝ ،يح٣َ حُظَؿٔش طلي٤رظؤػ
ٖ٤ رخُِـظ،حَُٔحؿغ حُالُٓش ًِٔخ ططِذ حألَٓ ًُيٝ ٍخىُٜٔ ح٠ُِِّ ٖٓ اكخالص ا٣ ٓخ
.ش٣ِ٤ِحإلٗـٝ ش٤حُؼَر
،ٔشٜٓ ش٤و٣ٍ ٓلطش طخ٢ال ك٤ِهق هٞٗظٝ ش حُظَؿٔش٤ٔٛ ٖٓ أٙٗويّ ٌُُي رٔخ َٗحٝ
حالٗوالد٠ُ إٞ إٔ طيػٝىٝ خٜحرظٕٞ إٔ طْٔ ػٝش ى٤ حُؼَر٠ُخ حُظَؿٔش اٜ٤ـض ك٠ٗ
.٢لَُٛٞ ح٤ِٔظـٖ ػٖ حُظل٣ ُْ ٢ؾ حٓظوَحثٜ٘ٔ رًِٚ ًُيٝ. خٜ٤ِػ
عٞهُٞطـ٘ذ حٝ ٍٙس حالٗظزخَٟٝ ٠ُٖ رخُظَؿٔش ا٤ِحُٔ٘ظـٝ ؼخ٤ٔس حٌُظخد ؿٞ ريػ٢ٜ٘ظ٣ٝ
ٖ رؼيٓخ طٔض٤ٔظُٜٔ ح١ي٣ٖ أ٤خ رٜ٘ٓ خثلش١ غ٠ٗٝ. خٜ٘ٓ خ حُ٘خثؼشٜٛٞهٝ حألهطخء٢ك
.خٜلظٜخ ٓؼخُـش ٗؼظوي رٜٓؼخُـظ
Abstract
This research deals with an important field which is neglected by certain
researchers or they don‘t pay much attention to it when taking about culture
exchange and civilization talk and their chief means which is the language. The
research focuses on the presence of certain language mistakes which affect the
language value and significance under the influence of the improper translation
which the researcher insist to call it very bad translation because it might go
beyond mistreating the language itself as it can shed the light on different
important aspects of certain nation without affecting it‘s language negatively.
It is worth to be mentioned that the mechanic translation is the major cause of the
presence of such mistakes, as c consequence, the researchers focus on the
importance of the translation for a nation in the condition that it will not mistreat
the language. The research concentrate on certain limited language mistakes in
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Arabic language as a result of translation and it explains briefly the way the
mistake occurs providing the necessary references when required either in English
or Arabic.
The research deals with the importance of translation in which the researchers
concentrate on a particular historical period when the proper translation into Arabic
flourished without affecting its rules.
That has been achieved through the reading between the lines at the same time not
neglecting the descriptive analytic method.
The research insists upon all writers and those who are specialized in the
translation field to be careful and avoid mistakes in general and particularly those
common ones. The researcher collected the following mistakes in order to be
viewed by those who are interested in this field bearing in mind that those common
mistakes have been handled properly according to the researchers‘ expectations.
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أ: ٨ٚحٌظَؿّش ٚأّ٘١ظٙخ ِٚلخًَ٘٠خ
ٗلظخؽ__________ كً ٢ؼ ٖٓ َ٤حألك٤خٕ اُ ٠حُزلغ ػٖ ػالهش حُِلظش حُؼَر٤ش ٓغ ٓخ ٘٣ظن
ٓؼٜخ ٖٓ أٝ َٛحكئُ ،ؼَكش ػالهش حُِلظش ٓغ ؿَٛ٤خٝ ،حُؼالهش ر ٖ٤ىٝحُٜخ؛ رؼٜ٠خ ٓغ
رؼٌُ ،ٞح كبٗ٘خ ال ٗلخؿؤ اًح ٝؿيٗخ ػالهش ه٣ٞش ر ٖ٤ىٝحٍ حألُلخظ ػ٘يٓخ طظوخٍد ك٢
أُٜٞٛخ حَُٜك٤ش.
كظَؿْ ٍٝؿْ ٝطَؽ ٝطَؿٔخٕ( رلظق حُظخء ٜٟٔٝخ) ،رٜ٘٤خ ًِٜخ ػالهش ٤١ٝيس ،كوي
ٝحُض ٍ ؿٔخٕ :حُٔق َٓ ُِٔخٕ ٝ.ك ٢كي٣غ َّ ؿٔخ ٕ ؿخء كُٔ ٢خٕ حُؼَد" :طَؿْ :حُظَُّ
ْ ٍ ٙهََ :
هخٍ ُُض ٍ ؿٔخٗٚ؛ حُظَؿٔخٕ ،رخُٝ ْ٠حُلظق ٞٛ:حٌَُ٣ ١ض ٍ ِِ ؿْ حٌُالّ أَ٘٣ ١وُِ ٖٓ ٚـش اُ٠
ُـش أُهَٝ ،ٟحُـٔغ حُظََّح ِِ ؿْٝ ،حُظخء ٝحُُ٘ ٕٞحثيطخٕٝ ،هي َِ ص ٍ ؿَٔٝ ٚص ٍ ؿْ ػَ٘ٝ ،ٚص
ٍ ؿٔخٕ
َ
ُٓؼَ حُظًٌَٛ٣ ُْ ٢خ ٓ٤ز ،ٚ٣ٞهخٍ حرٖ ؿ٘: ٢أٓخ َِ ص ٍ ؿٔخٕ كوي كٌ٤ض كٚ٤ ٖٓ ٞٛحٍ
ٓٔخًٌُٕٝ ،ي حُظخء َ
ُِ ص ٍ ؿٔخٕ ر ْ٠أٓٝ ،ُٚٝؼخُ ُِ ٚكغ ُِ ُالٕ ى ػْض ٍكخٕ ٝىف
أَ٠٣خ ك َِ ٖٔ٤كَظلٜخ
ػلَ ألَٗ ٚهي ٣ـٓ ُٞغ حألَُق ٝحُ٘ ٖٓ ٕٞحألَٓؼِش ٓخ ُ أَ٤ِٛشٝ ،إ ُْ ٌٖ٣ك ٢حٌُالّ ٓؼَ ؽ
ػِٞ
ُ ْهٖ ً٣خٕ ٛ ١ ٍ ٝوخٕ ،أَال طَ ٟأَٗ ْ٤ُ ٚك ٢حٌُالّ ُِ ف ْػُ٘لٞحٕ ٝ ُٞالٔٛخ ُْ ٣ـِ ى
ٝال ف ػِ٢
ٝال َِ ف ١ػَ؟" ٝك ٚ٤أ٠٣خ "أٍطؾ حٌُالّ :أ ١حُظزْٝ ،حَُطخؽ ٞٛ:حُزخد حُٔـِنٝ ،حَُٔحطؾ:
ّ ّ :حُوظَٝ ،هي ٍٝى ك ٢حُوَإٓ حَُ ؽ ٢ٛحُطَم حُ٤٠وش ٝ " 1ك ٢حُؼٍ:" ٖ٤ؿْ :حَُ ؽ
َ
ّ ألًٗ ْٜخٗٞح ِاًح هظِٞح حُوظَ ك ٢ؿٟٞٓ َ٤غ ٖٓ ًظخد هللا ػِ ٝؿَِ ٝ ،اٗٔخ هُِ َ٤وظَ ٍ ؽ
ٙرخُلـخٍس كظ٣ ٠وظِ ،ٙٞػْ ه ٌَُ َ٤هظَ ٍ ؽ ٍّ ٚ٘ٓٝ ،ؿْ ٍؽ ِ ال ٍ ٓٞ
حُغ ١رِ ٕ ِِ ٢اًح َُ ٗ٤خ،
ؽ ٍ ؽ ّ ٍ ١ٙ ّ حَُٓ ٢رخُلـخٍس ٝأَ ِٚٛحَُٓ ٢رخُلـخٍس .حرٖ ٓ٤ي: ٙحَُ ؽ
ّ ٍ ٙؿٔخ ،كٜٞ
ّ ٍ ؿِ ٍٝ ّٞؿٝ. 2 ّ ٢ك ٢حُ: "٢٤ٓٞطَؿْ حٌُالّ :رٟٝٝ ٚ٘٤لٗٝ ،ٚوُِ ٖٓ ٚـش اُ ٠أهَ.ٟ
ٝطَؿْ ُلالٕ ًًَ:طَؿٔظٝ. ٚحُظَؿٔخٕ :حُٔظَؿْٝ ،طَؿْ حٌُالّ :رٟٝٝ ٚ٘٤لًٝ ،ٚالّ
ؿٝ ،َٙ٤ػ٘ٗ: ٚوُِ ٖٓ ٚـش اُ ٠أهَُٝ ٟلالٕ ًًَ طَؿٔظ. ٚحُظَؿٔخٕ :حُٔظَؿْ( ؽ)
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1حرٖ ٓ٘ظُٔ: ٍٞخٕ حُؼَد ،رخد حُٔ ،ْ٤ك َٜحُظخءٓ،خىس طَؿْ ٝ.رخد حُـ ْ٤ك َٜحَُحءٓ ،خىس ٍطؾ.
2حُلَح٤ٛي. ١حُوِ َ٤رٖ أكٔي ٓ:ؼـْ حُؼٓ ،ٖ٤خىس ٍؿْ.
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طَحؿْ ٝطَحؿٔش( حُظَؿٔش )طَؿٔش كالٕ َٓ٤طٝ ٚك٤خط (ٚؽ )طَحؿْ ٝ 3.ك ٢حُ٢٤ٓٞ
أ٠٣خ" ٍ:ؿٍٔ: ٚؿٔخ ٍٓخ ٙرخُلـخٍس ٝهظِ ٚرٜخٝ ،كالٗخ ٍٓ:خ ٙرخُللٖ ٖٓ حُوُٝ ٍٞؼ٘ٚ
َ١ٝىٛٝ ٙـَٝ ،ٙك ٢حُظِ٘ َ٣حُؼُِ: (ِ٣جٖ ُْ ط٘ظ ٚألٍؿٔ٘ي )ٝرخُظٖ ٠ٍٓ:رٝ ٚحُوزَ:
ٟٝغ ػِ ٚ٤حَُؿخّ كَٓ ٜٞؿٍٝ ّٞؿٝ... ْ٤حَُؿْ – َٗػخ -:هظَ حُِحٗ٤ٍٓ ٢خ
رخُلـخٍس ٣ٝ.وخٍ :هخٍُ ٚؿٔخ رخُـ٤ذ :ظ٘خ ٖٓ ؿ َ٤ىُٛٝ ،َ٤خٍ كالٕ ٍؿٔخ :ال ٞ٣هق
ػِ ٠كو٤وظٓٝ ،ٚخ َ٣ؿْ ر ٖٓ ٚكـخٍس ٝؿَٛ٤خ( ؽ )ٍؿٝ. ّٞحَُؿْ :حُلـخٍس حُظ٢
طٟٞغ ػِ ٠حُوزٝ ٞحُوزَ ٝحُزجَ ٝحُظ٘ (ٍٞؽ )ٍؿخّ ٝأٍؿخّ. 4
ٌٛٝح َ٤٘٣رٟٞٞف اُ ٠إٔ حُظَؿٔش ال هالف كٓ ٢ؼ٘خٛخ ال هئ٣خ ٝال كي٣ؼخ،
ًٌُي كبٜٗخ ظِض ٓؼَٝكش ػِ ٠حُيٝحّ ػ٘ي حُؼَد رٌٜح حُٔؼ٘ ٠ال ؿ ٞٛٝ َ٤ر٤خٕ ُـش ٓخ
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رِـش أهَٝ ،ٟحُظَؿٔش ٢ٛحُ٘ٔن ٝحُ٘ٔن ٞٛارطخٍ حُ٘٢ء ٝاهخٓش آهَ ٓوخٓٔٓٝ. ٚخ
كخص ٗظزٓ ٖ٤غ ُ َ٤ٛحُوِ٣ٞي ١حُيالالص ح٥ط٤ش :إٔ حُظَؿٔش ال طٌٌ٘ٔٓ ٕٞش اال اًح طٌِْ
حُٔظَؿْ ُـش أهَُ ٟحثيس ػٖ ُـظ ٚحألّ .ػْ إ حُظَؿٔش حُظخٓش حُٜ٘خث٤ش ال ٝؿٞى ُٜخ ألٜٗخ
إ ٝؿيص كبٜٗخ ٓظوظَ حُ٘ٝ ٚحُوَحءس ٝ.حُظَؿٔش ال طٌٔٗ ٕٞوش ٓطخروش أل،ُِٚ٘ َٛ
رَ ٢ٛط٘خٓذ حُلٌَ ٝهض ظٍٜٛٞخ ٝهي ال طالثٔ ٚكٝ ٢هض آهَ ٝ.حُظَؿٔش ُٔ٤ض
طـَرش طٌَحٍ ُأل َٛرَ كًَش ط٤ُٞي حُلٞحٍم ٝاظٜخٍ حُٔوظِق ٝحُٔزخؿض ٝ.حُظَؿٔش
ُٔ٤ض ٓخ ٖٔ٠٣ك٤خس حُ٘ ٚحُٔظَؿْ ٝطيح ُٚٝكلٔذ رَ ٓخ ٖٔ٠٣أ٠٣خ ك٤خس حُِـش
ٝحُلٌَ ٝطيحُٜٔٝخ .كخُظَؿٔش ُٔ٤ض أٓخٍس طزؼ٤ش ٗٝوال ٝؿٔٞىح رَ ػالٓش كًَش ٘ٗٝخ١
ٝك٤خس ٝاريحع ٝ.حُظَؿٔش ُٔ٤ض أىحس ُالٓظؼٔخٍ ٝحُ٘ٔ٤ٜش ٝطَٔ َ٣أٌٗخٍ حَُٜحع رَ
ك٠خء ٓؼخهلش ٝكٞحٍ ٝطوخٛذ ٝكٖٔ ٤ٟخكش ُـ٣ٞش أ٣ ٖ٣وغ حالكظلخٍ رخُـَ٣ذ
ٝحألؿ٘زٝ ٢حُٔـخ َ٣أٔ٣خ حكظلخٍ ٣ٝوغ طٌَٝ ٚٔ٣طزـ٣ٝ ِٚ٤ؼط ُٚ ٠كن حٌُالّ ٝحُٞؿٞى
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ٓ3ـٔغ حُِـش حُؼَر٤ش :حُٔؼـْ حُ ،٢٤ٓٞرخد حُظخءٓ،خىس طَؿْ.
ٗ4لٔ ،ٚرخد حَُحءٓ ،خىس ٍؿْ.
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ٝحُلؼَ ى ٕٝأ ١اهٜخء أ ٝطٔٓٝ. 5 ِ٤٤غ إٔ حُٔؼخؿْ ُْ طَ٘ اُ ٠إٔ حُظلٔ َ٤ىحهَ حُِـش
حُٞحكيس ٣ؼي طَؿٔش اال إٔ رؼ ْٜ٠ػي ٙطَؿٔش ػِ ٠أٓخّ إٔ حُظَؿٔش ُٔ٤ض ٓـَى ٗوَ
ٍٓخُش ًالٓ٤ش ٖٓ ُـش اُ ٠أهَٝ ،ٟاٗٔخ ٌٖٔ٣إٔ طٌ ٕٞطؤٓ ًَ َ٣ٝـٔٞع ىحٍ ىحهَ
حُـٔخػش حُِـ٣ٞش ٗلٜٔخ ٌٖٔ٣ ،إٔ ٗٔ ِ٤أ٠٣خ ر: ٖ٤حُظَؿٔش حُيحهِ٤ش ٢ٛٝحَُ٘ف
ٝحُظلٔ َ٤رخٓظؼٔخٍ حُوخٓٝ ّٞطٔؼَ ٌٙٛحُظخَٛس ؿ َٛٞطلٌَ حُِـش كً ٢حطٜخ ٢ٛٝ
حُظخَٛس حألٓخٓ٤ش حُظ ٢طؼظٔي ػِٜ٤خ أُ ١ـش ُظلون ٗٔٛٞخ ٝططٍٛٞخ ٝطؼظٔي ٌٙٛحُظخَٛس
ػِٓ ٠زيأ ٗ: ٞٛٝ َ٤ٜه ٍٞحألَٓ ٗلٔ ٚرٌَ٘ ٓوظِق ٝ 6.هي هَأٗخ ػِ ٠حُيٝحّ ٗؼَح
ٌٙٛ ًٌَ٣حُظخَٛس ٓٔخ ٣يَُ ػِ ٠أ٤ٔٛظٜخ ك ٢ك٤خط٘خ حُؼَر٤ش هئ٣خ ٝكي٣ؼخ٣ ،وٍٞ
:حُٔظ٘ز7٢
ِ٘غ ِِ د ١١زًخ ف ٟحٌّغخٔ ٟرِّٕي س حٌَر١غ َ َْ حي ُِخ ِِ ْ َِغخٔ ٟحٌ ّ
ٌٚه ْ حٌفظ ٝحٌؼَد ٞفٙ١خ غَ ٞد حٌٛؽ ٖ ٚحٌ ٟى ٚحٌٍٔخ ِِ ْ
ٌٔخٍ ِِرُظَؽ ِخ ِِ ْ
َ ٓخٍ فٙ١خ ٍّٓ١خ ْ َِِ٩ع د ِؿَّٓ س ٌَ ٛ
أِخ ػٓ ريح٠خص حٌظَؿّش فٍ ِٓ ْ١حٌٔ ًٙحٌلي٠غ ػٓ ريح٠ش ٚحٟلش ٌٙخ ػِّٛخ،
وٌٌه حٌظَؿّش ف ٟحٌؼَر١ش١ٓٚ ،ي ٍٚح٘ظّخِٕخ كٛي حٌظَؿّش اٌ ٝحٌؼَر١ش ،حٌظ ٨ ٟطؼَف
ٌٙخ ريح٠ش ِليىس ،فمي ػَف ِظَؿِّ ْٛئ ٌْٛٚف ٟػ َٜحٌفَحػٕش ٚحٌزخرٍ،ٓ١١
ٚحٓظَّص حٌظَؿّش ِغ ّٔ ٛحٌّـظّغ ٚططِٚ ،ٍٖٛغ ظ ٍٛٔ ٍٛٙح ،َ٩ٓ٦اً ح٘ظُ
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ٕ٠5ظَ:حٌوٍ٠ٛي: َ١ُ٘. ٞحٌظَؿّش ٚحٌغ٠َ١ش :كٔٓ حٌ١٠خفش حٌٍغ٠ٛشِٕ ،ظي٠خص ػظ١يس ،ػٍ ٝحٌّٛلغ
(www.atida.org) :حٌ٨ىظَٟٔٚ
6حٌٔخرك.
7 ،حٌزَلٛل. ٟػزي حٌَكّٓ َٗ:ف ىٛ٠حْ حٌّظٕز ،ٟىحٍ حٌىظخد حٌؼَر ،ٟرَٚ١صٌ ،زٕخْ ،ؽ 4،/ 1986
( ٚ384أٟخف حٌ٘خٍف" :حٌظَؿّخْ – ٛ٘ٚحٌٌ٠ ٞفَٔ و َ٩غ َٖ١رٍٔخٔٗ – رفظق حٌظخء 383ٙ -
ّٟٙٚخٚ".أٍٚى لٛي ٔمخىس حٓ٤ي:ٞ
ٍٚ ًِٕٙٚىطٗ حٌظمخ١خ ٌُ أٌك اً ٍٚىطٗ ف ٍح١خ
ا ٨حٌلّخَ حٌٍٛق ٚحٌغطخ١خ فٍ٠ ٓٙغطٓ رٗ اٌغخ١خ
وخٌظَؿّخْ ٌم ٟحٔ٤زخ١خ
212
84
حٌَٓٛي حٌىَ ٍٝٛ – ُ٠هللا ػٍ - ٍُٓٚ ٗ١رّؼَفش طـخٍد ح ُِ٤ح٤هَٚ ٜحٓ٨ظفخىس ِٓ
ِؼخٍفٙخٍٓ ْ٤ٚ ،خٌش ح َ٩ٓ٦وخٔض كي٠ؼش ٚف ٍٛ١ ٟحٍ٨طىخُ فمي وخْ ح٘٨ظّخَ رؤٍِٛ
حٌيٚ ٓ٠حٌظَ٘٠غ ٌٗ أ٠ٌٛٚشٚ ،ح٘٨ظّخَ رخٌظَؿّش ٠ؼي ػخٔ٠ٛخِٚ ،غ ًٌه ٌُ ٠غفٍٗ حٌَٓٛي،
ٚوٌٌه فؼً حٌوٍفخء حٌَحٗي ،ْٚفؼَّ رٓ حٌوطخد – ٍ ٟٟهللا ػٕٗ -أػط ٝأٚحَِٖ
ٌظَؿّش حٌّئٌفخص حٌفخٍٓ١ش فِ ٟـخي طٕظ ُ١حٌيٌٚش ٚحٌمٛحٔٚ ٓ١حٌـزخ٠ش ٗٚئ ْٚح٦ىحٍس
ٚحٌّخي ٨ٛٛٚٚ.اٌ ٝػ َٜحٌل٠خٍس حٌؼَر١ش ح١ِ٩ٓ٦ش ارخْ حُى٘خٍ حٌؼمً حٌؼَرٟ
ح ِٟ٩ٓ٦ف ٟحٌؼ َٜحٌؼزخٓ ،ٟفؼزي حٌٍّه رٓ َِٚحْ حٌٌ ٞكٍَ ح٨لظٜخى ِٓ حٌؼّ٩ص
ح٤ؿٕز١ش ٛٚه حٌيٕ٠خٍ حٌؼَر ،ٟػًّ ػٍ ٝطٕ٘ ٢١كَوش حٌظَؿّش ٚىػّٙخ ٚطٕظّٙ١خ
ٌظًّ٘ ؿّ١غ حٚ ُِ٤حٌؼمخفخص ِٓ ٨طٕٛ٘ٚ ٓ١ى ٚألزخٚ ١أكزخٕ ،ح َِ٤حٌٌ٠ ٞـؼٍٕخ ٔؼيٖ
حٌّئْٓ حٌفؼٌٍٍ ٟظَؿّش اٌ ٝحٌؼَر١ش رٛٛفٙخ كَوش ٚظخَ٘س ٚ.لي رٍغض حٌظَؿّش
ِـي٘خ ف ٟػ٘ َٜخٍ ْٚحٌَٗ١ي ٚحٌّظٛوً ٚحٌّؤِ.ْٛ
ٚف ٟحٌؼٔ َٜفٔٗ ػَفض أّٓخء وؼَ١س ِٓ حٌّظَؿّ ٓ١أرَُُ٘ :ػزي هللا رٓ
حٌّمفغٚ ،ؿٍٛ١ؿ ّٛ١ؿزَحث ً١روظٛ٘١ع ٛ٠ٚكٕخ رٓ ِخٓٛ٠ٚ ٗ٠ٛكٕخ حٌزطَ٠ك( ٌِٝٛ
حٌّؤِٚ) ْٛحٌلـخؽ رٓ ِطَ حٌٍٛحق حٌىٛفٚ ٟلٔطخ رٓ ٌٛلخ حٌزؼٍزىٚ ٟػزي حٌّٔ١ق رٓ
ٔخػّش حٌلّٚ ٟٜكٕ ٓ١رٓ آلخق ٚآلخق رٓ كٕٚ ٓ١ػخرض رٓ لَس حٌلَحٔٚ ٟكزٖ١
رٓ ح٤ػُٔ ِّ ٚظ ٝرٓ ٕٓٚ ْٔٛ٠خْ رٓ ػخرض رٓ لَس ٠ٚل ٝ١رٓ ػيٚ ٞحرٓ ٍُحػش
ٚغ ِٓٚ. َُ٘١أُ٘ ِخ طَؿُ آٌٔحن :وٍٍ١ش ٚىِٕش ِٓ حٌفخٍٓ١ش ٚحٌٕٔي ٕ٘ي ٚوظذ أٍٓطٛ
ٚوظذ حٌّـٔطٚ ٟحٌلىُ حٌٌ٘ز١ش ٌف١ظخغٚ ٍّٚٛؿٍّش ِٕٜفخص أرمَحٚ ١ؿخٌٚ ّٕٛ١وظذ
حٌٔ١خٓش حٌّئ١ش ٤فٚ ْٛ١٩غَ٘١خ.
ٚلي ً٘ذ وؼ َْٚ١اٌ ٝط١ٛٛف حٌؼ٩لش حٌظ ٟلخِض ر ٓ١حٌؼَر١ش ٌٚغخص أهَٜ
آٌٔحن ،فمخٌٛح اْ حٌفٍٔفش حٌؼَر١ش ّ٠ىٓ أْ طمَأ رٛٛفٙخ طَؿّش ٌٍفىَ حٌٔٛ١خِٔ – ٟؼ-٩
ٚاْ حٌفىَ حٌٔٛ١خٔ٠ ٌُ ٟؼي ٠ل١خ ا ٨ف ٟحٌظَؿّخص حٌؼَر١شٚ ،وخْ ٌٍؼَد ف ً٠ػظُ١
ؿيح ف ٟطى ٓ٠ٛحٌظَحع حٌٔٛ١خٟٔ؛ حٌٜل١ق ِٕٗ ٚحٌّٕلٛيٚ ،ف ٟطلم١ك حٌٕٜٙٛ
213
حٌٜل١لش حٌزخل١ش ٌٕخ ِٓ ٌ٘ح حٌظَحع رخٌٍغش حٌٔٛ١خٔ١شٚ ،ف ٟحٓظَىحى ٟٗء ِٓ ٌ٘ح
حٌظَحع. 8
ٚكي٠ؼخ" ظٍض حٌظَؿّش ف ٟػ٩لش طزؼ١ش ِغ حٌزٕ ٝحٌّوظٍفش ٌٍغخصِٚ ،غ حٌٛلخثغ
حٌٕفٔ١ش ٚحٌّؼط١خص ح٨ؿظّخػ١ش ٚحٌٟٛؼ١خص ح٦ػٕ١ش حٌّظ٘ؼزش ٌُٚ ،طل ًٜػٍ ٝكك
حٌّٛحٕ١ش حٌفٍٔف١ش رٛٛفٙخ ِ٘ىٍ ٩حٕ٘خ لخثُ حٌٌحص ٨ري أْ ٠ظيهً حٌفىَ حٌؼٍّٟ
حٌٍغش ٚحٌلم١مش "ٕٓش ٚ ، 1939ػٕيِخ ٚ Urban" :حٌفٍٔفٌ ٟلٍٗ ،ا ٨ػٕيِخ َٔ٘ وظخد
ِٚ9.غ أْ حٌّـخي ٠ ٨ظٔغ ٌَٛي " ١زؼش " 1950 "Britanicaظِ َٙمخي حٌظَؿّش فٟ
طفخٛ٘ٔ ً١ٛء كَوش حٌظَؿّش اٌ ٝحٌؼَر١ش كي٠ؼخ ا ٨أٔٗ ٨ري ِٓ حٌمٛي أْ ريح٠خطٙخ
حٍطزطض رٛؿٛى حٓ٨ظؼّخٍ حٌلي٠غ ػٍ ٝح ٍٝ٤حٌؼَر١ش ،وّخ ػٍّض حٌيٚي حٓ٨ظؼّخٍ٠ش
ػٍ ٝؿؼً حٌيٚي حٌظ ٟأه٠ؼظٙخ طخرؼش ٌٙخ ،وّخ فؼٍض فَٔٔخٚ ،لي حٍطزطض ٌٖ٘ حٌفىَس
رزؼ ٞحٌٌّح٘ذ حٌفىَ٠ش ِٕٙٚخ حٌفَحٔىف١ٔٛش فمي كَٛض فَٔٔخ ػٍ ٝهٍك ػمخفش
فَحٔىف١ٔٛش فِٔ ٟظؼَّحطٙخ طظؤػَ رخٌؼمخفش حٌفَٔٔ١شٚ ،طظزغ ٌٙخ َ١٘٠ٚ ،ى.ػِ حٌيٓ٠
حٌّٕخَٛس اٌ ٝأْ طلٍ١ ً١ز١ؼش حٌفَحٔىف١ٔٛش" ٠لًّ حٌظؼخٌَ١ ِٓ ٟف ٚحٌي١ٔٚش ِٓ
َ١ف آهَ ٚ" 10 .حٔ٦ـٍٓٛىٔ١ٔٛش وٌٌه ٚغَ٘١خ ِّخ هٍك فٔ ٟف ّٛحٌؼَد ِؼٍ ٩ى
فؼً ِؼخوْ ػٍ ٝوً ِخ ؿخء رٗ حٓ٨ظؼّخٍ ،كظ ٌٛ ٝوخْ ٌ٘ح حِّ َِ٤خ ٠ويَ حٌؼمخفش
حٌؼَر١ش ٕٞٙ٠ٚرخٌظزخىي حٌؼمخفٚ ٟكٛحٍ حٌؼمخفخص.
85
ِٚغ حهظ٩ف وؼ ِٓ َ١حٌظَٚف ٚحٌٛلخثغ ريأ حٌ٘ؼ ٍٛرؤّ٘١ش حٌظٛحِ ًٛغ حٌل٠خٍحص
ح٤هَ ،ٜا ٨أْ ٌ٘ح حٌظٛح ًٛظٍض طٕمِ ٜٗمِٛخص ٨ري ِٕٙخٌٌ ،ح ريأٔخ ٔمَأ ٔظخثؾ
_____________________________
ٕ٠8ظَ :ري .ٞٚػزي حٌَكّٓ :حٌفٍٔفش ٚحٌفٓ٩فش ف ٟحٌل٠خٍس حٌؼَر١ش ،ىحٍ حٌّؼخٍف ٌٍطزخػش ٚحٌَٕ٘،
ٓٓٛش ،ط.ْٔٛ
9حٌوٍ٠ٛي: ٞحٌظَؿّش ٚحٌغ٠َ١شٓ ،خرك.
10حٌّٕخَٛس.ى .ػِ حٌي: ٓ٠حٌّؼخلفش ٚحٌٕمي حٌّمخٍْ ،رَٚ١ص ،حٌّئٓٔش حٌؼَر١ش ٌٍيٍحٓخص ٚحٌَٕ٘،
85ٙ ،. 1996
214
ٟؼفٕخ ف ٟطؤػ َ١ح٢هَ ٓ٠ػٍٕ١خ ٚفٕ١خ ،هٜٛٛخ فٌ ٟغظٕخ ،اً رَُص ٌٖ٘ حٌظخَ٘س
ٚأهٌص رخ٨طٔخع ح َِ٤حٌٌ ٞرخص ِٓ حٌ ٍَٞٚ٠حٌٛلٛف ػٕيٖٚ ،حٌظٕزٗ ٤هطخٍٖ.
فى١ف ٕ٠زغ ٟأْ طى ْٛحٌظَؿّش؟ وظذ حٌٍّٛك ٟفِ ٟميِظٗ ٌىظخد" ِٓ حٌمٜخثي
ح٤هَ١س "ٌَٓٛي كِّحطٛف كٛي أٍٓٛد حٌظَؿّش ِخ ٌ: "ٍٟ٠ىً ٌغش أٍٓٛرٙخ ف ٟحٌظؼز،َ١
ّ٠ ٨ٚىٓ ٔمً أٍٓٛد ٌغش اٌ ٝأٍٓٛد ٌغش ،رً حٌّفَ ٝٚأْ طلخفع حٌٍغش ف ٟحٌظَؿّش
ػٍ ٝأٍٓٛرٙخٚ ،أْ ٠مَأ حٌمخٍة حٌظَؿّش ٚوؤّٔٙخ وظزض ف ٟح ًٛ٤رٍغظٌٗ٘ٚ ،ح ألِ ٜٝخ
ط ًٜاٌ ٗ١حٌظَؿّش.
٨أٔىَ أ ْ حٓظزيحي أٍٓٛد رؤٍٓٛد ِخ ٠وَؽ حٌظَؿّش ػٓ حٌٚ ًٛ٤ىّٕٗ ف ٟحٌٛلض
ٔفٔٗ ٛ ّٓ٠٠لش حٌظَؿّش ٚرؼي٘خ ػٓ حٌَوخوش.
ّ٠ٌٚخْ ٛلش حٌظَؿّش ٠مظَف حٌٍّٛك ٟأْ ٍ٠ـؤ حٌّظَؿُ اٌ ٝطَؿّش حٌٕٚ
.ح ٍٟٛ٤طَؿّش أ ٌٝٚكَف١ش ،رؼي ًٌه ٠ؼّي اٌ١ٛ ٝخغش حٌظَؿّش ١ٛخغش أٍٓٛر١ش11
ٚػٍ٠ ٗ١ـّغ ؿّ١غ ِٓ ٠ؼًّ رخٌظَؿّش أ ٌٗ ٚػ٩لش رٙخ ػٍ ٝأٔٗ ٕ٠زغ ٟأْ ٨طىْٛ
حٌظَؿّش ِ١ىخٔ١ى١ش ،أ ٞػيَ لٍذ حٌىٍّخص ٚحٌـًّ ِٓ ٌغش اٌ ٝأهَ ٜكَف١خ ىْٚ
َِحػخس حٌّؼٕ ٝحٌّمٜٛى ،فؼٍٓ ٝز ً١حٌّؼخي ّ٠ىٓ أْ ٠مخي ف ٟحٌٍغش حٔ٦ـٍ٠ِ١ش:
That's just what I needed.
ٚحٌّمٜٛى ٕ٘خ حٌظؼز َ١ػٓ حٓظ١خء حٌ٘وِٛ ِٓ ٚلف كِ ًٜؼٗ رّؼٌٕ٘: (ٝح ِخ وخْ
ٕ٠م٠ ٨ٚ) ٟٕٜـٕ٘ ُٛخ طَؿّش حٌـٍّش د( ٌ٘ح ِخ حكظخؿٗ ّ٠ٚ).ىٓ أ٠٠خ أْ ٠مخي فٟ
حٌٍغش حٔ٦ـٍ٠ِ١ش:
?What's cooking
ٚحٌّمٜٛى رٌٌه:
_____________________________
ٕ٠11ظَٗ.َٜٔ:خَ٘ أكّي ِ:مخي رؼٕٛحْ" أّ٘١ش حٍٛٓ٤د ٚط٩ف ٟح٤هطخء حٌ٘خثؼش ف ٟحٌظَؿّش "١ٛي
حٌفٛحثي ػٍ ٝحٌّٛلغ:
)(http://www.saaid.net/Minute/89.htm
215
?What are you planning secretly
أِ ٞخًح طوطط ْٛر٘ىً َٓٞ؟ ٚحٌوطؤ ٠ىّٓ ف ٟطَؿّش حٌٕ ٚكَف١خ د( ِخًح
ططزوْٛ؟).
ػخٔ١خ ّٔ:خًؽ ِٓ ح٤هطخء حٌٍغ٠ٛش حٌ٘خثؼش
فّ١خ ٠ؤط ٟػٌَّٕ ٝخًؽ ِٓ ح٤هطخء حٌٍغ٠ٛش حٌظٗ ٟخػض رظؤػ َ١حٌظَؿّش اٌ ٝحٌؼَر١ش،
ٚط١ٟٛق ٌىً ِٕٙخ ِّخ ٍٚى ػٕي حٌؼَد ٚفٌ ٟغظٚ ،ُٙطؤِ ً٠ٚخ ٌُ َ٠ى ِٕٙخ ٟ٘ٚ.ػٍٝ
حٌٕل ٛح٢ط:ٟ
86
*حٌف ًٜر ٓ١حٌّ٠خف ٚحٌّ٠خف اٌ ٗ١رّ٠خف آهَ أ ٚأوؼَ:
ًٌٚه ٠ ٨ـ ُٛف ٟحٌؼَر١ش ،رً اْ حٌف ًٜر ٓ١حٌّ٠خف ٚحٌّ٠خف اٌ ٗ١ػِّٛخ ٨
٠:ـ ُٛا ٨ف ٟكخ٨ص٠ ،مٛي حرٓ ِخٌه12
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12حٌفُٛحْ.ػزي هللا رٓ ٛخٌق :ىٌ ً١حٌٔخٌه اٌ ٝأٌف١ش حرٓ ِخٌه ،ؽ 63 ٙ ،/ 1ػٍ ٝحٌّٛلغ
)(www.alfuzan.islamlight.net
ٟٛ٠ٚق حٌ٘خٍف ح َِ٤ػٍ ٝحٌٕل ٛح٢ط ِٓ: "ٟأكىخَ حٟ٦خفش أٔٗ ٠ ٨ـ ُٛحٌف ًٜر ٓ١حٌّ٠خف
ٚحٌّ٠خف اٌ ْ٤. ٗ١حٌّظ٠خ٠ف ٓ١رٌِّٕش حٌىٍّش حٌٛحكيس ًحص حٌـِأ.ٓ٠
غ َ١أْ ٕ٘خن ِٛحٟغ أؿخُ حٌٕلخس حٌف ًٜفٙ١خ ر ٓ١حٌّ٠خف ٚحٌّ٠خف اٌ ٗ١فٓ ٟؼش حٌى–َ٩
حٓظٕخىًح اٌِ ٝخ ٍٚى ف ٟحٌمَآْ ٚو َ٩حٌؼَد – ٚؿٛحُ حٌف ًٜفٙ١خ ف ٟحٌ٘ؼَ ألٕ٘ٚ. ٜٛخن ِٛحٟغ
أهَ٠ ٜـ ُٛحٌف ًٜفٙ١خ ٌٍٍَٚ٠س حٌ٘ؼَ٠ش.
ف١ـ ُٛحٌف ًٜف ٟحٌٕؼَ ف ٟػ٩ع ِٔخثً:
ِٜيٍح ٚحٌّ٠خف اٌ ٗ١فخػٍٗ ٚ.حٌفخ ًٛاِخ ِفؼ ٌٗٛأ ٚظَفٗ.
ً ح: ٌٝٚ٤أْ ٠ى ْٛحٌّ٠خف
حٌّٔؤٌش حٌؼخٔ١ش :أْ ٠ى ْٛحٌّ٠خف ٛٚفًخ ٚحٌّ٠خف اٌِ ٗ١فؼ ٌٗٛحٚ٤ي ٚحٌفخ ًٛاِخ ِفؼٛي حٌؼخٔ ٟأٚ
ظَفٗ.
َ
حٌّٔؤٌش حٌؼخٌؼش :أْ ٠ى ْٛحٌفخ ًٛلْ ًِخ ٔلٚ – ٍ ٕ: ٛهللا – حٌّـخي ِِ ّ ِـخي ّ حٌغ١زش ٚلي كى ٝحٌىٔخث:ٟ
ٌ٘ح غٚ – َ ٩هللا – ُ ٞى.
ٚأِخ ِٛحٟغ حٌف ًٜحٌظ ٟطوظ ٚرخٌ٘ؼَ فّٕٙخ:
-1أْ ٠ى ْٛحٌفخ ًٛر ٓ١حٌّٜخف ٚحٌّ٠خف اٌ ٗ١أؿٕذ ً٠خ ِٓ حٌّ٠خف ٚ.حٌَّحى رخ٤ؿٕزِ ٟؼّٛي غَ١
حٌّ٠خف
-2حٌف ًٜرٕؼض حٌّ٠خف .ومٛي حٌ٘خػَ:
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ٍفًخ أ ِِ َِ ٚظ ػ ٨ ًِ ٛأ ف
د َِ ْ ٔٚ
فغ ي َِخ َِ َ ٖ َِ فَ ٚي َِ٠خ ف ٗذ
ؽ ُ َ َِٚي َ َ ٠غ د
ٔيَح ٚ ذ ٞأ َ ِِ ٚرٓ ع ص أ فَُ ٚي ََٚ ْ ِ ٞ ُ٠حً ٍَ ١ ٝ
حٍح ِِ ٚؿيَح ِرؤؽ َٔ ِ
فمي ٗخع ل ٌُٙٛف ٟحٌؼَر١ش ِؼٓ: "٩خكخص ِٚىخطذ ٚلخػخص حٌـخِؼش "ٌ٘ٚح هطؤ،
فٔخكخص ِ٠خف ٚحٌـخِؼش ِ٠خف اٌِٚ ،ٗ١ىخطذ ِ٠خف آهَٚ ،لخػخص ِ٠خف آهَ
أ٠٠خ ،ف ًٜحٌّ٠خف حٌؼخٔٚ ٟحٌّ٠خف حٌؼخٌغ ر ٓ١حٌّ٠خف ٚحٌّ٠خف اٌ ٨ٚ ،ٗ١طٛؿي
ٕ٘خ ٍَٟٚس ِٓ حٌٍَٚ٠حص حٌظّ٠ ٟىٓ أْ طٔٛؽ ًٌه حٓ٨ظويحٌَٚ ،ظـخٌ٘ ُٚح حٌوطؤ
فخٌٛحؿذ أْ ٔ١٠ف ِ٠خفخ ٚحكيح اٌ ٝحٌّ٠خف اٌٚ ٗ١أْ ٔ١٠ف حٌّ٠خف ح٢هَ اٌٝ
٠ َ١ّٟؼٛى ػٍ ٝحٌّ٠خف اٌ ٗ١حٚ٤ي ٚطؤه ،َٖ١فٕمٛي" ٓ:خكخص حٌـخِؼش ِٚىخطزٙخ
ٚلخػخطٙخ".
٠ ٌُٚمظ َٜح َِ٤ػٍ ٝح٤هطخء حٌظ٠ ٟمغ رٙخ غ َ١حٌٍغٚ ٓ١٠ٛأّخ طـخًٌ ُٚه اٌٝ
حٌٍغٚ ٓ١٠ٛأٓخطٌس حٌٍغشِ ٌٗ ْ١ٌٚ ،خ ٛٔ٠غٗ ،فؤٓظخًس ف ٟحٌٍغش حٌؼَر١ش ف ٟؿخِؼش
حٌى٠ٛض ِؼ ٩طمغ ف ٟحٌوطؤ ٔفٔٗ ػ٩ع َِحص ف ٟحٌّمخٌش ٔفٔٙخ ٟ٘ٚ ،طظليع ػٓ
ح٤هطخء ،ػٕيِخ طمٛي" 13 :اْ حٌلخؿش ِخٓش اٌ ٝطٛؿٚ ٗ١طَٗ١ي حٌؼخٍِ ٓ١ف ٟاًحػش
حٌى٠ٛض حٌّّٔٛػش "ٚفٙ١خ أ٠٠خ" ِ ِٓ:ؼي٠ٌِٚ ٞؼِٚ ٟلٍَِٚ ،ٞميِ ٟحٌزَحِؾ "ٚفٙ١خ
أ٠٠خ" :حٌيٍٚحص حٌظيٍ٠ز١ش حٌظ ٟأػيص ٌظيٍ٠ذ أٍ ٚفغ ِٔظ ٌٖ٘ ٜٛحٌىٛحىٍ "ٚحٌٜل١ق
أْ طمٛي -ػٍ ٝحٌظٛحٌ-: (ٟاْ حٌلخؿش ِخٓش اٌ ٝطٛؿ ٗ١حٌؼخٍِٚ ٓ١طَٗ١يُ٘ فِٓ...- ٟ
ِؼي ٞحٌزَحِؾ ٠ٌِٚؼٙ١خ ِٚلٍَٙ٠خ ِٚميِٙ١خٌ..- ...ظيٍ٠ذ ٌٖ٘ حٌىٛحىٍ أٍ ٚفغ
ِٔظٛح٘خ)..
ٔـٛص ٚلي ر ًَّ حٌَّحى١ٓ ٞفٗ ِٓ حرٓ أر١ٗ ٟن ح٤رخ١ق ١خٌذ
-3حٌف ًٜرخٌٕيحء .ومٛي رـ َ١رٓ أر٤ ٍّٝٓ ٟه ٗ١وؼذ ٠لؼٗ ػٍ ٝح:َ٩ٓ٦
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ٚحٌوً ى فٓ ٟمَ "ِٚ 64 ٙخ ٚفخ ُِ ق وغ د رـِٕ ٍ ِ ٟمٌ ٌه ِٓ طؼـ َِ ً١طٗ ُِ ي َِ وش
__________رؼي٘خ.
13 ،حٌٔزؼخْ.ى:" ،ٍٝ١ٌ.أهطخء حٌٌّ٠ؼِ" ٓ١مخيِ ،ـٍش حٌطٍ١ؼش ،حٍ٤رؼخء 14 ،فزَح ، 2007 ،َ٠ع/ 1762
)( www.AL-Talea.htmػٍ ٝحٌّٛلغ حٌ٨ىظَٟٔٚ
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أِخ ف ٟحٔ٦ـٍ٠ِ١ش فٌٌه ؿخثٌِٚ ،ؼً ٗٛ١ػٗ ف ٟحٌؼَر١ش ؿخء رظؤػ َ١حٌظَؿّش ،ف١م:ٌْٛٛ
University yards, offices and halls.
٠ٚم ٌْٛٛأ٠٠خ:
Programs operators ,broadcasters ,editors and presenters.
َ١ٟ ٨ٚفًٌ ٟه ،ف ٟحٔ٦ـٍ٠ِ١ش.
*حٌظغٍ١ذ ٛ٘ٚ:ف ٟحٌؼَر١ش ٠ؼٕ ٟطمي ُ٠حٌٌّوَ ػٍ ٝحٌّئٔغ ٚحٌؼخلً ػٍ ٝغ َ١حٌؼخلً
ٚطغٍ١زّٙخَ٠ ٌُٚ ،ى غًٌ َ١ه ٨ف ٟحٌمَآْ حٌىَ ٨ٚ ُ٠ف ٟحٌٕٔش حٌٕز٠ٛش ٨ٚف ٟحٌ٘ؼَ
حٌؼَر ٟحٌٌٔ٠ ٞظ٘ٙي رٗ ٚ.لي ٗخع كي٠ؼخ ل١ٓ: "ٌُٙٛيحط ٟآٔٔخطٓ ٟخىط" ٟفٟ
ح٨ؿظّخػخص ٚح٨كظفخ٨ص ِٚخ ِخػٍٙخٚ ،فًٌ ٟه طميٌٍّ ُ٠ئٔغ ػٍ ٝحٌٌّوَ ٌ٘ٚح هطؤ،
ِٓ رخد طمي ِٓٚ "ladies first" َ٠حٌٛحٟق أْ ٌ٘ح ؿخء رظؤػ َ١ل ٌُٙٛف ٟحٔ٦ـٍ٠ِ١ش
حٌَّأس ٚحكظَحِٙخٚ ،ح ٌٝٚ٤ف ٟحٌؼَر١ش أْ ٠مٛي" ٓ:خىط١ٓ ٟيحط...".ٟ
أِخ ف ٟحٔ٦ـٍ٠ِ١ش ف١م:ٌْٛٛ
Ladies and Gentlemen
*طؤه َ١حٌفخػً ٚطمي َٖ١ّٟ ُ٠ػٍٚ: ٗ١حٌ َ١ّ٠ف ٟحٌؼَر١ش ٠ؼٛى ػٌٍِ ٝوٓ ٍٛخرك،
ْ١ٌٚػٍِ ٝخ ٌٓ١وَ ٨كمخ ،ف١م: "ٌْٛٛف ٟكي٠غ ٌٗ ػٓ حٌٕظخفش أٗخى حٌّي َ٠رّٛظفٗ١
ٚؿٛٙىُ٘ "ٌ٘ٚح هطؤ ٚحٌٜٛحد أْ ٔمٛي" :أٗخى حٌّي َ٠رّٛظفٚ ٗ١ؿٛٙىُ٘ ،ف ٟكي٠ؼٗ
ػٓ حٌٕظخفش ".وٌٌه فبْ حٌفخػً ٠ ٨ظميَ ػٍ ٝحٌفؼًٚ ،اًح طميَ ِ َ١ٜ٠زظيأ٠ ،مٛي حرٓ
ِ:خٌه14
ٍ ٍ ّٟٟح ٓضَ َِ ص ِ َ َ
َٚرَغ َى ف ع ي فخػً َِ فب ْ َِ ظَٗ ٍ فٗ ََٚ ٚا ِّ َِ َِ ٨ف
_____________________________
14ىٌ ً١حٌٔخٌهٟٛ٠ٚ 262 . (،ق حٌ٘خٍف ًٌه رم:" ٌٗٛاْ حٌفخػً ٠ظؤهَ ػٓ ٍحفؼٗ ٛ٘ٚ ،حٌفؼً أٚ
٠ ٨ٚـ ُٛطمي ّٗ٠ػٍ ،ٗ١فبْ ليَ ٛخٍ ِزظيأ ٚحٌفؼً رؼيٖ .لي أفٍق حٌّئِٕٗ : ْٛز ٗٙوم ٌٗٛطؼخٌٝ
ففخػً( ٠ؼِٔ َ١ّٟ) ُٜظظَ ،أٚ ٚهللا ٠ؼّٜه ِٓ حٌٕخّ ٍ :حفغ ٌِٔ َ١ّ٠ظظَ .وم ٌٗٛطؼخٌٝ
ٚ 262 . ٙ.اْ أف ى ِٓ حٌَّ٘و ٓ١حٓظـخٍن فؤؿَٖ ٛ :خٍ فخع ًِ ٌ ٨فؼً ِلٌٚف فٔ ٟل ٛل ٌٗٛطؼخٌٝ
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أِخ ف ٟحٔ٦ـٍ٠ِ١ش فّ١ىٓ أْ طى ْٛاكيَ١ ٜق طَؿّش حٌٕ ٚحٌٌّو ٍٛأػ ٖ٩ف ٟػٍٝ
حٌٕل ٛح٢ط:ٟ
In his speech about cleanness, the manager appreciated his
employees and their efforts.
ٚفٌ٘ ٟح كفخظ ػٍ ٝطَط١ذ ِفَىحص حٌـٍّش حٔ٦ـٍ٠ِ١ش طَط١زخ غِٛٔ َ١ؽ ،فّؼ ٩طَؿّش
ِىظزش حٌـخِؼش طؼزَ ف ٟحٔ٦ـٍ٠ِ١ش ػٓ:
University library.
Or
The library of the university.
)ٚ(‗sحٌم١٠ش ٕ٘خ ِظؼٍمش رٕٔزش حٌٟ٘ء ٌٍؼخلً ٚف ٌٖ٘ ٟحٌلخٌش طٔظويَ ف ٟحٔ٦ـٍ٠ِ١ش
)(Apostrophe Sأٞ
88
حٌٍّى١ش ،فؼٍٓ ٝز ً١حٌّؼخي ٔمٛي : sرّؼٓ ِ ٜ
Ahmad's pen.
ِؼخي : of :أِخ ػٕي ٔٔزش حٌٟ٘ء اٌ ٝغ َ١حٌؼخلً ػِّٛخ فٕٔظويَ طؼزَ١
The door of the room.
•حٌؼطف رخٌٛح ٚأ ٚاّ٘خٌٙخ :ىٍؽ حٌّظليػٚ ْٛحٌىظخد ػٍ ٝؿّغ ػيى ِٓ حّٓ٤خء
حٌّؼطٛفش ف ٟؿٍّش ٚحكيس ى ْٚحٓظويحَ كَف حٌؼطف( حٌٛح) ٚأ ٚحٓظويحِٗ لزً
حٌّؼطٛف ح٤ه ،َ١ف١م: "ٌْٛٛىٍٓض لٜش ،ل١ٜيسَِٔ ،ك١ش" أ" ٚىٍٓض لٜش،
ل١ٜيس َِٔٚك١ش "فٔ١ظؼ ْٛ٠١ػٓ حٌٛح ٚرخٌفخٍٛش ٌ٘ٚ.ح أٍٓٛد ٜ٠ ٨ق ف ٟحٌؼَر١ش
ٌّخ ف ِٓ ٗ١فـخؿش ٚػـّش ،كظ ٌٛ ٝوخْ ؿخثِح ف ٟغ َ١حٌؼَر١ش ٚ.حٌٜل١ق أْ ٔمٛي:
"ىٍٓض لٜش ٚل١ٜيس َِٔٚك١ش ٚ".ف ٟحٌّمخٌش حٌٔخرمش ٔفٔٙخ ٍٚىص حٌؼزخٍس" :لَحءس
حٌفمَحص حٌؼمخف١شَ٘ٔ ،حص ح٤هزخٍٚ ،حٌلٛحٍ "ٚ...حٌمٛي حٌٜل١ق ٘: (ٛلَحءس حٌفمَحص
حٌؼمخف١شَ٘ٔٚ ،حص ح٤هزخٍٚ ،حٌلٛحٍ)...
ٚف ٟحٌٍغش حٔ٦ـٍ٠ِ١ش ٠ـ ِْٚ١حٓظويحَ حٌفٍٜش ري ِٓ ٨حٌٛح ٚػٕيِخ طظ ّٓ٠حٌـٍّش ًوَ
أٗ١خء ِظؼيىس ،ف١م:ٌْٛٛ
I read a story, a poem and a play.
Reading cultural programs, newscasts and dialogues.
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*ًوَ حٌفخػً رؼي حٌزٕخء ٌٍّـٛٙي ٠:زٕ ٝحٌفؼً ٌٍّـٛٙي ف ٟحٌؼَر١ش ٓ٤زخد ِؼَٚفش،
أّ٘ٙخ ػيَ ِؼَفش حٌفخػً ،أ ْ٤ ٚحٌفخػً ِؼَٚف رٟٛٛف ،أٌٍ ٚظلم ،َ١أ٠٧ٌ ٚـخُ ،أٚ
ْ٤حٌفخػً ٌ ْ١رٌ ٞأّ٘١ش ،أٌ ٚظؼظ ُ١حٌفخػً ،إٌّٔ ٚخٓزش ِخ طميِٗ ٌٌ 15ح ٕٛ٠د ِفؼٌٗٛ
:ػٓ فخػٍٗ٠ ،مٛي حرٓ ِخٌه16
ٕٛ٠د ِفؼٛي رٗ ػٓ فخػ ًِ فّ١خ ٌٗ وٕ ًَ ١هٔ َ١خث ًِ
ٌٌٖٙٚحٓ٤زخد ٠ ٨ـً ُٛوَ حٌفخػً ِطٍمخ رؼي حٌزٕخء ٌٍّـٛٙي .ا ٨أٔ٠ ُٙم ُِ : " ٌْٛٛن ص د
حٌٕ ِٓ ٚلزً دمحم "ٚحٌٜل١ق أْ ٠مخي " ُِ :ن ص د حٌٕ" ٚأ َِ " ٚوَظذ ِلُ ى حٌٓ ". ٙ
ٌ٘ٚح
ف ٟحٌٍغش )ٔ٠ٚ (Passive voiceظويَ حٌّزٌٍّٕ ٟـٛٙي )٠ (byؼزَ ػٕٗ رخٔ٦ـٍ٠ِ١ش د
حٔ٦ـٍ٠ِ١ش ف ٟحٌلخ٨ص ح٢ط١ش:
-1اًح وخْ حٌفخػً غِ َ١ؼَٚفِ ،ؼخي:
Twenty American soldiers were killed in Iraq.
-2اًح وخْ ح٘ظّخَ حٌّظليع ٚطَو ِٖ١ػٍ ٝحٌّفؼٛي أوؼَ ِٓ حٌفخػً ٔظَح ٌؼيَ أّ٘١ش
حٌّفؼٛيِ ،ؼخي:
The food was brought.
-3اًح وخْ حٌّظليع َ٠ ٨غذ ف ٟو٘ف ٘٠ٛش حٌفخػًِ ،ؼخي:
I was told that Ali is A criminal.
فٙٔ ٟخ٠ش حٌـٍّش اًح أٍىٔخ حٌظؼَ٠ف رخٌفخػًِ ،ؼخي ّ٠ ٚ: Byىٓ اٟخفش
The cat was killed by Ali.
*حٓظويحَ وٍّش( رخٌٕٔزش )حٓظويحِخ هخ١جخ :فّؼٕ ٝحٌٕٔزش :حٌمَحرشٚ ،ف ٟرٕ ٟف:ْ٩
د .حرٓ ٓ١يٖ: َ
د حٌَمَحرخ صٚ ٛ٘ٚ ،حف ى حْٔٔ ٤خ ِ د َْٔ: أٚ. 17 ُِٕٙ ٞف ٟحٌٍٔخْ" :حٌَّْٕ
_____________________________
15وً ٌٖ٘ ح٤غَحِٟٛ ٝلش ف ٟرلؼٕخ( كٕٕ. ٟىُ.حَ٘ :حٌّزٌٍّٕ ٟـٛٙي ف ٟحٌمَآْ حٌىَ – ُ٠رلغ
89
ف ٟحٌٕلٚ ٛحٌيٌ٨ش ِ-ـٍش ؿخِؼش حٌوٌٍٍ ً١زلٛع).
16حرٓ ػمَٗ: ً١ف حرٓ ػم ً١ػٍ ٝأٌف١ش حرٓ ِخٌه ،حٌظلم١ك ٚحٌظؼٍ١ك ٚحٌَ٘ف ي :دمحم ػزي حٌّٕؼُ
هفخؿ ٗ١ٚ ٟدمحم حٌَِِ ،ٟٕ٠حؿؼش ِ:لّٛى أِ ٓ١حٌٕٛح ،ٞٚؽِ ،/ 1طزؼش دمحم ػٍٛ ٟز١ق ٚأ٨ٚىٖ،
285ٙ ، 1961 ،َِٜ.
17حٌ: ٢١ٓٛرخد حٌِٕ ،ْٛخىس ٔٔذ.
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ٙس؛
ً د :حٌَمَحد ُِ س؛ ٚل ٛ٘: ً١ف ٟح٢رخء هخ حٌٓ ٓذ ُِ س ٚحٌٓ ّ د ُِ س ٚحٌَّٓ
ّ ِّ
ٚل: ً١حٌ ِّْٕ د ُِ س ِٜي ٍ
د ٠ى ْٛرخٌ٣رخ ء٠ٚ ،ىِ ْ ٛاٌٝ ح ْ ْ٨طٔخ ِِ د؛ ٚحٌْٕ د ُِ س :ح. َ ّ٨حٌظ٠ٌٙذ :حٌَّْٕ
حٌز٩ى٠ٚ ،ىْٛ
َ َ َ
ف ٟحي ٕٛخػشٚ ،لي ح َ١ ُِ ٝحٌ٘خػَ فؤٓىٓ حٌٔٓ١؛ أٔ٘ي حرٓ ح٤ػَحر:ٟ
ى ػٍ١ه ٠خ ع َ ٍ٠ ،ٚخ حد ْ حَ٤وَْ َ ٓ ْ َِ ٓ٠زخ َِ ،ق ى َِ ٔق د حٌُ ؽ
َِ ْ كزخ" 18
ٚطٔظويَ ػٕي رؼ ُٙ٠رؼ١يح ػٓ ٌ٘ح حٌّؼٕ ،ٝف١م: "ٌْٛٛوخٔض حٌّٛحلف ِظزخٕ٠ش،
فزخٌٕٔزش ٌٍّٛلف حٌفٍٔطٌ٘ٚ..." ٟٕ١ح حٓظويحَ ِوخٌف ٌٍؼَر١شٚ ،حٌٜل١ق أْ ٔمٛي:
"وخٔض حٌّٛحلف ِظزخٕ٠ش ،فخٌّٛلف حٌفٍٔط...".ٟٕ١
ٚػٕي طَؿّش ؿٍّش ِٓ حٔ٦ـٍ٠ِ١ش اٌ ٝحٌؼَر١شِ ،ؼً:
Concerning or regarding the Palestinian point of view
طؼٕ ٟرخٌؼَر١ش فّ١خ ٠ظؼٍك رخٌٟ٘ء فظظُ طَؿّظٙخ regardingإٔ٘ concerning ٚخ وٍّش
رخٌٕٔزش ي ٌ٘ٚح هطؤ أِخ ف ٟحٔ٦ـٍ٠ِ١ش فٛ٠ ٩ؿي ٌ٘ح حٌفَق.
*ح٨رظيحء رخٌٕىَس ِٓ غِٛٔ َ١ؽ :ف١مِّٕٛ "ٌْٛٛع حٌظيهٚ" ٓ١حٌؼزخٍس ِىظٛرش فٟ
ِؼظُ حِ٤خوٓ حٌظ٘ٔ ٟخ٘ي٘خ ف ٟك١خطٕخ ،أ ٚػزخٍس" ِّٕٛع ٍِ ٟحٌٕفخ٠خص "ِٚخ ٗخرٗ ًٌه.
ٚحٌوطؤ فٙ١خ ػيَ ؿٛحُ "ٌ٘ٚ "No Smokingح هطؤ ٔخطؾ ػٓ حٌظَؿّش حٌلَف١ش ٌٍؼزخٍس
ح٨رظيحء رٕىَس ا ٨ف ٟكخ٨ص ِؼَٚفشٌ٘ٚ ،ح حٌّٟٛغ ٌِٕٙ ْ١خ ٚ ، 19حٌٜل١ق أْ ٔمٛي" :
:حٌظيهِّٕٛ ٓ١ع ٚ ".فًٌ ٟه ٠مٛي حرٓ ِخٌه20
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18حٌٍٔخْ :رخد حٌزخء ف ًٜحٌِٕ ،ْٛخىس ٔٔذ.
19كخ٨ص ؿٛحُ ح٨رظيحء رخٌٕىَس ٘:-ٟأْ طىِٛٛٛ ْٛفش ٛٚفخ ٌفظ١خ أ ٚطمي٠َ٠خ أِ ٚؼٕ٠ٛخ -أ ٚأْ
٠ظميَ ػٍٙ١خ هزَ٘خ– أ ٚأْ طى ْٛػخِش – أ ٚأْ طى ْٛفِ ٟؼٕ ٝحٌفؼً – أ ٚأْ طى ْٛػخٍِش ػًّ
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ى َِ ْ ػْٕ َي َُٞ ى َِ ن َ ُِص ف ٖ َِخ َِ ي وَ
َ ُ ح ٨د طيَح ِِرخٌَّٓ َ٠َ ٨ َِ ٚؾ ٚ
َِ ٖ َ
وَح ِِ َ ػْٕيََِ ٔخ
َ حي َْ َ ؿً ٍ ٚ
َ َ ٕخ َ ٌ َِ ي م خَّ ف َِ وُ ِ
ُ فٟ ظَٝ ف َِ ًَْ َ٘ ٚ
َ٠م ًْ َ ذ ٍ ِْ َٚ ْ ِِٞ َ٠ي َ٠ك ّ َِخ َِ ي ػ َّ ٍْ ِ
ٍ ََ ٚ ذ ِ س ف ٟحي َِ هَ ٍِ ٟهٟ َْ ٍَ ٚغ َ
ٚف ٟحٔ٦ـٍ٠ِ١ش ٠م:ٌْٛٛ
No Entrance
ٚطَؿّظٙخ :حٌيهٛي ِّٕٛع ِّٕٛ (ْ١ٌٚع حٌيهٛي)٠ٚ ،م:ٌْٛٛ
No child admission
ٚطَؿّظٙخ :ىهٛي ح١٤فخي ِّٕٛع(ٚ ،ىهٛي )ِؼَفش ٙٔ٤خ ِ٠خف اٌِ ٝؼَفشٌٌ ،ح ؿخُ
أْ طىِ ْٛزظيأ.
حٌظ ٟطف١ي • ) (stillحٓظويحَ( ُ ٨حي )ريِ (ِٓ ٨خ ُحي ٠):ظَؿُ رؼ ُٙ٠وٍّش
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حٓ٨ظَّحٍ٠ش رىٍّش" ُ ٨حي ".ف١مُ٨: "ٌْٛٛحٌض حٌمٕخػش ػٕي حٌٕخّ"٠ٚ ،مُ٨: "ٌْٛٛحٌض
حٍ٢حء ِظزخػيس ٌ٘ٚ".ح حٓظؼّخي هخ١ت ٌىٍّش" ُ ٨حي" ،ف ٟٙطف١ي حٌيػخء ٨حٓ٨ظَّحٍ.
ٜ٠ٚق أْ ٠مخي" ُ ٨:حٌض ح ٍٝ٤ػِِ٠س رؤٍ٘ٙخ" ،ف ٛٙىػخء ٌ ٍٝ٥ريٚحَ حٌؼِ
رؤٍ٘ٙخ .أِخ ِخ ٠ف١ي حٓ٨ظَّحٍ فِ "ٛٙخ ُحي" ،وؤْ ٔمٛي" ِ:خ ُحٌض حٌمٕخػش ػٕي حٌٕخّ"،
ِ "ٚخ ُحٌض ح ٍٝ٤ػِِ٠س رؤٍ٘ٙخ ٚ".وؼَ١ح ِخ ٠وظٍ ٢ح َِ٤ػٍ٠ ِٓ ٝم ِْٛٛرخٌىظخرش
Ahmad :حٌؼَر١ش ،ف١ؤهٌ ْٚرخٓ٨ظؼّخي حٚ٤ي ٌٍيٌ٨ش ػٍ ٝحٌؼخٔ. ٟػٕي طَؿّش ؿٍّش
حٌفؼً – أ ٚأْ طمغ ؿٛحرخ ٌٔئحي – أ ٚأْ طمغ رؼي َ٨ح٨رظيحء – أ ٚأْ طمغ رؼي( اًح )حٌفـخث١ش– أ ٚأْ
طمغ ف ٟؿٍّش حٌؼطف – أ ٚأْ طمغ فٛ ٟيٍ حٌـٍّش حٌلخٌ١ش ٠ٌِّٚ.ي ِٓ حٌظفخٚ ً١ٛحٌَ٘ف حٔظَ( حرٓ
٘٘خَ.ػزي هللا رٓ ٓٛ٠ف :أٟٚق حٌّٔخٌه اٌ ٝأٌف١ش حرٓ ِخٌه ،رَٚ١ص ،ىحٍ اك١خء حٌظَحع حٌؼَر،ٟ
ِٚ 60 ٙ،/ 5١خ رؼي٘خ).َ 1966 ،
. 20حٌفُٛحْ .ػزي هللا رٓ ٛخٌق :ىٌ ً١حٌٔخٌه اٌ ٝأٌف١ش حرٓ ِخٌه ،ؽ 149ٙ ،/ 1
222
٠ـذ أْ ٠مخي( :أكّي ِخ ُحي ١خٌزخ )ٔ ٨ٚمٛي( :حكّي ُ ٨حيis still a student.
١خٌزخ )ٛ٠ ٨ٚؿي ف ٟحٔ٦ـٍ٠ِ١ش ِؼً ٌ٘ح ح٨هظ٩ف.
ىحثّخ :وّخ ف ٟلِّ ٌُٙٛخ ٗخع" وّي" َ٠أ "ٚؤئحي • )" (asحٓظويحَ( حٌىخف )ِمخر ٩ي
أ "ٚوـٛحد"٠ٚ ،مٜي ْٚرٌٌه حٌمٛي" رٛٛفٗ ِيَ٠ح "أ "ٚرٛٛفٗ ٓئح" ٨أ "ٚرٛٛفٗ
ؿٛحرخ"ٌٌ ،ح ٗخع ًٌه ف ٟحٓ٨ظويحِخص وخفش .فٍ ٛلٍٕخ" :طَٜف حٌَؿً وّيٚ" َ٠حٌىخف
طف١ي حٌظ٘زٌٜ ،ٗ١خٍ حٌّؼٕ "ٝطَٜف حٌَؿً طَٜفخ ٘٠زٗ طَٜفخص ِيٌ٘ٚ" َ٠ح غَ١
لٌٕٛخ" طَٜف حٌَؿً رٛٛفٗ ِيَ٠ح".
As a manager of the company, he decided to dismiss the
secretary
طؼٕ ٟرٜفظٗ ِيَ٠ح ف١ـذ طَؿّظٙخ ػٌٍ٘ ٝح حٌٕلٕ٘ٚ. as ٛخ
•طَؿّش كَف١ش ٌىٍّش( ٌؼذ ):ف١مٌ: "ٌْٛٛؼذ ىٍٚح ِّٙخ ف ٟحٌم١٠ش "ٍٚرّخ ؿخُ
ًٌه ٌ ٛوخْ فِ ٟزخٍحس وَس ليَ ِؼٌٚ ،٩ىٓ ف ٟل١٠ش فٌٌه هطؤٚ ،حٌٜل١ق أْ ٠مخي:
"وخْ ىِّٙ ٍٖٚخ "أ ٚؿٔي ىٍٚح ِّٙخ ،أٗ ٚىً أِ ٚخٍّٚ ،وٍٙخ ألَد اٌ ٝحٌّؼٕٝ
حٌَّحى ْ٤حٌٍؼذ ف ٟحٌؼَر١ش ٟي( حٌـي )٠مٛي حرٓ ِٕظ ٍٛف ٟحٌٍٔخْ" ٌ:ؼذ :حٌ ًَّ ع د
ًْ ٠ع د َِ ٌغ رخ ً َٚي ػزًخَٚ ،ي ع د، ٚحٌ ًَّ ع د ٝ:ى حي ِِ ؽ ىٌ َِ ،غ د
ُ
َ ٍس رؼي أهَٜ؛ َٚط ٩ع دَٚ ،طًَ ػذ
لخي حَِ ُإ حٌم:ْ١
َ َ
ػذ رخع ِ ع د ً َ س هخي ىٚ ،أ ٚى ٜع ٛخ َ ف ٟحي ُِ هط ِِ ٛد حٚ٤حثً َ َِ طًَ
ؽ َ ْ
ٚف ٟكي٠غ َِ طّٚ ُ١حي ؽ ٓخ ٓش ٛ:خ ىْفٕخ حٌزلَ ك ٓ١حؽَِ طٍَُ ،فٍغ د رٕخ حٌُ ٚ
َٗٙح؛ ّ ِٝ ً
َ
حٟطَحد حي َ ٚؽ َِ ي ػزًخٌّ ،خ ٌُ َٓ ٞر ُٙاٌِ ٝحٌ ٛؿٗ حٌٌ ٞأٍحى٠ٚ. ٖٚمخي ٌىً ِٓ
د ٚ.ف ٟكي٠غ حٓ٨ظٕـخ ء :اِْ ع َ َي ػُ ًِ ٞ ٨ ٨ؿي ٞػٍْ َٔ ٗ١فؼًخ :أِّخ أَْ َِ ص ٨ع
حٌ٘١طخ ْ
ٙى٘خ رخَ ٤ َ َ
ًْ ٠ع د رّمخ ع ى رٕ ٟآىَ أ ٞحٔٗ ٠ق َٟأِىٕش حٓ٨ظٕـخ ء ٍ ٞٚ
َِ ًٚ ٜحٌفٔخىَٙٔ٤ ،خ
ٓظَ٘خ
ْ ٍ فٙ١خ ًوَ ّلّلاُٚ ،ص ِْ ن َِ ٗف فٙ١خ حٌؼٍٛح ُِ ص ،فؤَُ ٍ د ِٛحٟغ ٗ٠ؽ
ٚحِ٨ظٕخع ِٓ
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د
ٍٗخٕ حٌزٛيٚ ،وً ًٌه ِٓ َِ ٌغ ِ د حٌَ٠خف ٚ َٛحٌٕخظَ٘ َٚ ٓ٠خ ٍ ٝي د ع حٌضَّ
91
.حٌ٘١طخْ" 21
ُ٘ٚف ٟحٔ٦ـٍ٠ِ١ش ٠م:ٌْٛٛ
He played a prominent role in the debate
ٚطَؿّظٙخ( :وخْ ىِّٙ ٍٖٚخ ف ٟحٌٕمخٕ )ٌ (ْ١ٌٚؼذ ىٍٚح ِّٙخ ف ٟحٌٕمخٕ)
•حٓظويحَ ريحثً ػٓ حٌّفؼٛي حٌّطٍك :فزؼ ٞحٌّظَؿّ٠ ٨ ٓ١لٕٔ ْٛطَؿّش رؼٞ
حٌّؼخٔ ٟاٌ ٝحٌؼَر١ش ٠ ٨ ُٙٔ٤لٕٔ ْٛحٓظويحَ حٌّفؼٛي حٌّطٍك ػٕيِخ ٠ىٚ ْٛؿٛد
حٓظويحِٗ ،أ ٚأف١ٍ٠ش ًٌهٌ٘٠ٚ ،ز ْٛاٌ ٝحٌظَؿّش حٌلَف١ش ،ف١مِ ٌْٛٛؼ: "٩طليع ػٍٝ
ٔلٚ ٛحٟق "فٔ١ظويِ (ْٛػٍٔ ٝق ِ ) ٚري ِٓ ٨حٌّفؼٛي حٌّطٍك ٌٍفؼً( طليع )ٚحٌٝٚ٤
ٚحٛ٤ق أْ ٠مٌٛٛح" :طليع كي٠ؼخ ٚحٟلخ"٠ٚ ،م: "ٌْٛٛظ َٙر٘ىً كٔٓ "ٚحٛ٤ق أْ
٠مخي" :ظ َٙظٍٛٙح كٕٔخ"ِ ٌٖ٘ٚ ،ظؼٍمش رخٌظَؿّش حٌلَف١ش :ْ٤
His speech was clear.
ِؼٕخ٘خ :طليع كي٠ؼخ ٚحٟلخ: ْ١ٌٚ ،طليع ػٍٔ ٝلٚ ٛحٟق ِٚ.ؼٕ:ٝ
He looked smart.
ظ َٙظٍٛٙح كٕٔخ: ْ١ٌٚ ،ظ َٙر٘ىً كٔٓ.
ِِرىٍّش( ٟي )ىحثّخ ٌ٘ٚح غ َ١ىل١ك ،فؼٕيِخ ٠م ٌْٛٛف (against) • ٟطَؿّش وٍّش
طظَؿُ( كخٍد (He struggled against the Israeli occupation.) :حٔ٦ـٍ٠ِ١ش
ٟي ح٨كظ٩ي حَٓ٦حثٌ٘ٚ) ٍٟ١ح حٌّؼٕ ٝحٌلَفٌٍ ٟـٍّش حٔ٦ـٍ٠ِ١شِٚ ،ؼٕخٖ ف ٟحٌؼَر١ش
أٔٗ ٚلف ف ٟؿزٙش أ ٚفَلش أ ٚؿٙش أهَ ٜغ َ١حٌّؼخى٠ش ٌ٩كظ٩يٌ٘ٚ ،ح ِوخٌف
ٌٍّؼٕ ٝحٌَّحىٚ ،حٌٜل١ق أْ ٠مخي" :كخٍد ح٨كظ٩ي "أ ٓٗ "ٚكَرخ ػٍ ٝح٨كظ٩ي"،
)ٚ(Children should be vaccinated against flowأِؼٍظٙخ وؼَ١س؛ ف١ظَؿّْٛ
(٠ـذ طٍم١ق ح١٤فخي ٟي حٌَٗق )ٚحٌٜل١ق أْ طظَؿُ" ٠:ـذ طٍم١ق ح١٤فخي ِٓ
حٌَٗق "٠ٚظَؿّْٛ
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21حٌٍٔخْ ،رخد حٌزخء ،ف ًٜحٌِ ،َ٩خىس ٌؼذ.
224
(The occupation court passed a sentence against the Palestinians
)rebels.
(أٛيٍص ِلىّش ح٨كظ٩ي كىّخ ٟي ِٕخ ٓ١ٍٟفٍٔطٚ) ٓ١١ٕ١حٌٜل١ق" :أٛيٍص
ِلىّش ح٨كظ٩ي كىّخ رلك(أ ٚػٍِٕ) ٝخ ٓ١ٍٟفٍٔط".ٓ١١ٕ١
ِِرىٍّش( ٠غط) ٟىحثّخٌ٘ٚ ،ح ٠ ٨ئى ٞحٌّؼٕ ٝحٌٜل١ق ف (cover) • ٟطَؿّش وٍّش
حٌؼَر١ش ،ف١م: "ٌْٛٛغطَِ ٝحٍٕٓخ حٌٜلف ٟح٤كيحع ح٤هَ١س ف ٟحٌؼَحق " ٨ٚطؼطٟ
وٍّش غط ٝحٌيٌ٨ش حٌٜل١لش ٌٍّؼٕ ٝحٌَّحى ،ف ٩طٛؿي ػ٩لش ر ٓ١حٌظغط١ش ٚرٓ١
ح٤هزخٍٚ ،حٌٜل١ق أْ ٠مخي" ٌ٘:ح ٔمً ِزخَٗ ٌ٥كيحع ف ٟحٌؼَحق ِزخَٗس "طَؿّش ي:
This is a live coverage of the incidents in Iraq.
ٚأْ ٠ظَؿُ ل:ٌُٙٛ
PBC news reporter covered The Israeli massacres in Jenin Camp.
حٌٌّحرق حَٓ٦حث١ٍ١ش فِ ٟو ُ١ؿٕ. BBC ٓ١د ٔ:مً َِحًٓ
ف ٟحٌّؼخي حٚ٤ي ػٍ ٝأٔٙخ طغط١ش ٚأ٠٠خ وٍّش coverageف٠ ٩ـ ُٛطَؿّش وٍّش
ف ٟحٌّؼخي حٌؼخٔ ٟػٍ ٝأٔٙخ غطَِ ٝحٍٕٓخ. covered
•اّ٘خي حٌفَق ر ٓ١ح٤فؼخي حٌؼَر١ش ٚحٔ٦ـٍ٠ِ١ش ِٓ ك١غ حٌٍِٚ َٚحٌظؼي: ٞفزؼٞ
92
ح٤فؼخي ف ٟحٔ٦ـٍ٠ِ١ش ِظؼي٠ش ٚف ٟحٌؼَر١ش ُِ٨ش( أٍِِٙ٠ ٞخ ِفؼٛي رٗ)ِٚ ،ؼخٌٙخ
حٌٌ٠ ٞؼٕ ،)ًٛٚ (ٟف١م ٌْٛٛف ٟحٔ٦ـٍ٠ِ١ش): (reach
UN Secretary General reached Palestine today in the morning.
٠ٚظَؿّٙٔٛخ ف ٟحٌؼَر١ش" ًٛٚ:فٍٔط ٓ١ح ٓ١ِ٤حٌؼخَ ٌ ُِ٥حٌّظليس ٛزخف ٌ٘ح حٌ"َٛ١
ٚحٌٜل١ق حٌمٛي" ًٛٚ:ح ٓ١ِ٤حٌؼخَ ٌ ُِ٥حٌّظليس اٌ ٝفٍٔطٛ ٓ١زخف ٌ٘ح حٌ".َٛ١
ًٛٚ ْ٤فؼً ٠ ٨ َُ٨لظخؽ اٌِ ٝفؼٛي رٗ ٚأّخ ٠لظخؽ اٌ ٝكَف ؿَ .رّخ أْ
رّؼٕ٠ ٨ ًٛٚ ٝؤهٌ كَف ؿَ فظظُ طَؿّظٗ رخٌوطؤ وّخ ف ٟحٌـٍّش reachحٌفؼً
حٌٔخرمش ًٛٚ:فٍٔط ٓ١ري ًٛٚ ِٓ ٨اٌ ٝفٍٔط.ٓ١
225
رىٍّش( ػزَ ):ف١م: "ٌْٛٛػزَ أؿِٙس ح٨طٜخي "ٚحٌٜل١ق أْ ٠مخي * ): (viaطَؿّش
"رؤؿِٙس ح٨طٜخي" ،أ "ٚرٛحٓطش ح٨طٜخي" ْ٤ ،ػزَ طؼٕ: "ٟحي ع د ِِ ٍ ٛ٘ٚ ،ؿخْ د حٌٕ،َٙ
ٍ حٌٛحى ٚ ٞع د ٍٖ ٗ:خ١جٗ ٔٚخك١ظٗ؛ لخي حٌٕخرغش حٌٌر١خّٔ٠ ٟيف حٌٕؼّخْ: ٚع د
ِٚخ حٌُفَح ُِ ص ِاًح ؿخ َِ ٗض َِ غٛح ِِ ٍد ٖ ،ص ٍِ ٟأَٚح ً ٗ٠حي ع د ٍ ْ ِِ ٞرخي
ُ د ى
َ َ
٠ٚمخي :ف ْ٩فًٌ ٟه حي ػزَ أ ٞفًٌ ٟه حٌـخٔذ ٚ.ع د ٍص حٌٕٗ ٍ ٚحٌطَ٠ك أ ع رَٖ
رَح
ع ً
ػزٍٛح اًِح لطؼظٗ ِٓ ٌ٘ح حي ع رَ اًٌٌِ ٝه حي ػزَ ٌ٘ٚ" 22ح ٟٛ٠ق ػيَ ٚؿٛى ػ٩لش رٓ١ ً ٚ
حٌّؼٕ ٝحٌَّحى ٚىٌ٨ش حٌىٍّش.
I traveled to Egypt via Rafah.
ٚفمخ أٚ ٚفخلخ أِ ٚطخرمش * )) (accordingطَؿّش رىٍّش( ١زمخ )ىحثّخ ٠ٚ:مٜيْٚ
ٚفك ف٠ ُٙم١: "ٌْٛٛزمخ ٌٛوخ٨ص حٔ٤زخء ،طُ ح٨طفخق رٚ...." ٓ١حٌٜل١ق أْ ٠مخي
ٚوخ٨ص "ّ٠ٚ....ىٓ حٌظؼز َ١ػٓ حٌّؼٕٔ ٝفٔٗ رؤٓخٌ١ذ ِظؼيىس ِؼً" ً:وَص ٚوخ٨ص
ق ٖ ِطخد ق ًِ س ١ٚرخلًخ َٚ .ططخد َِ ق حٔ٤زخء أْ حطفخلخ طُ رٚ..." ٓ١ف ٟحٌٍٔخْ" ١:خد َ
حٌ٘١ج َخْ:
طٔخ ٠ٚخ ٚ.حٌُ ١خد ق ُِ س :حي ِٛحَفمش ٚ.حٌظَّطخ رك :ح٨طفخق ١ٚ.خد قْ ُِ ص ر ٓ١حٌ٘١ج ٓ١اًِح
ؿؼٍظّٙخ ػٍٝ
ق ٖٚ ف ُِ ق ٌ٘ح ٚ ِِ ٚفخُلٗ ١ ٚزخُلٗ ١ٚخد ُ َ
ف ِْ ًٚ ٚحكي ٚأٌِلظّٙخ ٌ٘ٚ.ح حٌٟ٘ء ْ ٚ
١رُمٗ ١ِ َِ ٚزُ١مٗ
١ِ ِْ َ ٚزُمٗ ٚلخَي رٗ ٚلخ ِي رٗ رّؼٕٚ ٝحكي ِٕٗٚ.لٚ: ٌُٙٛحَف َِ ق َٗٓ َِ ١رَمٗ ١ٚ.خد َِ ق
ر ٓ١لّ.ٓ١ٜ١
َِ ٌزِْ أَكيّ٘خ ػٍ ٝح٢هَ ٚ.حٌّٔٛح ُِ ص حٌ ِطزخ ُِ ق ١ّٓ:ض رٌٌه ي ِطخ رمش رؼٙ٠خ رؼً٠خ أٞ
َ ّ
.رؼٙ٠خ فٛق رؼ" 23ٞ
According to the news agencies.
ػٍ ٝأٔٙخ ٚفك ١ ْ١ٌ ٚزمخ ٕ٘ Accordingخ ٠ـذ طَؿّش وٍّش
رىٍّش( ٨غ١خ ):فف (cancel) ٟأِخ ف ٟحٔ٦ـٍ٠ِ١ش فٛ٠ ٩ؿي ٌزْ ف ٟحٌّؼٕ.* ٝطَؿّش
ل: "ٌُٙٛػي حٌطَفخْ ح٨طفخق ٨غ١خ "هطؤ ف ٟحٓظويحَ وٍّش ٨غ ٟحٌظ ٟ٘ ٟحُٓ فخػً ِٓ
حٌفؼً ٌغخٍ٠ ،غ ،ٛأ ٞوؼَ و ،ِٗ٩فٜ١زق ِؼٕ٨ (ٝغ) ٟوؼ َ١حٌىٌ٘ ْ١ٌٚ. َ٩ح ٘ٛ
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22حٌٍٔخْ ،رخد حٌَحء ف ًٜحٌؼِ ،ٓ١خىس ػزَ.
23حٌٍٔخْ :رخد حٌمخف ف ًٜحٌطخءِ ،خىس ١زك.
93
226
حٌّمٜٛى رخٌؼزخٍسٚ ،حٌٜل١ق أْ ٠مخي" :ػي حٌطَفخْ ح٨طفخق ٍِغ١خ "ٍِ(ٚغ ٟ٘) ٟحُٓ
حٌفخػً ِٓ حٌفؼً ٌغٍ٠ ٝغ ،ٟأ ٞأرطً أَِح ٓخرمخٌ٘ٚ ،ح ٘ ٛحٌّمٜٛى ٚ.حٌظٕز ٌٗ ٗ١رٔزذ
وؼَس ٗٛ١ػٗ ى ْٚحٔ٨ظزخٖ اٌ ٝحٌوطؤ حٌٌٚ ٞلغ ف.ٗ١
The accord is considered cancelled
حػظزَ ح٨طفخق ٍِغ١خ ْ١ٌٚحػظزَ ح٨طفخق ٨غ١خ *حٌوٍ ٢ر ٓ١كَف ٟحٌـَ( اٌ(ٚ) ٝحٌ)َ٩
فف ٟحٌؼَر١ش ٌىً كَف ِٓ كَٚف حٌـَ ِؼٕ ٝهخ ٌٛٚ ،ٙوخٔض ) :(toػٕي طَؿّش
ِؼخٔٙ١خ ِظطخرمش ٌّخ حكظـٕخ٘خ وٍٙخ ،فّٓ أِٗ َٙؼخٔ ٟكَف حٌـَ( اٌ) ٝحٔظٙخء حٌغخ٠ش
" 24 َِٜٝٓ حٌ َّْ ِِ ؽ ى حٌ َل ََح ِِ َ ِاٌ ٝحٌ َّْ ِِ ؽ ى حَ٤ل َ حٌّىخٔ١ش ِٕٗٚ ،ل ٌٗٛطؼخٌٝ
ٚحٌِِخٔ١ش ِٕٗٚ
ل ٌٗٛطؼخٌُِ : "ٝػُ أ َ طّٛح حي ١َ ٛخ ََ ِاٌ ٝحٌٍٚ ،" 25 ًِ ١حٌَّحى رخٔظٙخء حٌغخ٠ش :أْ حٌّؼٕ ٝلزٍٙخ
ٕ٠مطغ ٕ٠ٚظ ٟٙر ٌٗٛٛٛاٌ ٝحٌّـَ ٍٚرؼي٘خ.
ٚأِخ" حٌ": َ٩ف ٛٙكَف ؿَ ٠ى ْٛأً٠ ًٛخ ٚلي ٠ىُ ْٛحثيًح ِ ٌٗٚؼخْ وؼَ١س ِٕٙخ:
•حٔظٙخء حٌغخ٠ش :فظىِ ْٛؼً( اٌٌ٘ٚ). ٝح حٌّؼٕ ٝلٍ ِٕٗٚ ً١ل ٌٗٛطؼخٌ: "ٝو ًّ َ٠ؾ ِِ ٍٞ
٤ؿً ِْ ِ".ٝ
•حٌٍّه ٚ:طمغ – غخٌزًخ – رً ٓ١حط ٓ١حٌؼخٔ١ش ِّٕٙخ طٍّه ٌ٘ٚ.ح ٘ ٛأوؼَ ِؼخٔٙ١خ ٔل:ٛ
حٌىظخد ٌوخٌي ،لخي طؼخٌ: "ٝللِ َ ي ن حي ّٓٛح ص ٚح".ٝ ِِ ٍ٤
•ٗزٗ حٌٍّه ٠ٚ.ؼزَ ػٕٗ رخ٨هظٜخ ٛ٘ٚ. ٙأْ ٠ىِ ْٛيهٛي حٌٍّ٠ ٨ َ٩ه ٔل:ٛ
حٌزخد ٌٍيحٍ.
ِؼٕٚ ٝاْ وخْ
ً •حٌظؼي٠ش اٌ ٝحٌّفؼٛي رٗ :ف١ىِ ْٛخ رؼي٘خ ف ٟكىُ حٌّفؼٛي رٗ
ِـٍَٚح ٔلِ. ٛخ أف د ١خي د حٌؼٍُ ٌٍطزخػش حٌـ١يس ِٓ حٌىظذ. ً
•حٌظؼٍ: ً١اًح وخْ ِخ رؼي٘خ ػٍش ٌّخ لزٍٙخ ٔلٍ١: ٛذ حٌؼٍُ ٌَ ٍَٟٞٚفغ حٌـ.ًٙ
ٌٖ٘ٚحٌّؼخٔ ٟحٌؤّش ًوَ٘خ حرٓ ِخٌه – ٍكّٗ هللا ٚ -. " 26ف ٟحٌّؼٕ ٝحٚ٤ي ِخ
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. 24حَٓ٦حء ،آ٠ش: 1
. 25حٌزمَس ،آ٠ش: 187
. 26حٌفُٛحْ ،ىٌ ً١حٌٔخٌهٓ ،خرك 10ٙ ،
227
ُ٘ٛ٠رظ٘خرٗ ِؼٕ ٝحٌٚ َ٩اٌٌ ،ٝىٕٗ ٟٚق ًٌه رمٌ٘ٚ (ٌٗٛح حٌّؼٕ ٝلٍَٟٚ) ً١د ٌٗ
ِؼ ٩ح٠٢ش.
أِخ حٌٌ٠ ٓ٠ظ ّْٛ٘ٛف١وٍط ْٛر ٓ١حٌّؼٕ ،ٓ١١ف١مِ ٌْٛٛؼٍّٓ: "٩ض حٌىظخد اٌ ٝحٌطخٌذ"
ٌ٘ٚح غٛ َ١ل١قٛٛٚ ،حرٗ حٌمٛي" ٍّٓ:ض حٌىظخد ٌٍطخٌذ " ْ٤حٌىظخد ٟٓٛ١غ طلض
طَٜفٗٚ ،وؤٔٗ ٍِه ٌٗ٠ ٌُٚ ،ىٓ حٌغَٓ ٝفَ حٌٍّف ِٓ ِىخْ اٌ ٝآهَ ٠ٚ.مٌْٛٛ
أ٠٠خ" ٓ:خفَص ٌٍ٥ىْ "ٌ٘ٚح غٛ َ١ل١ق ٛٛٚحرٗ أْ ٠مخي" ٓ:خفَص اٌ ٝحٍ٤ىْ "ْ٤
(إٌ٘) ٝخ طليى حٔظٙخء حٌغخ٠ش حٌّىخٔ١ش.
I gave the book to the student.
أػط١ض حٌىظخد ٌٍطخٌذ: ْ١ٌٚ ،أػط١ض حٌىظخد اٌ ٝحٌطخٌذ
*حَٛ٦حٍ ػٍ ٝطَؿّش حٌّٜطٍق حٔ٦ـٍ ِٞ١رىٍّش ٚحكيس ف ٟحٌؼَر١ش :كظٌُ ٌٛ ٝ
اً ) (privatizationطىٓ طٍه حٌىٍّش لي أػطض حٌّؼٕ ٝحٌَّحى ريلش ِؼً حٌّٜطٍق
ٟٚؼض ٌٗ طَؿّخص وؼَ١س ِؼً( حٌوٜوٜش )(ٚحٌظو(ٚ) ٚ١ٜحٌظو١ٜٜش )ٌٖ٘ٚ
طَؿّخص غ َ١ىل١مشًٌ ،ه أْ حٌٍغش حٔ٦ـٍ٠ِ١ش طّ ً١ىحثّخ ٓ٨ظويحَ حٌِٚحثي ٚحٌٍٛحكك
94
كظ ٝطظُ ِٛحءِش حٓظويحِٙخ فِٛ ٟلؼٙخ ِٓ( ( ) (affixesف ٟريح٠ش حٌىٍّش أ ٚفٙٔ ٟخ٠ظٙخ
حٌـٍّش ٌٌٌٚ.ه ف ٟٙطؼظزَ أوؼَ ِٓ وٍّش ٚحكيسٚ ،اْ ريص ف ٟظخَ٘٘خ وٍّش ٚحكيس،
ٕ٘ ِٓٚخ ف ٩ىحػَٛ٧ٌ ٟحٍ ػٍ ٝطَؿّظٙخ رىٍّش ٚحكيس َِحىفش ف ٟحٌٍغش حٌؼَر١ش.
ّ٠ٚىٓ طَؿّظٙخ د( حٌظلٛي ٌٍمطخع حٌوخ) ٙوّخ ّ٠ىٓ أْ ٔظَؿُ وٍّش
د( ططز١ك حٌَ٘٠ؼش ح١ِ٩ٓ٦ش)(Islamization)،
طظَؿُ ٌٖ٘ حٌىٍّش د :ػٌّٛش)(Globalization
ٚحٌٜل١ق أٔٙخ :ػ َٜحٌؼٌّٛش
ٚحٌِٚحثي ف ٟحٌٍغش حٔ٦ـٍ٠ِ١ش ٘ ٟىهٛي ِـّٛػش ِٓ ح٤كَف اِخ ف ٟريح٠ش حٌىٍّش
ٚوّ٘٩خ ٠ئػَ ػٍ ٝحٌىٍّش رل١غ suffixesأٙٔ ٚخ٠ظٙخ ٚطّٔٚ prefixes ٝطّٔٝ
حٔٗ ٠ؼطٙ١خ حٌّؼٕ ٝحٌّٕخل ٞأ٠ ٚغَ اػَحرٙخ أ ٚح٨ػِٕ ٓ١ؼخ.
228
ِ:ؼخي27
prefixغٛ َ١ل١ق ٛ incorrectل١قcorrect
ٛsuffixفش ٚطؼِٕ ٟف١ي useful useفؼً رّؼٕٔ٠ ٝظؼًّ
*هٍ ٢ف ٟرؼ ٞحٌّفخ٘: ُ١فخٌغَد ٠َ٠ي ْٚطَ٠ٚؾ ِٜطٍلخص ٛ١ٗٚػٙخ ػٕي
حٌظَؿّش ،ح َِ٤حٌٌ٠ ٨ ٞظٕزٗ ٌٗ وؼ ِٓ َ١حٌّظَؿّ ،ٓ١فخٌغَد ٠م ٌْٛٛػٕي ٛٚف
ٌ٘ٚح (Israel and the Palestinians) :حٌَٜحع ر ٓ١حٌفٍٔطٚ ٓ١١ٕ١حَٓ٦حثٓ١١ٍ١
ِؼٕخٖ( آَحثٚ ً١حٌفٍٔط) ْٛ١ٕ١أ٠َ٠ ٞي ْٚأْ ٔ٠ظمَ ف ًٓ٘ ٟحٌمخٍة أْ آَحثٟ٘ ً١
ىٌٚش ٌٙخ و١خْ لخثُٚ ،أِخ حٌفٍٔط ْٛ١ٕ١ف ُٙأفَحى ر ٩ىٌٚش ٌٌٚ.ح فبْ ػٍٕ١خ كٔ ٓ١ظَؿُ أْ
ٔظٕزٗ ٌّؼً ٌ٘ح فٕمٛي" :حٌفٍٔطٚ ْٛ١ٕ١حَٓ٦حث" ْٛ١ٍ١أ ٚأْ ٔمٛي" :فٍٔطٚ ٓ١آَحث" ً١اًح
.وٕخ ٔؼظَف رّخ "ّٝٔ٠ىٌٚش آَحث" 28ً١
ٚف ٟحٔ٦ـٍ٠ِ١ش ٠ـذ حٌمٛي:
The Israelis and the Palestinians
Israel and Palestineأٚ
ْ١ٌٚIsrael and the Palestinians
_____________________________
ٕ٠27ظَ ٌِّ٠ي ِٓ حٌظفخ،ً١ٛ
Geoffrey Leech& Jan Svartvik:A Communicative Grammar of English,
Longman House , 1975
Wren&Martin: High School English Grammar & Composition
,S.Chand&Co.LTD,1990
ٍٚ28ىص رؼ ٌٖ٘ ٞح٤هطخء فِ ٟمخي ي( دمحم كٔٓ ٓٛ٠ف – رؼٕٛحْ" أهطخء ٗخثؼش ف ٟحٌظَؿّش
حٌؼَر١ش "ٚلي طليع ػٕٙخ كي٠ؼخ ِوظٍفخ ػّخ لٍٕخٖ ف ٟوؼ.ِٕٗ َ١
229
هخطّش:
حٌلّي للٚ ،حٌ٩ٜس ٚحٌٔ َ٩ػٍٔ ٝز ٗ١دمحم حٌٌ ٞحٛطفخٖٚ ،ػٍ ٝآٌٗ ٛٚلزٗ
ٚ ِٓٚح ،ٖ٨أِخ رؼي:
فمي ػىف حٌزخكؼخْ ػٍ ٝأـخُ ٌ٘ح حٌزلغ فِ ٟيس ل١خٓ١شٌٌ ،ح فخٌّٕخًؽ حٌظّ٠ ٟىٓ
ػَٟٙخ وؼَ١س حوظف١خ رؼَ ٝػَِٕ٘ٙ ٓ٠خ ٟ٘ٚ ،طيًٌ رٟٛٛف ػٍٚ ٝؿٛى ٌٖ٘
حٌظخَ٘سٍَٟٚٚ ،س ِؼخٌـظٙخ.
ريأ حٌزلغ رؼَِ ٝف َٛٙحٌظَؿّش ف ٟحٌٍغش ٚحٛ٨ط٩فٚ ،أٍحى أْ ٠ز ٓ١أْ ِفَٛٙ
95
حٌظَؿّش ٌ ْ١ؿخِيح ٚأّخ ظِ َٙغ ػيى حٌّ٘ظغٍ ٓ١ف ٗ١حهظ٩ف ف١ ٟز١ؼش حٌظَؿّش ،اً
٘ ٟف ٟحٌٕٙخ٠ش ِلٍٜش ٦ريحع حٌّظَؿُ ٚليٍطٗ ػٍ١ٛ ٝخغش ح٤فىخٍ ٚحٌّ٠خِٓ١
ٚحٌّؼخٔ ٟحٌظٔ٠ ٟظمٙ١خ ِٓ حٌٕ ٚحِٚ ،ًٛ٤غ ًٌه ف ٩ري ِٓ ٟٚغ آٌ١خص ٌى١ف١ش حٌؼًّ
ف ٟحٌظَؿّش ،كظ ٨ ٝطظلٛي اٌ ٝطَؿّش كَف١ش طـخٔذ ِؼخٔ ٟح.ًٛ٤
ػُ ػَ ٝحٌزلغ ٛفلخص ِٓ طخٍ٠ن حٌظَؿّش ػٕي حٌؼَد ٚر ٓ١أْ حٌؼًّ فٟ
حٌظَؿّش ٌٟ ْ١ؼفخٚ ،أّخ لي ٠ؼىْ كخٌش ِٓ حٌظط ٍٛف ٟحٌظؼخًِ ِغ ػمخفخص حُِ٤
ح٤هَٚ ٜك٠خٍطٙخ ،ػٍ ٝأ٠ ٨ىًٌ ْٛه ػٍ ٝكٔخد حٌٍغش حٚ ،َ٤أْ ٠ى ْٛف ٟا١خٍ
حٌظؤػَ ٚحٌظؤػ ،َ١فخٌٍغش حٌظ ٟطؤهٌ ٚطؼطٌ ٟغش لخىٍس ػٍ ٝحٌل١خس ٚ.ر ٓ١أْ حٌؼَد ػٕيِخ
وخٔٛح أل٠ٛخء ك٠خٍ٠خ وخٔض ٌغظ ُٙل٠ٛش حٔؼىخٓخ ٌٛحلؼٚ ،ُٙػٕيِخ أٛزلٛح ٟؼفخء
حٔؼىْ ًٌه أ٠٠خ فٌ ٟغظِّ. ُٙخ ٠ؼٕ ٟأْ حٌٍغش حٌل١ش ِّٙخ وخٔض لٛطٙخ ٚليٍطٙخ ػٍٝ
حٌل١خس طظً حٔؼىخٓخ ٌلخي أٛلخرٙخ.
ٚأٍحى أ٠٠خ ٌ٘ح حٌزلغ أْ ٠مٛي أٔٗ ٨ري ِٓ ٟٚغ ط ٍٜٛػخَ ٌٍلفخظ ػٍٝ
حٌٍغش حٌؼَر١ش ِٓ حٌظلٛي رفؼً طؤػ َ١حٌٍغخص ح٤هَ.ٜ
ػُ ػَ ٝػَِ٘ ٓ٠ؼخ ِٓ ٨ح٤هطخء حٌٍغ٠ٛش حٌظٗ ٟخػض ف ٟحٌؼَر١ش رظؤػ َ١حٌظَؿّش
حٌَى٠جشٚ ،ر ٓ١و١ف ٕ٠زغ ٟأْ طىٛ ْٛل١لشِ ،غ ِخ ٟٛ٠ق ٛلظٙخ ف ٟحًٛ٤
230
حٌٍغٟٚٚ ،ٞٛق رؼ ٞح٨هظ٩فخص ف ٟحٌٍغظ ٓ١حٌؼَر١ش ٚحٔ٦ـٍ٠ِ١ش ف ٟو١ف١ش طؼزَّ٘١خ
ػٓ حٌّؼخٔ ٟحٌّظ٘خرٙش.
ٚوخْ ًٌه وٍٗ رّٕٙؾ حٓظمَحثٗ ٟو ٟٜحٓظفخى ِٓ حٌّٕٙؾ حٌٛٛف ٟحٌظلٍ ٍٟ١فٟ
حٌّٛحٟغ حٌظ ٟطف١ي حٌزلغٍ٠ ٌُٚ ،ظَِ ِٕٙـخ رؼ.ٕٗ١
ٚظً ٍ ٟٝهللا– طؼخٌ٘- ٝيفخ َٔؿ ٛحٌٛٛٛي اٌ ِٓ ،ٗ١ه٩ي هيِش ٌغش وظخرٗ حٌىَ،ُ٠
فبْ لَٜٔخ فٌٌه ِٕخ ٚاْ ٚفمٕخ فّٓ هللاٍ ،حؿ ٓ١أْ َٟٝ٠ػٕخ ،أٗ ّٓ١غ ِـ١ذ
حٌيػخء_.
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طَؿّش حٌّظُِ٩خص حٌٍفظ١ش)(Collocations
حُٔظَؿْ ك ٢حٗظوخء حألُلخظ ٝطَط٤زٜخ ً َٔؼََ كَّ٘خٕ ِٔ٣ؽ حألُٞحٕ كٜ٘٤غ ٜٓ٘خ ُٞكش ري٣ؼشًٔٝ .خ إٔ ٌٛح
ِ إ َٓؼََ
َّ
حُل٘خٕ ٓخ ًخٕ ُ ٌٙٛ َْٓ٤حُِٞكش حُزي٣ؼش اال اًح ًخٕ ُ٣ـ٤ي حُِٔؽ حُيه٤ن ر ٖ٤حألُٞحٕ ُ٣ٝلِٖٔ ط٘ٔ٤وٜخ ،كبٕ
حُٔظَؿْ ًٌُي ال ري إٔ ٌٕٞ٣ىه٤وخ ك ٢حٗظوخء حألُلخظ ٝحُؼزخٍحص رخٍػخ ك ٢ط٘ٔ٤وٜخ كظ ٠طؤط ٢طَؿٔظ ٚرِ٤ـش
ػـٔش أ ٝارٜخّ.هخُ٤ش ٖٓ أُ ١
ُٝزِٞؽ طِي حُـخ٣ش ،ػِ ٠حُٔظَؿْ إٔ ٘٣ظز ٚاُ ٠ػيس أٓ ،ٍٞػٍِ ٠أٜٓخ حُٔظالُٓخص (أ ٝحُٔظٜخكزخص) حُِلظ٤ش
)(Collocationsحُظُ٣ ٢وٜي رٜخ طٌَحٍ ٓـ٢ء ُلع ٓؼٓ ٖ٤غ ُلع آهَ أ ٝأًؼَ ٌٛٝ.ح حالهظَحٕ حُِلظ ٢ظخَٛس ٌ
ُؼَف ى .كٖٔ ؿِحُش حُٔظالُٓخصال طٌخى طوِٜ٘ٓ ٞخ ُـشٝ ٞٛٝ ،ؿِ ٌء ال ٣ظـِأ ٖٓ رالؿش حُِـش ٝر٤خٜٗخّ ِ ٣ٝ .
حُِلظ٤ش رؤٜٗخ «ػزخٍحص رالؿ٤ش ٓظٞحٍىس ٓئُلش ػخىس ٖٓ ًِٔظٝ ،ٖ٤أك٤خٗخ ٖٓ ػالع أ ٝأًؼَ طظٞحٍى ٓغ رؼٜ٠خ
ػخىس ٝطظالُّ ك ٢حُِـش … ك ٢ٜػزخٍحص ٗز ٚػخرظش ٔ٣ظويٜٓخ أ َٛحُِـش ري٤ٜ٣خ ٝال ٔ٣ظ٘ؼَٝ ٕٝؿٞىٛخ اال اًح
أُٓ٢ء حٓظويحٜٓخ».
ٓٝؼخٍ ًُي ًِٔش « »َ٣ٞ١حُظ ٌٖٔ٣ ٢إٔ ٣ظٌٍَ حٗظَحًٜخ ٓغ ًِٔخص ٓؼٍَ :ؿَٗٝ ،زخص٣َ١ٝ ،ن ٌُٜ٘ٝخ
طٔظؼ ٠ٜػِ ٠حالهظَحٕ أ ٝحالٗظَحى ٓغ ًِٔش «ؿزَ» كال ٌٖٔ٣إٔ ٗو« :ٍٞؿزَ ٣ ٌُٖٝ ،»َ٣ٞ١ـذ إٔ
ٗو :ٍٞؿزَ ػخ ٍٍ أٗ ٝخٛنٝ .ال ٗو ٍٞكُ ٢ـظ٘خ حُؼَر٤ش ٓؼال «ٍؿَ ؿٔ »َ٤ألٕ ٌٙٛحُٜلش ال طظلن ٓغ ًِٔش
ٍؿَٝ ،اٗٔخ طظلن ٓغ ًِٔش حَٓأس ،ك٘و« ٍٞحَٓأس ؿِٔ٤ش ٍٝؿَ ًٔ ،»ْ٤ٓٝخ ٗو ٍٞك ٢حإلٗـِ٣ِ٤ش to make a
ٝjourneyال ٌٖٔ٣إٔ ٗوٗ ٌُٖٝ to make a walk ٍٞوٝ ، to take a walkٍٞال ػالهش ٌُٜح روٞحػي حُِـش
حُؼَر٤ش أ ٝحإلٗـِ٣ِ٤ش ٝاٗٔخ َ٣ؿغ حألَٓ كًُ ٢ي اُ ٠حطلخم حُٔظٌِٔ ٖ٤رخُِـش ٝحٛطالك ْٜػًُِ ٠ي.
ٝطليَّع ى .دمحم ػ٘خٗ ٢ػٖ ٌٛح حالٍطزخ ١رُ ٖ٤لظظ ٖ٤أ ٝأًؼَ كوخٍ اٗ« ٚال ٔ٣ظ٘ي ّاال اُ ٠حُؼَف ،أٓ ١خ حٛطِق
ٓـزَ ك ٌٙٛ ٢حُلخُش
ٌ ػِ ٚ٤حُٔـظٔغٝ ،إ ًخٕ ُ٘ٓ ٚي ٖٓ حالٓظؼخٍس ( ٖٓٝحُٔ٘طن رطز٤ؼش حُلخٍ … )ٝحُٔظَؿْ
ػِ ٠حُظَّوُّ٤ي رخُٜٔطِق حُ٘خثغ ك ٢حُِـش حُظ٘٣ ٢وَ اُٜ٤خ ،ألٕ حُظَحر ٢ر ٖ٤حٌُِٔخص ٝحُظؼزَ٤حص حُٔوظِلش ٖٓ
هٜخثُ ًَ ٚـش ػِ ٠كيس».
ٝػـِ حُٔظَؿْ ػٖ ا٣ـخى ٌٛح حُظٞحكن هي ال ٣ل ٍٞى ٕٝاٜ٣خٍ حَُٓخُش ٗٝوَ حُٔؼ٘ ٠اُ ٠حُوخٍةٞٓ ٌُٚ٘ٝ ،ف ُ
ُوَٛخ ًٝم أٛلخد حُِـش ٝطزيٗ ُْٜ ٝخًس ٝؿٔٓ َ٤ظٔخؿش ،كؼزخٍس ٓؼَ
ُٔ٣لَ ػٖ طَحً٤ذ حٛط٘خػ٤ش ال ُّ ٣
ٌ
good reasonهي ٣ظَؿٜٔخ ٓظَؿ ٌْ ٓزظية آُ« ٠زذ ؿ٤ي» ٝك٘٤جٌ ٓ٤ل ْٜحُوخٍة حُؼَرٓ ٢خ ٣وٜي ٙحُٔظَؿْ،
َؿٔض آُ« ٠زذ ٝؿ »ٚ٤كٔظؼط ٢حٍُ٘ٗٝ ٚوخ ٝرٜخءًٌُٝ .ي اًح أهطؤ حُٔظَؿْ ٓؼال ٌٙٛ ٌُٖٝحُؼزخٍس ُ ٞط ُ ِ
كٗ ٢وَ ػزخٍس « ُٓي ِ ّهٖ َٗ »ٙاُ ٠حُِـش حإلٗـِ٣ِ٤ش كوخٍ » «big smokerريال ٖٓ »«heavy smokerكبٕ
حُوخٍة حإلٗـِ٤ٓ ١ِ٤لَٓ ْٜحى حُٔظَؿْ ٘٤ٓ ٌُٚ٘ٝؼَ ك ٢حُٞهض ٗلٔ ٚرؤٕ حُٔظَؿْ ؿٓ َ٤ظٌٖٔ ٖٓ ٤ٛخؿظٚ
٣ ُٖٝظَىى ك ٢حُلٌْ ػِ ٠حُظَؿٔش رخًَُخًش.
كبٕ رؼٞ إٔ ً ََّ حُؼزخٍحص طِِّ كخُش ٝحكيس ال طل٤ي ػٜ٘خَّ ، ٘٣ٝزـ ٢أال ُ٣ل َ ٖٓ ْٜطٔٔ٤ظٜخ رخُٔظالُٓخص َّ
حُٔظالُٓخص ٣ظَّْٔ ر٘٢ء ٖٓ حَُٔٗٝش ال ّٓٔ٤خ كُ ٢ـش ؿَّ٘٤ش رخُظََّحىف ٓؼَ ُـظ٘خ حُؼَرَّ٤ش ،كؼزخٍس ٓؼَ He drew
إٔ ًُي ال ٘٣لٝ ٢ؿٞى ٓظالُّ آهَ – ٝإ ًخٕ أهَ his swordطوخرِٜخ كُ ٢ـظ٘خ ػزخٍس «ح ْٓظ َ ََّ ٓ٤لّ ،»ٚاال َّ
ذ ٓ٤ل ٌُٖٝ .»ٚطٞؿي كخالص ٖٓ حُظَّٞحكن ال طُّ ٜق كٜ٤خ ًِٓٔ ٟٞش ٝحكيسٜ٘ٓ ،خ ٓؼال ٓ َل َ
رالؿش ٝؿٔخال – َ « ٞٛ
كخُِثُ َ٤ألٓيٝ ،حُؼُٞحء ٌُِِّثذٝ ،حُُّ٘زخف ٌُِِذٝ ،حُٔٞحء ُِ ََِّ ٜس، حُؼزخٍحص حُظ ٢طٜق أٞٛحص حُلٞ٤حٗخص َّ :
٠ليعَ َّْ َُِٛ ٝ ،ؿ َّحٜ٘ٓٝ .خ أ٠٣خ حُٜلخص ٔوَش ُِؼُٜلٝ ،ٍٞحَُّ٘ ِو٤ن ُِ ِ ّ ٔ ْو َ
ٝحُُِ َ٤ٜٜلَّٝ ،حَُّ٘ ْوَ٘وَش ُِيؿخؿشٝ ،حُ َّ
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،ى كخ ُِيَٞٓ أ٤ُِحٝ ،ٕهخ
ٍ َٔحُيّ أكٝ ،لَ كخهغَٛ أُِٛحٝ َّ ،غٛ ٗخٞ٤حُوطٖ أر: «ٍٞ ك٘و،ٕحُٞش ُأل٤ِٛحأل
ْ حُزلغ ػٖ حُِلع حُٔالث٢يح كٜ ؿُٞؤ٣ ُِٔظَؿْ ّأال٢٘زـ٣ َّْ ٓ ْٖ ػٝ
ِ ». ٍٙ حُـيحٍ أٍُم ُحٝ ،َٟٗخ َّ
ِ َ٠حٍُِع أهٝ
٢ش حُظ٤خىٍ حُؼَرُٜٖٔٓ حٝ .َ ًُي ٖٓ ٓ٘وَّش٤ ٓز٢ ك٠ٗٔخ ػخٜٓ ٜٚٗ ٢حكن حُٔ٘خٓذ ٌُِِٔخص كٞـخى حُظ٣اٝ
ًظخد ٔـؼش حٌَحثيٝ ،٢ٍ حُؼؼخُزٜٞ٘ٓ ٢يى ًظخد« فمٗ حٌٍغش »ألرٌُٜح حٛ ٢خ حُٔظَؿ ُْ كٜ٤َُؿغ ا٣ ٌٕٖٔ أ٣
ػٖ حُٔظَحىكخصٚػٞٗ ٖٓ ٍْ ٓؼـٝ أٞٛٝ :٢خُؿ٤ُْ ح٤ٛ إلرَح،حٍىٛحٌّظٚ حٌّظَحىفٟحٍى فٌَٛٗػش حٚ
ٍكِش حُزلغ ػٖ ُلظش٢خ كٌٜٖٔ حالٓظؼخٗش ر٣ ٢ش حُِـش حُظ٤ٖٓ حُٔؼخؿْ حُؼُّ٘خثٝ). حُٔظالُٓخصٝحٍىحص (أٞحُٔظٝ
ٞ ٗل٠ِ ػ١ٞلظ٣ ١ٌُ ح،ٍ كٖٔ ؿِحُشٞ ُألٓظخً حُيًظ،ش١ُِخص حٌٍفظ٩ّ ىحٍ حٌؼٍُ ٌٍّظِٛٓظالُٓش ٓ٘خٓزش لخ
،٢ٖ أُق ٓظالُّ ُلظ٣َ٘ػٝ خ أًؼَ ٖٓ ٓخثشٜ طلظ١ٞ٠٘٣ ش٣ِ٤ِش رخُِـش حإلٗـ٤ٔ٤ ػَ٘ أُق ٓخىس ٍث٢٘حػ
خكزخصٜخ ُِؼـُ حٌلخفع ٌٍّظ٠٣٘خى أٛٝ .٢ ػَر٢ٖ أُق ٓظالُّ ُلظ٤ٔٔهٝ ٓخثش٠ِ ػَٞر٣ ٓخ٠َُؿٔض ا ِ ُط
،ٚخ رٛ
ًّ ذ ٓيهال هخ٤ًٌَح حُٔؼـْ ٌَُ طٛ هي أكَىٝ ،خْٗ كخكعٛ َّ رٖ ػزي حُٔالٍٛ حُطخٞ ُِيًظ،ش١حٌؼَر
.ذ٤ًَش حٓظويحّ حُظ٤ل٤ً قٟٞش ط٤ رؤٓؼِش ػَر٠٘حؿظٝ ،كخصَٝٗ خفٟأٝ ،ًّخ٣زخ أرـي٤َُٓطّزخ طَط
Collocation ٢ حُظالُّ حُِلظis the way words combine with other words in predictable
ways. Knowing strong and frequent collocations is essential for accurate, natural
English. Using correct collocations expands your English and makes it much more
effective.
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Fashionable clothes شٟٞٓ َٓالرْ آه
Complete confusion ّحٍطزخى طخ
Reliable source مٞػٞٓ ٍيٜٓ
Irreversible decision ٚ٘هَحٍ ال ٍؿؼش ػ
Irrevocable divorce ٚ٘ ال ٍؿؼش ػ/٢خثٜٗ( الم حُزخث٘ش١)
Common-law marriage ٢حؽ حُؼَكُِٝح
Difficult decision ؼذٛ ٍهَح
Fearless warrior ٓلخٍد ٗـخع
Hopeless case خٜ٘ٓ ّٞج٤ٓ كخُش
Reckless driver ٍٜٞٓخثن ٓظ
Formal announcement ٢ٍٔٓ ٕاػال
Illegible handwriting ٌٖٚٔ هَحءط٣ ال٢ه
Potable water خُلش َُِ٘دٛ ٙخ٤ٓ
Edible food ًَخُق ُألٛ ّؼخ١
Navigable river خُق ُِٔالكشٛ َٜٗ
Insurmountable difficulties خٜ٤ٌٖٔ طوط٣ ػوزخص ال
A clear-cut evidence غ١َ هخ٤ُى
An Intimate relationship ٔش٤ٔػالهش ك
Permanent / temporary residence ىحثٔش/ اهخٓش ٓئهظش
Severe restrictions يس٣ ٗي/خٍٓشٛ ىٞ٤ه
National / internal security ( ٢٘١ُٞ (ح٢ٓٞ حُو/٢ِحألٖٓ حُيحه
A countless number of ٠ٜل٣ ٖٓ ػيى ال
Tame / tameless animals شَٟٝٓ َ٤ ؿ/ لش٤َُ أ٤ ؿ،)شَٟٝٓ( لش٤ُحٗخص أٞ٤ك
A detailed analysis ََٜ ٓل٤ِطل
An arduous journey ٍكِش ٗخهش
A serious injury َس٤خرش هطٛا
An undeniable fact خٌٍٖٛٔ اٌٗخ٣ وش ال٤كو
Accurate prediction ِٚ ٓل٢ن (ك٤)ط٘زئ ىه
Artificial respiration ٢٘خػٛ ْط٘ل
Irresistible temptation ّٝوخ٣ اؿَحء ال
Underground organization ش٣َٓ ٓ٘ظٔش
Verbal communication ٢ٜخٍ ٗلٜحط
Free admission ٢ٍٗ ٓـخٞىه
Official statement ٢ٍٔٓ ٕخ٤ر
Official permission ٢ٍٔٓ ق٣َٜ ط/ ًٕا
Optical illusion ١َٜهيحع ر
A diplomatic / peaceful solution ٢ٓٓخِٞ ىر/ ٢ِٔٓ َك
A vital role ١ٞ٤ٍ كٝى
A hostile act ٢ػَٔ ػيحث
An abortive = an unsuccessful = a botched = a failed attempt ُش كخِٗشٝٓلخ
99
Absolute priority ش ٓطِوش٣ُٞٝأ
Alternative proposal َ٣حهظَحف ري
Arbitrary government ش٣ٓش حٓظزيحىٌٞك
Fierce fight َّٗ / ق٤٘هظخٍ ػ
Bloody battle ش٤ٓٓؼًَش ىح
Drastic war َّٟٝ كَد
Heinous crime ٗخث٘ش،ؼش٤٘ٗ ، ٌَٗحء،ٔش ر٘ؼش٣َؿ
Ground operation/offensive ش٣َش (حهظلخّ) ر٤ِٔػ
A senior official ٟٞغ حُٔٔظ٤ٍ ٍكٞٓٔج
A rogue state ٕٞٗ ال طِظِّ رخُوخ٢ُش حُظٝ حُي٢ٛٝ( ُش ٓخٍهشٝ)ى
A lame excuse ( ق (أػَؽ٤ؼٟ ٌٍػ
Radical / sudden change ٓلخؿت/ ١َٛٞ ؿ,١ٌٍَ ؿ٤طـ
Constructive criticism ٗوي رّ٘خء
Destructive criticism ّيّحٛ ٗوي
Evasive answers ٍش (ٖٓ حُٔئحِٜٔ ٓظ-ؿشٝرش َٓحٞ)أؿ
Clear instructions لشٟحٝ ٔخص٤ِطؼ
Impressive results ٗظخثؾ ٍحثؼش
Impulsive behavior ٓ٘يكغ/ ٍٜٞى ٓظِٞٓ
Classified = confidential information ش٣َٓ ٓخصِٞٓؼ
Political turmoil ٢ٓخ٤ٓ طَحدٟح
Pent-up anger ّٞ ٌٓظ/ ّٞ ٓلز/ ّٞذ ٌٓظ٠ؿ
A (non)-binding agreement َِّ) ُٓــِــ٤حطلخم (ؿ
Handsome guy ْ٤ٓٝ ٗخد
Gorgeous woman ٍحَٓأس كخثوش حُـٔخ
Exciting movie َ٤) ٓؼ٢٘ٔخث٤ٓ( ِْ٤ك
Non-refundable fees َ ٓٔظَىس٤ّ ؿٍٞٓ
Counterfeit money لش٣ِٓ ،ٍسِٝٓ ،ى ُحثلشٞٗو
A bewildering question َ٤ٓئحٍ ٓل
Wild imagination حٓغٝ ٍخ٤ه
A stale joke وش٣ٌٗظش رخ
A funny joke لٌش٠ٓ ٌٗظش
Heavy rains َس٣ِأٓطخٍ ؿ
Naughty boy ٢ُي ٗوٝ
Clinical death ١َ٣َٓ صٞٓ
Blatant discrimination خٍمٛ ِ٤٤ٔط
Fundamental rights ش٤ٓم أٓخٞكو
False testimony = perjury ٍُِٝخىس حٜٗ
Demilitarized zones ػش حُٔالفِٝ٘ٓ / ٖٓ ن ٓـَىس١ٓ٘خ
Barbed wire ١ٌَٔهغ ػٞٓ ٍٞ)أٓالى ٗخثٌش (ك
Tripartite committee ش٤ُـ٘ش ػالػ
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Quadripartite committee ش٤ُـ٘ش ٍرخػ
A unilateral measures ش حُـخٗذ٣اؿَحءحص أكخى
A bilateral meeting ٢حؿظٔخع ػ٘خث
Tremendous efforts ى ؿزخٍسٜٞؿ
International forums ش٤ُٝخص ى٣ ٓ٘ظي/َٓلخك
A pathetic sight ِٕ حُلٝ َ ُِ٘لوش٤ٓ٘ظَ ٓؼ
Incomparable / matchless view ٠ٛخ٠٣ ال/َ٤ي ٓ٘وطغ حُ٘ظٜ٘ٓ /َٓ٘ظ
A miserable life ٔش٤ طؼ/ خس رخثٔش٤ك
True copy يهشُٜٔخىحص حَُٜ٘ (هظْ حٛزن حأل١ ٍسٞٛ / )ٗٔوش
To wish someone a speedy recovery َ حُ٘لخء حُؼخؿٚ ُ٘و٠٘ٔطظ
Oppressive regime ُْ ظخ/) ٓٔظزي٢ٓخ٤ٓ(ّٗظخ
Total rejection ّ طخٍٞك
Formal resolutions خ حألْٓ حُٔظليسٍٛيٜ ط٢ش (ًخُظ٤ٍٔٓ )هَحٍحص
A prestigious, (Revered) university هَسٞٓ ، حػظزخٍ (ٓلظَٓش/ زش٤ٛ )ؿخٓؼش ًحص
Mild weather ق٤ ُط/ ٍوْ ٓؼظي١
Delicious food ٌ٣ٌُ ّؼخ١
Professional player الػذ ٓلظَف
Sworn, legal translator ٓلِق٢ٗٞٗٓظَؿْ هخ
False passport ق٣ِٓ / حُ ٓلَ ُحثقٞؿ
Boundless patience ىٝزَ رال كيٛ
A rare chance ٝٞش ٗخىٍس (ال طؼَٛ)ك
Complicated / simple procedures طش٤ٔ ر/ اؿَحءحص ٓؼويس
Astronomical / huge profits ش٤ٌِ ك/ خثِش١ /خثِشٛ أٍرخف
Catastrophic / huge / gross losses كخؿؼش/ َس٤ ًز/هٔخثَ كخىكش
Dangerous / grave / serious threats َس٤يحص هط٣يٜط
Strong ties ش٣ٞ ه٢حرٍٝ
Harsh treatment ه٘٘ش،ش٤ٓٓؼخِٓش هخ
Blind trust / obedience خء٤ٔخػش ػ١ / ػوش
A crucial turning-point زش٤ٜ ػ،ٍ كخٓٔشٞٗوطش طل
Great values / benefits ٔش٤ْ ػظ٤ ه/ حثيٞك
Great / glorious victory ي٤ ٓـ/ ْ٤َ ػظٜٗ
Ignominious / crushing defeat ٓخكوش، ٗخث٘ش/ ش٣ِ ٓو/ ٔش ٌَٗحء٣ِٛ
Deep depression / deep despair ن٤ٔؤّ ػ٣ /ن٤ٔحًظجخد ػ
Latest developments حُٔٔظـيحص،ٍحصٞآهَ حُظط
Vague directions (instructions) لشٟحٝ َ٤ ؿ،ش٠ٓ ؿخ،ٔشٜٔخص ٓز٤ِطؼ
Abrupt / sudden disappearance حهظلخء ٓلخؿت
Congenital / hereditary defect عٍٝٞٓ /٢ٍحػٝ ،٢ذ هِو٤ ػ/ ػِش
Natural disasters ش٤ؼ٤ز١ حٍعًٞ
Temporary cease-fire الم حُ٘خٍ) ٓئهظش١هق إلٝ( يٗشٛ
Utter chaos ٗخِٓش، ػخٍٓش٠ٟٞك
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Controversial issues ٍَس ُِـي٤ ٓؼ،ش٤خ هالك٣خ٠ه
Worthless check/cheque ٔش٤ْ حُو٣ ػي،ي٤ٍٛ ٕٝي ري٤ٗ
An unjustified act ٍََ ٓز٤ػَٔ ؿ
A Vicious circle of violence ٔش) ٖٓ حُؼ٘ق٤ىحثَس ٓلَؿش (أػ
To be under House arrest ش٣َ) طلض حإلهخٓش حُـزٚغ (ٗوٟٝ ْظ٣
Un)fair assessment) ٍَ) ػخى٤ْ (ؿ٤٤طو
Candid camera ش٤َح حُول٤ٓحٌُخ
Gloomy atmosphere ذ٤ ًجٞؿ
Stuffy room هخٗنٞ ؿَكش ًحص ؿ،)خٜظ٣ٜٞحكٌ ُظُٞ٘حء (طلظخؽ كظق حُٜٞؿَكش كخٓيس ح
Supreme court of Justice خ٤ِٓلٌٔش حُؼيٍ حُؼ
Anonymous writer/author ٍْٓ حالٜٞ ًخطذ ٓـ/ٓئُق
A historic moment خٓشٛ /ش٤و٣ٍُلظش طخ
Tender meat شٜٜ٘٘ٓش (ح٣َ١ )ُلٔش
High-quality merchandise ىسٞش حُـ٤ُ ِٓغ ػخ/خثغ٠ر
Premeditated killing يَٛحُظٝ ٍَحٛ حُٔظؼٔي (ٓغ ٓزن حإل,)حُوظَ حُؼٔي
Manslaughter killing ن حُوطؤ٣َ١ ٖ ػ،َ حُؼٔي٤حُوظَ ؿ
Mutual obligations حُظِحٓخص ٓ٘ظًَش
Unpleasant odor / smell ش٠٤ رـ،شٜ٣ًَ ٍحثلش
Exclusive offer ٓؼال،ٍ (ُألٓؼخٙ هخَٝ)ػ
(20) percent discount ٍ حُٔخثش (ُألٓؼخ٢) ك20( ر٘ٔزشٞ٤ طول/ ْٜ)ه
Noble endeavours = good offices ِش٤ ٗز،يس٤ٔ ك٢ٓٔخػ
Tremendous energy خثِشٛ خهش١
Clean / polluted environment ػشِٞٓ / لش٤جش ٗظ٤ر
Primitive / out-of-date methods ٔش٣ هي،ش٤َم ريحث١
Modern / up-to-date methods ٍسٞ ٓظط،ؼش٣َم كي١
In) valid visa) ٍٞش حُٔلؼ٣ٍَ) ٓخ٤َس (ؿ٤ٗطؤ
Meager / low wage َ٤جٟ /ي٤ُٛ َأؿــ
A well-paid job لش ًحص ٍحطذ َٓطلغ٤ظٝ
Arable / barren land هخكِش،خُلش ٍُِِحػشٛ ٍٝأ
A desperate attempt خثٔش٣ ُشٝٓلخ
A ceaseless effort َٛحٞ ٓظ،دٝي ىءٜؿ
A charismatic leader ٓل٘ي،هخثي رخٍع
Technical glitch ٢٘ ػطَ ك/َِه
Exorbitant prices ظشٛأٓؼخٍ رخ
Chapped lips ٓظ٘ووشٙٗلخ
Strong tea َ٤ ػو١ٗخ
Fact-finding committee حُلوخثن٢ُٜـ٘ش طو
Fitting room ْ حُٔالرَٝ ٓؼ٢خّ (ك٤)ؿَكش حُو
Reconnaissance / spy plane ْٔ طـ، حٓظٌ٘خف/ خثَس حٓظطالع١
Surveillance camera حُز٘ي٢َح حَُٔحهزش (ك٤ٓ)ًخ
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Aircraft carrier ٘ش٤ ٓل،ٍٞخثَحص (أٓط١ )كخِٓش
Mine sweeper ّ =ًخٓلش حألُـخMinesweeper
Intercontinental ballistic missiles ش حُؼخرَس ُِوخٍحص٤ن حُزخُٔظ٣ٍحُٜٞح
Black list ىحءُٞٔ حُوخثٔش ح:
( ْٝ ٖٓ حُزالى أٜؿَٝع هُٞ٘ٔٔ حْٝ أٜ٤د كَٞ حَُٔؿ٤ ؿٖٝ أ٤ٛٞ حُٔ٘زٙ حألٗوخٝهخثٔش رؤٓٔخء حُٔئٓٔخص أ
ْٜل٤هٞد طِٞ)حُٔط
Armed revolt ٍس ِٓٔلشٞػ
The world public opinion ٢ُٔ حُؼخّ حُؼخ١حَُأ
Prosecuting committee ُـ٘ش ٓظخرؼش
Provisional government ٓش ٓئهظشٌٞك
(Ministerial) Cabinet Reshuffle ١ٍُحٝ( ٍُحءَُٞ ٓـِْ ح٣)طؼي
Electoral propaganda ش٤ش حٗظوخر٣ىػخ
To take proper measures َ حُٔالثٔش٤ألهٌ حُظيحر
Precautionary measures ش٤هخثٝ / ش٣ُاؿَحءحص حكظَح
The grand total ٢خثُٜ٘ (ح٢ٌُِع حٞٔ)حُٔـ
The project / course duration عَُٝ٘ٔ ح/ ٓيس حُٔٔخم
Indescribable feeling قٛٞ٣ ٍ الٞٗؼ
Wilted flowers خٍ ًحرِشُٛأ
The Palestinian National Anthem ٢٘٤ حُلِٔط٢٘١ُٞي ح٤ُ٘٘ح
Charitable Organization ش٣َ٤ٓ٘ظٔش ه
Space shuttle ٢خث٠ى كٌٞٓ
Financial advisor ٢ُٓٔظ٘خٍ ٓخ
Legal advisor ٢ٗٞٗٓٔظ٘خٍ هخ
Islam is a true religion ق٤ٖ٘ ك٣حإلٓالّ ى
Distance Learning حُظؼِْ ػٖ رؼي
Ethnic cleansing ٢َ حُؼَه٤ٜحُظط
Stiff resistance َٗٓش،لش٤٘ٓش ػٝٓوخ
A televised speech ِهطخد ٓظِل
Chemical plant ش٣ٝٔخ٤ٌُحى حُِٞٔ ٘غٜٓ
Friendly fire
ن حُوطؤ٣َ١ ٖ ػ٢ٗطخ٣َ رٝ آهَ أ٢ٌ٣َٓ أ١ ؿ٘ي٢ٌ٣َٓ أ١وظَ ؿ٘ي٣ ٕوش (ًؤ٣يٛ َٕح٤ٗ)
Plastic arts ش٤ِ٤ٌٕ٘ طٞ٘ك
Accepted pilgrimage ٍَٝكؾ ٓز
Additional prayer الس حُ٘خكِشُٜح
Corporal punishment ١ ؿٔي،٢ٗػوخد ري
Deadly sins ٌِشُٜٔخ ح٣روخص (حُوطخُٞٔ)ح
A grave breach َ٤خى هطٜحٗظ
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Translated texts from English into Arabic
ُِ حٌّظليس٤ح
ٌٙٛ طؤٓٔض.ش٤ُٝكَ حٌُٔ٘الص حُيٝ ٍُْ حُؼخٞ كلع حُٔالّ ك٠ُيف اٍٜى طٞ٣ٞ٤ٗ خَٛش ٓو٤ُٝ ٓ٘ظٔش ى٢ٛ
خٜ٘ٓ ًَٝ خٜ٤خء ك٠ أػ٢ٍٜ حُؼخُْ حُٔٔظوِش كٝأٓخ ٓؼظْ ىٝ ،ْٓزش حألٜهخٓض ٓلَ ػٝ 1945 ّ ػخ٢حُٔ٘ظٔش ك
ش٣خىٜحالهظٝ ش٣ٌََٔ حُؼ٤ش حُِٔطش رخطوخً حُظيحر٣أٓخ ٓـِْ حألٖٓ كِيٝ .ش حُؼخٓش٤ حُـٔؼ٢حكي كٝ صٞٛ خٜ٣ُي
ش٤ُٝٓلٌٔش حُؼيٍ حُيٝ ٢ُٝ ٓؼَ حُز٘ي حُيَٟع أهَٝ حألْٓ حُٔظليس كٟؿي ُيٞ٣ٝ .ش٤ًُُٝي ُلَ حُِ٘حػخص حُيٝ
. ُألْٓ حُٔظليس٢ُٖ حُؼخّ حُلخ٤ٓ حألٜٕٞ كٞٓ ٢ً ٕأٓخ رخٝ ،ُشٞٓ٘ظٔش حألْٓ حُٔظليس ُِطلٝ ُ٘يحٞٛ ٢ك
2) 11/9 Attacks
September 11, 2001, the day on which a series of major terrorist attacks took place
in New York and other places in the US. The terrorists carried out the attacks using
four passenger planes that they hijacked on flights from the east coast of the US.
At 8.46 a.m. the first plane crashed into the north tower of the World Trade Center
in New York. At 9.03 a.m. the second plane crashed into the south tower. Less
than 90 minutes later both towers fell down. The third plane crashed into the
Pentagon and the fourth into a field in Pennsylvania. Nearly 3 000 people died in
the attacks, a greater number than were killed in the attack on Pearl Harbor in the
Second World War. The place where the World Trade Center once stood is now
known as Ground Zero.
104
٘ـّخص حٌلخى ٞػَ٘ ِٓ حٍٛ٠ي
11أ ٞٛ 2001 ٍِٞ٣حُ ّٞ٤حٌُ ١ؿَ ٟك ٚ٤ط٘لِِٔٓ ٌ٤ش ٛـٔخص اٍٛخر٤ش كٍٞ٣ٞ٤ٗ ٢ى ٝػيس أٓخًٖ ك ٢حُٞال٣خص
حُٔظليس حألٓ٤ًَ٤ش .كٌٛ ٢ح حُ ّٞ٤هخّ حإلٍٛخر ٕٞ٤رظ٘ل ٌ٤حُٜـٔخص ػٖ ٣َ١ن أٍرغ ١خثَحص ًٍخد طْ حهظطخكٜخ
أػ٘خء حَُكالص حُظً ٢خٗض ٓظٞؿٜش ٖٓ حُٔخكَ حَُ٘هُِٞ ٢ال٣خص حُٔظليس .حٛطيٓض حُطخثَس حأل ٠ُٝرخُزَؽ
حُ٘ٔخُُٔ ٢ز٘ ٠حُظـخٍ ٟحُؼخُٔ ٢كٓ ٢ي٘٣ش ٍٗٞ٣ٞ٤ىٝ .ك ٢حُٔخػش حُظخٓؼش ٝػالع ىهخثن حٛطيٓض حُطخثَس
حُؼخٗ٤ش رخُٔز٘ ٠حُـ٘ٞرٝ .٢ك ٢حهَ ٖٓ 90ىه٤وش حٜٗخٍ حُزَؿخٕٝ .أٓخ حُطخثَس حُؼخُؼش كوي حٛطيٓض رٔزُ٘ٝ ٠حٍس
حُيكخع حألٓ٤ًَ٤ش (حُزخٗظـ ،)ٕٞك ٢كٓ ٖ٤وطض حُطخثَس حَُحرؼش ك ٢كوَ رٞال٣ش رِ٘ٔل٤٘٤شٗٝ .ظ٤ـش ٌُٜٙ
حُٜـٔخصُ ،وٓ ٢خ ٣وخٍد ٗ 3000و ٚكٌك ٞٛٝ ْٜػيى حًزَ ٖٓ حألٗوخ ٙحٌُ ٖ٣هظِٞح ك ٢حُٜـّٞ
ػِ٘٤ٓ ٠خء ر ٍَ٤ك ٢حُلَد حُؼخُٔ٤ش حُؼخٗ٤ش ٝ .أالٕ ٠ٔٔ٣حٌُٔخٕ حًٌُ ١خٕ ٣وق ك ٚ٤حُزَؿ ٖ٤رـ "ؿَحٗي
ُ."َٝ٣
3) The Cold War
The political conflict between the capitalist countries of the West (the US and
western Europe) and the Communist countries of the East (the Soviet Union and
eastern Europe) that began after World War II. Both sides had large military forces
which were kept ready for war, and threatened each other with nuclear weapons.
They also tried to find out each other‘s secrets using spies. There was no actual
fighting, except where the US and the Soviet Union supported different sides in
conflicts such as the Korean War. The Cold War ended in the early 1990s after the
Soviet Union had begun to break up.
حٌلَد حٌزخٍىس
حُلَد حُزخٍىس ًخٗض ػزخٍس ػٖ َٛحع ٓ٤خٓ ٢ريء رؼي ٜٗخ٣ش حُلَد حُؼخُٔ٤ش حُؼخٗ٤ش ٓخ ر ٖ٤حُي ٍٝحَُأٓٔخُ٤ش
حُـَر٤ش (حُٞال٣خص حُٔظليس ٝؿَد أٍٝٝرخ) ٝحُي ٍٝحُ٘ٞ٤ػ٤ش حَُ٘ه٤ش ( حالطلخى حُٔٞك٤ظٝ ٢ىَٗ ٍٝم
أٍٝٝرخ)ًٝ .خٕ ٌُال حُطَك ٖ٤هٞحص ػٌَٔ٣ش ًزَ٤س حُؼيى أرو٤ض ٖٓ حؿَ حُزوخء ػِ ٠أٛزش حالٓظؼيحى ُِلَد،
ٛٝيى ًال حُطَك ٖ٤رؼٜٔ٠خ ح٥هَ رخٓظويحّ حألِٓلش حُ٘٣ٝٞش .رخإلٟخكش اًُُ ٠يٓ ،ؼً ٠ال حُطَك ٖ٤اُ٠
ٓؼَكش أَٓحٍ رؼٜٔ٠خ ح٥هَ ػٖ ٣َ١ن حالٓظؼخٗش رخُـٞحٓٝ .ْ٤كٝ ٢حهغ حألَٓ٘ٛ ٌٖ٣ ُْ ،خُي أ ١كَد
كؼِ٤ش رخٓظؼ٘خء ىػْ حُٞال٣خص حُٔظليس ٝحالطلخى حُٔٞك٤ظ ٢ألَ١حف ٓظ٘خُػش ٓؼَ حُلَد حٌُ٣ٍٞشٝ .هي حٗظٜض
حُلَد حُزخٍىس ك ٢أٝحثَ حُظٔؼ٤٘٤خص ٖٓ حُوَٕ حُؼَ٘ ٖ٣رؼي إٔ ريء حالطلخى حُٔٞك٤ظ ٢رخالٗ٤ٜخٍ.
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4) World War II
A war (1939–45) between the Axis powers (Germany, Italy and Japan) and the
Allies (Britain and the countries in the British Empire, France, and later the USSR
and the US). Many other countries were also involved both directly and
indirectly.The war started when Germany, under Adolf Hitler and the Nazis,
invaded and took control of other countries and the Allies wanted to prevent
German power growing in this way. Britain declared war on Germany in
September 1939 when German troops entered Poland, and soon afterwards
Winston Churchill, who in Britain is closely associated with the Allies‘ victory in
the war, became the British prime minister.
In 1940 Germany attacked Britain but was not successful, mainly because of the
British victory in the Battle of Britain. In 1941 Germany invaded Russia and Japan
attacked Pearl Harbor, an action which brought the US into the war. In 1942 Japan
increased its control over several countries in Asia but was checked by US forces
in the Pacific. In the same year, at the Battle of El Alamein, Allied forces began to
defeat Germany and Italy in northern Africa. In 1943 the Allies took Italy and
Russian forces began to advance on Germany from the east. In 1944 the Allies
invaded northern Europe with the Normandy landings and began to defeat
Germany in Europe. The war ended in 1945 when the Allies took control of
Germany, Hitler killed himself, and Japan was defeated as a result of the atom
bombs being dropped on the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Germany and Japan
surrendered separately in 1945.
Over 50 million people were killed in the war, more than 20 million of them
Russians. World War II is also remembered for the very large number of Jewish
and other people killed in German concentration camps and the harsh treatment of
prisoners of war captured by the Japanese.
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ٗ٘زض ٌٙٛحُلَد ػ٘يٓخ ؿِص ٤ٓٝطَص أُٔخٗ٤خ طلض ه٤خىس أىُٝق ٛظَِ ٝحُ٘خُ ٖ٤٣ػِ ٠ى ٍٝأهَٗٝ .ٟظ٤ـش
ٌُُي هٍَص ى ٍٝحُلِلخء ا٣وخف ه ٟٞأُٔخٗ٤خ حُٔظ٘خٓ٤شٝ .هخٓض رَ٣طخٗ٤خ رؤػالٜٗخ حُلَد ػِ ٠أُٔخٗ٤خ ك ٢ػخّ
1939ػ٘يٓخ ىهَ حُـ ٖ٤حألُٔخٗ ٢رُ٘ٞيحٝ .رؼي ًُي رلظَس هَ٤ٜس ,حٓظِْ ٔ٘٣ٝظ ٕٞطََ٘ٗ ٜٓ٘ذ ٍثْ٤
ٍُٝحء رَ٣طخٗ٤خ.
ٝك ٢ػخّ ٘٣ ُْ 1940ـق ٛـ ّٞأُٔخٗ٤خ ػِ ٠رَ٣طخٗ٤خ ُؼيس أٓزخد ٖٓ أٜٔٛخ حالٗظٜخٍ حُزَ٣طخٗ ٢كٓ ٢ؼًَش
رَ٣طخٗ٤خٝ .ك ٢ػخّ 1941هخٓض أُٔخٗ٤خ رخؿظ٤خف ٍ٤ٓٝخ ٝحُ٤خرخٕ ٝهخٓض أ٠٣خ رخُٜـ ّٞػِ٘٤ٓ ٠خء ر ٍَ٤ك٢
حُٞال٣خص حُٔظليسٝ ،هي أىٌٛ ٟح حُٜـ ّٞاُ ٠ىه ٍٞحُٞال٣خص حُٔظليس حُلَدٝ .أٓخ ك ٢ػخّ 1942هخٓض حُ٤خرخٕ
رِ٣خىس ٓ٤طَطٜخ ػِ ٠ػيس ى ٍٝك ٢هخٍس أٓ٤خ ٌُٖٝطْ ا٣وخف ٌٙٛحُٔ٤طَس ٖٓ هزَ حُوٞحص حألٓ٤ًَ٤ش ك٢
حُٔل ٢٤حُٜخىةٝ .كٗ ٢لْ حُؼخّ ،هخٓض هٞحص حُظلخُق رخُزيء رٔ٣ِٜش أُٔخٗ٤خ ٝح٣طخُ٤خ كٔٗ ٢خُ ٢أكَ٣و٤خ ك٢
ٓؼًَش حُؼِٔٝ .ٖ٤ك ٢ػخّ 1943ريأص هٞحص حُظلخُق رخُظويّ ٗل ٞأُٔخٗ٤خ ٖٓ حَُ٘مٝ .طْ ك ٢ػخّ 1944حُزيء
رٔ٣ِٜش أُٔخٗ٤خ ػ٘يٓخ حؿظخف حُلِلخء ٗٔخٍ أٍٝٝرخ.
حٗظٜض حُلَد ك ٢ػخّ 1945ػ٘يٓخ أهز ٞحُلِلخء ٓ٤طَط ْٜػِ ٠أُٔخٗ٤خٝ .طْ ٔ٣ِٛش حُ٤خرخٕ ٗظ٤ـش اُوخء
ه٘زِظ٣ٝٞٗ ٖ٤ظ ٖ٤ػِٔ٤َٗٝ٤ٛ ٠خ ٗٝـِحًٝ ٢هخّ أىُٝق ٛظَِ رخالٗظلخٍ كٗ ٢لْ حُؼخّ٘٣ .خٍ اُ ٠إٔ حُ٤خرخٕ
ٝأُٔخٗ٤خ هي حٓظِٔٔظخ ًَ ٜٓ٘ٔخ ػِ ٠كيس ػخّ .1945
ُو ٢أًؼَ ٖٓ ٗ ٕٞ٤ِٓ 50و ٚكٌك ْٜهالٍ حُلَدًٝ ،خٕ ٖٟٔ ٖٓ ٢ٍٓٝ ٕٞ٤ِٓ 20كِ٤ٜش هظِ٠
حُلَد ٝ .طوظِٕ ٌٙٛحُلَد ًً َ ٟحألػيحى حٌُزَ٤س ٖٓ حُٜٞ٤ى ٝؿ ٖٓ َْٛ٤حٌُ ٖ٣طْ هظِ ْٜكٓ ٢ؼٌَٔحص
حالػظوخٍ ٝحُٔؼخِٓش حُوخٓ٤ش حُظ ٢طؼَُٜ ٝخ أَٓ ٟحُلَد حٌُ ٖ٣طْ حػظوخُ ٖٓ ْٜهزَ حُوٞحص حُ٤خرخٗ٤ش.
The national library of the US. It was established by the US Congress in 1800
and is on Independence Avenue in Washington, DC. It now has more than 115
million books. it is the second largest library in the world by shelf space and
number of books, the largest being The British Library .The library receives
two copies of every US work published with a copyright.
ِىظزش حٌىٔٛـَّ
ٌٓظزش حٌُٗٞـَّ ٢ٛحٌُٔظزش حُ٤٘١ٞش ُِٞال٣خص حُٔظليس حألَٓ٤ٌ٣ش ٝطؤٓٔض حٌُٔظزش ك ٢ػخّ ٝ 1800طٞؿي ك٢
ٗخٍع حالٓظوالٍ ك ٢حُؼخٔٛش حألَٓ٤ٌ٣ش ٝحٗ٘طٖٞ٣ٝ .ؿي ك ٢حٌُٔظزش أًؼَ ٖٓ ً ٕٞ٤ِٓ 115ظخد ٢ٛٝػخٗ٢
أًزَ ٌٓظزش ك ٢حُؼخُْ رؼي حٌُٔظزش حُزَ٣طخٗ٤ش ٖٓ ك٤غ حَُكٞف حُوخُ٤ش ٝػيى حٌُظذٝ ،طٔظوزَ ٌٙٛحٌُٔظزش
ٗٔوظً ًَ ٖٓ ٖ٤ظخد أَٓ٣ ٢ٌ٣ظْ َٗ٘ٓ ٙغ كوٞم حُطزغ.
107
Translators` Practical Approach To حٌظَؿّشٌِٝيهً حٌّظَؿُ ا
Translation
ُـش٠ُيٍ) أُٜش ٗوَ ٖٓ ُـش (حُِـش ح٤ِٔحُظَؿٔش ػ
Translation is a process of translating from طَؿٔش٢ ك،ٍَ حُٔؼخ٤ ٓز٠ِ كؼ.)يفُٜٓوظِلش (حُِـش ح
one language (source language) to a وش٤ػُٕٞ حٌٞ ط،ش٣ِ٤ُ حُٔخ٠ُش ا٣ِ٤ِوش ٖٓ حإلٗـ٤ػٝ
different language (target language). For ُٖٚ٘ إٔ ح٤ ك٢يٍ كُٜٔ حُٚ٘ ح٢ٛ ش٣ِ٤ِحإلٗـ
example, in translating a document from ٢ حُِـش حُٔٔظويٓش ك٢ٛٝ( ش٣ِ٤ُيف رخُِـش حُٔخُٜح
English to Malay, the English document is .)خ٣ِ٤ُٓخ
the source text while the target text is
Malay (the language used in Malaysia).
If the translator accepts the translation .ٙيٍ الًظ٘خف ٓؼ٘خُٜٔ حَُٚ٘ ح٤ِ طل.1 سٞهط
work, the translator would have to go
through the following translation process:
يفُٜ حُِـش ح٢ ك٠٘ـخى أهَد ٓؼ٣ ا.2 سٞهط
108
Step 2. Find the closest meaning in the .يفُٜح
target language
109
ذ٤ ؿيح طَطٚ٘ز٣ حُظَؿٔش٢ذ حٌُِٔخص ك٤َ طَطٛ
ٖٔ ك،يٍ؟ إ ًخٕ حألَٓ ًٌُئُٜ حُِـش ح٢حٌُِٔخص ك
Is there meaning which has been added? ش٤ؼ٤ز١ َ٤ٕ حُِـش حُٔٔظويٓش ؿٌٞحٌُٖٔٔ إٔ ط
.يفٍُٜ حُِـش حٜٞٔ ؿ٠ُرخُ٘ٔزش ا
110
Does it sound good and natural to them?
Sentences where the reader stops, hesitates ٢ٌٖٔ كو٣ ،ش٤َُٟٓ ٍسٜٞ حألٓجِش رٌٙٛ رؼي اؿخرشٝ
or rereads something. This could possibly .ٕ ػَٔ حُظَؿٔش ٌٓظٔالٌٞ٣ ٕأ
mean that the sentences are understood
with difficulty or are not understood at all.
...
111
٘ش٠ٍِٛىظزش حٌّظَؿُ دمحم أر
Heroic speech
:حٌظَؿّش حٌلَس
ْٟ فٛش ٌّخ لخٌٗ حٌٍّه أٍحغ١ ٌٖ٘ طَؿّش رخٌؼَر.ش١ّ طَؿّش حٌوطذ حٌٍّلٟش ف١ طٕفغ حٌظَؿّش حٌلَف٨
ٛ٘١آٌش ػيىُ٘ ِمخرً أػيحى ؿ٠ٌ ش ِلممشّٜش أرطخي حٌم٠ِ٘ وخٔضٟحٌظٚ ُحطٛي حٌو١ٓ َٟس ف١ه٤حٌّؼَوش ح
:ض١ٌّّػظخىُ٘ حٚ ىٍٚىِٛ
―Aragorn: Hold your ground, hold your ground. Sons of Gondor, of Rohan, my
brothers. I see in your eyes the same fear that would take the heart of me. A day
may come when the courage of men fails, when we forsake our friends and break
all bonds of fellowship, but it is not this day. An hour of wolves and shattered
shields, when the age of men comes crashing down, but it is not this day. This day
we fight! By all that you hold dear on this good Earth, I bid you *stand, Men of the
West!*‖
٢وظِغ هِز٣ ١ٌُف حٌْٞٗ حُوٞ٤ ػ٢ كٍٟ أل٢ٗ ا.ٕخٍٛٝٝ ٍٝٗيٞخ أر٘خء ؿ٣ . رخُٔالف٢طٞح أهٝٔيٛحٝ حٌٞٓطٔخ
، حُ٘ـخع ؿزخٗخٚ٤زق كٜ٣ ،ٚ٤حألم ػٖ أهٝ ٚو٣يٛ ٖن ػ٣يُٜ حٚ٤ ك٠ِظو٣ ٌّ ٞ٣ ٢ؤط٣ ! هي٢ػِٟٞ ٖ٤ٖٓ ر
.ٍ حألىرخ٢ُٞ٣ٝ ٚل٤ٓ ٢َٓ٣
َّ …..
..ّٞ٤ُٕ حٌٞ٣ ُٖ ٌُٖ ًُي
ٌْأٗالثٝ ػٌْ حُٔلطٔشٍٝ ى٠ِ ػ٠ٓظخ٤ُحٝ َٓحألٍحٝ ٠ُخص حُؼٌخٜٓع حألٞٓ ىٚ٤َٔ كٜ٘ ط. حُلخؿؼشٚ٤ّ طؼْ كٞ٣
.ُٔلن طلض أهيحّ حُـِحس٣ٝ َٕ حإلٗٔخٜخٍ ػٜ٘٣ ّٞ٣ ،حُِٔٔهش
َّ …..
..ّٞ٤ُٕ حٌٞ٣ ُٖ ٌُٖ ًُي
!خ ٍؿخٍ حُـَد٣ ىُٜٞٔ ٗخٗيطٌْ ح،زش٤ حُطٍٝ حألٌٙٛ ٠ِِ ٌُْ ػ٣ِ كزلن ًَ ػ.َّ ٗوخطٞ٤ُح
.خٜ٘ ػٟ حُؼخُْ رٔ٘ؤ٢ ٓ٘طوش ك١ ُْ طظَى أ٢ش حُظ٤حالؿظٔخػٝ ش٣خىٜ حألُٓخص حالهظ٢ٗخ ٗظؤَٓ كٞىػ-
Let us reflect on the social and economic crises that have plagued every part of the
.world
112
.ًِٚ ي حُٔـظٔغ٤ْ كلٔذ رَ ٓظل٣ٌٌَُح حُللَ حٛ ّٞ٤ُالط٘خ حٝي ٓيح٤ُٖ طل-
Our deliberations today will not only benefit this audience but will also be of value
.to the society at large
.٢ٍٓ حُؼخُْ حُ٘خٝ ى٠ِ ػ٠ٔ حُؼظٟٞخ حُوٜ٤َ كوي ًخٗض طِي َٓكِش طٌخُزض ك٤ًٌُِظٝ ض حُلَد حُزخٍىس٠ٓ ُوي
In the bygone era of the Cold War, the major powers competed over the
.developing world
. حُظَؿٔش حُلَس رخٌُحصٚخ طوُٜٗؼٌِْ الكظظْ أٝ .يس٤كخص ٓلَٝ١ حألٌٙٛ ٌٕٞ إٔ ط٠٘ٔأط
:ش٤ُؿِٔظ٘خ حُظخ
. رخَُ٘فٞ٤ػْ ٗٔظل
ْ٣٘خى ىحع ُِظويٛ ٌٕٞ٣ ُٖ َ٤ٕٛ ًًَ حُظلخٝ ػٖ رِي طؤػَ رخألُٓش ى٢ اًح ًخٗض حُـِٔش ٓؼخٍ كو:ش٤ٗحُظَؿٔش حُؼخ
:ٍٞ ٗو.َ٤حُظؤهٝ
.The crisis has severally affected X
:ٍٞغ حُو٤ظش ٗٔظطٞ إٔ ٓ٘خًٍظ٘خ ًخٗض ِٓل٠ِِ ػ٤ًَ اًح أٍىٗخ حُظ.َس٤خ ًؼٜطَؿٔخط
define
113
…ي٣طِق ؿيٜٓ
ى؟ٞػُٞٔ رخى ح١٥٘ظظَ ح٣ ٞٛٝ َٔ أكَ ٖٓ حُـ٠ُِي ػُٞ ؿِْ ح:ٍٞق طو٤ً
:٢ِ٣ َس ألٌٓخٗ٘خ طَؿٔش حُـِٔش ًٔخ٤َ حُلَكش حٌُزٜ٘ أهٌٗخ ػُٞ .وش٣َ١ ٘خى أُقٛ
.خٜ٘ٓ أؿِحء٠ِخ ػٜطَط٤ٓ ََٝس ٖٓ أؿَ ك٤حٓظِ٘كض طِي حُزالى آٌخٗخص ًز
.That country squandered enormous resources to dominate some of its parts
.ٕ٥حهغ حُلخٍ حٝ ٞٛ ٌحٛٝ .٠ٔ حُؼظٟٖٞ حُو٤َحع رُِٜ َٓٔكخ٢زق حُؼخُْ حُؼَرٜ٣ ٕٖٓ حُٔئٓق أ
What is regrettably happening now is the emergence of a conflict between the great
.powers over the Arab world
.ُشٞع ًخٗض هـٌُٟٞٞٔح حٛ ٍٝ ط٘خ٢خ كٛيٗخٜٗ ٢الص حُظٝغ حُٔلخ٤ٔؿ-
َّ حُظخَٟ ٌُُي حٓظويٓ٘خ حُلخٟ حُلخ٢ كٍٙآػخٝ ٢ٟ حُٔخ٢هغ كٝ كيع٠ِيٍ ػ٣ الصٝ(الكع إٔ طٌَحٍ حُٔلخ
)ٗطز٘خ حُؼزخٍحص حُِحثيسٝ
:ّشِٙ طٍلخصِٜ
:ٕخٜؿٝ خٜ٤كل
:ٍٞ ٗو.جخ٤ٗ حِٞٔؼ٣ ٕٕ أْٝ ىِٜٔ ٌٓخٕ ػ٢ حُؼٔخٍ ك٠زو٣ َٕحد أٟ اًح ًخٕ حإل-1
.Workers went on strike
114
َحدٌٟح حإلٛ ٍٖ ػٞظخكخص ك٘وُٜحٝ حُ٘ؼخٍحصٝ ح حُالكظخصٍٞكؼٝ َٔ اًح هَؽ حُؼٔخٍ ٖٓ ٌٓخٕ حُؼ-2
walkout
:ٌٍٞٔ٘٘خ حُو٣ٝ
.Workers walked out on strike
:ٍٞ ٌٓخٕ حُؼَٔ ٗو٠ٍُ اٞٓ٘غ حُؼٔخٍ ٖٓ حُيهٝ ٘غُٜٔ اؿالم حٚٗ ًُي كزبٌٓخٚؼـز٣ ُْ خكذ حُؼَٔ اًحٛ أٓخ
حإلؿالم
Close-out
٠ُغ ا٤ٔى حُـٞؼ٣ٝ خ٤ِخ كؼ٤َٜحد ٓ٘ظٟ حإلٝزق حإلؿالم أٜ٣ ،خصُٟٝش حُٔلخٝخ١ ٠ِٖ ػ٤ّ حُطَكٍِٞ ؿٞكٝ
.ٕٞٗ حُوخ٠ِٖ ػ٤ح هخٍؿٞزلٛاال أٝ ُٚأػٔخ
١ أكؼخٍ حإلٓظ٘خع ػٖ أٝ حُٔٔخٍٓخص أٝ حإلؿَحءحص أٝ ٖٓ هَحٍحص حإلىحٍس حُؼخٓش أ١ٍَ ٖٓ أ٠ ٓظ١لن أل٣«
ٌحٛ ٢٘ش ك٤حإلؿَحءحص حُٔزٝ ٍحٞكوخ ُألكٝ ٕحٞ٣ش حإلىحٍس حُؼخٓش أٓخّ حُيٜحؿٞٓ ٢ كٌُٟٞ٘ظويّ رخ٣ ٕ أ،خٜ٘ٓ
.ٕٞٗحُوخ
Translating ―hell
115
.خٜٔخ ط٘ظظَى ُظظَؿًٜٗؤٝ ُٜٙٞ٘زق حٜطٝ حُظَؿٔشٟٞٓ َُٟي كال طٞ ًخٍ ٓخ ك٠ُػ٘يٓخ ط٘ظَ ا
ٍ دمحمَُٞٓ هخٍ ح,يس حُلَحٍس٣ْ٘ ٗيٜٕ إٔ ؿُِٞٔٔٔؼظوي ح٣ٝ ٕ حُوَآًًَٙ ْ٤ ُِـل٢ٓطِق حإلٓالُٜٔ ح:ْٜ٘ؿ
“إ أٗي ٓخ: ٍ دمحم ملسو هيلع هللا ىلصَُٞٓ هخٍ ح,ىسَٝيس حُز٣ٗيٝ ]3[ ”.ْٜٖ٘ ؿِءح ٖٓ ٗخٍ ؿ٤ “ٗخًٍْ ؿِء ٖٓ ٓزؼ: ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص
ّ ٠ِ ًٔخ ى ٍّ حُوَإٓ ػ.زوخص١ خُٜ ٕأٝ ،َ٤ُِحى حًٞٔ ىحءٞٓ خٜٗأٝ ]4[ ”.َْٜ٘ ؿ٣َُٜٓ ٖٓ ٕ ٖٓ حُزَىٝطـي
ٕأ
.ْٜٕ٘ ؿِٞيه٤ٓ ٚح رَٝ ًلٝح رخهلل أًَٖٞٗ أ٣ٌُح
Jehannam: The Islamic term used to refer to the abyss. It is mentioned by the
Quran and Muslims believe it is divided into two parts: one that is hot and one that
is bitterly cold. Prophet Muhammad (SAW) says that all the hot fire that you find
on earth is a seventieth of that in the Abyss. He also preaches that the harshest cold
weather that awfully bites comes from the zamhareer of the abyss (zamhareer is the
cold part of the abyss). Night is eternal in the abyss, which the Quran says is the
abode of infidels and polytheists.
Per Curiam
SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES
JAMES ERIC MOORE v. UNITED STATES
James Eric Moore was convicted of one count of possessing cocaine base with
intent to distribute, [which is] a violation of 21 U. S. Code. §§841(a)(1) and (b)(1).
Given the quantity of crack cocaine, the presentence report calculated that Moore‘s
sentencing range under the United States Sentencing Guidelines was 151 to 188
months. At sentencing, Moore asked the District Court to impose a below-
Guidelines sentence in light of our decision in United States v. Booker, 543 U. S.
220 (2005), and the Guidelines‘ disparate treatment of similar amounts of crack
and powder cocaine.
116
The District Court refused, saying: ―With regard to the crack and powder cocaine
difference, that is the law. I‘m applying the law as it currently stands. If that is
going to be changed, that is a congressional matter. Congress is the one who looks
at the guidelines and decides whether or not they should be put in—in force. . . . It
isn‘t the judges. It‘s the lawmakers, and I have taken an oath to apply the law, and
that‘s what I will do in this sentencing.‖ App. C to Pet. for Cert. 55–56.
The District Court sentenced Moore to 188 months of imprisonment and six years
of supervised release.
Moore appealed, and the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit
affirmed his conviction and sentence. United States v. Moore, 470 F. 3d 767
(2006). In response to his claim that the District Court should have considered the
crack/powder disparity, the peals held that ―the district court was correct in
concluding that ‗neither Booker nor [18 U. S. C.] §3553(a) authorizes district
courts to reject‘ the powder cocaine to crack cocaine quantity ratio [which is]
mandated by Congress and [which is] reflected in the Guidelines.‖ Id., at 770
(quoting United States v. Spears, 469 F. 3d 1166, 1176 (CA8 2006) (en banc)).
Moore filed a petition for certiorari with this Court. Pet. for Cert. in Moore v.
United States, No. 06–9749.
While Moore‘s certiorari petition was pending, this Court issued its opinion in
Kimbrough v. United States, 552 U. S. ___ (2007), concluding that a judge ―may
consider the disparity between the Guidelines‘ treatment of crack and powder
cocaine offenses‖ when applying 18 U. S. C. §3553(a), ―even in a mine-run case.‖
Id., at ___, ___ (slip op., at 2, 21).
We granted Moore‘s petition, vacated the judgment, and remanded the case to the
Eighth Circuit for further consideration in light of Kimbrough. Moore v. United
States, 552 U. S. ___ (2008).
On remand, without new briefing, the Eighth Circuit affirmed again. 518 F. 3d 577
(2008). This time, the Court of Appeals concluded that ―[a]s there was then no
circuit authority to the contrary of the discretion exercised by some judges, we
presume the district court was aware that Booker granted it discretion to vary
downward based upon the impact of the crack cocaine guidelines on this
defendant, but elected not to exercise that discretion.‖ Id., at 580.
Proceeding pro se, Moore again petitioned for certiorari , arguing that the Eighth
Circuit‘s new characterization of the transcript is wrong, and that it is ―clear that
the district court thought judges had no discre[t]ion to reject‖ the Guidelines ratio.
Pet. for Cert. 7. The United States agrees that the Eighth Circuit erred, see Brief for
United States 9, and so do we.
117
When the District Court said that ―[i]t isn‘t the judges‖ but Congress that ―looks at
the [G]uidelines and decides whether or not they should be put . . . in force,‖ the
court
showed that it did not think it had the discretion later upheld by Kimbrough. App.
C to Pet. for Cert. 56. The Eighth Circuit‘s first decision recognized this,
describing the District Court as ―concluding‖ (correctly under circuit precedent)
that it was not ―authorize[d] . . . to reject‖ the crack/powder disparity. Moore, 470
F. 3d, at 770 (internal quotation marks omitted). In light of the District Court‘s
comments at sentencing, the Court of Appeals should have remanded the case to
the District Court for re-sentencing under Kimbrough. We express no views on
how the District Court should exercise its discretion at resentencing.
The petition for certiorari and the motion for leave to proceed in forma pauperis
are granted. The judgment of the Court of Appeals is reversed, and the case is
remanded for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
رمٍُ حٌّلىّش
ٓظجٕخف٨ش ر٘ؤْ لَحٍ ِلىّش ح١ى٠َِ٤خص حٌّظليس ح٠٨ٌٍٛ خ١ٍ حٌّلىّش حٌؼِٜ حٌّميَ ٌي١١ٍّذ حٌظ١ يٛك
ٌٍيحثَس حٌؼخِٕش
841 ؾ هالكخ ألكٌخّ حُٔخىس٣َٝي حُظٜٖ حُوخّ رو٤٣ًخٌُٞخُس ح٤ش ك٣ٍ رـ٘خٞٓ ي٣َ٣ْ ا٤ٖٔ ؿ٣ أى-روِْ حُٔلٌٔش
.ش٤ٌ٣َٓخص حُٔظليس حأل٣الُٖٞ ح٤ٗحٞػش هٞٔ ٖٓ ٓـ21 َٜ) ٖٓ حُل1()(دٝ )1()خ (أٜ٤رلوَط
٢ٍ كٞٓ ش٤٠ ه٠ِن ػ٤حؿذ حُظطزٝ ٌْ ٗطخم حُل٢ٟ حكظٔذ حُوخ،ّ٘غُٜٖٔ ح٤٣ًخٌُٞش ح٤ًٔ ٍٓغ حألهٌ رخالػظزخ
ْ كز٠ِ ػٚ٘٣ ١ٌُ ح،ش٤ٌ٣َٓخص حُٔظليس حأل٣الُٞ ح٢ؿذ اٍٗخىحص حُلٌْ كَٞٔ ٓخ هزَ حُ٘طن رخُلٌْ ر٣َطو
حُٔلٌٔش٠ٍُ اٞٓ ِذ١ ،ٌْػ٘ي حُ٘طن رخُلٝ .َحٜٗ 188 ٝ 151 ٖ٤ف رٝش ٓيس طظَح٤٠ حُوٌٙٛ َ ٓؼ٢حُٔيحٕ ك
٢ء هَحٍٗخ كٟٞ ٠ًُِي ػٝ رخإلٍٗخىحصٚ٤ِ ػُٜٙٞ٘ٔ ح٠ٗ كٌٔخ أهَ ٖٓ حُلي حألىٚ٤ِ ػَٝش إٔ طل٤ٔ٤ِحإله
شٜخص حُٔظ٘خر٤ٌُِٔ ش٤ِٟء حُٔؼخِٓش حُظلخٟٞ ٠ًٌُِي ػٝ )ًَٞي رٟ ش٤ٌ٣َٓخص حُٔظليس حأل٣الُٞش (ح٤٠ه
.ّٖ حُوخ٤٣ًخٌُٞحٝ ٘غُٜٖٔ ح٤٣ًخٌُِٞ
ّ ّاال
،٘غُٜٖٔ ح٤٣ًخٌُٞحٝ ّٖ حُوخ٤٣ًخٌُٖٞ ح٤ حُلَم رٚو٣ ٔخ٤ “ك:ض حُطِذ هخثِش٠ش ٍك٤ٔ٤ِإٔ حُٔلٌٔش حإله
َٕٞٛٓ َٓ أٜٞ كَٙ٤٤ش طـ٤٠ أٓخ ه.ٕ٥ هخثْ حٞٛ ٕ ًٔخٞٗزن حُوخ١ أ٢٘ٗ ا.ٕٞٗ حُوخٞٛ ٌحٜك
118
رخٌُٗٞـَّ .كخٌُٗٞـَّ ٞٛحٌُ٘٣ ١ظَ ك ٢حإلٍٗخىحص ٣ٝوٍَ ٓخ اًح ًخٕ ٓ٠٤ؼٜخ ك ِ٤حُ٘لخً أّ الْ٤ُٝ… .
ًُي ٗؤٕ حُو٠خس رَ ٗ ٞٛؤٕ حَُٔ٘ػُٝ .ٖ٤وي أى٣ض هٔٔخ إٔ أ١زن حُوخٌٗٛٝ ٕٞح ٓخ ٓٞف أكؼَ كٌٛ ٢ح
حُلٌْ( ”.حُِٔلن ؽ ُطِذ حُظٌٌٔٛٝ .)56-55 ِ٤٤ح ،كٌٔض حُٔلٌٔش حإلهِ٤ٔ٤ش ػِ ٍٞٓ ٠رخُلزْ 188
َٜٗح ٝاه٠خػُٔ ٚض ٓ٘ٞحص ٖٓ حَُهخرش.
ُْ ٍٞٓ َٝ٣رخُوَحٍ كخٓظؤٗق حُلٌْ ُيٓ ٟلٌٔش حالٓظج٘خف ك ٢حُٞال٣خص حُٔظليس حألَٓ٤ٌ٣ش ُِيحثَس حُؼخٓ٘ش
حُظ ٢أًيص ػِ ٠حإلىحٗش ٝحُلٌْ( .حُٞال٣خص حُٔظليس ٟي ٍٓٝ .)ٍٞىح ػِ ٠حىػخث ٚإٔ حُٔلٌٔش حإلهِ٤ٔ٤ش ًخٕ
ػِٜ٤خ إٔ طؤهٌ رخالػظزخٍ حُظلخٝص ر ٖ٤حًٌُٞخ ٖ٤٣حُّٜٔ٘غ ٝحُوخّ ،هخُض حُٔلٌٔش “أٛخرض حُٔلٌٔش حإلهِ٤ٔ٤ش ك٢
حٓظ٘ظخؽ إٔ :ال ه٤٠ش رٝ ًَٞال حُٔخىس (3553أ) ٖٓ ٓـٔٞػش هٞحٗ ٖ٤حُٞال٣خص حُٔظليس ،حُل ،18 َٜطوٍٞ
حُٔلٌٔش حإلهِ٤ٔ٤ش رَكٔٗ ٞزش ًٔ٤ش حًٌُٞخ ٖ٤٣حُوخّ اُ ٠حًٌُٞخ ٖ٤٣حُٜٔ٘غ حُظ ٚٗ ٢ػِٜ٤خ حٌُٗٞـَّ
ٝحُٔظزؼش ك ٢حإلٍٗخىحص”.
ٝرٔ٘٤خ ًخٕ ِ١ذ حُظٔ ِ٤٤حٌُ ١طويّ رٓ ٍٞٓ ٚخ ُحٍ ه٤ي حُيٍحٓش ،أٛيٍص ٌٙٛحُٔلٌٔش ٍأٜ٣خ ك ٢ه٤٠ش ًٔزَٝ
ٟي حُٞال٣خص حُٔظليس ٓٔظوِٜش أٗ٣“ ٚـُِ ُٞوخ ٢ٟإٔ ٣ؤهٌ رؼ ٖ٤حالػظزخٍ حُلَم رٓ ٖ٤ؼخِٓش حإلٍٗخىحص
ُـَحثْ حٌُٞحً ٖ٤٤حُوخّ ٝحُٜٔ٘غ” ػ٘ي ططز٤ن حُٔخىس (3553أ) ٖٓ حُلُٔ 18 َٜـٔٞػش هٞحٗ ٖ٤حُٞال٣خص
حُٔظليس حألَٓ٤ٌ٣ش “كظ ٠ك ٢حُو٠خ٣خ حُؼخى٣ش”.
ٝرٌُي هزِ٘خ ِ١ذ حُظٔ ِ٤٤حُٔويّ ٖٓ ٍٓٝ ٍٞىىٗخ حُوَحٍ حُٟٔٔٞٞٓ ِ٤ػخ ُِيحثَس حُؼخٓ٘ش ُظؼ٤ي حُ٘ظَ ك ٚ٤ػِ٠
ٟٞء ه٤٠ش ًٔزَٝ .ٝػ٘ي اػخىس حُ٘ظَ ك ٢حُلٌْ ٝىَٓ ٕٝحكؼخص ؿي٣يس ،أًيص حُيحثَس حُؼخٓ٘ش ػِ ٠حُلٌْ
ٓـيىح ٝك ٌٙٛ ٢حَُٔس هخُض حُٔلٌٔشُ“ :ؼيّ ٛي ٍٝأٓ ١ؼخٍٟش كًُ ٢ي حُل ٖٓ ٖ٤حُيحثَس حُؼخٓ٘ش [أ١
رو ٜٙٞحُوَحٍحص حُظٓ ٢خٍّ كٜ٤خ حُو٠خس حالؿظٜخى ٝحُِٔطش حُظوي٣َ٣ش] ،كبٗ٘خ ٗلظََّ ٝ
إٔ حُٔلٌٔش حإلهِ٤ٔ٤ش
ًخٗض طيٍى إٔ ه٤٠ش ر٘ٓ ًَٞلظٜخ حُِٔطش حُظوي٣َ٣ش ك ٢حُِ٘ ٍٝػٖ حُلي حألىُِٗ ٠لٌْ ٝكوخ ألػَ اٍٗخىحص
حًٌُٞخ ٖ٤٣حُٜٔ٘غ ػِ ٠حُٔيػ ٠ػٌُِٜ٘ ،ٚ٤خ ٓغ ًُي حهظخٍص ػيّ ٓٔخٍٓش ٌٙٛحُِٔطش حُظوي٣َ٣ش”.
اػَ ًُي ،طَحكغ ٓ ٍٞػٖ ٗلٔ ٚىٓ ٕٝلخّ ٝهيّ ٓـيىح ِ١زخ ُظٔ ِ٤٤حُوَحٍ هخثال إ ط٘و ٚ٤حُيحثَس حُؼخٓ٘ش
حُـي٣ي ُٔل َ٠حُٔلٌٔش حإلهِ٤ٔ٤ش هخ١ت (ٞ٘٣ر ٚحُوٝ )ٍٜٞأًٗ ٚخٕ ٖٓ حُٞحٟق ّ
إٔ “حُٔلٌٔش حإلهِ٤ٔ٤ش ظ٘ض
ألص حُو٠خس ال ٣ظٔظؼ ٕٞرلن ٓٔخٍٓش حُِٔطش حُظوي٣َ٣ش َُك ”ٞحُ٘ٔزش حُٔليىس ك ٢حإلٍٗخىحص .طٞحكن
حُٞال٣خص حُٔظليس ػِ ٠إٔ حُيحثَس حُؼخٓ٘ش هي ؿخٗذ حُٜٞحد ٗٝلٖ ًَُٗ ٟي أ٠٣خ.
ػ٘يٓخ هخُض حُٔلٌٔش حإلهِ٤ٔ٤ش ” كخٌُٗٞـَّ ٞٛحٌُ٘٣ ١ظَ ك ٢حإلٍٗخىحص ٣ٝوٍَ ٓخ اًح ًخٕ ٓ٠٤ؼٜخ كِ٤
حُ٘لخً أّ الًُ ْ٤ُٝ… .ي ٗؤٕ حُو٠خس رَ ٗ ٞٛؤٕ حَُٔ٘ػ ”ٖ٤كبٜٗخ رٌُي طُظ َٜأٜٗخ ُْ طٌٖ طؼظوي أٜٗخ طظٔظغ
رخُِٔطش حُظوي٣َ٣ش حُظٍٓٞٓ ٢ض ك ٢كظَس الكوش ك ٢ه٤٠ش ًٔ٤زَٝ .ٝهي أهَص حُيحثَس حُؼخٓ٘ش ًُي ك ٢هَحٍٛخ
حألٝ ٍٝحٛلش “حُٔلٌٔش حإلهِ٤ٔ٤ش ػِ ٠أٜٗخ حٓظ٘ظـض (ٝأٛخرض ك ٢حٓظ٘ظخؿٜخ ٝكوخ ُِٔخروش حُو٠خث٤ش ُِيحثَس
حُؼخٓ٘ش) أٜٗخ ُْ طٌٖ “ٓوُٞش …َُك ”ٞحُظلخٝص ر ٖ٤حًٌُٞخ ٖ٤٣حُٜٔ٘غ ٝحًٌُٞخ ٖ٤٣حُوخّٝ .ػِٟٞ ٠ء
طؼِ٤وخص حُٔلٌٔش حإلهِ٤ٔ٤ش ػ٘ي حُ٘طن رخُلٌْ ًخٕ ػِٓ ٠لٌٔش حالٓظج٘خف إٔ طَى حُو٤٠ش اُ ٠حُٔلٌٔش حإلهِ٤ٔ٤ش
إلػخىس حُلٌْ ػِٟٞ ٠ء ه٤٠ش ًٔ٤زَٗٝ .ٝلٖ ال ٗزي ١أٝ ١ؿٜش ٗظَ ك٤ً ٍٞل٤ش ٓٔخٍٓش حُٔلٌٔش حإلهِ٤ٔ٤ش
ُِٔطظٜخ حُظوي٣َ٣ش ػ٘ي اػخىس حُلٌْ.
ٌُُي هٍَٗخ هزِ١ ٍٞذ حُظٍٔٝ ِ٤٤ى حُوَحٍ حُٟٔٔٞٞٓ ِ٤ػخ ًٌُٝي هٍَٗخ هزِ١ ٍٞذ ٓ ٍٞرظؤؿ َ٤ىكغ
حَُٓ٣ .ّٞلٔن حُوَحٍ حُٟٔٔٞٞٓ ِ٤ػخ ٣ٝؼخى اُ ٠حُيحثَس حُؼخٓ٘ش إلػخىس حُ٘ظَ ك ٚ٤رٔخ ٔ٘٣ـْ ٓغ ٌٛح حَُأ.١
119
ٟٓخ١ٓ-ٟلفٛ( ًؽ طَؿّشّٛٔ)
ؾُٜ٘ ٓغ ح٠ٗظٔخ٣ ؾ= رٔخُِٜ٘ كوخٝ =ؾُٜ٘خٍ ح١ ا٢ك approach ؾٜٗ
he demonstrated that he was a = كخَٓ ٍٓخُشٚٗ أ٢ٛٝ وش٤َ كوٜ أظ:ًخٕ كخَٓ ٍٓخُش
.…bearer of
when addressing the Doha Summit كشٝ هٔش حُي٢خ كٜذ هخىط١وخ٣ ٞٛٝ
straightforward = أٓخٗشٝ يمٛ =ّ حٌُال٢ال هيحع كٝ ٘خص٤ٔ٠ال طٝ لخص٤ِٔٓزخَٗس = ال ط
120
enlightened = insightful =َ٤ُ٘ حِٚٔظَ٘ف حُٔٔظوزَ رؼو٣ ١ٌُ = ح٢ٓي حَُٔح٤رؼ
developments = حُٔٔظـيحص
putting record straight =خٜخرٜٗ ٢ٍ كٞٓؼخ حألٟحٝ = فَٝ حُل٠ِ ػ١ؼخ ٗوخٟحٝ
changes الصٞطل
vision ش٣ٍإ
interests خُقٜٓ
unity كيسٝ precursor َء آه٢ٗ عٝ كي٠ُ ا١ئى٣ ٚػٝ رلي١ٌُء ح٢ُ٘ح
123
حٌظَؿّشٟمخص ف١ططز
حَٓسٍْٝ ػِٕٛخ٠ ىٌٕٛٙخثفش حٌفمَحء ح١ : ً حٌّؼخي١ ٓزٍٝػٚ .ٌُ٤ حىٍحن حٟ٘خِخ فٚ َح١ٍح وزٍٚؼذ حٌّن ى٠
ءٟٗ ٍٞ رؤْٛ حٌ٘ؼٚٗ ى١ُ حٌلخفِٙق حٌـَّ رؤليحْٛ فّٛ٘٠ َٚ ح١ِ ِٓ ِٔخ.
Between September 1939 and September 1945 the world experienced a ―total
war " fought by countries that devoted their full human and material
resources to the complete destruction of their enemies.
.يٚخ وخفش حٌيٙ١رـ " كَد ٗخٍِٗ " كخٍرض ف1945 َ ٓزظّزٚ 1939 َٓ ٓزظّز١ حٌفظَٖ ِخ رَِٟ حٌؼخٌُ ف
.٩َِح وخ١ِػيحء طي٤َ ح٠حٌطخلخص ٌظيٚ حٍىٌّٛلي ٓوَ ؿً حٚ
The human body can defend itself against hundreds of diseases. The body can
also repair itself after most small injuries. Many body parts, such as the heart
and kidneys, work continuously.
وّخ.َٖ١غٌٜف حَٚف ٔفٔٗ ِٓ حٌـ٩ّٛىٕٗ ح٠ وّخ,َِٝح٤َ حٌّجخص ِٓ حٚمخ٠ ْ حَٞ٘غ حٌـٔي حٌز١ٔظط٠
. ٗ٠ٍربٓظَّحٚ ٍٝحٌىٚ خ وخٌمٍذ١ٌخء حٌـُٔ ح٠َ ِٓ أػ١ؼًّ حٌىؼ٠
124
Australia threatened to contest or (protest) against proposed American
Agricultural law at the International Trade Organization (ITO). However, the
Asians seemed willing to give some support for the American Law as it means a
reduction of the price of the goods they import. Moreover, theirs law may harm
the Australian sugar exporters, while a strong competition is taken place between
the Australians and the Americans over exporting wheat and cotton. Criticized
the law approved by the Congress last Friday and will last for six years. The law
will increase the annual support given to the farmers by 4, 8 Billions U.S.D.
The school districts mentioned in the material were notified in the past few
weeks so the would-be aware and could take any action they deemed
necessary. In some cases, they were asked not to make the information public
because it is classified.
ء٩ اه٢هطٚ ٗ١ّ٠ِخص حوخىٍٛ ِؼٍٝخْ ػ٠ٛلظ٠ ٌٟ كخٓذ آَٟٛ لٍٝش رخٌؼَحق ػ١ى٠َِ٤حص حٛػؼَص حٌم
ٍ٘خد٤ٍٗ ٌٌٌه رخٛ ٞٗ أ١ٌيٍح١ٌُ طـي حٌّزخكغ حٌفٚ .ٗ١ى٠َِخص ح٠٨ٚ ٗ رٔض١ٍٓك ِي١ٍ ٌؼّخْ ِٕخٛٛٚ
ٍخىٌَّٜكض حٛ خص حٌّظليٖ وّخ لي٠٨ٌٛيف ِيحٍّ رخٙى ِئحَِٖ طٔظٛؿٚ ٌَٝ ح١ِ٘خص طٍٛ ِؼٞوّخ ٔفض أ
ّٗٓ ِٕظ١ٔحٛلٚ ٟٔؽ ِٓ حٌّزخَٚخص ٌٍو١ـ١ حٓظَحطٍٝخْ ػ٠ٛلظ٠ ْخَٛي حْ حٌمَٚف ِٔئٛ وّخ.ٗ١ِٛحٌلى
ٗ١ٟغ حٌّخ١ٓخر٤ حٟٕٗ ف١طُ حهطخٍ حٌّيحٍّ حٌّؼٚ .ش١ّ١ٍجش طؼ١ أ٘خء رٚـخى أ٠ِخص ػٓ اٍِٛؼٚ نٌٍٍٛٔ
خٙظ٠ٌَٔ ِخصٍْٛ حٌّؼ٩ػيَ حػٚ ُِٕٙ ٍذ١ ص٨ حٌلخٞ رؼٟفٚ . َ١خ ِٓ طيحر٠ٍَٟٚ ٖ طظوٌ ِخ طَحًٌٟه وٚ
َخ١ٌٜح
ّٟىٓ ف٠ غ١ ٓٓ حٌٔخرؼٗ رلًٌٝ حٌطفً حٜ٠ ليع ًٌه ػٕيِخ٠ ,خ١ـ٠ٍخَ طي١ٌٜ حٍٝى ػٛظؼ٠ ًف١ ض١ وً رٟف
ْٛى٠ ٞزق ِطخٌزخ رؤىحء حٌفَحثٛحٚ ؽٍٛ ٓٓ حٌزًٌٝ حٛٚ حًح ِخٝثً كظ٩خَ ل٠٤ َٜٛ٠ ْٓٓ حٌؼخِٕٗ ح
ٟرخء ف٢ش ح١ٌٚ ِٔئٟ٘ طٍهٚ ,َ ِٓ وً ػخ٩َِح وخٙٗ َِٔخن ػٓ حٌطؼخ٦ٗ رخ١ٍَ لخىٍح ػٌٜٛ حٍِٝؼظخىح ػ
ليػٕخ٠ عٌّٟٛٛي ٌ٘ح حٛكٚ, َخ١ٌٜرٕخء حػٕخء فظَس ح٥ٌ ٍِٗش حٌىخ١لٌٜ حْ طظُ حٌّظخرؼش حٍٝ ػ,رٕخء٤خَ ح١ٛ
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ًزيأ حٌطف٠ ػٕيِخ:يٛم١ٓ ّْٗ ف١ش حٌطذ رـخِؼش ػ١ٍ رىّٟ٠ٌٙخُ حٙخد كٔٓ ٔ٘ؤص أٓظخً حٌـٙ٠ٍ اٛحٌيوظ
ش١ّخىس و٠ًٌِه رٚ .ّٗٔرٗ ٌلخؿش ؿٍٛٗ حٌّط١ّرخٌىٚ ٗش غٌحث١ػٕٛحٌيحٖ رٚ ُظٙ٠ ْـذ ح٠ َخ١ٌٜ طؼٍُ حٟف
ٗ١ٔف حٌّؼي٩ِ٤حٚ ٕخص١ِظخ١ٗ ِٓ حٌف١ِّٕلٗ وٚ ,ِْٕظـخص حٌزخٚ ٞ١رٚ يٛرمٚ ٍَٛس ٌلٛٛ ٟٕخص ف١طَٚحٌز
٨كظش ح٩ِ ِغ,ٍُ٤ً ِٓ ح١ٍ لٌٝخفٗ حٟ٤ رخ,ٗحوٛفٚ ٖٛٙ ِطٚخُؿٗ ح١ حصَٚ٠ٍس هٛٛ ٟحٌّخء فٚ
.َفط٠ ْـذ ح٠ ٍ٘خق٦ٍٖ رخٛ كخٌش ٗؼٟفٚ ٗ١لٌٜ حٌّظخػذ حٍٚ٘خق ح٧ٌ ً حٌطفَٝظؼ٠
Fasting
There is a kid who learns to fast gradually in every (or almost every) Muslim
house. It happens when the kid reaches the age of 7 (his seven birthday); so that
when reaches 8 he may be able to fast for afew days. When he is an adult and
obliged to perform his Islamic religious duties he will be used to refrain from
food and fast for a month each year. The whole process is a parental
responsibility; as they should care for their kids' health during this period.
About this matter, Dr Ehab H.N. the digestive system consultant in the faculty of
Medicine at 3en Shams University states that when the kid starts to practice
fasting, his parents should look after the quantity and quality of his nutrition.
They have to increase the amount of protein he gets by providing more meat,
eggs, legumes and dairy products, Vitamins and Minerals through fresh water,
vegetables, fruits and rice. They (parents) consider in mind that the kid shouldn't
get exhausted on suffering health problems. In case it happened he (must) break
fasting.
٢ِٛ حألُٚ٘ح
ٌٟٚ حٌيٟم٠َف٦ حٟش ٌٍزٕه حٌؼَر٠ٍِش طـخ٩ً ػ٠ؿخثِس أف
،2010 ّش ُؼخ٣ٍَ ػالٓش طـخ٠ ُـخثِس أك٢ُٝ حُي٢و٣َ حإلك٢خٍ حُز٘ي حُؼَر٤ طْ حهظ٢ُحٞ حُظ٢ُِِؼخّ حَُحرغ ػ
َ٤٣ٓؼخٝ ْٓ أ٢ِخ ػٜٔ٤٤ طو٢يس طؼظٔي ك٣ ٓئٓٔش ٓلخ٢ٛٝ ش٤ُٔ« حُؼخsuperbrands 2010» ٖٓ هزَ ٓئٓٔش
.ِس٤ٔش حُٔظ٣ٍحألٓٔخء حُظـخٝ ْ حُٔخًٍخص٤٤ش ُظو٤ُٔػخ
حُز٘ي ٖٓ ٌٓخٗشٚظٔظغ ر٣ ِس طؼزَ ػٖ ٓخ٤ٔٓ ش٤ٜ ٗو٢ُٝ حُي٢و٣َ حإلك٢ش ُِز٘ي حُؼَر٣ٍطٔؼَ حُؼالٓش حُظـخ
كوي،َ حُٔٔظوز٢ كٜٚؿٞطٝ خٜئٖٓ ر٣ ٢ْ حُظ٤ اػزخص حُو٢ِخ ػٜس ػٖ هيٍطٝ ػال،حُٔ٘طوشٝ َٜٓ ٢ش كٛهخ
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ٍٙٞ ىػْ طط٢ِ ًٔخ ٓخػيص ػ،مُٞٔ ح٢َ كٛحٞ حُٔظٙٞٔٗٝ ٢و٣َحإلكٝ ٢ش حُؼَر٣ٍ حُؼالٓش حُظـخٌٙٛ هيٓض
حُٔٔؼشٝ ٢ُٝ حُي٢و٣َ حإلك٢ْ كؼَحهش حُز٘ي حُؼَر٤ٓغ طْ طؤ٤ش ٓظٌخِٓش ك٤ُػش ٓخٞٔ ٓـ٢ُن ا٣َٖٓ ر٘ي ػ
ش رؼوش٤َكُْٜٔ حُويٓخص ح٣ ٓـخٍ طوي٢ كٚخىط٣ٍٝ ،1964 ّ ػخٚ ٌٓ٘ ٗ٘ؤطٚ٤ٔٛس ٓٔخٞخ روٜ حًظٔز٢زش حُظ٤حُط
ش٤ٔ٘ ط٢ق كٟحٝ َخ أػُٜ ٢حُظٝ ،خٜئٖٓ ر٣ ٢ش حُظ٤ش حالؿظٔخػ٤ُٞ حُٔٔجٙ طـخ٢ـخر٣ حالٍٙٝال ػٖ ى٠ ك،ِ٤ٔطٝ
اال طَؿٔش٢ٛ حَٓ ٓخٞ حُؼٌٜٙ ك١َُٜٔم حُٞٔ ح٢س كٞ روٙٞٔٗٝ ٍٙ َٓػش حٗظ٘خ٢ُخكش اٟ رخإل،حُٔـظٔغ
٢ِحّ ػٞ ٓيحٍ أٍرؼش أػ٢ِش ػ٣ٍَ ػالٓش طـخ٠ ُوذ أك٢ِ ػُٜٚٞ ك٢ِ ٓخػيص ػ٢خثزش حُظُٜيحف حُٛأل
حُٔخكش٢ِى حَُحثيس ػٖٞ٘ٔ حُزٟ ِح٤ٔيٍ ًَِٓح ٓظٜظ٣ ٕ أ٢ ٖٓ ٗـخف كٚ ٓخ كوو٢ِخ ىالُش ػٜٗ ًٔخ أ،٢ُحٞحُظ
ش٤َكُٜٔح
حٌظَؿّش
Arab African International Bank (AAIF) has won for the fourth successive year
Superbrands‘ Award for the strongest brand 2010.
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ٍٟٛ٤ حٌٕٚح
ٓ٘لض ٓئٓٔشSuperbrands َّ ػٖ ػخٜٓ ش ُز٘ي٣ٍَ حُؼالٓخص حُظـخ٠ ؿخثِس أك٢ُحٞ حُظ٠ِ ػ٢ُِٗؼخّ حُؼخ
ٓئٓٔخص ٓوظِلشٝ ش ًَُ٘خص٣ٍ ػالٓش طـخ3000 ٖ٤ ٖٓ رٍٙخ٤غ طْ حهظ٤ ك،2010/2009.
َ٤٣ ػيس ٓؼخ٠ِٖ ػ٣ًٍزخٍ حُٔٔظ٘خٝ ػش ٖٓ حُوزَحءْٞٔ طظْ رٔؼَكش ٓـ٤٤ ؿِٔخص طو٠ُطٔظ٘ي حُٔئٓٔش اٝ
ٍْٓ حالٞ هزٟ ُٔؼَكش ٓي،ش٣ٍ ػالٓش طـخ3000 ٠ُش ٖٓ حؿٔخ٣ٍ ػالٓش طـخ100 َ٠خٍ أك٤ش الهظ٤ػٟٞٞٓ
٢ِي كٜ ٓٔظ1000 ٖٓ ٗشٌٞٓ ٘ش٤ ػ٠ِ ػ٢ٗيح٤ٓ ٔظظزغ ًُي اؿَحء رلغ٣ٝ ،ُٚ الء حُؼٔالءٝ ىٍؿشٝ ١ٍحُظـخ
،ش٤ـ٣َٝحُلٔالص حُظٝ ش٣ٍَ حُؼالٓش حُظـخ٤٠ طلٟش ُٔؼَكش ٓي٤هُٞٔ حألرلخع ح٠ِ طؼظٔي ػ١َُٜٔم حُٞٔح
ش٣ٍحالٗظٔخء ُِؼالٓش حُظـخٝ ٚـ٣َٝظْ ط٣ ًٌح حالُظِحّ رٔخٝ.
ٓئٓٔشٍٙيٜ ط١ٌُ ح١َُٞ٘ٔ ح٤َُ رخُيٜٓ هي طْ اىٍحؽ حْٓ ر٘يٝ Superbrands َ٠ٖٔ أكٟ ٚلٛٞر
٢حُظٝ ٢ٓٝحَُ٘م حألٝ َٜٔحًَُ٘خص رٝ حُٔئٓٔخصَٟٖ ًز٤ ر،2010/2009 ّش ُؼخ٣ٍحُؼالٓخص حُظـخ
ْ٤٤ػش ُِظوَُٟٞٞٔ ح٤٣خ ًخكش حُٔؼخٜ٤ِط٘طزن ػ.
حٌظَؿّش
Banque Misr, for the second successive year, has been awarded Superbrands‘
Status for the strongest brand in Egypt and the Middle East. With 3000 brands
entering the contest, the winner is decided through strict procedures involving a
number of experts and serious consultants, who give their input based on objective
criteria.
Top 100 brands are selected from 3000 in light of the brand‘s acceptance and
customers‘ loyalty. A field research is then conducted on a sample population of
1000 customers in the Egyptian market to get more insight on subject brand
preference, promotional campaigns and commitment to promoted features of the
given brand.
Fulfilling all set criteria, Banque Misr is now included in Superbrands‘ Yearbook
as one of the strongest brands for the year 2009-2010 in Egypt and the Middle East
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ش١ أىرٜٙٛٔ
First Story
There was a boy who was always losing his temper. His father gave him
a bag full of nails and said to him, ―My son, I want you to hammer a nail
into our garden fence every time you need to direct your anger against
something and you lose your temper.‖
So the son started to follow his father‘s advice. On the first day he
hammered in nails, but getting the nails into the fence was not easy, so
he started trying to control himself when he got.
As the days went by, he was hammering in less nails, and within weeks
he was able to control himself and was able to refrain from getting and
from hammering nails. He came to his father and told him what he had
achieved. His father was with his efforts and said to him: ―But now, my
son, you have to take out a nail for every day that you do not get.‖
The son started to take out the nails for each day thathe did not get, until
there were no nails left in the fence. He came to his father and told him
what he had achieved. His father took him to the fence and said, ―My
son, you have done well, but look at these holes in the fence. This fence
will never be the same again.‖ Then he added: ―When you say things in
a state of anger, they leave marks like these holes on the hearts of
others.You can stab a person and withdraw the knife but it
doesn‘t matter how many times you say ‗I‘m sorry,‘ because the wound
will remain.
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..حٌظَؿّش..
ًخٕ ٘ٛخى ُٝي ػٜزًٝ ٢خٕ ٣لوي ٞٛحر ٚرٌَ٘ ٓٔظَٔ كؤكٝ ُٚ َ٠حُئ٤ً ٙخ ِٓٔٞءح
رخُٔٔخٓٝ َ٤هخٍ ُ:ٚ
٣خ ر٘ ٢أٍ٣يى إٔ طيم ٓٔٔخٍح ك٤ٓ ٢خؽ كي٣وظ٘خ حُو٘زًِٔ ٢خ حؿظخكظي ٓٞؿش ؿ٠ذ
.... ٝحُيٙ ٗ٤ٜلش رظ٘لٌ٤ حُُٞي ريأ ٌٌٛٝح أػٜخري. ٝكويص
كيم ك ٢حُ ّٞ٤حألٔٔٓ 37 ٍٝخٍح ٌُٖٝ ،اىهخٍ حُٔٔٔخٍ ك ٢حُٔ٤خؽ ُْ ٜٓ ٌٖ٣ال .
كزيأ ٣لخ ٍٝطٔخُي ٗلٔ ٚػ٘ي حُـ٠ذ ٝ ،رؼيٛخ ٝرؼي َٓ ٍٝأ٣خّ ًخٕ ٣يم ٓٔخٓ َ٤أهَ،
ٝك ٢أٓخر٤غ طٌٖٔ ٖٓ ٟزٗ ٢لٔٝ ، ٚطٞهق ػٖ حُـ٠ذ ٝػٖ ىم حُٔٔخٓ ، َ٤كـخء
ٝحُيٝ ٙأهزَ ٙربٗـخُ ٙكلَف حألد رٌٜح حُظلٝ ، ٍٞهخٍ ُ ٌُٖٝ : ٚػِ٤ي ح٣ ٕ٥خ ر٘٢
حٓظوَحؽ ٓٔٔخٍ ٌَُ َٔ٣ ّٞ٣ػِ٤ي ُْ طـ٠ذ كٝ.ٚ٤ريأ حُُٞي ٖٓ ؿي٣ي روِغ حُٔٔخٓ َ٤ك ٢حُّٞ٤
حٌُ ١ال ٣ـ٠ذ ك ٚ٤كظ ٠حٗظ ٖٓ ٠ٜحُٔٔخٓ َ٤ك ٢حُٔ٤خؽ .كـخء اُٝ ٠حُيٝ ٙأهزَ ٙربٗـخَُٓ ٙس
أهَ ، ٟكؤهٌٝ ٙحُي ٙاُ ٠حُٔ٤خؽ ٝهخٍ ُ٣ : ٚخ ر٘ ٢أكٔ٘ض ٘ٛؼخ ٌُٖٝ ،حٗظَ ح ٕ٥اُ ٠طِي
حُؼوٞد ك ٢حُٔ٤خؽ ٌٛ ،ح حُٔ٤خؽ ُٖ ًٔ ٌٕٞ٣خ ًخٕ أريح ٝ ،أٟخف :ػ٘يٓخ طو ٍٞأٗ٤خء ك ٢كخُش
حُـ٠ذ كبٜٗخ طظَى آػخٍح ٓؼَ ٌٙٛحُؼوٞد كٗ ٢ل ّٞح٥هَ . ٖ٣طٔظط٤غ إٔ ططؼٖ حإلٗٔخٕ
ٝطُوَؽ حٌُٔ ٌُٖٝ ٖ٤ال َٓ ًْ ْٜ٣س طو : ٍٞأٗخ آٓق ألٕ حُـَف ٓ٤ظَ ٘ٛخى.
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ش١ٔش حٌؼخٜحٌم
ىْٚ ٌٗ كي١ٌ حٌلذ
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ش حٌؼخٌؼشٜحٌم
Once upon a time, there was an island where all the feelings lived:
Happiness, Sadness, Knowledge, and all of the others, including Love.
One day it was announced to the feelings that the island would sink, so
all constructed boats and left Except for Love.
Love was the only one who stayed. Love wanted to hold
out until the last possible moment.
When the island had almost sunk, Love decided to ask for help.
Richness was passing by Love in a grand boat. Love said, "Richness,
"?can you take me with you
Richness answered, "No, I can't. There is a lot of gold and silver in my
boat. There is no place here for you." Love decided to ask Vanity who
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was also passing by in a beautiful vessel. "Vanity, please help me!"
"I can't help you, Love. You are all wet and might damage my
boat," Vanity answered.
Sadness was close by so Love asked, "Sadness, let me go with you." "Oh
. . . Love, I am so sad that I need to be by myself!"
Happiness passed by Love, too, but she was so happy that
she did not even hear when Love called her.
Suddenly, there was a voice, "Come, Love, I will take you.
" It was an elder. So blessed and overjoyed, Love even forgot
to ask the elder where they were going. When they arrived
at dry land, the elder went her own way. Realizing how
much was owed the elder, Love asked Knowledge, another elder, "Who
Helped me?"
"It was Time," Knowledge answered.
"Time?" asked Love. "But why did Time help me?"
Knowledge smiled with deep wisdom and answered,
"Because only Time is capable of understanding how
valuable Love is.
لضٌٛحٚ حٌلذ
ًَٝ حُٔؼَكشٝ ِٕحُلٝ حُٔؼخىس: غ ًَ حُٔ٘خػَػخٗض٤َس ك٣ِ٘خى ؿٛ ْٕ حُِٓخٕ ًخ٣ هي٢ك
يس٤ُ٘ٔحٍد حًَٞ حُوٝ ,َس ٓظـَم٣ِ حػِٖ رخٕ حُـ١ٌُّ حٞ٤ُ ح٢ك, ْ حُلذٜٟ٘ٔ ٖٓٝ ٖ٣َه٥ح
.ٓخ ػيح حُلذ,ؿخىٍص
.َس٤ حُِلظش حُٔلظِٔش حاله٠ى كظُٜٞٔحُلذ حٍحى ح. ٠ رو١ٌُي ح٤كُٞ حٞٛ ٕحُلذ ًخ
ّ ٖٓ حٓخ٢َ٘ٓ حُـ. حُلذ هٍَ حُٔئحٍ ػٖ حُٔٔخػيس, زخ٣ََس طو٣ِػ٘يٓخ ؿَهض حُـ
حٗخ ال، " ال: ٢٘ حُـٚ ٓؼي ؟ حؿخر٢ٌَٗ رخالٌٓخٕ حٕ طؤهٛ : هخٍ حُلذ, َ٤حُلذ ٖٓ ًَٓذ ًز
". ٘خى ٌٓخٕ ُيٛ ْ٤ُ , ٢ ًَٓز٢ كٚ٠حُلٝ ذٌَُٛ ٖٓ ح٤٘خى حٌُؼٛ , غ٤حٓظط
؟٢ٗى ٓخػيٞ حٍؿ,ٍَٝ حُـ: ِٚ٤ٔ٘ش ؿ٤ ٓل٢خ ك٠٣َٔ ح٣ ١ٌٍُ حَٝهٍَ حُلذ ٓئحٍ حُـ
" .٢هي طظِق ًَٓزٝ غ ٓٔخػيطي حٗض ٓزظَ طٔخٓخ٤ " حٗخ ال حٓظط: ٍَٝحؿخد حُـ
:ِٕ حُلٚذ ٓؼي " حؿخرًٛ ح٢٘ " حُلِٕ ىػ: حُلذُٚزخ ٖٓ حُلذ ٌُح ٓؤ٣َحُلِٕ ًخٕ ه
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ح ... ٙٝحُلذ حٗخ كِ ٖ٣ؿيح رل٤غ ٖٓ حُ ١ٍَٝ٠حٕ حًُٞ ٕٞكي.١
َٓص حُٔؼخى ٙرخُلذ ح٠٣خ ٌُٜ٘خ ًخٗض ٓؼ٤يس ؿيح رل٤غ ُْ طٔٔغ حُلذ ػ٘يٓخ ًخٕ ٘٣خىٜ٣خ .
كـؤس ًخٕ ٘ٛخى ٞٛص " طؼخٍ حُلذ حٗخ ٓؤهٌى " ً ٞٛخٕ ٗ٤وخ ًزَ٤ح ٓظٞحٟؼخ ,كظ ٠حُلذ
؟ ٌٓٛ٤زٕٞ ْٛ حٖ٣ حُ٘٤ن ٔ٣ؤٍ حٕ ٗٔ٠
ٝػ٘يٓخ ِٞٛٝحُ ٠حُ٤خرٔٓ ٚخٍ حُ٘٤ن ك٣َ١ ٢و ٚحُوخٝ . ٙحىٍى ًْ ًخٕ ٣ي٤ُِ٘ ٖ٣ن .
؟" ٓخػيٗ٢ ٖٓ " : حهَ) (ٗ٤ن حُٔؼَكش حُلذ ٓؤٍ
" حُٞهض. ًخٕ ٞٛ " : حُٔؼَكش حؿخرش
" ٓخػيٗ٢؟ حُٞهض ُٔخًح ٌُٖ " حُلذ ٔ٣ؤٍ ! حُٞهض
حرظٔٔض حُٔؼَكش رخُلٌٔش حُؼٔ٤وٝ ٚأؿخرش " :ألٕ حُٞهض ٞٛحُٞك٤ي حُوخىٍ ػِ ٠ك–ْٜ
ًْ حُلذ ػٔ"ٖ٤
135
ش حٌوخِٔشٜحٌم
Put the glass down now
A professor began his class by holding up a glass with
some water in it.
He held it up for all to see; asked the students,' How much
do you think this glass weighs?'
'50gms!' .... '100gms!' ......'125gms' ......the students answered.
'I really don't know unless I weigh it,' said the professor,
'but, my question is:
What would happen if I held it up like this for a few minutes?'
'Nothing' the students said.
'Ok what would happen if I held it up
like this for an hour? ' the professor asked.
'Your arm would begin to ache' said one of the students.
'You're right, now what would happen if I held it for a day? '
'Your arm could go numb, you might have severe muscle stress;
paralysis; have to go to hospital for sure!' ventured another student;
all the students laughed.
'Very good. But during all this, did the weight of the glass change?'
asked the professor.
'No' the students said.
Then what caused the arm ache & the muscle stress? '
The students were puzzled.
'Put the glass down!' said one of the students.
'Exactly!' said the professor.' Life's problems are something like this.
Hold it for a few minutes in your head; they seem OK.
Think of them for a long time & they begin to ache.
Hold it even longer & they begin to paralyze you. You will
not be able to do anything.
136
It's important to think of the challenges (problems) in your life,but
EVEN MORE IMPORTANT to 'put them down' at the end of
every day before you go to sleep.
That way, you are not stressed, you wake up every day
fresh & strong & can handle any issue, any challenge that
'!comes your way
..حٌظَؿّش..
ك ٖٓ ّٞ٣ ٢حأل٣خّ ىهَ حُزَٝك ٍٞٔ٤حُوخػٝ ٚك٣ ٢يً ٙؤّ ٝك ٚ٤هِ ٖٓ َ٤حُٔخء ١ ,زؼخ ٍكغ
حٌُؤّ ٓخثال ٖٓ ك ٢حُوخػ٣ ٌْ٘ٓ ٖٓ ٚؼَف ًْ ؿَحٓخ طِٕ ٌٙٛ؟
طؼيىص حؿخرخص حُطالد ٝحهظِلض 30 :ؿْ 40 /ؿْ 80 /ؿْ 100 /ؿْ...
ٍى حُزَٝكٔٝ : ٍٞهللا حٗخ الأػَف رخُ٠ز ًْ ٢كظ ٠حُٜٗخ ٓ ٌُٖ ,ئحُٓ : ٞٛ ٢خًح ٌٖٓٔ
حٕ ٣ليع حًح ٍكؼظٜخ ٌٌٛح (ٓي ٣ي ٙحُ ٠حألػُِ )٠ز٠غ ىهخثن ؟
٘ٛخ ُْ َ٣ى أكي.
أًَٔ حُزَٝكٔ ٍٞهخثال ٓ :خًح حًح أرو٤ظٜخ ُٔيس ٓخػ ٚ؟
ٍى أكي حُ٘٘٤ط : ٖ٤رَٝف ٓظئُٔي ًٍحػي.
حُزَٝف ٔٓ :ظخُ أكٔ٘ض ٓٝ ,.خًح حًح أرو٤ظٜخ ًُ ّٞ٤خَٓ ؟
ٍى أكي حُـَ٣ج : ٖ٤رَٝف ٓظزيأ ٣يى ك ٢حُظ٘ٔ َ٤ػْ ٗي ػٝ ٢ِ٠طُُُُُُُُُُُِٔم ٌٖٔ٣ٝ
َِٗ ٝأً٤ي ٓ٘٘وِي حُ ٠حُٔٔظ٘لٟ(. ٠لي ًَ ٖٓ ك ٢حُوخػ).ٚ
حُزَٝف ٔٓ :ظخُ ػظ ٌُٖٝ , ْ٤أػ٘خء ًُي ًِ َٛ , ٚطـ ُٕٝ َ٤حٌُؤّ ؟ حُٔخء؟
الء ١زؼخ ًخٕ ٍى حُزَٝف ( ٝحٌَُ كظ ٠هخٍ١ءٌٛح حُٟٔٞٞع) .
حًح هُٞٞح ُٓ ٢خٓ ٞٛزذ أُْ حٌٍُحع ٝحُ٘ي حُؼ ٢ِ٠؟
ٍى أكي : ْٛأٍِٗ ٣يى ٝحطَى حٌُؤّ.
حُزَٝف :رخُ٠ز٣ ٢خأهٞحٕ ٌٌٛح ٓ٘خًَ حُل٤خس كٌَ كٜ٤خ ُيهخثن حٜٗخ ٝهللا الٗ٢ء ,
ٝكٌَ كٜ٤خ ُٞهض أٓ ٍٞ١ظزيأ طئُٔي ,ػْ ألِ٤ٓ ٍٞ١ىحى أُٜٔخ كظِٛٞ٣ ٠ي حُ٠
حَُِ٘
كظٜزق ؿ َ٤هخىٍح ػِ ٠كؼَ أ٢ٗ ١ء.
ٓ ْٜحُظلٌ َ٤ك ٢طلي٣خص حُٔ٘خًَ ك ٢ك٤خطي ٌُٖٝ ,حألًؼَ أ٤ٔٛش ( ٟٝغ طلظٜخ
حُق ه , )٢إٔ ط٠غ ًَ حُؼوش ك ٢هللا ٓزلخٗٝ ٚطؼخُٝ ٠طظَى حٌُِٔ٘ٝ ٚحُظلٌَ٤
137
كٜ٤خ ػ٘يٓخ طٌٛذ حُ ٠حُ٘.ّٞ
رظِي حُطَ٣وش ال ٗي ٝال ؿٜي ٝال ح٢ٗ ١ء ٓٝ ,ظٔظ٤وع حٕ ٗخء هللا ٗ٘ ٢٤ه١ٞ
(كَٕ) ٝطويٍ طٔظٞػذ ح ١ؿي٣ي ٝطٞحؿ ٚأ ٌِٚ٘ٓ ١ح ٝطلي ١ؿي٣ي هي ٣ؼظَٝ
٣َ١وي ٝطظؼخَٓ ٓؼخٛخ ر٘لْ ٣َ١وش حُ ّٞ٤حُٔخرن.
138
ش حٌٔخىٓشٜحٌم
THE SICK LION
A Lion had come to the end of his days and lay sick unto death
at the mouth of his cave, gasping for breath. The animals, his
subjects, came round him and drew nearer as he grew more and
more helpless. When they saw him on the point of death they thought to
themselves: "Now is the time to pay off old grudges." So the Boar
came up and drove at him with his tusks; then a Bull gored him
with his horns; still the Lion lay helpless before them: so the
Ass, feeling quite safe from danger, came up, and turning his tail
to the Lion kicked up his heels into his face. "This is a double
death," growled the Lion. Only cowards insult dying majesty.
ٞ٠ٌَّٓي ح٤ح
ٚلًٜ َص ػ٘ي ٓيهُٞٔ ح٠ِخ َٓ٘كخ ػ٠٣َٓ كظٔيى،َس٤ حألهٚٓخ٣٘خى أٓي هي رِؾ أٛ ًٕخ
.َس٤ حألهِٚٓلع أٗلخ٣
ػ٘يٓخٝ .سٞال هٝ ُٚ ٍٞ ال كٞٛ ٘ٔخ٤ رٚ٘ٓ حهظَرضٝ حٗخصٞ٤ ٖٓ حُلٙخ٣ ٍػخُٚٞحؿظٔؼض ك
حهظَد."ٖـخث٠ُش ح٤لٜهض طٝ ٞٛ ٌحٛ" :ْٜٔح ألٗلُٞص هخُٞٔٗي حٝ ٠ِ ػٚٗح أٝىٞؿٝ
خ ػخؿِح٤حألٓي ٓخُحٍ ٓٔظِوٝ ؛ٍَٚٗ روٞ حُؼٚ؛ ػْ ؿَكٚ ر٘خرَٚرٟٝ ١ََ حُز٣ِ٘ حُوٚ٘ٓ
َٚرٟٝ ٙٞ ٗلِٚ٣ً ٘ؼَ رخألٓخٕ كخهظَد ٖٓ حألٓي ٍحكؼخ٣ ٍْ؛ ٓٔخ ؿؼَ حُلٔخٜٓأٓخ
. ُٓـَ حألٓي،"خػق٠ٓ صٞٓ ٌحٛ" .ٜٚؿٝ ٠ِ ػَٙحكٞرل
. َ٠لظ٣ ٕ ِٓطخٗخٞ٘٤ٜ٣ حُـز٘خء٢كو
139
ش حٌٔخرؼشٜحٌم
THE LION'S SHARE
The Lion went once a-hunting along with the Fox, the Jackal, and the
Wolf. They hunted and they hunted till at last they surprised a Stag, and
soon took its life. Then came the question how the spoil should be
divided. "Quarter me this Stag," roared the Lion; so the other animals
skinned it and cut it into four parts. Then the Lion took his stand in front
of the carcass and pronounced judgment: The first quarter is for me in
my capacity as King of Beasts; the second is mine as arbiter; another
share comes to me for my part in the chase; and as for the fourth quarter,
well, as for that, I should like to see which of you will dare to lay a paw
upon it." "Humph," grumbled the Fox as he walked away with his tail
between his legs; but he spoke in a low growl."You may share the
labours of the great, but you will not share the spoil."
ٓي٤ش حٜك
ٕ أ٠ُي ا٤ُٜح رخَٝٔ حٓظ.حٌُثذٝ ٟٝحرٖ آٝ ي ٓغ حُؼؼِذ٤ُِٜ ذ حألٓي ًحص َٓسًٛ
.ٔش٤٘حُـ غ٣ُٞط ٍٞك ٍحُٔئح ٕكٌخ ،ٙٝطخىٛحٝ خ٤ظز حٞرخؿظ
٠ُ اٚؼ٤طوطٝ ٚش رِٔو٤ كوخّ حُزو، ُأٍ حألٓي،" أٍرؼش أؿِحء٠ُ ا٢ٌح حُظزٛ حٞٔٔ ّ "ه
٢لظٜ ر٢ُ ٍٝ "حَُرغ حأل:ٌٚٔيٍ كٛأٝ هق حألٓي أٓخّ حُـؼشٝ ْ ػ،ٜٚأٍرؼش ك
ي؛٤ُٜ ح٢ ك١ٍٝ ُي٢ُ ٍَرغ آهٝ حُ َل ٌَْ؛٢لظٜ ر٢ُ ٢ٗحَُرغ حُؼخٝ حٗخص؛ٞ٤ِٓي حُل
."خٜ٤ِ ػٚغ ٓوِز٠٣ٝ ـَإ٤ٓ ٌْ٘ٓ ٖٓ إٔ أػَف١ىٞ ر...ش حَُحرؼشٜأٓخ رخُ٘ٔزش ُِل
ىٌُِٞٔٔ٘ي إٔ ط٘خٍى ح٣" :ٞص ٓ٘ولٜٞهخٍ رٝ ،ٚ٤ٖٓ هي٤ رِٚ٣ًٝ حرظؼي حُؼؼِذ ٓيٓيٓخ
."ْْ حُـ٘خثًٍْٜ ٌُٖ ُٖ ط٘خُٜأػٔخ
140
ش حٌؼخِٕشٜحٌم
A MAN AND HIS TWO WIVES
In the old days, when men were allowed to have many wives, a
middle-aged Man had one wife that was old and one that
was young; each loved him very much, and desired to see him like
herself.
Now the Man's hair was turning grey, which the young Wife did not
like, as it made him look too old for her husband. So every night she
used to comb his hair and pick out the white ones. But the elder Wife
saw her husband growing grey with great pleasure, for
she did not like to be mistaken for his mother. So every morning
she used to arrange his hair and pick out as many of the black
ones as she could. The consequence was the Man soon
found himself entirely bald. Yield to all and you will soon have nothing
to yield.
ٗ١ؿظُٚٚ ًٍؿ
ًَٝ ؿيحٚٗٔخ طلزخٛ ًال، ٗخرشَٟأهٝ ؿش ٓٔ٘شُٝ ٚ٣ق حُؼَٔ ُي٣َ ه٢٘خى ٍؿَ كٛ ًٕخ
.٢ٛ خٜلز٣ ٕ أ٠٘ٔحكيس طظٝ
ٌُُي حػظخىص،ُحٞخ ػـٜؿُٝ ٝزي٣ ٕؿش حُ٘خرش أُِٝؼـذ ح٣ ِْ ك،َ ٍأّ حَُؿِٝـ٣ ذ٤ُ٘ريأ ح
ذ٤ُ٘ يس٤ؿش حُٔٔ٘ش ًخٗض ٓؼُِٝ ٌُٖ ح.خء٠٤طوظِغ حُ٘ؼَحص حُزٝ َٙ ٗؼ٢ِ٘ٔش إٔ ط٤ُ ًَ
طوظِغ أًزَ ػيىٝ َٙ ٗؼ٢ِ٘ٔش ط٤ُ ًَ كٌخٗض،ٚٓ ًؤٝخ ُْ طٌٖ طَؿذ إٔ طزيٜٗخ ألٜؿُٝ
.ِؼخٛ أٚٔؿي حَُؿَ ٗلٝ ـش َٓػخٕ ٓخ٤رخُ٘ظٝ .ىحءٌُٖٞٔٓٔ ٖٓ حُ٘ؼَحص ح
.ٚ٘ء ُظظ٘خٍُ ػ٢ٗ ي٣ ُي٠زو٣ ُٖٝ غ٤ٔحٓظِْٔ ُِـ
141
ش حٌظخٓؼشٜحٌم
THE WOODMAN AND THE SERPENT
One wintry day a Woodman was tramping home from his work when
he saw something black lying on the snow. When he came closer he
saw it was a Serpent to all appearance dead. But he took it up
and put it in his bosom to warm while he hurried home. As soon as
he got indoors he put the Serpent down on the hearth before the
fire. The children watched it and saw it slowly come to life
again. Then one of them stooped down to stroke it, but the
Serpent raised its head and put out its fangs and was about to
sting the child to death. So the Woodman seized his axe, and with
one stroke cut the Serpent in two. "Ah," said he,
"No gratitude from the wicked."
ّ حٌل
ٝفؼ٤حٚ طخد
٢ٔظِو٣ ىٞٓجخ أ٤ٗ ٟ ٍأٚظ٤ ر٠ُ اِٚٔظٌٔغ ػخثيح ٖٓ ػ٣ ٘ٔخ ًخٕ حُلطخد٤ ر١ّٞ ٗظٞ٣ ًحص
٢خ كٜؼٟٝٝ خٌٛ كؤه.ٖ٣َظش ُِ٘خظ٤ُٔ ًخٝ طزي٠خ ًخٗض أكؼٜٗؿي أٝ ػ٘يٓخ حهظَدٝ ، حُؼِؾ٠ِػ
خٜ ٍحهز.ٍهي أٓخّ حُ٘خُٞٔ ح٠ِخ ػٜؼٟٝ ٠َ كظٛٝ ٕ ٓخ ا.ض٤ حُزٞ ٗلًٍٞٝ خٜ ُظيكجظٍٙيٛ
ٍكؼض٠ ٌُٖ حألكؼٙي٤خ رٜيحػز٤ُ خٜ٤ِْ ػٛ أكي٠٘ ػْ حٗل،ء٢٘جخ ك٤ٗ خس٤ى ُِلٞ طؼ٢ٛٝ الىٝحأل
ُي ُيؿش هخطِش ػ٘يٓخ أٓٔي حُلطخدُٞٗي إٔ طِيؽ حٝ ٠ًِخٗض ػٝ خٜأهَؿض ٓوخُزٝ خٍٜٓأ
.ْ٤َ ٖٓ حُِج٤ٔ ال ػَكخٕ رخُـ:ٖ هخثال٤ٔٔ ه٠ُخ اٜحكيس هطؼٝ َرش٠رٝ ٚٓرلؤ
142
ش حٌؼخَٗسٜحٌم
THE YOUNG THIEF AND HIS MOTHER
A young Man had been caught in a daring act of theft and had
been condemned to be executed for it. He expressed his desire to
see his Mother, and to speak with her before he was led to
execution, and of course this was granted. When his Mother came
to him he said: "I want to whisper to you," and when she brought
her ear near him, he nearly bit it off. All the bystanders were
horrified, and asked him what he could mean by such brutal and
inhuman conduct. "It is to punish her," he said. "When I was
young I began with stealing little things, and brought them home
to Mother. Instead of rebuking and punishing me, she laughed and
said: "It will not be noticed." It is because of her that I am
here to-day." "He is right, woman," said the Priest; "the Lord hath said:
"Train up a child in the way he should go; and when he is old he will not
depart therefrom."
143
Useful Dictionaries and articles
1. http://dictionary.reverso.net/english-arabic/alms
2. https://www.scribd.com/document/339411576/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85
%D9%88%D8%B3-
%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9
%85%D8%A7%D8%AA-
%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B8%D9%8A%D8%A9-pdf
3. https://download-literature-pdf-ebooks.com/15334-free-book
4. https://www.daytranslations.com/blog/2017/06/legal-translation-different-
9203/
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