SIMPLIFIED CONSTRllCTION ESTIMATE Today, i~stead of the�traditional measuring

wooden box, the

crete could freely flow around the reinforcements to fill all
empty plastic bag of cement is popular1y used to measure the
the voids inside the form.
volume of sand and gravel for convenience � in handJing aggregates
during the mixing operations.
2. That, the hardened concrete shall be strong enough to
carry the design load. TABlE 1-1 CONVERSION ' FROM INCHES TO METER
3. That, hardened concrete could withstand the conditions to Number Accurate
Approximate Number Accurate Approximate
which it is expected to perform.
Value Value Value Value
4. That, concrete should be economically produced.
1 .0254 .025 21 .5334 .525
2 .0508 .050 22 .5588 .550
3 .0762 .075 23 .5842 .575
Concrete Mixture, may be classified as either:
4 .1016 .100 24 .6096 .600
5 .1270 .125 25 .6350 .625
a. Designed Mixture 6 .1524 .150 26 .6604 .650
b. Prescribed Mixture 7 .1778 .175 27 .6858 .675
8 .2032 .200 28 .7112 .700
Designed Mixture. Where the contractor is responsible in 9 .2286 .225 29 .7366 .725
establishing the mixture proportion that will achieve the required 10 .2540 .250 30
.7620 .750
strength and workability as specified in the plan. 11 .2794 .275 31 .7874 .775
Prescribed Mixture. Where the designing engineer specify
12 .3048 .300 32 .8128 .800
the mixture proportion. The contractor's responsibility is only to
13 .3302 .325 33 8382 � .825
provide a prcperty mixed concrete containing the right propor-
14 .3556 .350 34 8636 850
tions as pre cribed in the plan.
15 .3810 .375 35 .8890 .875
16 .4064 .400 36 .9144 .900 1-3' THE UNIT OF MEASURE
17 .4318 .425 37 .9398 .925
18 4572 .450 38 .9652 .950
19 .4826 .475 39 .9906 .975 -
Prior tn 'the wor1dwide acceptance of Metrication, otherwise 20 .5080 .500 40 1.016
1.00
known as 5ystem Intemational (51), materials for concrete
structures were estimated in terms of cubic meter although, the
components thereof like; cement, sand, gravel and water, are The values presented
in Table 1-1 could be useful in:
measured in pounds, cubic foot and gallons per bag respectively.
1. Find~ng the accurate conversion of length from English to
Lately however, under the 51 measures, the 94 pounds per Metnc measure.
bag cement equivalent to 42.72 kilograms was changed and 2. ~eterm~nin~ the
approximate value to be used generally
fIXed at 40 kilograms per bag. The traditional wooden box used
!I
to measure the sand and gravel is 12 inches wide by 12 inches
In our slmpliffed methods of estimating. '
long and 12 inches high, having a"net volume of 1 cubiC foot.
5
4