BRICKWORK

SPECIFICATIONS 91 .. 92
 CONTENTS
Measurements
MOULDING
Flat
Rate
HONEYCOMB
HALF
JOINING
Ra~ TILE
TREMINOLOGY
Dimensions
BRICK
Mortar
Measurement
Classifications
Oassification
Joints
Circular
Measurements
Arches
BRICK
WORK
Arches
MeaSurement
BRICKSrfiles
Laying
Sampling
Soaking
Scaffolding
Curing
Centring ofOLD
& WORK
AND
WORK
BRICK
BRICK
IN CORNICES
(General)
Bricks
and Tests
Shuttering WORK
WORK WITH NEW BRICK WORK
ARCHES 144
145
150
147
148
150
151
152
140
141
139
148
149
J50
151 137
138
Page

10-4/CPWD/ND/9r 135
 68.1 Cornices 152
6.8.2 Corbelling 152
6.8.3 Curing and Protections 152
'·6.8.4 Measurements 152
6.8,.5 Rate 152
6.9 BRICK WORK UNDER WATER & FOUL CONDITIONS 152
6.10 Exposed Brick work 153
6.10.1 Facing bricks 153
6.10.2 Dimensions and Tolerances 153
6.10.3 Sampling 153
6.10.4 Physical requirements 153
6.10.5 Joints 153
6.10.6 Scaffolding and curing 153
6.10.7 Measurements 153
6.10.8 Rate 153
6.11 Cavity walls 153
6.11.1 Metal ties 154
6.11.2 Bounding Units 154

6.11.3 Spacing 154

6.11.4 Restrictions 154

6.11.5 Measurements 154

8.
Rate 154

Appendix - A Tolerance of Bricks and Tiles 155

Appendix - B Test for Compressive Strength 156

Appendix - C Test for Water Absmption I, 157

Appendix - D Efflorescence 158

Fig. 0.1 Brick Work 159

Fig. 0.2 Brick Pillars 160

Fig. 0.3 Brick Bonds 161

Fig. 0.4 Brick Bonds (Contd.) 162

Fig. O.5.Brick Work In Arches .. 163

Fig 0.6 Brickwork in Cavity walls 164 to 166

136
 Chapter - 6
List of Mandatory Tests

Tiles
Material
Test
,
,
for
Bricks/Brick
to
Oaus~
6.1.3.
6.1.3.6
Frequency
Testing Procedure
Test
ofdimensions
material
Field/laboratory
MinimumA,B,C,
Laboratory
As
of .&
Qty.
ofTable
testing
Appendix
per
absorption and
3 and 4 Page 157
Defflorescence 155, & 159.
156
out test
water
 BRICK WORK

List ofBureau of Indian Standards Code:!

1. 712-1984 Specification for builmng lime

2. 1077-1986 Specification for common burnt clay builmng bricks.

3. 1200 (pt.III) - 1976 Method of measurements of brick work

4.2212-1962 Code of practice for brick work

5.3102-1971 Classification of burnt clay solid bricks

6. 3495-(pts i-ivy - 1976 Method of test for day builmng bricks

7.3812-1981 Specification for fly ash for use as pozzolana and·admix-

ture.

8.5454-1978 Methods of sampling of clay building bricks.

9. 12894-1990 F1y ash-lime bricks

138
6. BRICK WORK Indenting
The leaving recesses into which future work
can be bonded.
6.0 TERIVHNOLOGY
, . Jamb

Bond The part of the wall at the side of an opening.

The arrangement of the bricks in successive Joint
courses to tic the brick work together both \
A junction of bricks.
longitudinally and transversely. The arrange-
ment is usually designed 'to ensure that no Jointing
vertical joim of one course is exactly over the
one in the next course above or below it, fu.'1d
TIle operation of finishing joints as' the ma-

there is greatest possible amount of lap. sonry work proceeds.

Pier
Bed Joint
A tl1ickened section forming integral part of the
Horizontal joint in brick 'I}/Ork or masonry
wall placed at intervals along the wan prima-
Closer rily to increase the stiffiness of the wallar to
carry a vertical concentrated load. The thick-
Any portion of a brick used in constructiJ1g a
ness of a pier is the over aU thickness including
wall, to dose up the bond next to the end brick the tl1ickness of the wall, or when bonded into
of a course (See Fig. 3).
one leaf of a cavity wall the thickness obtained
Coping or weathering by treating this leaf as an independent wall (see
fig. (lA, IB)
The:cover applied over or the geometrical form
given to a part of structure to enable it to shed Pillar
rain water. ,
Pillar means a detached masonry support. This
CorbeJ :- A cantilever projecting from the face can be rectangular, circular, elliptical etc. In
of a wall to form a bearing see Fig 1D. case of rectangular pillar, the breadth shall not
exceed three times the thickness and thickness
Cornice
itself shall not exceed more than thrice t.~e
Horizontal or ornamental feature projecting length of brick (See fig. IC).
from the face of a wall(see Fig. ID).
Quoin
Course
An extemal comer in brick work, the term may
A layer of bricks including bed mortar.
also denote the brick used to fonn the quoin.
Cross joint
Scaffolding
A joint other than a bed joint normal to the wan
face. A temporary erection of timber or steel work
used in the construction, alteration, demohtion
Efflorescence . or repairs of a building to support or to attend
of the hoisting or lowering of workmen, their
A powdery incrnstment of salts left by evapo- tools and materials.
ration~ This may be visible on tlle surface or
may be below surface. In the latter case, tins is Sill
termed as crypto Efflorescence.
A brick work form ing the lower boundary of
Header
door or window opening (see fig. 1D)
A brick laid with its. length across tl1.ewall.

139
Spandrel
The space between the haunches arid the road
decking of an arch.
Strecher :- A brick laid with its length in the
direction of the wall
String course
A horizontal course projecting. from a wall
usually introduced at every floor level or win-
dows or below parapet for impartingarchitec-
tural appearance to the structure and also kee{}7
ing off the rain water. (see fig. ID).
Templet
A pattern' of sheet metal used as a guide for
setting out specific section and shape.
Toothing
Bricks left projecting in alternate courses to
bond with future work.
Wall joint
A joint parrallel to the wall face.
6.1 Bricks/Brick Tiles/Brick bats.
Bricks used in the masonry may be of the
following type.
a) Common burnt clay bricks: Shall be hand .
moulded ormachine moulded. They shall
be free from nodules of free lime, visible
cracks, flaws warpage and organic mat-
ter, have a frog 100 mm in length 40 mm
in wjdth and 10 mm to 20mm deep on one
of its flat sides. Bricks made by extrusion
process and brick tiles may not be pro-
vided with frogs. Each briGk shall. be
marked (in the frog where provided) with
the manufacturers identification mark or
initials.
b) Fly ash lime brick: shall be sound, com-
pact and uniform in shape free froIl).vis-
ible cracks, warpages flaws an~ organic
matter, have a frog 100 mm in length, 40
140
mm width and 10 to 20 mm deep on one
onts flat side. The shape and size. of the .
frog shall conform to IS: 12894-1990
Fly Ash: Fly ash shall conform to grade
lor Grade 20fIS : 3812-1981.
Bottom ash used as replacement of sand
shall not have more than 12% loss on
ignition when tested.
Sand: Deleterious materials, such as clay
and silt in the sand shall perferabl y be less
than 5%.
Lime : Lime shall conform to class 'C'
hydrated lime of IS:712-1984.
Additives; Any suitable additive consid-
ered not deterimental to the durability of
bricks may be used.
c) Clay Fly Ash Bricks: The clay fly ash
brick shall be sound, compact and uni-
form in shape and colour. Bricks' shall
have smooth rectangular faces with sharp
and square comers. The bricks shall be
free from visible cracks, flaws, warpage,
nodules of free lime and organic matter,
The bricks shall be hand or machine
moulded. The bricks shall have frog of
100 mm in length 40 mm width and 10 to
20 mm deep on one of its flat sides.
d) Fly ash shall conform to grade I or grade
II ofIS: 3812-1981.
Calcium Silicate Bricks: Calcium silicate
bricks shall be sound, compact and uni-
form in shape-Bricks shall be free from
visible cracks, warpage organic matter,
large pebbles and nodules of free lime.
Bricks shall be solid and with or without
frog. The bricks shall be made of finely
grounded sand silicious rock and lime.In
addition limited quantity of fly ash con-
forming to IS:3812-1981 may be used in
the mix.
e) . Tile Brick: The bricks of 4 cm height
shall be moulded without frogs. Where
 modular tiles are not freely available in 6.1.1 Dimensions: The bricldmay be modu-
the market, the tile bricks ofF.P .S. thick- lar or non-modular. Sizes for both types of
ness 44 mm (1-3/4") shall be used unless bricks/tiles shall be as per Table 1.While use of
otherwise specified.' modular bricks/tiles is recommended, non
modular (FPS) bricks/titles c~ also be used
t) Brick Bats: Brick bats shall be obtained where so specified: Non-modular bricks /tiles
from well burnt bricks. of sizes other than the sizes mentioned in Table
I may also be used where specified.
mm
' Actual
225x1 I
225x11lx44mm
190x90x4Omm
190x90x9Omm
Size
1x7Omm
229xl14x44mm
200x
2oox1oox40mm
229x114x7Omm
Nominal
1OOX
Table
Size
1OOmm
1

6.1.2 Classification: Bricks(Bricktilesshali

be classified on the basis .of their minimum
compressive strength as given below.

Table 2

Class Average compressiv~ strength

Designation Not less than Less than
N/mm2 (Kgf/cm2) ~ N/mm2 (Kgf/cm2)

10(100) 10 (100) 12.5 125

7.5(75) 7.5 ~ (75) 10 100

5(50) .5 (50) 7.5 75

3.5(35) 3.5 (35) i 5.0 50

TIle bricks shall have smooth rectangular faces in accordanCe with appendix B on Page 156)
with sharp comer and shall be uniform in
colour and emjt clear ringing soUnd when 6.1.3 Sampling and Tests: Samples of
struck .. bricks shall be subjected to the following tests:

(Note: Upper limit~ specified in Table 2 are for a) Dimensional tolerance.

calculatip.g the average compressive strength
b) Water absorption.

141
 c) Efflorescence.
d) Compressive strength.
. 6.1.3:1. Sampling: For carrying out compres-
sive strength, water absorption, efflorescence
and dimensional tests, the samples of bricks
shall be taken at random according to the size
oflot as given in table 3 below. The sample thus
taken shall be stored in a dry place until tests are
made. For the purpose of sampling, the follow-
ing definition shall apply.
a) Lot: a collection of bricks of same class
and size, manufactured under relaltively
similar conditions of production. For the
purpose of sampling a lot shall contain a
maximum. of 50,000 bricks.
In case a consignment has bricks more
than 50000 of the same classification and
size and manufactured und~r relatively
similar conditions of production,it shall
be divided into lots of 50,000 bricks or
part there of.
b) Sample: A collection of bricks seiected
-for inspection and/or testing from a lot to
reach the decision regarding th.e accep-
tance or rejection of the lot.
c) Defective: A brick failing to meet one or
more of the specified requirements.
I!..
6.1.3~2The samples shall be taken as below: .
i) Sampling from a stack: When it is neces-
sary to take a sample from a stack, the
stack shall be :divided into a number of
rc:>J. or imaginary sections and t.iJ.ere- _
quired number of bricks drawn from each
section. For this purpose bricks inthe
upper layers of the stack shall be removed
to e~able units to be sampled from places
within the stack.
Note: For other methods of sampling i.e.
s<1"'npl1ngin motion and sampling from
. lorries or trucks, IS: 5454-1978 may be
refencd.
142
Scale of sampling arid criteria for confor-
mity for visual and dimensional charac-
teristics .-
. Visual characteristics ; The bricks shall
be selected and inspected,for ascertaining
their conformity to L~erequirements of
" the relevant s-pecification.
The number of bricks to be selected from
a lot shall depend on the size of lot and
shall be in accordance of coLl and"2 of
Table 3 for visual characteristics· in all
cases and dimensional characteristics if
specified for individual bricks.
Visual characteristics:A11 the bricks se-
lected above in accordance with coLI and
2 afTables 3 shall be examined for visual
characteristics. If the number of defective
bricks found in the sample is less than or
equal to the corresponding number as
specified ill col. 3 of table 3 the lot shall
be considered as satisfying the require-
ments of visual characteristics, otherwise
the lot shall be deemed as not having met
the visual requirements.
ill) Dimensional characteristics: The num-
ber of bricks to be selected for inspecting
the dimensions and tolerance shall be in
accordance \Vith col. 1 and 4 of table 3.
These bricks will be divided into.igroups
of 20 blicks at random .and each of tJ}e
group of 20 bricks thus fonn~d will be
tested for all the dimensions" and toler-
ances. A lot shall be considered havi.'1g
found meeting the requirements of di-
mensions and tolerance "if none of the
groups of bricks inspected fails to meet
the specified requirements.
 Table 3

Scale of sampling and permissible number of defectives for visual and dimension~l character~
istics

No. of bricks For characteristics For dimensional

in the lot specified for individual characteristics
bricks for group of 20
bricks-No. of bricks to be
selected.
No. of 321 sample
defective
no.of
the 480in
40
Permissible
.60
bricks
to
selected
be -
2

2001-10000

10001-35000 .

35001-50000

Note: In case the lot contains.2000 or less bricks the sampling shall be as per decision of the Engineer-
in-charge. /

iv) Scale'of saIl1pling and criteria for physi-
cal characteristics
The lot which has been found s~tisfactory
in respect of visual and dim~nsional re-
quirements shall be pext tested for physi-
cal characteristics like co~pressive
strength, water absorption, efi1oresce~ce
as specified in relevant material specifi-
cation. The bricks for this purpose shall
be taken at random from-those already
selected above. 'The number of bricks to
be selected for each of these characteris-
tics shall be in accordance with relevant
columns of table 4.

Table 4

Scale 0 f sampling for' physical characteristics

Lot size Sample size for Permissible No.
compressive strength, of defectives '
w&ter absorption and for effloiscence
efflorScence
1 2 3
2001 - 10000 '5 a
10001 - 35000 10 o
35001 - 50000 .J
1- 1

Note: In case the lot contains·20CO.or less bricks,the sa.TI\plingshall be as per decision of Engineer
-in-charge.

143
v) A lot shall be considered having satisfied
the requirments of physical characteris-
tics if the condition stipulated here in are
all satisfied.
a) From the test results for compres-
sive strength, the average shall be
calculated and shall satisfy the re-
quirements specified in relevant
material specification.
Note:In case any .of the test results for
compressive strength exceeds the
. upper limit for the class of bricks,
- the same shall be limited to the
upper limit of the class for the pur-
pose of averaging.
b) Wherever specified in the material
specification, the compressive
strength of any individual bricks
tested in the sample shall not fall
below the minimum average com-
pressive strength specified for the
corresponding class of brick by more.
than 20 percent.
c) From the test results for water ab-
sorption, the average for the bricks
in the sample shall be calculated
and shall satisfy the relevant re:"
quirements specification in mate~
rial specification.
d) The ~umber of bricks failing to sat-
isfy the requirements of the efflo-
rescence specified in the relevant
specification should not be more
than the permissible no. of defectives
given in co!. 3 of table 4 .
6.1.3.3 Dimensional tolerances: The dimen-
sions of, modular bricks when tested as de-
scribed above as per procedure described in
appendix A on page 155 shall be within the
following limits per 20 bricks.
Length 372 to 388 cm (380±8cm) .
Width 176 to 184 cm (180 ± 4cm)
Height 176 to 184 cm (180 ± 4cm) for 90 mm
high bricks)
144
Brick tiles:
76 to 84 cm (80 ± 4).for 40 mm high brick tiles
In case of non modular bricks, % age tolerance
will be ±2% for group of 20 numbers of class.
10 bricks, and ± 4% for other class of bricks.
6.1.3.4. Compressive strength: The bricks.
when tested in accordance with the procedure
laid down in appendix B on page 156 shall have
a minimum average compressive strength' for
variouss classes as given in Table 2. The com-
pressive strength of any individual brick tested
shall not fall below the min. average compres-
sive strength spacified.for the corresponding
class of brick by more than 20%. In case
compressive strength of any individual brick
tested exceeds the upper limit specified in table
2 for the corresponding class .of bricks, the
same shall be limited to upper limit of the class
as specified in Table 2 for the purpose of
calculating the average'compressive strength.
6.1.3.5 Water absorption: The average wa-
.ler absorption of bricks when tested in accor-
dance with the procedure laid down in appen-
dix C on page 157 shall be not more than 20%
by weight.
6.1.3.6 Efflorescence : The rating of efflo-
rescence of bricks when tested in accordance.
with the procedure laid down in appendix-
D on page 158 shall be not more than Moderate.
6.2 BRICK WORK
6.2.1 Classification: The brick work shall
.be classified according to the class designation
of bricks used.
6.2.2 Mortar: The mortar for the brick work
shall be as specified, and conform to accepted
standards. Lime shall not be used where rein-
forcement is provided'in brick work.
6.2.3 Soaking of Bricks: Bricks shall be
soaked in water before use for· a period for the
water to just penetrate-the whole depth· of the
bricks. Alternatively bricks may be adequately
soaked in stacks by profusely spraying with
clean water at regular intervals for a period not
less than six hours. The bricks required for
masonry work using mud mortar shall not be
soaked. When the bricks are soaked they shall
be Jemoved from the tank sufficiently early so
that at tQ.etime of laYing they are skin-dry.
Such soaked bricks shall be stacked on a clean
place where they are not again spoiled by dirt
earth. etc.
NoteI: The period of soaking may be easily
found at site by a field test in which the bricks
are soaked in water for different periods and
then broken to find the extent of water penetra-
tion. The least period that corresponds to com-
plete soaking will be the one to be allowed for
in construction work.
Note II : If the bricks are soaked for the
required time in water that is frequently chang~d
the soluble salt in the bricks will be leached out,
and subsequently efflorscence will be reduced.
6.2.4 Laying
6.2.4.1 Bricks shall be laid in English Bond
(Fig. 2, 3,4) unless otherwise specified. For
brick work in half brick wall, bricks shall be
laid in stretcher bond. Half or cut bricks shall
not be used except as closer where necessary to
complete the bond. Closers in such CJlses,shall
be cut to the required size and used near the
ends of the waU. Header bond shall be used
preferably in all courses in curved plan for
ensuring better alignment.
Note : Header bond shall also be used in
foundation footings unless thickness of walls
(width of footing) makes the use of headers
impracticable. Where thickness of footing is
uniform for a number of courses, the top course
of footing shall be headers.
6.2.4.2 All loose materials, dirt and set lumps
of mortar which may be lying over the surface
on which brick work is to be freshly started,
shall be removed with a wire brush and surface
. wetted. BIicks shall be laid on a full bed of
mortar. when laying, each brick shall, be prop-
145
erly bedded and set in position by gently press-
ing with the handle of a trowel. Its inside face
shall be 'buttered with mortar before the next
brick is laid and pressed against it. Joints shall
be fully filled and packed with mortar such that
.no hollow space are·l~ft inside the joints. ~
6.2.4.3 The walls shall be taken up truly in
plumb or true to the required batter where
specified. All courses shall be laid truly hori-
zontal and all vertical joints shall be truly
vertical. Vertical joints in the alternate course
shall come directly one over the other. Quoin,
Jambs and other angles shall be properly,
plumbed as the work proceeds. C'are shall be
taken to keep the perpends properly aligned
within following maximum permissible toler-
ances.
a) Deviation from vertical within a storey
shall not exceed 6mm per 3m height.
b) Deviation in verticality in total height of
any wall of building more than one storey
in height shall not exceed 12.5mm.
c) Deviation from position shown on plan
of any brick work shall not exceed
12.5mm.
d) Relative displacement between load bear-
" ing wall in adjacent storeys intended to be
.vertical alignments shall npt exceed 6mm.
e) A set of tools comprising of wooden
straight edge, masonic spirit levels,
square, I meter rule line and plumb shall
be kept on the site of work for every 3
masons for proper check during the
progress of ~ork.
6.2.4.4. All quoins shall be accurately con-
structed and the height of brick courses shall be
kept uniform. This will be checked using gradu-
ated wooden straight edge or storey rod indi-
cating height of each course including thick-
ness of joints. The position of damp proof
course, window sills, bottom of lintels, top of
the wall etc. along the height of the wall shall
be marked on the graduated straight edge or
storey rod. Acute and obtuse quoins shall be
bonded, where practicable in the same way as
square quoins. Obtuse quoins shall be fonned
with squint showing three quarters brick on one
face and quarter brick on the other.'
6.2.4.5 TIle brick vt'Ork shall be built in uni-
form layers.
No part of the waU during it.sconstmction shall
rise more than one metre. above the general
construction level. Parts of wallieit at different
le.vels shall be raked back at an angle of 45
degrees or less with the horizontal. Toothing
shaH not be permitted as an alternative to
nikihg back. For ha.1fbrick partition to be keyed
into main walls, indents shall be left in the main
walls.
6.2.4.6 An pipe fittings and specials, spouts,
hold fasL<; and other fixtures \vhich are required
to be bui!finto the walls shall be embedded, as
specified, LJ1theircolTect position as tl!C work
proceeds unless otherwise directed by the En-
gjI!eer-in~charge.
6.2.4.7 Top course~~ uf all plinths, parapets,
steps and top of walls below floor and roof
slabs shall be laid willI brick on edge, unless
specified otherwise. Brick on edge laid in the
top courses at comer of walls shall be pmperl y
radiated and keyed into position to form cui:
(mam) comers as shown in fig.4. ¥lhcre bricks
cannot ~ cut to the required shape to form cut
(!Darn) comers; cement concrete 1:2:4 (1 ce-
ment:2 coarse sand: 4 graded stone aggregate
20 mm nominal size) equal to thickness of
course shan be provided in·lieu of cut bricks.
6.2.4.8 Bricks shall be laid \Vitll fTOg(where
provided) up. However when top course is
exposed, bricks shall he laid with frog down.
FOi the bricks to be laid with frog down, the
frog shall be filled with mortar before placing
the brick in position.
6.2.4.9 In case of:w«]ls one brick thick and
under, one face shall be kept even and in proper
plane, while the other face may be slightly
rough. In case of walls more than one brick
146
thick, both the faces shall be kept even and in
proper plane.
6.2.4.10 To facilitate taking service lines later
without excessive cutting of compltoted work,
sleeves (to be paid separately) shilll be: pro-
vided, where specified, while raising the brick
work. Such sleeves in external walls shall be .
sloped down outward so as to avoid passage of
water inside.
6.2.4.11 Top of the brickwork h'1 coping ,Ind'
sills in external walls shall be slightly tilted.
Where brick coping and sins are projecting
beyond the face of the wall, drip course/
throating (to tx~paid separately) shall tx: pro-
vided where indicated.
6.2.4.12 Care .shall be taken during construc-
tion that edges of jamb:;, sills a..ndprojections
are not damaged in case of rai.n. New built work
shall be covered with gunny bags or tarpouIin
so a:- to prevent the mortar from being washed
away. Damage, if any, shaH be made goed to
the satisfaction of the engineer-in-charge.
6.2.4.13 Vertical reinforcement in the form of
bars (MS or high strength deformed bars),
considered necessary at the cDmers a~d june··
lion of walls and ja.'1l b opening doors, \vindows
etc. shall be encased with cement mortar not
leaner than 1:4 (1 cement: 4 coarse sand). or
cement concrete mix as specified. The rein-
forcement shall b-~ suitably tied, properly em-
bedded in the foundation and afrooflevcl. The
dia. of bars shall not ~ less than 8rom and
concrete grade shall be minimum 1:3:6. (1
cement: 3 coarse sand: 6 graded stone aggre-
gate 20mm nominal size)
6.2.4.14 In retaining walls and t~e Jik~,where-
wateris likely to accuITI_u1ate,wcepholes, 50 to
75mm squ~reshallbe provided at 2m vertically
and horizontally unless otherwise spr;cified.
'The lowest weep hole shall be at about 30cm
above me ground level. All weep holes shall be
surrounded by loose stones and shall have
sufficient fan to drain out the ,?/atcr quickly
(Note: work of providing loose stone will be
payable extra).
6.2.4.15 Work of Gutting chases, wherever
required to be made in the walls for housing
G.1. pipe, CI pipe or any other fixtures shall be
carried out in various'locations as per guide-
lines given below:-
(a) Cutting of chases L.'1lK:.C brick thick and .
above load bearing walls.
i) As far as possible services should
be planned with the help of vertical
chases. Horizontal chases should be
avoided.
li) The depths of vertical chases and
horizontal chases shall not exceed
one third and one sixth of the Lhick-
ness of the masonry respectively.
.ill) When narrow stretches of masonry
(Or short lenghts of walls) such as
between doors and windows, can-
not be avoided they should not be
pierced with openings for soil pipes
or waste pipes or timbe.r joints, etc.
Where there is a possibility ofload
concentration such narrow lengths
. of walls shall be checked for stresses
and high strength bricks in mortar
or concrete walls provided, if re-
quired.
iv) Horizontal chases when unavoid-
able should be lo~ated in the upper
or lower one third ofheig~t of storey
and not more than three chases
should be permitted in any stretch
of a wall. No continuous horizontal
chase shall exceed one metre in
length. Where unavoidable, stresses
in the affected area should be
checked and kept within the per-
missible limits.
v) V~rtical chases should not be closer
. than 2m in any stretch of a wall.,
These shall be kept away from bear-
ings of beams and lintels. If un-
avoidable, stresses in the affected
area should be checked and kept
within permissible limits.
147
vi) Mason.ry directly above a recess, if
wider than 30cm horizontal
.. dim en-
sian) should be supported on lintel.
Holes in masonry may be provided
upto 30cm width and 30cm height
without aily lintel. In the case of
circular holes in the masonry, no
lintel need be provided for holes
upto 40cm in diameter.
(b) Cutting of chases in half brick load bear-
ing walls:
No chase shall be perrnitted in half brick
load beari.ng waH:; and as such no
reccessed conduits and concealed pipes
shall be provided with half brick thick
load bearing walls .
(c) Cutting of chases in half brick non load
bearing wall:-
Services should be planned with the help
of vertical chases. Horizontakhase should
be provided only when unavoidable.
6.2.5.0 Joints
The thickness of all types of of joints including
brick wall joints and crossjoi~ts shall be such
that four course and three joints taken consecu-
tively shall measure as follows-
(i) In case of Modular bricks conforming to
IS: 1077 -1986 specification for common
burin clay buildings bricks, equal to 39
cm
(ii) In case of non modular bricks, it shall be
equal to 31em.
Note: Specified thickness of joints shall be of
1crn Deviation from the specified thickness of
all joints shall not exceed one fifth of specified
thickness .
6.2.5.1 Finishing of joints
The face of brick work may be finished flush or
by pointing. In flush finishing either the face
joints of the mortar shall be worked oMtwhile
still green to give a finished surface flush with
the face of the brick work or the joints shall be
squarely raked out to a depth of 1 cm while the
mortar is still green for subsequently plaster-
ing. The faces of brick work shall be cleaned
with wire brush so as to remove any splashes of
mortar during the course of raising the brick-
work. In pointing, the joints shall be squarely
raked out to a depth of 1.5cm while the mortar
is still green and raked joints shall be brushed
to remove dust and loose particles and well
wetted, and shall be later refilled with mortar to
. cubic contents shall be worked out to the
give ruled finish. Some such finishes are 'flush'
.weathered' , ruled, etc.
6.2.6 Curing: The brick work shall be con-
stantly kept moi~t on all faces for a minimum
period of seven days,Brick work done during
the day shall be suitably marked indicating the
date on which the workis done so as to keep a
watch on the curing period.
6.2.7. Scaffolding: Scaffolding shall be
strong to withstand all dead, live and impact
loads which are likely to come on them. Scaf-
folding shall be provided to allow easy ap-
proach to every part of the work.
6.2.7.1. Single Scaffolding
Where plastering, pointing or any other finish-
ing has been indicated for brick work, single
scaffolding may be provided, unless otherwise
specified. In single scaffolding, one end of the
put-logs/pole shall rest in the hole provided in
the header course of brick masonry. Not more
than one header for each put-log/pole shall be
left out. Such holes shall not be allowed in the
case of pillars, brick work less than one metre
in length between the operungs or near the
skew backs of arches or immeiliately under or
near the structural member supported by the
walls. The holes left for put-logs/poles shall be
b)
made good with brick work and wall finishing
as specified.
6.2.7;2 Double scaffolding:
Where the brick work or tile work is to be
expo1'~d and not to be finished with plastering
148
etc. double scoffolding having two indepen-
dent supports, clear of the work, shall be pro-
vided.
6.2.8 Measurements
6.2.8.1 Brick work shall be measured in cubic
metres unless otherwise specified-. Any extra
work over the specified dimensions shall be
ignored. Dimensions shall be measured correct
to the nearest O.Olm i.e. lcm. Areas shall be
calculated to the nearest 0.01 sqmtrs and tI'1e
nearest 0.01 cubic metres .
6.2.8.2 Brick work shall be measured separ-
ately in the following stages:
(a) From foundation to floor one level (plinth
level)
(b) Pli':lth (floor one) level to floor two level
(c) Between two specified floor levels above
floor two level .
Note: i) Brick work in parapet walls, mumty,
lift machine room and water tanks constructed
on the roof upto 1.2m height above roof shall
be measured together with the corresponding
work of the floor next below:
6.2.8.3 No deductions or additions shall be
done and no extra payment made for the fol-
lowing-
Note: Where minimum area is defined for
deduction of an opening, void or both, such
areas shall refer only to opening or void within
the space measured.
a) Ends ofdissimilarmaterials{that is, joists,
beams, lintels, posts, girders, rafters, pur-
lins, trusses, corbels, steps, etc.); up to
0.lm2 in section;
Opening up to 0.lm2 in area (see Note);
c) Wall plates, bed plates, and bearing of
slabs, chajjas and the like, where thick-
ness does not exceed. 10em and bearing
does not extend over the full thickness of
wall;
d) Cement concrete blocks as for hold fasts
and holding down bolts;
e) Iron fixtures, such as wall ties, pipes upto
300mm diameter and hold fasts for doors
and windows; and
f) Chases of section not exceeding 50cm in
girth.
g) Bearing portion of drip course, bearing of
moulding and cornice.
Note: In calculating area of an opening, any
separate lintel or sills shall be included with the
size of the opening but end portions of lintel
shall be excluded. Extra width of rebated re-
veals, if any, shall also be excluded.
6.2.8A Walls half brick thick and less shall
each be measured separately in square metres
stating thickness.
6.2.8.5 Walls beyondhalfbrick thickness shall
be measured in multiples of half brick which
shall be deemed to be inclusive of mortar
joints. For the sizes of bricks specified in 6.1.1,
half brick thickness shall mean l00mm for
modular and 115mm for non-modular bricks.
Where fractions of half brick occur due to
architectural or other reasons, measurement
shall be as follows:
a) upto 114th brick -actual measurements and
b) exceeding 1/4 brick-full half bricks.
6.2.8.6 String courses, projecting pilasters,
aprons, sills and other projections shall be fully
described and measured separately in running
metres stating dimensions of each projection.
6.2.8.7 Square or rectangular pillars shall be
measured separately in cubic metres in mul-
tiple of half brick.
6.2.8.8 Circularpillars shall be measured sepa-
rately in cubic metre's as per actual-dimensions.
6.2.8.9 Brick work curved on plan shall be
measured like the brickwork in straight walls
149
and shall include all cutting and wastage of
bricks, tapered vertical joints and use of extra
mortar, if any, Brick work curved on plan to a
mean radius not exceeding six metres shall be
measured separately and extra shall be payable
over the rates for brick work, in straight walls.
Nothing extra shall be payable if the mean .
radius of the brick work curved in plan exceeds
six metres.
6.2.8.10 Tapered walls shall be measured net
as walls and extra payment shall be allowed.for
making tapered surface for brick work in walls.
6.2.8.11 Brick work with brick tiles shall be
measured and paid for separately.
6.2.9 Rate:
The rate shall include the cost of materials and
labour required for all the operations described
aoove except the vertical reinforcement and its
encasement in cement mortar or cement con-
crete. The rate shall also include the follow-
ing:-
a) Raking out joints or finishing joints flush
as the work proceeds;
b) Preparing tops of existing walls and the
like for raising further new brick work.
c) Rough cutting -and waste for forming
gables, splays at eaves and the like.
d) Leaving holes for pipes upto 150mm dia
and encasing hold fasts etc.
e) Rough cutting and waste for brick work
~urved in plan and for backing to stone or
other types of facing.
t) Embedding in ends of beams, joists, slabs,
lintels, sills, trusses etc.
g), Bedding wall plates, lintels, sills, roof
tiles, corrugated sheets, etc. in or on walls
if not covered in respective items and
h) Leaving chases of section not exceeding
50cm in girth or 350 sq em in cross-
section.
i) Brick on edge courses, cut brick comers,
splays reveals, cavity walls, brick works
cUIved on plan to a mean radius exceed-
ing six metres.
6.3 Brick Work in Arches (Fig:S)
6.3.0 The detailed specifications for brick
work mentioned in 6.2 shall apply, in so far as
these are applicable. Arch work shall include
masonry for both' gauged as well. as plain
arches. In gauged arches. cut or moulded bricks
shall be used. In plain arches, uncut bricks shall
be used.
Brick forming skew-backs shall be dressed Oi
cut so as to give proper radial bearing to the end
voussoirs. Defects in dressing of bricks shal1
not be covered by extravagant use of mortar.
nor shall the use of chips or bats etc. be pemlit-
ted.
The bricks of the spandrel wall at their junc-
tions with the extrados
I
of the arch shall be cut
to fit the curvature of the arch.
6.3.1 Circular Arches: 111ese shall be ei-
ther (a) plain arches, and shall be built in half
brick concentric rings with break. joints, or (b)
gauged arches built with bncks cut or mo~ded
to proper shape. The arch work shall be camed
up from both ends simultaneously and keyed
inthe centre. The bricks shall be flush with
mortar and well pressed into their positions so
as to squeeze out a part of their mortar and leave
the joints thin and compact. All joints shall be
full of mortar and thickness of joints shall not
be less than 5mm nor more then I5mm.
After the arch is completed, the haunches shall
be loaded by filling up the spandrels upto the
crown level of the arch. Care shall be taken to
load the haunches on two sides of the spand-
rels.
When the arch face is to be pointed (and not
plastered), the face bricks shall be cut to proper
shape or moulded, so as to have ,the joints not
more than 5mm thick. These shall be laid ~th
radial joints to the full depth of the arch. The
150
voussoirs shall break joints to the full depth ()f
the arch.
6.3.2 Flat Arches: These shall be gauged
arches of brick cut or moulded to proper shape.
The extrados sha~l be kept horizontal and the
intrados shall be given slight camberofl in 100
of the span. The centre of the arch from which,
joints shall radiate, shall be determined by the
point of the inter-section of the two lines drawn
from the ends of the arch at the springing level
and at 600 to horizontal.
In flat arhes, bricks shall be laid with radial
joints to the full depth of arch and voussoirs
breaking joints with each other. The arch w~rk
shall be carried up from both ends simulta-
neously and keyed in the centre. The thickness
ofthe joints shall not exceed 5mm. Flat arches
may be used for the sake of appearance' but for
purpose of carrying loads of the wall above,
these shall be used in conjuction with relieving
arches, lintels placed below.
6.,3.3 Centring and Shuttering: The cent-
ring ai1d shuttering for the arch shall be got
approved by the Engineer-in-charge before the
arch work is started ..It shaB be strong enough
to bear the dead load of the arch and the live
loads that are likey to come upon it during
construction, without any appreciable deflec··
tions.
The shuttering shall be tightened with hard
wood wedges or sand boxes, so that the same
could be eased without jerks being transmitted
to the arch. The sequence of easing ti'1eshutter-
ing shall be got approved from the Engineer-in-
charge. The shuttering shall be struck within 48
hours of the completion of the arch but not
before 24 hours. This shall be done after the
spandrel has been fIlled in and the arch loaded.
6.3.4 Measurements: The length of the arch
shall be measured as the mean of the extrados
and intrados of the arch correct to a em. The
thickness of the arch shall be measured in
multiples of the half brick.
The breadth in the direction of the thickness of
wall shall.be measured as specified.
 The cubical contents shall b~ (~alculated in
cubic metre,correc! to two plac.esof decimal.
For arches exceeding 6m in spans extra yay-
ment shall be made on the actual area of the
soffit for additional cost of centring inCluding
all strutting, bolting, wedging, easing, striking
'and its removal.
6.3.5 Rate : The rate is inclusive of the cost
of the materials and labour required for all the
~ operations described above.
6.4' Half Brick Work. '
Brick work in half brick walls sh~ll 00 done i..11
the same maimer as described aoove in 6.2.4
, except that the bricks shall be laid in stretcher
bond. When the half brick work is, to be rein-
forced. 2 Nos M.S~ bars of 6mm dia., shall be
embedded in every third course as given in the
item (the dia of bars shall riot exceed 8mm),
These shall, be securely anchored at their end
where the partitions end. The free ends of t.qe
reinforcement shall be keyed ioto the mortar of '
the main brick work to which the half brick
work is joined. The m0ltar used for reiPJ'orced
brick work shall be rich dense cement mortar of
mix 1:4. Lime mortar shall not be used. Over
laps in reinforcement;if ~y shall not be less
than 3Ocm.
The mortar interposed between the reinforce-
ment bars and the brick shall not be less than
5mm. The mortar covering in'the dirction of
joints shall not be less than I5mm.
6.4.1 Measurements
The length and height of the \Vdll shall be
measured correct to a em. T,he area shall be
calculat~d in sq.m. where half brick wall is
joined to the main walls of one brick or greater
thickness the measurements for half brick wall
shall be taken for its clear length from the face
of the thicker wall. ,
6.4.2 Rate
The rate includes the cost of the materials and
labour involved in all the openitions described
151
11-4/CPWD/ND/92
aoove except reLt1forGement which is to be paid
fori)!, rep?xately,
,
6,;5 Brick iHe work
6.5.@ The work. shail be done .•in the same
manner as described in 6.2.4 except that brick
tile shall be used instead of bricks. The I!lea-
surement and rate shall be same· as specified
under 6.2. '
The brick honeycomb work shaH be done Vlrith
specified. c1ass of brick, laid in specified mOf-
tar. AJljoints ,md edges shall be struck t1ush (0
give. g!n even surface,
The thickness of the brick honeycomb work
shall be half ~brickonly, unless otherwise speci-
fied. Operrl.~gs shan be equal and alternate with
half brick laid with a bearing of 2ero on either
side. '
6,,6.1 Measurements
The length and height shall be measured cor-
'reet to a em. AreashaJl be calculated in squa.~
.metres 'correct to two places of decimal. Hon-
eycomb .openings shall not be deducted
6.6.2 R~te'
1be rate includes the cost of materials and
labour involved in all the operations described
above. '
'.
6.7 Joining Old Brick Work With New
Brick Work
6.1.1 In case the height oftlie bricks of old as
well as new work is same, the old work shall be .
toothed to the full width of the new wall and to
the depth of a quarter of brick in- alternate
courses. Incase the height of the bricks is
unequal, then the heig~t of each. course of new
work shall be made equal to the height of the
old work by adjusting thickness of horizontal
mortar joint~_inthe new wall. Where necessary,
adjustment shall be made equal to thickness of
oldwall by adjusting the thickness of vertical
joints.
6.7.2 For joiningne.w cross wall to old main
walls, a number of rectangular recesses of
width equal to the thickness of cross wall, three
courses in height and half a brick in depth shall
be cut in the main walls. A space of the three
courses shall be left between two consecutive
recesses. The new cross wall shall be bonded
into the recesses to avoid any settlement.
6.7.3 Joining of old brick work with the new
brick work shall be done in such a way that
there shall not be any hump or projection at the
joint.
6.7.4 Measurement The height fu'1d tl'1ick-
ness of vertical face in contact with new work
shall be measured tathe nearestO.Olm and the
area shall be calculated to the nearest 0.01 sqrn.
6.7.S Rate TIle rate includes the cost of
labour and material involved in all the opera-
tions described above.
6.8 Moulding and Cornices
6.8.0 The specifications described under6.2
shall apply in so far these are applicable. Moul-
dings a.11dcornices shall be made with bricks as
specified for brick work. The bricks shall be cut
and dressed to the required shape as shown in
the architectural drawings.
6.8.1 Cornices shall not ordinarily project
by more than 15cm to 20cm and this projection
shall be obtained by projecting each brick
course by not more than one fourth of the brick
course by not more than one fourth of the brick
length. For cornices projecting more than 20cm
and requiring more than quarter bricks projec-
tion, metal cramps shall be used and paid for
separately.
6.8.2 Corbelling shall be brought roughly to
shape by plastering with the specified mortar.
When the mortar is still green, the mouldings
shall be finished straight and true with the help
of metal templates.
152
6A3 Curing ~nd pratection
The mouldings and cornices shall be cun~dfor
at least seven days. These shall he protected
from the effects of sun. and rain by suitable
covering and also from damage during t.1-Ie
execution of the worle.
6.8.4 Measurem.£nts
For the pappose of measurements, the sec-
Donal periphery of JI10wdiogs' and cornices
(excluding the portion in contact with wall)
shall be measured ill centimetres and length in
metres (fig, below). The girth and length shall
be mea..<rnredcorrect to a em. No deduction
shall be made from the masomy of wall for the
bearing of the moulding andcomices.
6$.5 Rate.
The rate. indude3 the cost of materials and
labour involved in all the operations described
above.
Note:-
1. The sectional Periphery Curve ABCDEF
2. Length FA shall not be measured
6.9 Brick work under water or foul posi-
~tions
Brick Work under following conditions
i) Work in or under water/or liquid mud
ii) Work in or under foul positions
Shall be measured separately for pay-
ment of extra rate over and above the
quantity measured and paid under. para
6.2.8

The facing bricks made from swtable soils
shaJ1be free from cracks, flaws. nodules offree
lime warpage and organic matter, These shall
ht: thoroughly burnt md shill ha,\il':, plane rect-
angular faces with parallel side§ and sharp
::Jlrnightright angled edges. Fa(''h'1g bricks shall
have unifonn colour and even texture. Unless
oth~rwise specified, facing bKicks shall be
machine moulded. Selected hand moulded
bricks may also be used as facing bricks where
sped;;ified.As far as possible, total reqmrement
of facing bricks for a work shall be arranged
froin the same kiln. Bricks with chipped edges
and broken comers shall not be used.
6J,O.2 Dimensions and Toleratrftces:
The standard sizes of machine moulded fa.cing
bricks shall be 18 specified in6.1.1
6.102.1 The permissible tolernncese shall be as
under:-
mm
±390
± 1.5
± 40
190 or III
or 44
225
Toleran;~e(For
,--~~
---
Machine
ded bricks)moul-
Note: Tolerance & Dimensions for selected
hand moulded bricks ±4mm in length and
±3mm in width & thickness)
6.10.3 Sampling- As per Para 6.1.3
6.1.3.2
6.10.4 Physical requirements:
Facing bricks shall be of class designation 75
unless otherwise specified. Average compres-
sive strength shall not be less than 7 .5~/mm2
water absorption shall not exceed 20 percent by
weight and efflorescence rating shall be nil
when tested in accordance with the procedure
laid down and tolerance in dimensions shall be
checked as pr:;r the pror..edure laid down in
Appendix A-2.
Mortar, Soaking of Bricks and laying shall be
as specified in. Para 6.2.2,6.2.3 and 6.2.4
respectively
6.10.5 Joints in the exposed brick work shall
be truly horizontal and vertical and kept uni-
form with tbe help of wooden qr steel strips.
The thickness o[ joints shall be as per 6.2.5.0.
6010.6 Curi.."1g l:U"1d scaffoJding sha.U be as
specified in 62.6 and 6.2,7 to 6.2.7.2 ,respec-
tively.
6.10.7' Measurements:
Exposed brick work in face using machine
moulded bricks and selected hand moulded
bricks shall be measured separately and the
measurement shill be as specified in 6.2.8.
6.10.8 Rate~
The rates shall 00 as specified in 6.2.9 and shall
also include the following :-
a) Labour for selecting bricks and wastage
of bricks where use of selected hand
moulded brick is speccified.
b) Leaving unifonn horizontal and vertical
grooves of specified depth and providing
joints of required thiclr..nessusing wooden
or steel strips as the worle proceeds.
6.11 Cavity Wall: It is a wall comprising of
-two leaves, each leaf being built of masonry
units and separated by a cavitY so as to provide
&
·an air space within the wall and tied together
with metal ties or bdnding units to ensure that
two leaves act as one structural unit. The width
of the cavity shall not be less than 50 mm. and
not more than 115 m.m. Each leaf of the cavity
_ wall shall not be less than 75mm. The space;
between the leaves being either left as cavity or
fill~d with non-load bearing insulating and
water proofing material.
153
6.11.1 M~talTieg:Tnese maybeofgalvanisd
iron, wrought iron, gun metal, brass, copper,
stainless steel or any such corrosion resistant
metal, made of flats 20 X Sm.m. cra.'lked or
twisted at their. mid point with ends split and
fish tailed; The ties shall be built into hOIizon-
tal bed joints during erection, placed sloping
towards \he exterior side to prevent water from
flowing along it from outer to inner leaf sid~
(For details refer. fig. 6 on page, 164-1 (-is)
6.11.2 Bonding Units: These shall be prefer-
ably precast RC.C. units having cross-section
as per fig. No.6.
a) Brick work ht cavl!ywalls sh211 be in-
Glll<.kd ~nd measured Vll[h gencr:il brick
work ..The width ofrhe cavity shall not be
measured. Skin of cavity wall, half brick
thickness shan DCmeasured as & p:;id as
described in 6.2.8 & 6.4
b) :fhe forming o[the cavi~ shall be given
in square metres stating the width oftI'1e
caviry and sha11 include the metal ties!
bonding unit sp-.;cifying the numbers pe:r
square metre.

Length of the Bonding units will he sum of c) Labour matedal for dosing cavities
a..."1c!

thickness ofoom leaves plus width of cavity if at the jarnbs, sills and heads of opening
me leaves are 75mrnor 115 mm. If the leaves shall bl'; as described and measured
are more than 115mm thick, then the length of scperatcly in running metres.
a UJ'Ijt will be 2X] 15+ width of cavity as shown
d) The lW1Y1 shall i.rlclude use of device for
in Fig. 6 on page 166. Precast RCC units shall
keeping cavity clear a.nd fonning the req-
be provided with 2 no.; 6mm mild steel rein-
forcement bars tied with 2 no. 3mm. dia.m.s uisite weep and vent holes and nothing
extra on this account shall be payable.
hard drawn wire cross bars (As shown in Fig.6h
on page 166) placed in the centre of units.

Cement concrete used in the bonding units

shall not be leaner than 1:3:6 (lcement:3 coarse
sand:6 graded stone aggregate 20mm nominal
size).

6.11.3. Spacing: Metal tieS/bOndingunits shall

be spaced not more than90 em apart horizon-
tally and 45 em vertically and staggered in each
oour~. Additional ties shall be used near open-
ings.

6.11.4 Restrictions: Cavity walls shaH not

normally be built Cmore 'thaIl 7.5 metres in'
height and 9 metres in length;. Where large
lengths and heights afe: desired, the wall shall
be divided into p:me:ls with strengthening mea-
sun~s such as piHars etc, Cavity shall be cov-
ered at lhe top with at least two courses of
masonry unit and/or a coping over it.

Adoption of cavity walls is nm: recommended

when heavy concentrated ImKlfrom be:ametc.
;lfC to be supported by walis.

154
 APPENDIX A

TEST H)R DIMENSfONALTOLERANCE

(Para 6.1.33)

A - '(~%mpUng ; As per para 6,1.3.1 &,6,1.3.2 Non-Modular Bricks

.4.. - 2ProGcdme : iJI th~ bJistem, loose par- POI' class 10

t~,clcs(Jf clay and small fjIvjccti0ns shall
be removl:d from the surface of bricks. Length 441 to 459cm
Each ~;p{Cdmcf1of 20 bricks sha.ll then be 'Width 218 to 226cm
arr:.mgcd upon a level surface succes-
sively as indicatcdln fig. A-3'and C in Height 138 to 142cm (FOi 70mm high
contact ,"vith each other and in straight bricks)
Une. The :)veraH h:ngth ("fthe assembled 86 to 90 em (ForM mm high bricks)
bricks (20 Nos) shaH t~ me3Bured witl1 a
steel tape sufficiently long to measure t,e For other classes
\vhole row at one stretch.
Length 432 to 468cm
A - 3 Tolerance : The actual dimensions of
bricks when tested as descIibed in /\-2 Width 213 to 231cm
shall be within the foUmving limite; per 20
Height 134 to 146cm (For 70mm high
bricks.
bricks)
Modular "Bricks
84 to 92 em (For 44mm high
bricks;

A - 4Crireda for conformity. A lot shall be

Height 176 to 184cm {tHO ± 4{~m)for 90mm
high brick
7610 84cm (80 ± 4cm) for 40mm high brick
considt;red. conforming to the require-
1Xwnts of dimensions and tolcrance.<; if aU
(he groups of bricks are tested to meet the
specified requirement.;; ..

A1\tfEJ\SUREW1ENT OF LENGTH

'13' MEASUREMENT OF WIDTH

'C' lYfEASUREMENT OF HEIGHT

155
 APPENDIX B

'fEST FOR COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH

(Para 6.1.3.4)

B-1 Specimen Load shall be applied carefully a.>dally at um-

Five whole bricks shall be taken from the
sarnples as speclllens forthis test Length
and width of each specimen shall be
'measured correct to Imm.
B-2 Apparatus
The apparatus consists of compression
testing machine, t'1e compression plate of
which shall have a ball seating in the form
fonn rate of 14 N/mm2 per minute till the
failure of the specimen occurs.
:8-4 Reporting the Test Results:
The compressive strength of each sped·
men shall be calculated ii1 N/mm2 as
under:
Compressive Strength ==
--------'-.-
Maximmn load at failure (in N)

Area. of Specimen (in sq mm)

of portion of a sphere the centl"f~of which
shall coincide with t.qecentre oftl'1e plate.
B- 3 Procedure
(a) Pre-conditioning
The specimen shall be h'TimelSed in
the water for 24 hours at 25:>to
29°C. Any surplus moisture shall be
allowed to dram at room. tempera-
ture. The frog of the, bricks should
be filled flush with mnrtar 1 : 3 0.
cement: 3deancC\!iirse G&'1<1ofgrade
13-5 Criteria for confonnity
3mm and down) and~haTI be kept
under damp jute bags for 24 hours
afterthat these shall be immersed in
clean water for three days.
Afterremoval from water, the bricks shall
be wiped out of any traces of moisture.
In. case the compresive streng'"J1 of &"iY
individual brick tested exceeds the upper
limit of the average compressive strength
specified for tIlt:: corresponding class of
brick,the Saine shall be limited to ti'1~
upper lLmit of the class specified in 6.1,1
for the purpose of calculating the average
compressive- strength. Compressive
strength of all the h"1dividual bricks com··
prisi.'1g the sample shall be averaged and
reported. -
A lot shall be considered having satisfii~d
the requirements of average compressive
strength if the average comprestdve
stiengtl1 specified in 6.L2forthe C01re·
sponding class of brick tested is net be-
llOW the minimum average compressive

(b) Actual testing strength specified for the corresponmr!.g

class of bricks by more than 20 per~nt
SpedInen shall be placed with fiat
face3 horizontal and rnor!:<'ty fm~~d
face upward hetween tllIee 3- ply
plywood sheets each of thickness
3i1:ifil and carefully centred between
plates or the testing machine. PIal;;'·
tef ot'Paas can also be used in plac.e
of plywood sheets to ensure a \1pj-
fann surface.

,
\
 APPENDIX C

TEST FOR 'INA,TER ABSORPTION

(Para 6.1.3.5)

C-l NO OF SPECll\IffiN and then shall be weiglled wittJn

thrtc minutes after removing fm111
Five whole bricks shall be taken from \'/~ter0N2) ,
samples as specimen for this test.,
C-4 Reporting L'1e test results
C-2 Apparatus
The water absorption of each specimen
A ba1<,',ncerequired for this test shall be shall be calculated as follows and t.l-te
sensitive tu weigh ~ll percent of the average of five tests shaH be reported.
weight of the specimen.
W2 - WI
C-3 Procedure Water Absorption:::: --- X 100_
WI
(a) Pre-conditioning
C-5 Criteria for conformity
The specimen shall be allowed to
dry in a ventilated oven at a 11[jJ C A lot shall be considered having satisfied
to 115° C till it attains a substan- the requirements of water absorption if
tially constant weight. Uthe speci- the average water absorption is not mq:re
men is known to be relatively dry, than 20% by weight.
tlrls would be accomplished in 48
hours, if the specimen is wet, sev-
eral additional hours may be fi~-
quired to attain a constant weight. It
shall be allowed to cool at room
temperature. In a ventilated roorn,
properly separated bricks will re-
quire four hours for cooling, unless
electric fan passes air over them ,
continuously in which case two
hours may suffice.

The IXJOled specimen shall be weigh ('iN!)

a warm specimen shall not be used for
this purpose.

(b) Actual TesTh"1g

Specimen shall be: (X)rop1etely dried

before immersion in 'the water. It
shill bf;;kept in clean water at a
temperature of 27° c ± 2° c for 24-
.hours. Specimen shall be -wiped out
of the traces of water with a, damp
doth after removL'1g from the water

157
 APPENDIX D

-- TEST Iti'OR EFFLORESCENCE

(Para 6.1.3.6)

D-l No of specimen d) REA VY: When theH~ is a heavy

deposit of salts covering 50% or
Five whole bricks shall be taken as Sf..-eci- more of the brick surface but
men for this test. unaccompanied by powdering or
flaking of the surface.
D-2 Apparatus
. (e) -SERtOUS: When there is heavy
Apparatus requued for this test shall be a
deposit of salts, accompanied pow-
_shallow flat bottom dish. containing dis-
dering and/or flaking of the surface
tilled water.
and tending to increase in the re-
D-3Procedure (actual tesuIlg) peated wetting of the specimen.

'(he brick shcill be placed vertically in the D-5 Criteria for conformity
dish with Z;5cm irnmersed in the water.
A lot be considered having satisifted tlv~
The room shall be warm (18° C to 30°C) requirements of- efflorescence if for 4
and well ventilated. ri11e bri~ks showd
out of the specimen of 5 bricks, the
not 00 renlOved until it absorbs: whole
ralingof effloresence is not beyond
water. When the whole wateds i.1hsoru:;;d "Moderate",
lli"lG tlt'J.,f.::
brick appea.r-s to t~ dry, place: a
similar quantily of Vfat:~rin that dish and
«_11
1d.IO'N It
• m evaporate
- 2iS ,~, -"
l!'trc01-e" i ne tlm:x
,.,,,,, - • "

shall be examh"1ed aft<;rIDe second evapo-

ration.

D-4 Reporting the test results

The rating to efflorescence in ascending

ordershallbereporteda.s 'NIL'. 'SLIGHT,
'MODERATE, 'HEAVYo:\,'SER1:0US'
in accordance wi~h the following.

B) SLKH~iT: When not moretban 10

percent f;f t.he 2.xe:a of lh~~bri<:K is
dCP{l~it:of :~'i~lt~.
'c:'()vered wid~ a:t~~J11.

C)MODERATE: When there is

he<.wier deposit and CO\N;:r".ng upto
50% ofL.1.e area Gfihe brick surface
but una·ecompanied by :~x'fwdcring
or flaking of u'1e surface.

158
 B.R'·C K WO R K

CHAPTER - BRICK ",'ORK

CLAUSE - 6,0 P. 6 '2·~
FIG. 1.

. OV ERSAIUNG• COURSE--Lj""',- CO P! NG

, > 'UD PHUSI(~

_ ~T'lEr ~I 1
.SlA s---.F:
': .... -.,.':.~....
: " :.~ ···~··i 1
. - ~.----rORNW!="
'"I't"'o
I ..' .~-
.,

-Sn~ING COURSE

A. PI E R ( 1)
WI NOOW SILL

B. PIER (2)

ope

C. PILL AR S D. TYPICAl. 5£ C TION, OF SRI C K W.b.LL

THE BREAOTH SHALL NOT E: XC!.:: EO
THREE TiMES THE THICKNESS }.,NO
/
THICK NE 55 ITSE LF SHALL NOT
EXCEED MORE THAN THREE BRICKS

ORA WIN G NOT TO SCALE,

159
 BRICK PILLARS
CHAPTER - BRICKWORK
CLAUSE - !;,2.4J
FIGURE - 2.

on D ~OUR 5ES EVEN (OUR SES

150

[I] Etfl
.{100 ~.

1 X 1V2 BRICK

-t 200
..... !.. 0-¥ .. 4"I

EEf
or

1 X 2 BRICK Rl
~t

[DIU

. 1V2
~ X 2 8RICK~

'2 X 2 DRI CK

S··n" "~')
Er~GtJSi1 .."\}N~,,,";
I

Drawing A 0 t to 5ca.t@.
All di men$ions or e in rnm.
160
 8 RI C K BONDS
CHAPT ER - BRICK WORK.
C LA U 5£ . £). 2 . £1. 1
FIGURE - 3.

ODD COURSES EVEN COURSES

-• II

B
sot
10~_ bt H ---'-------
1 BR! CK WAll

Queen
Closer '] n
t
g\
Nt
--~--

WALL

:2 ,,--_._-
8 f<jCi(
.--,",,-..-...-
..
WALL

BOND
Dru wing II at' to seal e
All dim2!1siohs are in rnm.

161
 CHAPTER - am::x WORK
CLAUSE - 6.'2.[,.1
FIGURE - 4.

ODD COURSES

./
CUT
""7 •••_ ..
BR!e:.:: CORNER (MAFH)CONAt./~
·._. __ -_-~· -----

Dr Ci win 9 no \ 'to scale.

;\([ dimensi on~; or Q. .in mm 162
 CHAPT ER - BRiCI< WORK
CLAUSE-S')
FIGURE - 5.

r extrados
back
or
iau~__ ~__
.joints no! I1
mar-=: than - soffit
51T1fT1 th ick
I. or joints varying
5'p~irging jtntrados from 5 to 15 mm
POI~!~ I -.
--r----;:. th irk

abutm ent
span

GAUG ED PLAIN OR ROUGH

CiRCULAR ARCH

span -

qNE BRICK THICK

. FLAT _ GAUGED - ARCH

163
j)rnwi ng n at to sc ali2 .
 CHAPTER - BRICK WORK

m
CLAUSE - 6'11· Q
co ping
FIGURE - 6.

- - ~ :r'oof level

M~NM
met 01 tie or
Cavity 1: 50 bonding uni t
:i> 115 -- cavity to start from
75mm -above g.t.
G. l.
(c.d SECTIO~ OF CAVITY WALL

_ norma'lIy
115 but not Ie 5S 230 mm wall
than -75mm in
any case

met a I tie O(J

bonding unit
( b j 5 E.CT I aNA l Pl AN - M M
c av ity

115
If.!ss
or ----1-. 115 or I p.ss

(c) PLAN AT MM

or less

.side
115 mm
faceout---i§3:§=-75mm
~
(d) PLAN AT MM

NOTE:-
75mm -----EJ ·[3--75 mm
1) Only one of the alternative
a. b • c ,q or e sh a II be
app I icable in ea ch case
2JTies shalt be placed sloping
(.) PLAN AT MM towards exterior si de.

164
 FIGURE - 6.
CONTIN UED
W~II ti e po.Sition
rUnbonded Jamb ~ ~

o
a
M

~ ~I
--!

~t
~I
-+--
~I
-k:-
I "1

~
-t-
~

k- 900 MM -+ 900 MM ¥_
+
AS NEAR TO OPENING AS IS PRACTICABLE

(f ) .E LEV A T ION

METAL TIE AS, PER DETAIL

METAL TIE AS PER DETAIL

(9) ISOMETRIC VIEW

165
 FIGURE - 6 .
CONTINUED

( i) MET AL TIE
3mm m.s. hard drawn wire

course
height
1-
1
>~1
---"-'----L
J
_ ~mOE
I
. L = sutn of two lef1ves .• cavity
t- 2 X 115-. CQvit y (for walls
L =- thidness of walls-"'cavity 11 5 rn tn or tn 0 r e )
:to- 2 X 11 5 i
.•. c a v t Y (For wo.u.s 115 10m(;)1' 1110re )

(h ) 80 N01N G UNIt.
(PREFERA 8 LY P RECAS T .R.C.C.)

~~
---C2-36 mm m.s. 'bars
mm m.s. wi ref hard drown wire

(J) DETAILS OF REINFORCEMENT IN BONDING UNIT

166
 NOTES

I :l-4/CPWD/ND/92
167
 NOTES

168