A Thermal Energy Storage System Powered by

Wind Turbine
Hui Voon Lim, Pomto Jaya, Saeed Nazari, Tilak Chand Dhital
Norwegian University of Science and Technology

Introduction Mathematical Modeling

Thermal Energy Storage (TES) is a system, which stores available
Simple Lumped System

Mechanical Rotational Domain

heat energy using different approaches in insulated repositories. The  1
M 
 R 2 air  R 3 2
V CT ho AR (TR  To )dt  mCpo dTo
 
purpose of the system is to conserve electrical energy produced by 
CP  CT TSR  CT 
CP
 60 . f grid
 dTo
T  T 
ho AR
dt
   G  G0  (1  Slip)  R o mCp o
 TSR  G0
renewable resources such as wind turbine or solar panel as thermal

Electrical Domain

Thermal Domain
 30 Np ho AR
 R R  t

TSR   ( M R  P) d  To (t )  TR (t )  (TR (t )  To ,i )e mCpo

energy. A useful application of the TES could be providing hot water  V 

 I 
MG
 T
 ( J HSS T R )
dt
 1 3 2 CP
for household heating system.  RM (V )   air  R V  G G
2 TSR  P  J LSS R  P  J LSS R Advanced Lumped System
 
 (V )  TSR V  dTo (ho ,1 AR (TR  To )  ho ,2 As (To  Ts ))
  
 R T (t)= 47.02 I (t )+ 41.93
System Description 
T   R (V )
R
 R

 dt mco
 dTs ho ,2 As (To  Ts ) hE P(Ts  Tw )
  
 w S wcw L
 G  dt mco
 dT h P(Ts  Tw ) Tw  Tw,i
The aerodynamic torque captured by a rotor is transmitted   w E ( )(
m
)
 M  ( M R  P )  d ( J T )  dt  S c
s s s L L  S
w w

through a low-speed shaft (LSS) connected to a gearbox. A high-  G T dt

HSS R

speed shaft (HSS) connected to the other side of the gearbox

drives a generator.
The generator transforms the rotational energy from the HSS into the Simulation Results
electrical energy.
The current produced by the generator goes through the thermal
resistors and to generate heat inside the isolated chamber filled
with heat storage fluid called Dynalene MT. The cold water flows
through the heat exchanger and gets heated up and then flows
through a pipe acting as a hot fluid supply for a central heating
system.

Schematics

Assumptions Conclusions and Future Works

Mechanical Rotational Domain
• Wind turbine is operated under design condition.
• Transformer is considered as an ideal machine.
• No compliance and resistance in the drivetrain.
Electrical Domain
• Gyrator is considered as an ideal machine.
• Gyrator is modelled as an asynchronous generator with constant
rotational speed.
Thermal Domain
• The Thermal Energy Storage (TES) chamber is considered as an
adiabatic chamber.
• The pressure inside TES is always constant.
• The temperature distribution of fluid inside TES is uniform.
Bond Graph
It was proved by employing the simplified energy approach, the
converted power generated from the wind turbine can be transformed
into thermal power that is susceptible to be used for the household
heating system. The results found by employing the advanced lumped
system analysis indicated that this system is feasible to provide
sustainable thermal energy even after the wind turbine stopped
operating.
Since the heat transfer inside TES is a dominant phenomenon affecting
the performance of the whole system, more detailed analyses can be
performed by the aid of CFD.
References
[1] Skea J, Nishioka S, Policies and practices for a low-carbon society. Modelling long-term
scenarios for low carbon societies. In: Strachan N, Foxon T, Fujino TJ, editors. Climate Policy,
vol. 8; 2008. p. 5–16.
[2] X. Luo, J. Wang, M. Dooner, J. Clarke, Overview of current development in electrical
energy storage technologies and the application potential in power system operation, Appl.
Energy 137 (2015) 511-536.
[3] Y. Jian, F. Bai, Q. Falcoz, C. Xu, Y. Wang, Z. Wang, Thermal analysis and design of solid
energy storage systems using a modified lumped capacitance method, Appl. Therm. Eng. 75
(2015) 213-223.
[4] T.L. Bergman, A.S. Lavine, F.P. Incropear, D.P. Dewitt, Fundamentals of Heat and Mass
Transfer, seventh ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New Jersey, 2011.

TEP 4240 – System Simulation – November 2017