2017 BAR EXAMINATIONS

REMEDIAL LAW

November 26, 2017 8:00 A.M. -12:00 N.N.

INSTRUCTIONS

1. This Questionnaire contains ten (10) pages. Check and make sure
that your Questionnaire has the correct number of pages. You may
write on your Questionnaire as you answer the questions.

Read each question very carefully and write your answers in your
Bar Examination Notebook in the same order of the questions.
Answer the essay questions legibly, clearly, and concisely. Write
your answers only on the front. of every page of your Notebook. If
the front pages are not sufficient, continue at the back of the first
page and so on. Start every number on a separate page, but an
answer to a sub-question under the same number may be written
continuously on the same page and on the immediately succeeding
pages until the answer is complete. Follow the numbering sequence
of the Questionnaire in your answers.

2. Your answers should demonstrate your ability to analyze the

facts, apply the pertinent laws and jurisprudence, and arrive at
sound and logical conclusions. Answers must fully explain even if
the questions do not expressly require explanations. A "Yes" or
"No" answer sans explanation or discussion will not be given full
credit

3. Marking of your Notebook with your name or other identifying

signs or symbols extraneous to the subject matter of the questions
may be considered as cheating and may disqualify you.

Good luckl

YOU CAN BRING HOME THE QUESTIONNAIRE.

1nnan
2017 Bar Examinations
REMEDIAL LAW 2

I.

What trial court outside Metro Manila has exclusive original

jurisdiction over the following cases? Explain briefly your answers.

(a) An action filed on November 13, 2017 to recover the possession

of an apartment unit being occupied by the defendant by mere
tolerance of the plaintiff, after the former ignored the last demand to
vacate that was duly served upon and received by him on July 6,
2016. (2.5%)

(b) A complaint in which the principal relief sought is the

enforcement of a seller's contractual right to repurchase a lot with
an assessed value of ~15,000.00. (2.5o/o)

II.

Santa filed against Era in the RTC of Quezon City an action for
specific performance praying for the delivery of a parcel of land
subject of their contract of sale. Unknown to the parties, the case
was inadvertently raffled to an RTC designated as a special
commercial court. Later, the RTC rendered judgment adverse to
Era, who, upon realizing that the trial court was not a regular RTC,
approaches you and wants you to file a petition to have the
judgment annulled for lack of jurisdiction.

What advice would you give to Era? Explain your answer. (4%)

Ill.

Answer the following briefly:

(a) What elements should concur for circumstantial evidence to be

sufficient for conviction? (2%)

(b) When is bail a matter of judicial discretion? (2%)

(c) Give at least two instances when a peace officer or a private

person may make a valid warrantless arrest. (2°/o)

(d) What is a tender of excluded evidence? (2°/o)

....
REMEDIAL LAW 3

IV.

Give brief answers to the following:

(a) What is the doctrine of hierarchy of courts? (2o/o)

(b) What is the Harmless Error Rule in relation to appeals? (2°/o)

(c) When does a public prosecutor conduct an inquest instead of a

preliminary investigation? (2%)

v.

After working for 25 years in the Middle East, Evan returned to the
Philippines to retire in Manila, the place of his birth and childhood.
Ten years before his retirement, he bought for cash in his name a
house and lot in Malate, Manila. Six months after his return, he
learned that his house and lot were the subject of foreclosure
proceedings commenced by ABC Bank on the basis of a
promissory note and a deed of real estate mortgage he had
allegedly executed in favor of ABC Bank five years earlier.

Knowing that he was not in the country at the time the promissory
note and deed of mortgage were supposedly executed, Evan
forthwith initiated a complaint in the RTC of Manila praying that the
subject documents be declared null and void.

ABC Bank filed.a motion to dismiss Evan's complaint on the ground

of improper venue on the basis of a stipulation in both documents
designating Quezon City as the exclusive venue in the event of
litigation between the parties arising out of the loan and mortgage.

Should the motion to dismiss of ABC Bank be granted? .Explain

your answer. (5%) ·

VI.

Hanna, a resident of Manila, filed a complaint for the partition of a

large tract of land located in Oriental Mindoro. She impleaded her
two brothers John and Adrian as defendants but did not implead
Leica and Agatha, her two sisters who were permanent residents of
Australia.

'7
REMEDIAL LAW 4

Arguing that there could be no final determination of the case

without impleading all indispensable parties, John and Adrian
moved to dismiss the complaint.

Does the trial court have a reason to deny the motion? Explain your
answer. (4%)

VII.

Elise obtained a loan of P3 Million from Merchant Bank. Aside from

executing a promissory note in favor of Merchant Bank, she
executed a deed of real estate mortgage over her house and lot as
security for her obligation. The loan fell due but remained unpaid;
hence, Merchant Bank filed an action against Elise to foreclose the
real estate mortgage. A month after, and while the foreclosure suit
was pending, Merchant Bank also filed an action to recover the
principal sum of P3 Million against Elise based on the same
promissory note previously executed by the latter.

In opposing the motion of Elise to dismiss the second action on the

ground of splitting of a single cause of action, Merchant Bank
argued that the ground relied upon by Elise was devoid of any legal
basis considering that the two actions were based on separate
contracts, namely, the contract of loan evidenced by the
promissory note, and the deed of real estate mortgage.

Is there a splitting of a single cause of action? Explain your answer.

(4%)

VIII.

A.

Laura was the lessee of an apartment unit owned by Louie. When

the lease expired, Laura refused to vacate the property. Her refusal
prompted Louie to file an action for unlawful detainer against Laura
who failed to answer the complaint within the reglementary period.

Louie then filed a motion to declare Laura in default. Should the

motion be granted? Explain your answer. (3%)

'
9
REMEDIAL LAW 5

B.

Agatha filed a complaint against Yana in the RTC in Makati City to

collect P350,000.00, an amount representing the unpaid balance on
the price of the car Yana had bought from Agatha. Realizing a
jurisdictional error in filing the complaint in the RTC, Agatha filed a
notice of dismissal before she was served with the answer of Yana.
The RTC issued an order confirming the dismissal.

Three months later, Agatha filed another complaint against Yana

based on the same cause of action this time in the MeTC of Makati
City. However, for reasons personal to her, Agatha decided to have
the complaint dismissed without prejudice by filing a notice of
dismissal prior to the service of the answer of Yana. Hence, the
case was dismissed by the MeTC.

A month later, Agatha refiled the complaint against Yana in the

same MeTC.

May Yana successfully invoke the Two-Dismissal Rule to bar

Agatha's third complaint? Explain your answer. (3%)

IX.

Abraham filed a complaint for damages in the amount of

P750,000.00 against Salvador in the RTC in Quezon City for the
latter's alleged breach of their contract of services. Salvador
promptly filed his answer, and included a counterclaim for
P250,000.00 arising from the allegedly baseless and malicious
claims of Abraham that compelled him to litigate and to engage the
services of counsel, and thus caused him to suffer mental anguish.

Noting that the amount of the counterclaim was below the exclusive
original jurisdiction of the RTC, Abraham filed a motion to dismiss
vis-8-vis the counterclaim on that ground.

Should the counterclaim of Salvador be dismissed? Explain your

answer. (4%)

x.

On the basis of an alleged promissory note executed by Harold in

favor of Ramon, the latter filed a complaint for P950,000.00 against
the former in the RTC of Davao City. In an unverified answer,

....
REMEDIAL LAW 6

Harold specifically denied the genuineness of the promissory note.

During the trial, Harold sought to offer the testimonies of the
following: (1) the testimony of an NBI handwriting expert to prove
the forgery of his signature; and (2) the testimony of a credible
witness to prove that if ever Harold had executed the note in favor
of Ramon, the same was not supported by a consideration.

May Ramon validly object to the proposed testimonies? Give a brief

explanation of your answer. (5o/o)

XI.

A.

Teddy filed against Buboy an action for rescission of a contract for

the sale of a commercial lot. After having been told by the wife of
Buboy that her husband was out of town and would not be back
until after a couple of days, the sheriff requested the wife to just
receive the summons in behalf of her husband. The wife acceded to
the request, received the summons and a copy of the complaint,
and signed for the same.

(a) Was there a valid service of summons upon Buboy? Explain

your answer briefly. (3°.4)

(b) If Buboy files a motion to dismiss the complaint based on the

twin grounds of lack of jurisdiction over his person and
prescription of the cause of action, may he be deemed to have
voluntarily submitted himself to the jurisdiction of the court?
Explain your answer briefly (3°.4).

B.

What is the mode of appeal applicable to the following cases, and

what issues may be raised before the reviewing court/tribunal?

(a) The decision or final order of the National Labor Relations

Commission. (1.5%)

(b) The judgment or final order of the RTC in the exercise of its
appellate jurisdiction. (1.5%)

•
~
REMEDIAL LAW 7

XII.

A.

Judgment was rendered against defendant Jaypee in an action for

unlawful detainer. The judgment ordered Jaypee to vacate and to
pay attorney's fees in favor of Bart, the plaintiff.

To prevent the immediate execution of the judgment, would you

advise the posting of a supersedeas bond as counsel for Jaypee?
Explain your answer briefly? (2%).

8.

A temporary restraining order (TRO) was issued on September 20,

2017 by the RTC against defendant Jeff enjoining him from entering
the land of Regan, the plaintiff.

On October 9, 2017, upon application of Regan, the trial court,

allegedly in the interest of justice, extended the TRO for another 20
days based on the same ground for which the TRO was issued.

On October 15, 2017, Jeff entered the land subject of the TRO.

May Jeff be liable for contempt of court? Why? (4°/o)

XIII.

Police officers arrested Mr. Druggie in a buy-bust operation and

confiscated from him 10 sachets of shabu and several marked
genuine peso bills worth PS,000.00 used as the buy-bust money
during the buy-bust operation.

At the trial of Mr. Druggie for violation of R.A. No. 9165

(Comprehensive Dangerous Drug Act of 2002), the Prosecution
offered in evidence, among others, photocopies of the confiscated
marked genuine peso bills. The photocopies were offered to prove
that Mr. Druggie had engaged at the time of his arrest in the illegal
selling of dangerous drugs.

Invoking the Best Evidence Rule, Atty. Maya Bang, the defense
counsel, objected to the admissibility of the photocopies of the
confiscated marked genuine peso bills.
•
)2,
REMEDIAL LAW 8

Should the trial judge sustain the objection of the defense counsel?
Briefly explain your answer (5%)

XIV.

Immediately before he died of gunshot wounds to his chest,

Venancio told the attending physician, In a very feeble voice, that it
was Arnulfo, his co-worker, who had shot him. Venancio added that
it was also Arnulfo who had shot Vicente, the man whose cadaver
was lying on the bed beside him.

In the prosecution of Arnulfo for the criminal killing of Venancio and

Vicente, are all the statements of Venancio admissible as dying
declarations? Explain your answer. (5%)

xv.

In an attempt to discredit and impeach a Prosecution witness in a

homicide case, the defense counsel called to the stand a person
who had been the boyhood friend and next-door neighbor of the
Prosecution witness for 30 years. One question that the defense
counsel asked of the impeaching witness was: "Can you tell this
Honorable Court about the general reputation of the prosecution
witness in your community for aggressiveness and violent
tendencies?"

Would you_, as the trial prosecutor, interpose your objection to the

question of the defense counsel? Explain your answer. (4%)

XVI.

Engr. Magna Nakaw, the District Engineer of the DPWH in the

Province of Walang Progreso, and Mr. Pork Chop, a private
contractor, were both charged in the Office of the Ombudsman for
violation of the Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act (R.A. No. 3019)
under a conspiracy theory.

While the charges were undergoing investigation in the Office of the

Ombudsman, Engr. Magna Nakaw passed away. Mr. Pork Chop
immediately filed a motion to terminate the investigation and to
dismiss the charges against him, arguing that because he was
charged in conspiracy with the deceased, there was no longer a
. \
J)
REMEDIAL LAW 9

conspiracy to speak of and, consequently, any legal ground to hold

him for trial had been extinguished.

Rule on the motion to terminate filed by Mr. Pork Chop, with brief
reasons. (5%).

XVII.

Juancho entered a plea of guilty when he was arraigned under an

information for homicide. To determine the penalty to be imposed,
the trial court allowed Juancho to present evidence proving any
mitigating circumstance in his favor. Juancho was able to establish
complete self-defense.

Convinced by the evidence adduced by Juancho, the trial court

rendered a verdict of acquittal.

May the Prosecution assail the acquittal without infringing the

constitutional guarantee against double jeopardy in favor of
Juancho? Explain your answer. (5%)

XVIII.

Tomas was criminally charged with serious physical injuries

allegedly committed against Darvin. During the pendency of the
criminal case, Darvin filed a separate civil action for damages
based on the injuries he had sustained.

Tomas filed a motion to dismiss the separate civil action on the

ground of litis pendentia, pointing out that when the criminal action
was filed against him, the civil action to recover the civil liability
from the offense charged was also deemed instituted. He insisted
that the basis of the separate civil action was the very same act that
gave rise to the criminal action.

Rule on Tomas' motion to dismiss, with brief reasons. (5°A.)

XIX.

Boy Maton, a neighborhood tough guy, was arrested by a police

officer on suspicion that he was keeping prohibited drugs in his
clutch bag. When Boy Maton was searched immediately after the
arrest, the officer found and recovered 10 sachets of shabu neatly
•>
~
REMEDIAL LAW 10

tucked in the inner linings of the clutch bag. At the time of his
arrest, Boy Maton was watching a basketball game being played in
the town plaza, and he was cheering for his favorite team. He was
subsequently charged with illegal possession of dangerous drugs,
and he entered a plea of not guilty when he was arraigned.

During the trial, Boy Maton moved for the dismissal of the
information on the ground that the facts revealed that he had been
illegally arrested. He further moved for the suppression of the
evidence confiscated from him as being the consequence of the
illegal arrest, hence, the fruit of the poisonous tree.

The trial court, in denying the motions of Boy Maton, explained that
at the time the motions were filed Boy Maton had already waived
the right to raise the issue of the legality of the arrest. The trial
court observed that, pursuant to the Rules of Court, Boy Maton, as
the accused, should have assailed the validity of the arrest before
entering his plea to the information. Hence, the trial court opined
that any adverse consequence of the alleged illegal arrest had also
been equally waived.

Comment on the ruling of the trial court. (5%)

-NOTHING FOLLOWS-