Avik Static Final Gradeup12.PDF-94

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Dear readers,
This STATIC GK TORNADO is a complete docket of important news and events. The STATIC GK TORNADO is important
and relevant for all competitive exams like – IBPS RRB Mains Exam 2016, NABARD 2016, Insurance and UPSC Exams.
STATIC BANKING AWARENESS TORNADO
What is Bank?
Bank is a financial institution which deals in debts and credits. It accepts deposits, lends money and also creates money.
It bridges the gap between the savers and borrowers. Banks are not merely traders in money but also in an important
sense manufacturer of money.
Primary banking functions of the banks include:
1. Acceptance of deposits
2. Advancing loans
3. Creation of credit
4. Clearing of cheques
5. Financing foreign trade
6. Remittance of funds
Demonetization :
Withdrawal of a particular form of currency (such as gold coins) from circulation.
On 8th November 2016 GOI made history by taking a striking bold step to demonetize Rs.500 & Rs.1000 note to reform
the finance sector. Making 86 per cent of the currency in circulation illegal in one stroke.
History of Demonetization in India:

• First demonetization : Pre Independence era in year 1946.
• The highest denomination note ever printed by the Reserve Bank of India was the Rs 10,000 note in 1938 and again
in 1954. But these notes were demonetized in January 1946 and again in January 1978, according to RBI data to
curb counterfeit and black money.
Sources of Black Money :

• Corruption
• Tax evasion
Countries Implemented Demonetization :

• Nigeria
• Ghana
• Pakistan
• Zimbabwe
• North Korea
• Soviet Union
• Australia
• Myanmar
What do you mean by Central Bank of a Country?

The central bank of the country is the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). It was established in April 1935 with a share capital
of Rs. 5 crores on the basis of the recommendations of the Hilton Young Commission. RBI was nationalised on 1 January
1949.
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 The Management of RBI : The Executive head of the RBI is called the Governor, who is assisted by 4 Deputy Governors
and other executive officers.
 Present Governor of RBI : Dr. Urjit R. Patel is the present governor of RBI. He assumed charge as the 24th Governor
of the Reserve Bank of India.
 Four Deputy Governor of RBI : There are 4 Deputy Governors of RBI –
1. Shri N. S. Vishwanathan
2. R Gandhi and
3. S S Mundra.
4. _________
Note : There are 4 Deputy Governors, but one place is vacant at present so the 3 Deputy Governors are R Gandhi, S S
Mundra and N S Vishwanathan
Powers of RBI –
The Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 and the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 have given the RBI wide powers of:
Supervision and Control over commercial Banks - relating to licensing and establishments,
• branch expansion,
• liquidity of their assets,
• management and methods of working,
• amalgamation (merger)
• reconstruction and liquidation.
Functions of RBI –
Issue of Currency – RBI is the sole authority for the issue of currency in India other than one rupee notes and subsidiary
coins, the magnitude of which is relatively small. The RBI is also called “Bank of Issue”.
Note: The One Rupees notes and coins are issued by the Central Govt., The Ministry of Finance
Banker to the Government – As a Bankers to the Govt. RBI performs the following functions:
(i) It accepts money, makes payment and also carries out their exchange and remittances for the Govt.
(ii) It makes loans and advances to the States and local authorities.
(iii) It also sells treasury bills to maintain liquidity in the economy.
(iv) It makes ways and means advances to the Governments for 90 days.
(v) It acts as adviser to the Government on all monetary and banking matters.
Banker’s Bank – The RBI has extensive power to control and supervise commercial banking system under the RBI Act,
1934 and the Banking Regulation Act, 149.
(i) The Banks are required to maintain a minimum of Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) with RBI.
(ii) The RBI provides financial assistance to scheduled banks and state cooperative banks.
(iii) Enables banks to maintain their accounts with RBI for statutory reserve requirements and maintenance of
transaction balances.
Custodian of foreign exchange reserves – The RBI functions as the custodian and manager of forex reserves, and
operates within the overall policy framework agreed upon with Government of India.
(i) The ‘reserves’ refer to both foreign reserves in the form of gold assets in the Banking Department and foreign
securities held by the Issue Department, and domestic reserves in the form of ‘bank reserves’.
(ii) Foreign exchange reserves are important indicators of ability to repay foreign debt and for currency defense, and
are used to determine credit ratings of nations.
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(iii) Its commonly includes foreign exchange and gold, special drawing rights,(SDRs) and International Monetary
Fund(IMF) reserve positions.
Controller of credit – Credit control is generally considered to be the principal function of Central Bank. By making
frequent changes in monetary policy, it ensures that the monetary system in the economy functions according to the
nation’s need and goals.
(i) It can do so through changing the Bank rate or through open market operations.
(ii) It controls the credit operations of banks through quantitative and qualitative controls.
(iii) It controls the banking system through the system of licensing, inspection and calling for information.
Lender of last resort – Lender of the last resort means “Central Bank (RBI) helps all the commercial and other banks in
time of financial crises.
(i) It can come to the rescue of a bank that is solvent but faces temporary liquidity problems by supplying it with much
needed liquidity when no one else is willing to extend credit to that bank.
(ii) The Reserve Bank extends this facility to protect the interest of the depositors of the bank and to prevent possible
failure of the bank, which in turn may also affect other banks and institutions and can have an adverse impact on
financial stability and thus on the economy.
What is Monetary Policy?

Monetary policy is how central banks manage the money supply to guide healthy economic growth. The money supply
is credit, cash, checks, and money market mutual funds. The most important of these is credit, which includes loans,
bonds, mortgages, and other agreements to repay.
Objectives of Monetary Policy - The primary objective of central banks is to manage inflation. The second is to reduce
unemployment once inflation has been controlled.
Central bank reduces inflation by raising interest rates, selling securities through open market operations, and other
measures to reduce liquidity.
Instrument of Monetary Policy - There are several direct and indirect instruments that are used in the implementation
of monetary policy.
Open Market Operations (OMOs) - It refers to buying and selling of government securities by RBI in the open market.
It controls the money supply in the economy. When RBI sells govt. securities to banks, the lendable resources of the
latter are reduced and banks are forced to reduce or contain their lending, thus curbing the money supply. When money
supply is reduced, it result increase in the interest rates tends to limit spending and investment.
On the other hand, when RBI buys Govt. securities from banks, their lending resources are higher which in turn
encourage banks to lend more in the market and lending leads to increase in money supply. When money supply is
increased, it result decline in the interest rates tends to promote spending and investment.
Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) : It is the amount of funds that the banks have to keep with the RBI. Current CRR is 4%. For
ex - When a bank’s deposits increase by Rs100, and if the cash reserve ratio is 4%, the banks will have to hold additional
Rs 4 with RBI and Bank will be able to use only Rs 96 for investments and lending / credit purpose. Therefore, higher the
ratio (i.e. CRR), the lower is the amount that banks will be able to use for lending and investment.
Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) : It indicates the minimum percentage of deposits that the bank has to maintain in form
of gold, cash or other approved securities.
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Note : If SLR increases, banks need to keep more liabilities (deposits) with them and provides less loans to people. If SLR
decreases, banks need to keep fewer liabilities (deposits) with them and provides more loans to people. Changes in SLR
often influence the availability of resources in the banking system for lending to the private sector.
Repo Rate – It is the rate at which RBI lends money to commercial banks in the event of any shortfall of funds. It is the
rate of interest which RBI implements on the short term loans, i.e., from a period ranging between 2 days to 3 months
(90 Days). It is used by monetary authorities to control inflation. A reduction in the repo rate helps banks get money at
a cheaper rate and vice versa.
Reverse Repo Rate – It is the rate at which the RBI borrows money from commercial banks. Banks are always happy to
lend money to the RBI since their money is in safe hands with a good interest. An increase in reverse repo rate can
prompt banks to park more funds with the RBI to earn higher returns on idle cash. It is also a tool which can be used by
the RBI to drain excess money out of the banking system.
Marginal Standing Facility (MSF) - A facility under which scheduled commercial banks can borrow additional amount of
overnight money from the Reserve Bank by dipping into their SLR portfolio up to a limit (currently two per cent of their
net demand and time liabilities deposits) at a penal rate of interest (currently 100 basis points above the repo rate). This
provides a safety valve against unanticipated liquidity shocks to the banking system. MSF rate and reverse repo rate
determine the corridor for the daily movement in short term money market interest rates.
Bank Rate - Bank rate is the rate of interest implemented by RBI when it lends money to a public sector bank on a long
term basis, i.e. from a period ranging from 90 days to 1 year. Under this definition, Bank Rate and Repo Rate seem to
be similar terms because both are the interest rates at which RBI lends money to banks.
However, the Repo Rate is a short-term measure and refers to short-term loans used for controlling the amount of
money in the market, whereas Bank Rate is a long-term measure and is governed by the long-term monetary policies of
the RBI. Bank rate is also referred to as the discount rate and is the rate of interest which a central bank charges on the
loans and advances to a commercial bank.
What is BPS (Basis Points)?

BPS is an acronym for basic points is used to indicate changes in rate of interest and other financial instrument. 1 BASIC
POINT IS EQUAL TO 0.01%. So when we say that repo rate has been increased by 25 bps, it means that the rate has been
increased by 0.25%
RBI proposed marginal cost of funds methodology to calculate Base Rate – The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) proposed
a new methodology to calculate Base Rate (Base Rate). It is based on marginal cost of funds methodology. The new
methodology is aimed at bringing uniformity among BRs of banks so that they will be more sensitive to any changes in
policy rates of the RBI like Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR), Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR), etc.
Under the proposed methodology, the components of Base Rate will include cost of funds, negative carry on CRR/SLR,
un-allocable overhead costs and average return on net worth. It will be effective from 1 April 2016.
Base Rate
• It is defined as the minimum interest rate of a bank below which it is not viable to lend.
• It was introduced on 1 July 2010 by the RBI.
• It replaced the benchmark prime lending rate (BPLR), the interest rate which commercial banks charged their most
credit worthy customer.
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SBI & ICICI Systemically Important Banks – RBI

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) designated State Bank of India (SBI) and ICICI Bank Ltd, the country’s two largest lenders,
as Domestic Systemically Important Banks (D-SIBs). The banks have been named Domestic Systemically Important
Banks (D-SIBs), with SBI falling in bucket three while ICICI Bank is in bucket one.
Systemically Important Bank – Systemically important bank or a bank that is ‘too big to fail’ is one whose failure will
have nationwide or worldwide impacts. A bank failure is a scenario in which the bank or financial institution is unable
to pay its depositors or fulfill its financial obligations.
What is SWIFT?
SWIFT - Society for worldwide Interbank financial tele-communication.

• India was 74th Nation to join SWIFT Network.
• SWIFT Code is a standard format of bank Identifier code. This code is used particularly in International transfer of
money between banks.
• A majority of FOREX related message are sent to correspondent banks abroad through SWIFT.
• SWIFT Code consist 8 or 11 character
• When code is of 8 digit, It is referred to primary office
• 1st 2nd 3rd and 4th digit – bank code
• 5th and 6th digits – country code
• 7th and 8th digits – location code
• 9th 10th and 11th digits – branch code (optional).
What is Fiscal Policy?

It is the process of policy decision making in relation to the financial structure of the government receipts and payments.
It includes the action strategies on tax policy, revenue and expenditure, loans and borrowing, deficit financing etc.
Primarily it is the budgetary policy of the Govt. and is reflected through the annual budget formulation.
The Objective of the policy are –

• Mobilsation of resources for meeting the financial requirements for economic growth.
• Improve savings & investment rate to improve the capital formation.
• To initiate steps to remove poverty and unemployment and improve the standard of living of the people.
• To reduce regional disparities.
History of Banking in India – Banking system commenced in India with the foundation of Bank of Hindustan in Calcutta
(now Kolkata) in 1770 which ceased to operate in 1832. After that many banks came but some were not successful like
 General Bank of India (1786-1791)
 Oudh Commercial Bank (1881-1958) – the first commercial bank of India.
Whereas some are successful and continue to lead even now like –
 Allahabad Bank (est. 1865)
 Punjab National Bank (est. 1894, with HQ in Lahore (that time)
 Bank of India (est. 1906)
 Bank of Baroda (est. 1908)
 Central Bank of India (est. 1911)
While some others like Bank of Bengal (est. 1806), Bank of Bombay (est. 1840), Bank of Madras (est. 1843) merged into
a single entity in 1921 which came to be known as Imperial Bank of India.
Imperial Bank of India was later renamed in 1955 as the State Bank of India.
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In April 1935, Reserve Bank of India was formed based on the recommendation of Hilton Young Commission (setup in
1926).
The Indian banking sector is broadly classified into scheduled banks and non-scheduled banks. The scheduled banks
are those which are included under the 2nd Schedule of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934.
The scheduled banks are further classified into : nationalised banks; State Bank of India and its associates; Regional Rural
Banks (RRBs); foreign banks; and other Indian private sector banks. The term commercial banks refer to both scheduled
and non-scheduled commercial banks which are regulated under the Banking Regulation Act, 1949.
Nationalization – Nationalization is the process of taking a private industry or private assets into public ownership by a
national government or state. Need for nationalization in India:
a) The banks mostly catered to the needs of large industries, big business houses.
b) Sectors such as agriculture, small scale industries and exports were lagging behind.
c) The poor masses continued to be exploited by the moneylenders.
Following this, in the year 1949, 1st January the Reserve Bank of India was nationalized.
14 commercial banks were nationalized in 19th July, 1969.

Smt. Indira Gandhi was the Prime Minister of India, during in 1969. These were –
1. Central Bank of India 6. Canara Bank 11. Indian Bank
2. Bank of India 7. Dena Bank 12. Union Bank of India
3. Punjab National Bank 8. United Bank 13. Bank of Maharashtra
4. Bank of Baroda 9. Syndicate Bank 14. Indian Overseas Bank
5. United Commercial Bank 10. Allahabad Bank
Six more commercial banks were nationalized in April 1980. These were:
1. Andhra Bank 4. Oriental Bank of Commerce

2. Corporation Bank 5. Punjab & Sindh Bank
3. New Bank of India 6. Vijaya Bank.
Meanwhile on the recommendation of M. Narsimhan committee, RRBs (Regional Rural Banks) were formed on Oct 2,
1975. The objective behind the formation of RRBs was to serve large unserved population of rural areas and promoting
financial inclusion.
Other Banks :
Bandhan Bank Ltd. - is an Indian banking and financial services company headquartered in Kolkata, West Bengal.
Bandhan, which started as a micro-finance company in 2001, received banking license by Reserve Bank of India in 2014.
• CEO - Chandra Shekhar Ghosh
• Chairman - Ashok Lahiri
IDFC Bank Ltd. - is an Indian banking company with headquarters in Mumbai that forms part of IDFC, an integrated
infrastructure finance company. The bank started operations on 1 October 2015. IDFC received a universal banking
license from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in July 2015. On 6th November, 2015, IDFC Bank was listed on BSE and NSE.
• CEO - Dr. Rajiv B. Lall
Public Sector Banks – Public Sector Banks (PSBs) are banks where a majority stake (i.e. more than 50%) is held by a
government. The shares of these banks are listed on stock exchanges. There are a total of 27 PSBs in India [21
Nationalised banks + 6 State bank group (SBI + 5 associates)]. In 2011 IDBI bank and in 2014 Bharatiya Mahila Bank were
nationalized with a minimum capital of Rs 500 cr. For Ex – Bank of Baroda, Punjab National Bank, Bank of India, etc.
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Private Banks – The private-sector banks in India represent part of the Indian banking sector that is made up of both
private and public sector banks. The "private-sector banks" are banks where greater parts of stake or equity are held by
the private shareholders and not by government. For ex – ICICI Bank, HDFC Bank, Axis Bank, etc.
Regional Rural Banks - Regional Rural Banks are local level banking organizations operating in different States of India.
They have been created with a view to serve primarily the rural areas of India with basic banking and financial services.
However, RRB's may have branches set up for urban operations and their area of operation may include urban areas
too. The Government of India, the concerned State Government and the bank, which had sponsored the RRB
contributed to the share capital of RRBs in the proportion of 50%, 15% and 35%, respectively.
What are the Sources of Bank’s Income?

A bank is a business organisation engaged in the business of borrowing and lending money. A bank can earn income
only if it borrows at a lower rate and lends at a higher rate. The difference between the two rates will represent the
costs incurred by the bank and the profit. Bank also provides a number of services to its customers for which it charges
commission. This is also an important source of income.
The followings are the various sources of a bank’s profit:
Interest on Loans – The main function of a commercial bank is to borrow money for the purpose of lending at a higher
rate of interest. Bank grants various types of loans to the industrialists and traders. The yields from loans constitute the
major portion of the income of a bank. The banks grant loans generally for short periods. But now the banks also advance
call loans which can be called at a very short notice. Such loans are granted to share brokers and other banks. These
assets are highly liquid because they can be called at any time. Moreover, they are source of income to the bank.
Interest on Investments – Banks also invest an important portion of their resources in government and other first class
industrial securities. The interest and dividend received from time to time on these investments is a source of income
for the banks. Bank also earn some income when the market prices of these securities rise.
Discounts - Commercial banks invest a part of their funds in bills of exchange by discounting them. Banks discount both
foreign and inland bills of exchange, or in other words, they purchase the bills at discount and receive the full amount
at the date of maturity. For instance, if a bill of Rs. 1000 is discounted for Rs. 975, the bank earns a discount of Rs. 25
because bank pays Rs. 975 today, but will get Rs. 1000 on the due date. Discount, as a matter of fact, is the interest on
the amount paid for the remaining period of the bill. The rate of discount on bills of exchange is slightly lower than the
interest rate charged on loans and advances because bills are considered to be highly liquid assets.
Commission, Brokerage, etc. - Banks perform numerous services to their customers and charge commission, etc., for
such services. Banks collect cheques, rents, dividends, etc., accepts bills of exchange, issue drafts and letters of credit
and collect pensions and salaries on behalf of their customers. They pay insurance premiums, rents, taxes etc., on behalf
of their customers. For all these services banks charge their commission. They also earn locker rents for providing safety
vaults to their customers. Recently the banks have also started underwriting the shares and debentures issued by the
joint stock companies for which they receive underwriting commission.
What is NBFC?
Non-bank financial companies (NBFCs) are financial institutions that provide banking services without meeting the legal
definition of a bank, i.e. one that does not hold a banking license. These institutions typically are restricted from taking
deposits from the public depending on the jurisdiction. Nonetheless, operations of these institutions are often still
covered under a country's banking regulations.
NBFCs are doing functions similar to banks. What is difference between banks & NBFCs?
NBFCs lend and make investments and hence their activities are similar to that of banks; however there are a few
differences as given below:
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i. NBFC cannot accept demand deposits;

ii. NBFCs do not form part of the payment and settlement system and cannot issue cheques drawn on itself;
iii. Deposit insurance facility of Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation is not available to depositors of
NBFCs, unlike in case of banks.
What is KYC?
It is a process by which banks obtain information about the identity and address of the customers. This process helps to
ensure that banks’ services are not misused. The KYC procedure is to be completed by the banks while opening accounts
and also periodically update the same.
KYC guidelines were introduced in year 2002 by RBI and all banks were asked to make all accounts KYC compliant by 31
December 2005. These guidelines are issued under Section 35 A of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949.
KYC documents - These are the documents used to establish customer’s identity. Banks need two types of document
one for identity another for address.
Individual : Identity: Pan card, Passport, Aadhar card, Voter id card, Driving license, any other identity card upto bank’s
satisfaction, letter from recognised public authority establishing identity of the customer.
Address : Telephone bill, electricity bill, Aadhar card, voter id card, Driving license, any other identity card upto bank’s
satisfaction, letter from recognised public authority establishing address and identity of the customer, letter from
employer, letter from landlord along with kyc of landlord.
Note: If a person is unable to produce necessary documents mentioned, a relaxation is extended if:
1. Balance < Rs. 50000 for all a/cs taken together
2. Total credit in all a/cs for a year < Rs. 1,00,000
Such customer needs to be introduced from an existing customer at least six months old and having full KYC. Also,
transactions are to be stopped in such a/cs once Balance reaches Rs. 40,000 or total credit reaches Rs. 80,000.
What is Anti Money Laundering?

Money laundering is the process by which the origin of funds gained by illegal means is concealed, and made to appear
such that they have been derived from legitimate sources and inserting them back into economic circulation. Money
laundering also covers financial transactions where the end use of funds goes for financing terrorism irrespective of the
source of the funds.
The prevention of money laundering act, 2002 was enacted to prevent money laundering and deal with those who are
guilty of money laundering. The PMLA seeks to combat money laundering in India and has three main objectives:
(i) To prevent and control money laundering
(ii) To confiscate and seize the property obtained from the laundered money; and (iii) To deal with any other issue
connected with money laundering in India.
Case of AML – DMK’s Kanimozhi, A Raja and Dayalu Ammal were charged under anti-money-laundering act for their
involvement in 2G scam.
What is Financial Inclusion?

Financial inclusion is a concept of making available banking/financial services to a vast section of low income groups and
weaker sections at an affordable price. The objective of financial inclusion is to provide the service of basic banking
products to the unserved masses of the country, aiming towards inclusive economic growth.
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The need for financial inclusion raised when even after years of Independence 40% population lacked access to basic
banking products. And apart from poverty, illiteracy and lack of regular income the major barriers are lack of reach, high
cost of transactions and time.
Regulatory steps taken by Reserve Bank of India in this regard -
• BSBDA (Basic Savings Bank Deposit Account)

– No requirement for any minimum balance.
– No limit on the number of deposits while restriction on withdrawal to 4.
• Relaxation in KYC guidelines
• Use of extensive technology in banking
• Appointing business correspondents and business facilitators
• Opening of branches in unbanked rural areas
• Licensing of differentiated banks like Payment Bank and Small Bank
Schemes launched by Government of India to promote financial inclusion are -

• PMJDY (Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana) – The main features of this scheme are
(i) The slogan of the scheme is “Mera Khata – Bhagya Vidhaata”
(ii) The scheme provided Rs 5,000 overdraft facility for Aadhar – linked accounts and RuPay Debit Card for all account
holders
(iii) An accident insurance cover of up to Rs. 1 Lakh is also provided.
• Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana – The main features of this scheme are
(i) For personal accident insurance
(ii) Age group: 18-70 years
(iii) Sum assured: Rs 2 lakh, while premium: Rs 12 per annum
• Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana – The main features of this scheme are
(i) For life insurance
(iii) Sum assured: Rs 2 lakh, while premium: Rs 330 per annum
• Atal Pension Yojana – The main features of this scheme are
(i) For pension purpose
(iii) Fixed pension: Rs 1000-5000 per month at age of 60 years.
Banking products that play a crucial role in the expansion of Financial Inclusion -
a. Savings-cum-overdraft account
b. Remittance products
c. Savings product
d. Kisan credit card (KCC) or General credit card (GCC)
Fund Allocation - Reserve Bank of India recently created a new Financial Inclusion Fund (FIF) with funding of Rs 2000
Crore for expanding the reach of banking services. The new Financial Inclusion Fund is created by merging Financial
Inclusion Fund and Financial Inclusion Technology Fund into a single Fund — Financial Inclusion Fund (FIF). The new FIF
will be maintained by NABARD.
In addition to this, Reserve Bank of India constituted a 14 – member committee under the chairmanship of RBI
executive director Deepak Mohanty. It will work out a five-year action plan to spread the reach of financial services to
unbanked population.
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Benefits of Financial Inclusion -

 It offers potential for increasing banking business by bringing more and more customers to bank It seeks to improve
the standard of living of vast majority of poor persons.
 It enhances the number of Bankable customers.
 It boosts the growth of Banking Business.
 It can bridge the Urban-Rural divide.
What is a DeMat Account?

DeMat account is nothing but a dematerialized account. If one has to save money or make cheque payments, then
he/she needs to open a bank account. Similarly, one needs to open a DeMat account if he/she wants to buy or sell
stocks. Thus, DeMat account is similar to a bank account wherein the actual money is being replaced by shares. In order
to open a DeMat account, one needs to approach the Depository Participants [DPs].
In India, a DeMat account is a type of banking account that dematerializes paper-based physical stock shares. The DeMat
account is used to avoid holding of physical shares: the shares are bought as well as sold through a stock broker. In this
case, the advantage is that one does not need any physical evidence for possessing these shares. All the things are taken
care of by the DPs.
This account is very popular in India. Physically only 500 shares can be traded as per the provision given by SEBI. From
April 2006, it has become mandatory for any person holding a DeMat account to possess a Permanent Account Number
(PAN).
What is Derivative?
A derivative is a financial contract that derives its value from another financial product/commodity (say spot rate) called
underlying (that may be a stock, stock index, a foreign currency, a commodity). Forward contract in foreign exchange
transaction, is a simple form of a derivative.
What is a foreign exchange reserve?

Foreign exchange reserves (also called Forex reserves) in a strict sense are only the foreign currency deposits and bonds
held by central banks and monetary authorities. However, the term in popular usage commonly includes foreign
exchange and gold, SDRs and IMF reserve positions.
What is Bancassurance ?
Bancassurance means distribution of financial products particularly the insurance policies (both the life and non-life),
also called referral business, by banks as corporate agents, and through their branches located in different parts of the
country.
What is FII?
FII (Foreign Institutional Investor) used to denote an investor, mostly in the form of an institution.
An institution established outside India, which proposes to invest in Indian market, in other words buying Indian stocks.
• FII's generally buy in large volumes which has an impact on the stock markets.
• Foreign Institutional Investors includes pension funds, mutual funds, Insurance Companies, Banks, etc.
What is FDI?
FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) occurs with the purchase of the “physical assets or a significant amount of ownership
(stock) of a company in another country in order to gain a measure of management control” (Or) A foreign company
having a stake in a Indian Company.
What is SIDBI?
The Small Industries Development Bank of India is a state-run bank aimed to aid the growth and development of micro,
small and medium scale industries in India.
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• It was set up in 1990 through an act of parliament; it was incorporated initially as a wholly owned subsidiary of
Industrial Development Bank of India. Headquarter – Lucknow.
What is NABARD?
NABARD was established on the recommendations of Shivaraman Committee on 12 July 1982 to implement the National
Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development Act 1981. Its headquarter located in Mumbai. Present Chairman is Dr. Harsh
Kumar Bhanwala.
• It replaced the Agricultural Credit Department (ACD) and Rural Planning and Credit Cell (RPCC) of Reserve Bank of
India, and Agricultural Refinance and Development Corporation (ARDC).
• It is one of the premiere agencies to provide credit in rural areas. NABARD is set up as an apex Development Bank
with a mandate for facilitating credit flow for promotion and development of agriculture, small-scale industries,
cottage and village industries, handicrafts and other rural crafts.
What is SEBI?
 SEBI is the regulator for the Securities Market in India. Head office located in Mumbai.
 Originally set up by the Government of India in 1988, it acquired statutory form in 1992 with SEBI Act 1992 being
passed by the Indian Parliament. U.K Sinha is the present Chairman of SEBI.
Note: The Forward Markets Commission (FMC) is the chief regulator of commodity futures markets in India was merged
with the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) on 28 September 2015.
What is SENSEX and NIFTY?

SENSEX is the short term for the words "Sensitive Index" and is associated with the Bombay (Mumbai) Stock Exchange
(BSE). The SENSEX was first formed on 1-1-1986 and used the market capitalization of the 30 most traded stocks of BSE.
NSE - Whereas NSE has 50 most traded stocks of NSE.

Note :
• SENSEX IS THE INDEX OF BSE and NIFTY IS THE INDEX OF NSE.
• Both will show daily TRADING MARKS. Sensex and Nifty both are an "index”.
• An index is basically an indicator it indicates whether most of the stocks have gone up or most of the stocks have
gone down.
What is CRM?
Customer Relationship Management (CRM) refers to the ability to understand, anticipate and manage the needs of the
customer, interaction and relationship resulting in increased profitability through revenue and margin growth and
operational efficiencies.
What is Right to information Act?

The Right to Information act is a law enacted by the Parliament of India giving citizens of India access to records of the
Central Government and State governments. The Act applies to all States and Union Territories of India, except the State
of Jammu and Kashmir - which is covered under a State-level law. This law was passed by Parliament on 15 June 2005
and came fully into force on 13 October 2005.
What is Recession?
A true economic recession can only be confirmed if GDP (Gross Domestic Product) growth is negative for a period of
two or more consecutive quarters.
What is Sub-prime crisis?

The Subprime crisis is due to sub-prime lending. These are the loans given to the people having low credit rating.
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What is IPO?
IPO is Initial Public Offering. This is the f irst offering of shares to the general public from a company wishes to list on
the stock exchange.
What is Revenue deficit?

It defines that, where the net amount received (by taxes & other forms) fails to meet the predicted net amount to be
received by the government.
What is National Income?

National Income is the money value of all goods and services produced in a Country during the year.
What is Disinvestment?
The Selling of the government stake in public sector undertakings.
What is Fiscal Deficit?

It is the difference between the government’s total receipts (excluding borrowings) and total expenditure.
What are Mutual funds?

Mutual funds are investment companies that pool money from investors at large and offer to sell and buy back its shares
on a continuous basis and use the capital thus raised to invest in securities of different companies.
The mutual fund will have a fund manager that trades the pooled money on a regular basis. The net proceeds or losses
are then typically distributed to the investors annually.
• A company that invests its clients' pooled fund into securities that match its declared financial objectives. Asset
management companies provide investors with more diversification and investing options than they would have by
themselves. Mutual funds, hedge funds and pension plans are all run by asset management companies.
• These companies earn income by charging service fees to their clients.
What is NPA?
An asset (loan), including a leased asset, becomes non performing when it stops generating income for the bank.
Note: Once the borrower has failed to make interest or principle payments for 90 days the loan is considered to be a
nonperforming asset. It had been decided to adopt the '90 days' overdue' norm for identification of NPA, from the year
ending March 31, 2004.
The conditions under which an asset becomes an NPA are as follows:

1. If interest or installment or both of principal remain overdue for a period of more than 90 days in respect of a term
loan.
2. If Overdraft/ Cash Credit for an account remains ‘out of order’.
3. If bill remains overdue for a period of more than 90 days in the case of bills purchased and discounted.
4. If installment of principal or interest remains overdue for two crop seasons for short duration crops / one crop season
for long duration crops.
ASSET CLASSIFICATION - RBI has classified nonperforming assets into the following three categories based on the period
for which the asset has remained nonperforming and the realisability of the dues:
• Substandard Assets : With effect from March 31, 2005, a substandard asset is one, which has remained NPA for a
period less than or equal to 12 months.
• Doubtful Assets : With effect from March 31, 2005, an asset is classified as doubtful if it has remained in the
substandard category for a period of 12 months.
• Loss Assets : A loss asset is one where loss has been identified by the bank or internal or external auditors or the
RBI inspection but the amount has not been written off wholly. In other words, such an asset is considered
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uncollectible and of such little value that its continuance as a bankable asset is not warranted although there may
be some rescue or recovery value.
Reasons for NPA -

 Macroeconomic situations: When a country is not growing on expected lines i.e. GDP is not growing, no demand for
goods, then industry suffers and not able to payback.
 Increased Interest Rate: The loan is taken at a time when interest rates were much higher than the present interest
rate.
 When some sectors of the economy are doing bad like Infrastructure, Power due to Land acquisition and forest
related issues and environment clearances.
 Willful defaulting: When one is able to pay but is not paying like Vijay Mallya.
Now what does the Bank / FIs do?

Firstly the Bank /FIs inspect whether there are genuine reasons or not for non-repayment of loans. Here genuine reasons
include factors that are beyond one’s control and certain internal, external reasons. In this case, for the revival of the
corporates as well as for the safety of the money lent by the banks and FIs, timely support through restructuring is done.
This system of restructuring of loans is called as Corporate Debt Restructuring.
What if the case is not genuine?
In this case Bank / FIs may
• refer the case to Debt Recovery Tribunal (DRT).
• refer to Asset Reconstruction Companies (ARC) as per SARFAESI Act, 2002.
• file winding up petition in the court of law.
• file criminal case against the willful defaulter.
Let’s first take the genuine case :

Corporate Debt Restructuring:
• It has been implemented by RBI from August 2001.
• It covers only multiple banking accounts or syndicated / consortium loan accounts of corporate borrowers where
outstanding exposure is Rs 10 crore or more.
• The accounts are eligible for consideration under the CDR system provided at least 75% of the creditors (by value of
loan) and 60% of creditors (by number of loan) agree to the proposal.
Note: The scheme will not apply to accounts involving only one financial institution or one bank.
In case if the reason of non-repayment is not genuine then Bank / FIs can have following options :
Debt Recovery Tribunal (DRT):
• These are established in various cities under “Recovery of Debts due to Banks and Financial Institutions (RDDBF) Act,
1993”.
• Banks / FIs can file an application with DRT or recover dues from persons / companies.
• As per the act the issue is to be settled in 6 months.
• In this case the success rate is around 20-30%.
Asset Reconstruction Companies (ARC):
• This is formed under the “Securitization and Reconstruction of financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest
(SARFAESI) Act, 2002”.
• It empowers the Banks & FIs to recover NPAs without the intervention of the court.
• It was brought to overcome the inefficiency of DRTs.
• Under this, Banks / FIs have the power to sell their Bad loans.
• The loans which are of Rs 1 lakh and more fall in this category.
• RBI has the power to issue licence to ARCs. Asset Reconstruction Company (india) Ltd is the first ARC established in
India.
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Filing of Criminal Cases - Criminal cases can be filed against the borrower if the banks feel the non-repayment of the
debt is due to ‘wilful default’. Example is Vijay Mallya defaulting onSBI, UCO, United Bank of India.
Winding up petitions - Under the Companies Act, if a borrower fails to pay back the loan, a petition can be filed. For this
a Official liquidator is appointed. It is a long procedure and may not give satisfactory results to banks.
Apart from the steps described above Banks can take other prudential steps, which are:
1. Corrective Action Plan: As per RBI Before the loan becomes an NPA, classify them as
• SMA-0 (Special Mention Account) = upto 30 days.
• SMA-1 = 31 to 60 days.
• SMA-2 =61 to 90 days.
In order to take corrective actions.
2. Joint lenders’ forum: RBI has mandated to constitute a Joint Lenders’ Forum at SMA-2 stage, if the loan exposure is
more than Rs 100 Crore or more.
3. Strategic Debt Restructuring: RBI has announced to convert debt into equity i.e. Bank will assume the role of
management (ownership).
What are BASEL III Norms?

The Basel committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) was formed in 1974 by a group of central bank governors of G-10
countries. Later on the committee was expanded to include members from nearly 30 countries. BCBS in 1988 released
Basel-I accords and subsequently to overcome the loopholes in it Basel –II was released in 2004.
BCBS released a comprehensive reform package in Dec 2010, which is called as Basel –III, a global regulatory framework
for more resilient banks and banking systems. These recommendations cover almost all the nations. And it amend the
Basel -2 guidelines, also introduces some new concepts and recommendations.
Need For BASEL-3 Worldwide: Banks mainly deals with three kind of risks. These are
1. Credit risk
2. Market risk
3. Operational risk
What is Credit risk?

It is basically the risk of loss, arising when a borrower is not capable of paying back the loan as promised. Such borrowers
are also known as Sub-prime borrowers.
Now let’s go back to the year 2008, when all of us observed /witnessed the Global financial crisis, which originated in
US because of these Subprime borrowers and this crisis thereafter spilled over in the other markets as well. It created
financial crisis throughout the world. Thus a need was felt for more stringent banking regulation worldwide.
Now In India what is the need to adopt such norms when we saw our banking system standing firm even during the
crisis.
Need for Basel –III in INDIA

• Firstly, the most important reason is that as India connects with the rest of the world, and as increasingly Indian
banks go abroad and foreign banks come on to our shores, we cannot afford to have a regulatory deviation from
global standards. Any deviation will hurt us.
• Secondly, if we ought to maintain a low standard regulatory regime this will put Indian banks at a disadvantage in
global competition.
Therefore, It is becomes important that Indian banks have the cushion provided by this risk management system to
withstand shocks from external systems, especially as we deepen our links with the global financial system.
In India, Basel III regulations has been implemented from April 1, 2013 in phases and it will be fully implemented as
on March 31, 2019.
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The pillars of BASEL norms:

• Capital adequacy requirements
• Supervisory review
• Market discipline
Recommendations of Basel –III
• Firstly, Basel -3 recommended that the Capital Adequacy ratio(CAR) be increased to 8% internationally, while in
INDIA it is 9%.
• Capital Adequacy ratio (CAR), also known as Capital to Risk (weighted) Assets Ratio (CRAR), is a ratio of a bank’s
capital to its risk.
• Capital is the money a bank receives in exchange for issuing shares. This capital is further classified into two – Tier 1
and Tier 2 capital.
CAR = (Tier 1 capital + Tier 2 capital)/ Risk weighted Assets
Tier 1 Tier 2
It consists of common shares Debts (bond)
Preferential Shares Optionally fully convertible debentures
These are highly liquid instruments i.e. Less liquid
can be sold easily to gather cash
Out of the 9% (of RWA) capital adequacy requirement, 7 % (of RWA) has to be met by Tier 1 capital while the remaining
2%(of RWA) by Tier 2 capital.
Risk weighted assets – Every bank assigns its assets some weight-age based on the risk involved. Thus apply a weight
percentage to each of its assets.
For example – Lets say a bank lends Rs 100 to a person for home loan and Rs 100 to a person to start a new company.
Bank’s total asset = Rs 100 + Rs 100 = Rs 200
Let’s imagine home loan has high probability of being repaid than the loan to person to start a company.
i.e. Risk Weight of Home Loan = 50% and Risk Weight of loan for company = 90%
Risk Weighted Assets of Bank = 50% of 100 + 90% of 100 = 50 + 90 = Rs 140.So out of total assets worth Rs 200, Rs 140
are risk weighted assets.
Bank need 9% of RWA as Capital. Bank need 9% of 140 = Rs 12.6 as Capital.
Means, out of Rs 200 that a bank lends, Rs 12.6 must be funded with Capital. Rest, Rs 187.4 can be from the money that
bank borrowed.
Secondly it also introduces the concept of leverage ratio, it measures the ratio of banks total assets to bank’s capital.
Under the new set of guidelines, RBI has set the leverage ratio at 4.5% (3% under Basel III).
Leverage Ratio = Capital/Total Asset
Concept of leverage –
for e.g. - If you have Rs 100 and you invest them and earns a profit of 10% i.e. you have profit of Rs 10 on Rs 100.This is
called non leverage profit.
Now again you have Rs 100 and you borrow Rs 400 and invest Rs 500, earns a profit of 10% i.e. you earn Rs 50 on your
Rs 100. This is called leverage profit.
With Higher leverage, Bank’s Profit/Loss = Higher = Higher Risk also!
So now leverage ratio of 4.5% means for every Rs bank funds itself with, it can lend up to 22.22 Rs.
Challenges for Its Implementation in India

1. Capital – Since nearly 2.4 lakh crore rupees are required for its implementation in India.
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2. Liquidity - During the global crisis 2008, the apparently strong banks of the world ran into difficulties when the
interbank wholesale funding market witnessed a seizure. Thus in Indian context, it would mean an additional burden
of maintaining liquidity along with the SLR requirement.
3. Technology - BCBS is in the process of making significant changes in standard approach for computing RWAs for all
three risk areas. Banks may need to upgrade their systems and processes to be able to compute capital requirements
based on revised standard approach.
4. Skill development - Implementation of the new capital accord requires higher specialized skills in banks.
5. Governance - One can have the capital, the liquid assets and the infrastructure. But corporate governance will be
the deciding factor in the ability of a bank to meet the challenges. Strong capital gives financial strength, it cannot
assure good performance unless backed by good corporate governance.
Steps Taken by Government -

• GOI has allowed banks to access markets to raise capital while maintaining a minimum 52% shareholding.
• Govt. also launched a scheme called INDRADHANUSH to revamp PSBs. This scheme seeks to improve the efficiency
and functioning of banks thereby reducing the bad assets. And also plans to infuse Rs 70,000 crore in the banking
system over next 5 years.
• In this regard government also announced two banks as DSIBs i.e. SBI and ICICI, based on the criteria of size,
interconnectedness, complexity and substitutability.
Negotiable Instrument Act, 1881 – Negotiable instruments are written orders or unconditional promises to pay a fixed
sum of money on demand or at a certain time. Negotiable instruments may be transferred from one person to another,
who is known as a holder in due course. Upon transfer, also called negotiation of the instrument, the holder obtains full
legal title to the instrument. Negotiable instruments may be transferred by delivery or by endorsement and delivery.
For e.g. promissory notes, bills of exchange, cheques, drafts, certificates of deposit are all examples of negotiable
instruments.
• Cheque - Cheque is an instrument in writing containing an unconditional order, addressed to a banker, sign by the
person who has deposited money with the banker, requiring him to pay on demand a certain sum of money only to
or to the order of certain person or to the bearer of instrument."
• Bearer Cheque - The bearer cheque is payable to the person specified therein or to any other else who presents it
to the bank for payment. However, such cheques are risky, this is because if such cheques are lost, the finder of the
cheque can collect payment from the bank.
• Order Cheque - It is the one which is payable to a particular person. In such a cheque the word ‘bearer’ may be cut
out or cancelled and the word ‘order’ may be written. The payee can transfer an order cheque to someone else by
signing his or her name on the back of it.
• Crossed cheque - When a cheque is crossed, the holder cannot encash it at the counter of the bank. The payment
of such cheque is only credited to the bank account of the payee. Crossed cheque is done by drawing two parallel
lines across top left corner of the cheque, with or without writing ‘Account payee’ in the space between the lines.
• A self cheque - It is written by the account holder as pay self to receive money in physical form from the branch
where he holds his account. This can be alternated by using an ATM card.
Post-dated cheque (PDC) - A PDC is a form of a crossed or account payee bearer cheque but post-dated to meet the
said financial payment at a future date. The cheque is valid from the date of issue to three months.
• A Banker’s cheque - A banker’s cheque is issued by a bank drawing money from its own funds rather than that from
an account holder’s. Banker’s cheque is issued after the bank verifies the account status of the requestor and the
amount is immediately deducted from the customer’s account. A banker’s cheque cannot be dishonored as in the
case of a normal cheque, when an account holder has insufficient funds in his/her account. Though different from a
normal cheque it requires clearing too.
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• Stale Cheque - If a cheque is presented for payment after three months from the date of the cheque it is called stale
cheque. A stale cheque is not honoured by the bank.
Demand Drafts
A DD is a negotiable instrument similar to a bill of exchange. It is used for effecting transfer of money. A bank issues a
DD to a client (Drawer), directing another bank (Drawee) or one its own branches to pay a certain sum to the specified
party (Payee) directly without involving the drawing bank after presenting.
Some of the differences between a cheque and a DD are:

 A cheque is issued by an individual, whereas a DD is issued by a bank.
 The amount mentioned on the DD is collected by the bank from the drawer prior to drawing the DD, whereas the
amount mentioned on the cheque is debited only when the cheque is presented for payment.
 The payment of cheque can be stopped by the drawer of the cheque, whereas the payment of a DD cannot be
stopped.
 A cheque can bounce or be dishonoured, but a DD cannot be bounced and dishonored because it is already paid.
A DD will bounce only when the drawee bank does not have enough funds to honour the cheque.
 A cheque can be made payable either to a bearer or to order. But a DD is always payable to order of certain person
or organization, it cannot be a bearer draft
What is RTGS System?

RTGS' stands for Real Time Gross Settlement, which can be defined as the continuous (real-time) settlement of funds
transfers individually on an order by order basis (without netting). 'Real Time' means the processing of instructions at
the time they are received rather than at some later time; 'Gross Settlement' means the settlement of funds transfer
instructions occurs individually (on an instruction by instruction basis). Considering that the funds settlement takes place
in the books of the Reserve Bank of India, the payments are final and irrevocable.
What is NEFT?
National Electronic Funds Transfer (NEFT) is a nation-wide payment system facilitating one-to-one funds transfer. Under
this Scheme, individuals can electronically transfer funds from any bank branch to any individual having an account with
any other bank branch in the country participating in the Scheme.
RTGS Vs NEFT :
Thus, we can say that both RTGS and NEFT are schemes started by RBI for the benefit of the customers which allow
accounts holders in the banks to electronically transfer the funds intra-bank. In the case of RTGS, settlement in on 'Real
Time' basis whereas in case of NEFT the settlement in on batch basis and net basis. There are some other rules,
regulations and differences, which we will be discussing below :
What are the minimum and maximum amount of remittance under RTGS and NEFT :
RTGS
Minimum Amount : Rs 2 lakhs Maximum Amount : No upper ceiling
NEFT
Minimum Amount : No minimum limit Maximum Amount : No upper ceiling
Cheque Truncation System –

Cheque Truncation System (CTS) or Image-based Clearing System (ICS), in India, is a project undertaken by the Reserve
Bank of India (RBI) in 2008, for faster clearing of cheques.
Cheque Truncation System (CTS) is a cheque clearing system undertaken by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) for faster
clearing of cheques. Truncation is the process of stopping the physical movement of cheques which is replaced by
electronic images and associated MICR line of the cheque.
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Advantage of CTS –
• Since there is no physical movement of cheques, there is no fear of loss of cheque in transit.
• Usage of CTS cheques also means quicker clearance, shorter clearing cycle and speedier credit of the amount to your
account.
• Depending on whether the cheque is local or outstation, the cheque can get cleared on the same day or within 24
hours.
• The biggest advantage is that CTS-compliant cheques are more secure than old cheques and, hence, less prone to
frauds. Also, as the system matures, it is proposed to integrate multiple locations and reduce geographical
restrictions in cheque clearing.
Small Banks
The purpose of the small banks will be to provide a whole suite of basic banking products such as deposits and supply
of credit, but in a limited area of operation. The aim of small banks is to increase financial inclusion in the country. The
small bank shall be registered as a public limited company under the Companies Act, 2013.
Committee on Small Banks - The applications will be analyzed and evaluated by an External Advisory Committee (EAC).
The EAC for small banks will be chaired by Usha Thorat, former deputy governor, RBI.
RBI granted 'in-principle' approval to the 10 applicants to set up Small Finance Banks. The central bank had received 72
applications for setting up small finance bank licences.
The “in-principle” approval granted will be valid for 18 months to enable the applicants to comply with the requirements
under the Guidelines and fulfil other conditions as may be stipulated by the RBI.
Key points -
 Capital requirement - The minimum paid-up capital requirement for small banks is Rs. 100 crore.
 As per the guidelines, the promoters' initial minimum contribution will be at least 40 % of the minimum capital, to
be locked in for a period of 5 years.
 Small banks will offer both deposits as well as loan products.
 They cannot set up subsidiaries to undertake non-banking financial services activities.
 The maximum loan size and investment limit exposure to single/group borrowers/issuers would be restricted to 15
per cent of total capital funds.
 Loans and advances of up to Rs 25 lakhs, primarily to micro enterprises, should constitute at least 50 per cent of the
loan portfolio.
 For the first three years, 25 per cent of branches should be in unbanked rural areas.
 The foreign shareholding in the bank would be as per the extant FDI policy.
 For the initial three years, prior approval will be required for branch expansion.
Payment Banks
The main objective of payment banks is to increase financial inclusion in the country via a primary focus on domestic
payments services by providing small savings accounts. Payments banks will be used only for transaction and deposits
purposes. Unlike small banks, payments banks cannot lend money.
RBI granted 'in-principle' approval to 11 Payment Banks applicants- Reserve Bank of India (RBI) on 19 August 2015
granted in-principle approval to 11 payment banks applicants under the Guidelines for Licensing of Payments Banks.
Committee on Payment Banks - These applications are analyzed and evaluated by an External Advisory Committee
(EAC). The EAC Committee for Payment Banks is chaired by Dr. Nachiket Mor, Director, Central Board of the Reserve
Bank of India.
Key Points:
 Capital requirement - The minimum paid-up capital requirement for payments banks is Rs. 100 crore.
 The Reserve Bank grants a license for commencement of banking business under Section 22(1) of the Banking
Regulation Act, 1949.
 RBI's “in-principle” nod will be valid for a period of 18 months, during which time the applicants have to comply with
the requirements under the Guidelines and fulfill the other conditions as may be stipulated by the Reserve bank.
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 As per the guidelines, the promoters' initial minimum contribution will be at least 40 % of the minimum capital, to
be locked in for a period of 5 years.
 The payments bank will need to invest 75 percent of its funds in government securities.
 Payments banks can open small savings accounts and accept deposits of up to Rs.1 lakh per individual customer and
provide remittance services. Hence, the balance at the close of business on any day should not exceed Rs.1 lakh per
customer.
 Payments banks can issue debit cards but they are not eligible to provide credit card facilities.
 Payments Banks are allowed to set up their own ATMs (automated teller machines).
 Payments banks will have to invest in government securities with a maturity of up to 1 year.
What is Retail Banking?

Retail banking is also known as Consumer Banking is the delivery of services by a bank to individual consumers, rather
than to companies, corporations or other banks. Services offered include savings and transaction accounts, mortgages,
personal loans, debit cards, and credit cards.
In retail banking all the needs of individual customers are taken care of in a well – integrated manner. Retail banking
sector is characterized by three basic characteristics
• Multiple Products (deposits, credit cards, insurance, investment etc)
• Multiple Delivery Channels (call centre, branch, Internet and Kisosk)
• Multiple Customer groups (consumer, small business, and corporate).
Objectives of Retail Banking -
The objective of retail banking is to increase penetration by providing increasing level of services and increased access,
by offering value added services to customers by packing with them with retail banking products and services.
What is Inflation?
Inflation is as an increase in the price of bunch of Goods and services that projects the Indian economy. An increase in
inflation figures occurs when there is an increase in the average level of prices in Goods and services.
Inflation happens when there are fewer Goods and more buyers; this will result in increase in the price of Goods, since
there is more demand and less supply of the goods.
What is Deflation?
Deflation is the continuous decrease in prices of goods and services. Deflation occurs when the inflation rate becomes
negative (below zero) and stays there for a longer period.
GDP
The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is an estimated value of the total worth of a country’s production and services, within
its boundary, by its nationals and foreigners, calculated over the course of one year. Hence, GDP = Consumption +
Investment + Government Spending + Exports – Imports.
GNP
The Gross National Product (GNP) is an estimated value of the total worth of production and services, by citizens of a
country, on its land or on foreign land, calculated over the course of one year. Hence, GNP = GDP + NR (Net income
inflow from assets abroad or Net income Receipts) - NP (Net Payment outflow to foreign assets)
Treasury Bills (T bills)

Treasury Bills are instruments of short term borrowing by the Central/State govt. They are promissory notes issued at
discount and for a fixed period. At present, the Government of India issues three types of treasury bills through auctions,
namely, 91-day, 182-day and 364-day. There are no treasury bills issued by State Governments.
Amount - Treasury bills are available for a minimum amount of Rs. 25,000 and in multiples of Rs. 25,000. Treasury bills
are issued at a discount and are redeemed at par.
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What is BSBDA?
Under the guidelines issued on August 10, 2012 by RBI: “Any individual, including poor or those from weaker section of
the society, can open zero balance account in any bank.
• BSBDA 'Basic Savings Bank Deposit Account' guidelines are applicable to "all scheduled commercial banks in India,
including foreign banks having branches in India".
• All the accounts opened earlier as 'no-frills' account should be renamed as BSBDA. Banks are required to convert the
existing 'no-frills' accounts’ into 'Basic Savings Bank Deposit Accounts'.
• The BSBDA should be considered as a normal banking service available to all customers, through branches.
• The aim of introducing 'Basic Savings Bank Deposit Account' is very much part of the efforts of RBI for furthering
Financial Inclusion objectives.
Certificate of Deposits
Certificate of Deposit (CD) is a negotiable money market instrument and issued in dematerialised form or as a Usance
Promissory Note against funds deposited at a bank or other eligible financial institution for a specified time period.
Minimum Size of Issue and Denominations - Minimum amount of a CD should be Rs.1 lakh, i.e., the minimum deposit
that could be accepted from a single subscriber should not be less than Rs.1 lakh, and in multiples of Rs. 1 lakh thereafter.
Maturity - The maturity period of CDs issued by banks should not be less than, from the date of issue.
Commercial Paper
Commercial Paper (CP) is an unsecured money market 7 days and not more than one year instrument issued in the form
of a promissory note. It was introduced in India in 1990. Corporates, primary dealers (PDs) and the All-India Financial
Institutions (FIs) are eligible to issue CP.
Minimum & maximum period of maturity prescribed for CP - CP can be issued for maturities between a minimum of 7
days and a maximum of up to one year from the date of issue. However, the maturity date of the CP should not go
beyond the date up to which the credit rating of the issuer is valid.
Denominations - CP can be issued in denominations of Rs.5 lakh or multiples thereof.
Who can invest in CP?

Individuals, banking companies, other corporate bodies (registered or incorporated in India) and unincorporated bodies,
Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) and Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs) etc. can invest in CPs. However, investment by FIIs
would be within the limits set for them by Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) from time-to-time.
Banking Ombudsman Scheme

It is a scheme which allows bank customers resolve complaints relating to services rendered by banks. It was introduced
under Section 35A of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 by RBI with effect from 1995. Banking Ombudsman is a senior
official appointed by RBI to redress customer complaints against deficiency in certain banking services. All Scheduled
Commercial Banks, RRBs & Scheduled Primary Co- Op Banks are covered under the Scheme.
Some aspects related to the Scheme:

• No fee is required for filing and resolving customers’ complaints.
• The amount, if any, to be paid by the bank to the complainant by way of compensation for any loss suffered by the
complainant, is limited to the amount arising directly out of the act or omission of the bank or Rs 10 lakhs, whichever
is lower.
• The Banking Ombudsman may award compensation not exceeding Rs 1 lakh to the complainant only in the case of
complaints relating to credit card operations for mental agony and harassment.
• If a complaint is not settled by an agreement within a period of one month, the Banking Ombudsman proceeds
further to pass an award.
• If one is not satisfied with the decision passed by the Banking Ombudsman, one can approach the appellate authority
against the Banking Ombudsman’s decision. The Appellate Authority is vested with a Deputy Governor of the RBI.
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• If one is aggrieved by the decision, one may, within 30 days of the date of receipt of the award, appeal against the
award before the appellate authority.
3 gold schemes launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi

Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched three gold related schemes-
(i) Gold Monetisation Scheme (GMS),
(ii) Gold Sovereign Bond Scheme and the
(iii) Gold Coin and Bullion Scheme
India has surpassed China as the world's largest gold consumer, buying 562 tonnes of yellow metal so far this year,
against China's 548 tonnes
Scheme highlights -
• Gold Monetisation Scheme (GMS), 2015 - The GMS will replace the existing Gold Deposit Scheme, 1999. However,
the deposits outstanding under the Gold Deposit Scheme will be allowed to run till maturity unless the depositors
prematurely withdraw them.
Few things to know about the scheme –
Who can make deposit under the scheme –
• Resident Indians (individuals, HUF, trusts, including mutual funds/exchange traded funds registered under Sebi
norms) can make deposits under the scheme.
• Minimum Limit - The minimum deposit at any one time will be raw gold (bars, coins, jewellery excluding stones and
other metals) equivalent to 30 grams of the precious metal of 995 fineness.
• Maximum limit - There is no maximum limit for deposit under the scheme and the metal will be accepted at the
Collection and Purity Testing Centres (CPTC) certified by the Bureau of Indian Standards.
• Interest Rate - Gold Monetisation Scheme can earn up to 2.50 per cent interest rate on their idle gold.
Note: Interest rate on Medium and Long Term Government Deposit (MLTGD) are 2.25 per cent and 2.20 per cent,
respectively.
Tenor
The tenor of medium term would be between 5-7 years while long term would for 12-15 years tenure.
• Sovereign Gold Bond Scheme – Few things to know about the scheme
• Instead of buying gold in physical form investors can park their money in bonds which are backed by gold. The bonds
will be available both in demat and paper form.
• Sovereign Gold Bond has more or equal advantage against the physical gold. The bond will be issued by RBI on behalf
of the Government of India.
• Maximum Limit - The bond would be restricted for sale to resident Indian entities and the maximum allowable limit
is 500 grams per person per year.
• Rate per gram - The RBI has fixed the public issue price of sovereign gold bonds at Rs 2,684 per gram.
• Denominations - These bonds will be issued in denominations of 5, 10, 50 and 100 grams of gold or other
denominations.
• Know-your-customer (KYC) norms will be the same as that for purchase of physical gold. KYC documents such as
Voter ID, Aadhaar Card/PAN or TAN /Passport will be required.
• Gold coins and Bullion Scheme - The coins will be available in denominations of 5 and 10 grams. A 20 gram bar or
bullion will also be available. About 15,000 coins of 5 gm, 20,000 coins of 10 gm and 3,750 gold bullions will be made
available through MMTC outlets.
Different Types of Bank Accounts

Normally there are 4 types of deposits account in Bank which are –
(1) Saving Account
(2) Current Account
(3) Recurring Account
22
(4) Fixed Deposit Account

Saving Bank Account - Savings account are basically for individuals and small businesses. You may Rs.1000 today, you
may deposit Rs.1000 today. Tomorrow you may require Rs.5000, you may withdraw Rs.5000 tomorrow. Similarly a
grocery shop owner may deposit Rs.10000 today & in need he may withdraw Rs.5000 tomorrow. This is not for large
businesses. These accounts can be opened individually or jointly or by Hindu undivided family, there is a system invoked
that is known as Hindu undivided family (the head of the family will operate the account).
• Another important point is, this is normally intended for person above 18 years of age but person b/w 10 to 18 years
can also open individually without guardian but with some restrictions. Minor accounts i.e below 10 years accounts
has to be opened with guardian only.
Salient Features of Saving Bank Account –

• Saving Bank account is basically for individuals and small businesses.
• The objective of saving bank account is to promote savings.
• The rate of interest payable is very nominal on saving accounts.
• Minimum Balance – (varies from bank to bank) – Normally Rs. 500 (without cheque book facility)
• Normally Rs. 1000 (with cheque book facility)
• Some banks like – HDFC, ICICI Bank - allow premium savings a/c deposits with minimum balance of Rs. 5000 or Rs.
10000.
• Bank offer zero balance accounts previously known as No – frills accounts / BSBDA and now under PMJDY
Note:
• If you go to some bank like ICICI or HDFC they may specify 10000/- min. balance in a metropolitan area, 5000/- in
small towns, 2000/- in rural areas. So the min. balance may differ.
• If minimum balance is not maintained banks may impose penalty.
What is Regulation and De-Regulation?

From 25 Oct 2011 the interest rate of Saving Account is deregulated by RBI.
• If somebody (RBI) is controlling then it is regulation, if you (banks) are controlling i.e deregulation.
• Note: Banks are free to decide interest rate on Savings bank a/c deposits.
• From 1st April 2010 interest on SA is calculated on daily basis taking into account minimum balance available. Interest
on SA is around 4%.
Current Account - Are for big businesses, companies and institutions such as school, colleges etc., a big business do lot
many transactions across the country. Since there are restriction on number of withdrawals from saving bank account,
this type of account is not suitable for them. They need to have an account from which withdrawal can be made any no.
of times.
Salient Features of Current Account –
• Firms & companies are eligible to open account.
• Current bank accounts are operated to run a business.
• It is a non-interest bearing bank account.
• No limit on either the number of transactions or the maximum amount of transactions
• Overdraft facility (short term loan facility) is available
• It needs a higher minimum balance to be maintained as compared to the savings account.
Difference b/w Saving & Current Account –
Saving Bank Account Current Bank Account

Bank pays interest on daily basis Bank does not pay any interest on current account.
Restriction on the number and amount of There is no restriction on the number and amount of
withdrawals withdrawals
23
SA can be opened by individuals, small Current Accounts are for big businesses, companies and
businesses and students, etc. institutions, etc.
Nomination facility is available for SA Nomination facility is normally not available for CA deposits.
deposits.
Note: Now CA & SA together are known as demand deposit, since they are payable on demand. Suppose you need
Rs.5000 today you withdraw Rs.5000 today.
• CASA RATIO – The Ratio of the deposits in the form of Current Account & Saving Account to the total deposits is
known as CASA Ratio (normally expressed in %). More CASA ratio banks are in the safe zone. ICCI, AXIS, HDFC & SBI
have CASA Ratio more than 40%.
• Fixed Deposit and Recurring Deposit - these deposits are TIME deposits (as for specified agreed period b/w you and
the bank). In these deposits interest paid by the bank is slightly higher than CA & SA. It’s like “sabar ka fal mitha hota
hai”.
Note: If you are depositing the money for 1 year you will get the money after 1 year. But if you withdraw before the
agreed period i.e before 1 year, you have to pay penalty. Cheque book facility is not available for time deposits.
Salient Features of FD –
• FIXED DEPOSIT can be operated for a tenure ranging from 7 days to 10 years in Indian banking system.
• Not payable on demand and do not enjoy cheque facility.
• Interest rates will be slightly higher for senior citizens (60 + years of age)
• Premature withdrawal of the deposits is possible, but it attracts penalty at the rates varying from 0.5% to 1.5%
• If the deposits are Rs. 1 Crore or more, they come under bulk deposits and interest rates may vary further.
• Loan facility is available on principal as well as on interest.
But in FD you have to pay income tax . If your interest income exceeds Rs. 10000 banks will deduct TDS (Tax diretionate
source) i.e banks itself will deduct income tax.
• Recurring Deposit – Recurring Deposit is a special kind of Term Deposit offered by banks in India which help people
with regular incomes to deposit a fixed amount every month into their Recurring Deposit account and earn interest
at the rate applicable to Fixed Deposits.
• The main objective of recurring deposit account is to develop regular savings habit among the public.
Salient Features of RD –
• In India, minimum amount that can be deposited is Rs.10 at regular intervals.
• The period of deposit is minimum six months and maximum ten years. (Minimum tenure varies banks to banks. Some
banks allow minimum tenure in RD for 3 months.)
• Minimum balance can be deposited under RD is Rs. 500 per month and thereafter in multiples of Rs 100/-
• The rate of interest is higher.
Banking Abbreviations
ABEDA Arab Bank for Economic Development in KCC Kisan Credit Card.
Africa.
ACF Auto Correlation Function. KMB Kotak Mahindra Bank.
ACS Automated Clearing Systm. KVB Karur Vysya Bank.
AD Authorized Dealer. KYC Know Your Customer.
ADB Asian Development Bank. LAB Local Area Bank.
ADR American Depository Receipt. LAF Liquidity Adjustment Facility.
AEPS Aadhaar Enabled Payments Switch. LDB Land Development Bank.
AFS Annual Financial Statement. LIBOR London Inter Bank Offered Rate.
AGM Annual General Meeting. MIBOR Mumbai Inter Bank Offer Rate.
AIC Agricultural Insurance Company. NABARD National Bank for Agricultural and
Rural Development.
24
ASSOCHAM Associated Chambers of Commerce and NAS National Account Statistics.

Industry of India.
AMFL Association of Mutual Funds in India. NAV Net Asset Value.
AML Anti Money Laundering. NBC Non Banking Companies.
ALM Asset Liability Management. NBFC Non Banking and Finance companies.
ATM Automated Teller Machine. NEFT National Electronic Funds Transfer
System.
BCSBI Banking Codes and Standards Board of NFA No Frills Account.
India.
BIS Bank for International Settlements. NFC Non Banking Finance Companies.
BOB Bank of Baroda. NHB National Housing Bank.
BOI Bank of India. NIB Nordic Investment Bank.
BOP Balance of Payments. NPA Non Performing Assets.
BOR Bank of Rajasthan. NPS National Pensions Scheme.
BOT Build,Operate and Transfer. NSE National Stock Exchange.
BR Act Banking Regulations Act, 1949. OMO Open Market Operations.
BSCS Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. OTP One Time Password.
BSR Basic Statistical Returns. PGS Payment Gateway System.
BSE Bombay Stock Exchange. RBI Reserve Bank Of India.
BSR Basic Statistical Returns. RBS Royal Bank of Scotland.
BIS Bank for International Settlements. RRB Regional Rural Bank.
CA Chartered Accountant. RTGS Real Time Gross Settlement System.
CAD Capital Account Deficit. SCB Scheduled Commercial Bank.
CAG Controller and Auditor General. SCC Selective Credit Control.
CAG Controller and Auditor General of India. SEPA Single Euro Payment Area.
CAR Cash Adequacy Ratio. SEBI Security Exchange Board Of India.
CB Canara Bank. SHGs Self Help Groups.
CBS Core Banking Solution. SIDBI Small Industries and Development
Bank of India.
CDB Caribbean Development Bank. SLR Statutory Liquidity Ratio.
CDBS Committee of Direction on Banking SPNS Shared Payment Network System.
Statistics.
CDS Credit Default Swap. SWIFT Society For World Wide Inter Bank
Financial Telecommunication.
CEPA Comprehensive Economic Partnership ULIP Unit Linked Insurance Plan.
Management.
CFRA Combined Finance and Revenue Accounts. UCB Urban Cooperative Bank.
CGRA Currency and Gold Revaluation Account. UEBA Universal Electronic Bank Account.
CIBIL Credit Information Bureau (India) Limited. UIDAI Unique Identification Authority of
India.
CPI Consumer Price Index. ULIP Unit Linked Insurance Policies.
CRAR Capital To Risk Weighted Asset Ratio. UPIN Unique Property Identification
Numbers.
CRMD Credit Risk Management Department. USB Ultra Small Branch.
CRR Cash Reserve Ratio. USD United States Dollar.
CTI Country Threat Index. VDBS Vertically Differentiated Banking
System.
25
COB Corporation Bank. WBCIS Weather Based Crop Insurance

Scheme.
CUB City Union Bank WL ATM White Label ATM.
DTAA Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement. WPFI World Press Freedom Index.
ECB External Commercial Borrowings. WPI Wholesale Price Index.
ECS Electronic Clearing System. KCC Kisan Credit Card.
EEFC Exchange Earner’s Foreign Currency. KMB Kotak Mahindra Bank.
ELSS Equity Linked Saving Scheme. KVB Karur Vysya Bank.
EADB East African Development Bank. KYC Know Your Customer.
EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and LAB Local Area Bank.
Development.
EIB European Investment Bank. LAF Liquidity Adjustment Facility.
EXIM Export Import Bank of India. LDB Land Development Bank.
FCA Foreign Currency Assets. LIBOR London Inter Bank Offered Rate.
FCCB Foreign Currency Convertible Bonds. MIBOR Mumbai Inter Bank Offer Rate.
FCNRA Foreign Currency Non resident Account. NABARD National Bank for Agricultural and
Rural Development.
FDI Foreign Direct Investment. NAS National Account Statistics.
FERA Foreign Exchange Regulation Act. NAV Net Asset Value.
FICCI Federation of Indian Chambers of NBC Non Banking Companies.
Commerce and Industry.
FII Foreign Institutional Investor. NBFC Non Banking and Finance companies.
FIMMDA Fixed Income Money Markets and NEFT National Electronic Funds Transfer
Derivatives Association. System.
FIPB Foreign Investment Promotion Board. NFA No Frills Account.
FPI Foreign Portfolio Investment. NFC Non Banking Finance Companies.
FTA Free Trade Agreement. NHB National Housing Bank.
GDP Gross Domestic Product. NIB Nordic Investment Bank.
GDR Global Depository Receipt. NPA Non Performing Assets.
GFD Gross Fiscal Deficit. NPS National Pensions Scheme.
GIRO Government Internal Revenue Order. NSE National Stock Exchange.
GAAR General Anti Avoidance Rule. OMO Open Market Operations.
HDFC Housing Development Finance OTP One Time Password.
Corporation.
IADB Inter American Development Bank. PGS Payment Gateway System.
IBPS Institute of Banking Personnel Selection. RBI Reserve Bank Of India.
IBRD International Bank For Reconstruction And RBS Royal Bank of Scotland.
Development.
ICA Indian Council of Agricultural Research. RRB Regional Rural Bank.
ICICI Industrial Credit and Investment RTGS Real Time Gross Settlement System.
Corporation of India.
IDB Islamic Development Bank. SCB Scheduled Commercial Bank.
IDBI Industrial Development Bank of India. SCC Selective Credit Control.
IDR Indian Depository Receipts. SEPA Single Euro Payment Area.
IIB International Investment Bank. SEBI Security Exchange Board Of India.
IIBF Indian Institute of Banking and Finance. SHGs Self Help Groups.
IRR Internal Rate Of Return. SIDBI Small Industries and Development
Bank of India.
26
IMD India Millennium Deposits. SLR Statutory Liquidity Ratio.

IMF International Monetary Fund. SPNS Shared Payment Network System.
IMPS Immediate Mobile Payment System. SWIFT Society For World Wide Inter Bank
Financial Telecommunication.
IOB Indian Overseas Bank. ULIP Unit Linked Insurance Plan.
IPO Initial Public Offering. UCB Urban Cooperative Bank.
IRBI Industrial Reconstruction Bank of India. UEBA Universal Electronic Bank Account.
STATIC GK TORNADO
Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana : is a rural development programme broadly focusing upon the development in the
villages which includes social development, cultural development and spread motivation among the people on
social mobilization of the village community.
List of few important villages adopted by MPs
 Narendra Modi has adopted Nagepur village his constituency Varanasi (Uttar Pradesh).
 Y. S. Chowdary has adopted Ponnavaram village in Krishna district (Andhra Pradesh).
 Sonia Gandhi adopted Udwa village in her constituency Rae Bareli (Uttar Pradesh).
 Rahul Gandhi adopted Deeh village in his constituency Amethi (Uttar Pradesh).
 V. K. Singh adopted Mirpur Hindu in his constituency Ghaziabad (Uttar Pradesh).
 Ahmed Patel adopted Vandari village in Rajpipada(Gujarat).
 Sachin Tendulkar adopted Puttamraju vari Kandriga(P.R.Kandriga) a village near Gudur in Nellore (Andhra
Pradesh).
 Harish Dwivedi adopted Amodha Khas village in Basti(Uttar Pradesh).
 Smt. Sushma Swaraj has adopted Aajnas village in Dewas (Madhya Pradesh)
Indian railways:
Indian Railways owned and operated by the Government of India through the Ministry of Railways. Indian Railways is
divided into 17 zones, which are further sub-divided into divisions. There are a total of sixty-eight divisions.
Railway Zones Abbr. Zone Headquarters Railway Divions

Northern Railway NR Delhi Delhi, Ambala, Firozpur, Lucknow NR, Moradabad
North Eastern NER Gorakhpur Izzatnagar, Lucknow NER, Varanasi
Railway
Northeast Frontier NFR Guwahati Alipurduar, Katihar, Rangiya, Lumding, Tinsukia
Railway
Eastern Railway ER Kolkata Howrah,Sealdah,Asansol,Malda
South Eastern SER Kolkata Adra,Chakradharpur,Kharagpur,Ranchi
Railway
South Central Railway SCR Secunderabad Secunderabad,Hyderabad,Vijayawada,Guntakal,Gu
ntur, Nanded
Southern Railway SR Chennai Chennai,Tiruchirappalli, Madurai,Palakkad, Salem,
Thiruvananthapuram
Central Railway CR Mumbai Mumbai, Bhusawal,Pune,Solapur, Nagpur
Western Railway WR Mumbai Mumbai WR,Ratlam,Ahmedabad, Rajkot,
Bhavnagar,Vadodara
27
South Western SWR Hubballi Hubballi,Bengaluru, Mysuru,

Railway
North Western NWR Jaipur Jaipur, Ajmer, Bikaner,Jodhpur
Railway
West Central Railway WCR Jabalpur Jabalpur, Bhopal, Kota
North Central Railway NCR Allahabad Allahabad, Agra, Jhansi
South East Central SECR Bilaspur Bilaspur, Raipur, Nagpur
Railway
East Coast Railway ECoR Bhubaneswar Khurda Road, Sambalpur,Waltair
East Central Railway ECR Hajipur Danapur, Dhanbad, Mughalsarai, Samastipur,
Sonpur
Konkan Railway KR CBD Belapur, Navi Karwar,Ratnagiri
Mumbai
List of Highest, Longest, Biggest in India & World
Highest Mountain in India Kangchenjunga Coldest continent Antarctica

Highest Mountain in world Mt. Everest Longest river in India Ganga
Highest rainfall Mawsynram, Longest river in World Nile
Meghalaya, India
Highest waterfall Angel Falls Longest coastline of India Gujrat
Biggest forest in world Amazon Biggest country Russia
Biggest forest in India Van Vihar national Park Biggest continent Asia
Largest & Deepest ocean Pacific
List of Gardens in India
Hanging Gardens Mumbai Jallianwala Bagh Amritsar

Brindavan Garden Mysore Kalindi Kunj NCR
Rock Garden Chandigarh Indian Botanical Garden Howrah
Lodi Gardens Delhi Lal Bagh Garden Bangalore
Pinjore Gardens Panchkula Lloyds Botanical Garden Darjeeling
Shalimar Bagh Kashmir Law Garden Ahmedabad
Rock Garden Darjeeling Mughal Garden New Delhi
Nishat Bagh Srinagar Nishat Bagh Kashmir
Company Garden Allahabad Shalimar Garden Jammu Kashmir
Lal Bagh Bangalore Shalimar Garden New Delhi
Tulip Garden Srinagar Botanical Garden Ooty
Sarita Udyan Gandhinagar Gulab Bagh (Sajjan Niwas Udaipur
Garden)
Chambal Garden Kota Sim Park Tamilnadu
Chashme Shahi Garden Kashmir The Jawaharlal Nehru Near gangtok
Botanical Garden
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List of Sea Port & Location
Sea Port Name Location Sea Port Name Location
Chennai Port or Madras Port Chennai, Madras Mormugao Port Goa

Haldia (Kolkata Dock System & Kolkata Mumbai Port West Mumbai,
Haldia Dock Complex) Maharashtra
Jawaharlal Nehru Port, also known Maharashtra,South Panaji Panaji Goa
as Nhava Sheva Mumbai
Kamarajar Port or Ennore Port Ennore, Chennai Paradip Jagatsinghpur, Odisha
Kandla Port Gujarat, Gulf of Tuticorin Port (now Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu
Kutch called V.O.Chidambaram
Port)
Kochi Port or Cochin Port Kochi, Kerala Visakhapatnam Port Andhra Pradesh
List of Important National Parks & Wildlife Sanctuaries of India
Assam
Kaziranga National Park Amchang WLS
Dibru-Saikhowa National Park Chakrashila WLS
Manas National Park Dihing Patkai WLS
Nameri National Park East Karbi Anglong WLS
Rajiv Gandhi Orang National Park North Karbi Anglong WLS
Nambor WLS
Bihar
Valmiki National Park Pant (Rajgir) WLS
Gautam Budha WLS Valmiki WLS
Kaimur WLS
Chhatisgarh
Indravati National Park Bhairamgarh WLS
Kanger Valley National Park Bhoramdev WLS
Guru Ghasi Das (Sanjay) Udanti Wild Buffalo WLS
Badalkhol WLS
Goa
Bhagwan Mahavir (Mollem) National Park Netravali WLS
Bondla WLS Bhagwan Mahavir (Mollem) WLS
Madei WLS
Gujarat
Gir National Park & Sasan Gir Sanctuary Kutch Desert WLS
Blackbuck National Park, Velavadar Mitiyala WLS
Marine National Park, Gulf of Kutch Porbandar Lake WLS
29
Bansda National Park Rampara Vidi WLS

Jambugodha WLS Ratanmahal WLS
Jessore WLS Thol Lake WLS
Wild Ass WLS
Haryana
Kalesar National Park N Khaparwas WLS
Sultanpur National Park Kalesar WLS
Bhindawas WLS
Himachal Pradesh
Pin Valley National Park Daranghati WLS
Great Himalayan National Park Dhauladhar WLS
Inderkilla National Park Nargu WLS
Khirganga National Park Pong Dam Lake WLS
Simbalbara National Park Shilli WLS
Bandli WLS Talra WLS
Daranghati WLS
Jammu & Kashmir

Dachigam National Park Gulmarg WLS
Hemis National Park Limber WLS
Kishtwar National Park Nandini WLS
Salim Ali National Park Dachigam National Park
Jharkhand
Betla National Park Palkot WLS
Lawalong WLS Parasnath WLS
Karnataka
Dandeli National Park Bhadra WLS
Nagarhole National Park Bhimgad WLS
Bandipur National Park Brahmagiri WLS
Bannerghatta National Park Cauvery WLS
Kudremukh National Park Nugu WLS
Anshi national park Pushpagiri WLS
Arabithittu WLS Ranganathittu Bird WLS
Attiveri WLS Sharavathi Valley WLS
Someshwara WLS
Kerala
Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary Pampadum Shola National Park
Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary Aralam WLS
Eravikulam National Park Chimmony WLS
Mathikettan Shola National Park Idukki WLS
30
Silent Valley National Park Malabar WLS

Anamudi Shola National Park Mangalavanam Bird WLS
Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary Neyyar WLS
Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary Periyar WLS
Madhya Pradesh
Bandhavgarh National Park Bori WLS
Pench National Park Gandhi Sagar WLS
Kanha National Park Ghatigaon WLS
Panna National Park Ken Gharial WLS
Madhav National Park Narsighgarh WLS
Mandla Plant Fossils National Park National Chambal WLS
Pench National Park Orcha WLS
Sanjay National Park Kuno WLS
Satpura National Park Sardarpur WLS
Van Vihar national park Son Gharial WLS
Maharastra
Sanjay Gandhi National Park Tipeshwar WLS
Chandoli National Park Jaikwadi WLS
Navegaon National Park Koyana WLS
Tadoba National Park Nagzira WLS
Gugamal national park Painganga WLS
Aner Dam WLS Radhanagari WLS
Bhamragarh WLS Sagareshwar WLS
Bhimashankar WLS Tungareshwar WLS
Great Indian Bustard WLS
Manipur
Keibul Lamjao National Park Yangoupokpi-Lokchao WLS
Meghalaya
Balphakram National Park
Mizoram
Murlen National Park Pualreng WLS
Phawngpui Blue National Park Tokalo WLS
Mountain National Park Nokrek National Park
Dampa WLS (TR) Baghmara Pitcher Plant WLS
Ngengpui WLS Nongkhyllem WLS
Nagaland
Intanki National Park Puliebadze WLS
Fakim WLS Rangapahar WLS
31
Odisha
Similipal National Park Chilika (Nalaban) WLS
Bhitarkanika National Park Hadgarh WLS
Badrama WLS Khalasuni WLS
Baisipalli WLS Satkosia Gorge WLS
Punjab
Abohar WLS Jhajjar Bacholi WLS
Harike Lake WLS
Rajasthan
Keoladeo Bird Sanctuary/ Bharatpur National Park Jawahar Sagar WLS
Sariska National Park Kailadevi WLS
Ranthambore National Park Mount Abu WLS
Darrah National Park Ramsagar WLS
Desert National Park Sawai Man Singh WLS
Bundh Baratha WLS Shergarh WLS
Darrah WLS Sitamata WLS
Sikkim
Khangchendzonga National Park Maenam WLS
Fambong Lho WLS Pangolakha WLS
Kitam WLS (Bird)
Tamil Nadu
Mudumalai National Park Karaivetti WLS
Mukurthi National Park Karikili WLS
Indira Gandhi (Annamalai) National Park Mudumalai WLS
Guindy National Park Pulicat Lake WLS
Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park Vaduvoor WLS
Indira Gandhi (Annamalai) WLS Vedanthangal WLS
Kalakad WLS Vettangudi WLS
Tripura
Bison(Rajbari) National Park Rowa WLS
Clouded Leopard National Park Sepahijala WLS
Gumti WLS Trishna WLS
Uttarakhand
Rajaji National Park Binsar WLS
Jim Corbett National Park Govind Pashu Vihar WLS
Gangotri National Park Kedarnath WLS
Valley of Flowers National Park Sonanadi WLS
Askot Musk Deer WLS
32
Uttar Pradesh
Dudhwa National Park Sur Sarovar WLS
Hastinapur WLS Chandraprabha WLS
Ranipur WLS National Chambal WLS
Sohagibarwa WLS
West Bengal
Sunderbans Wildlife Sanctuary Chintamani Kar Bird Sanctuary
Buxa National Park Haliday Island WLS
Neora Valley NationalPark Lothian Island WLS
Singalila National Park Mahananda WLS
Ballavpur WLS
List of State, Nuclear Power Station & Thermal Power Station
State Nuclear Power Station Thermal Power Station

Andhra Pradesh  Simhadri Super Thermal Power Plant
 Sri Damodaram Sanjeevaiah Thermal
Power Station
Assam  Bongaigaon Thermal Power Plant
Bihar  Barauni Thermal Power Station
 Kahalgaon Super Thermal Power
Station
Chhattisgarh  Korba Super Thermal Power Plant
 Sipat Thermal Power Plant
 Bhilai Expansion Power Plant
 (iv) Hasdeo Thermal Power Station
Gujarat Kakrapar Nuclear power station  Mundra (TPP)
 Ukai Thermal Power Station
 Sikka Thermal Power Station
 (iv) Akrimota Thermal Power Station
Haryana Gorakhpur Atomic Power Station  Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram Thermal
Power Station
 (ii) Rajiv Gandhi Thermal Power
Station
Himachal Pradesh  Girinagar Hydel Project
 Binwa Hydel Project
 Rangtong Hydel Project
 Baner and Neugal Project
Jharkhand  Patratu Thermal Power Station
 Bokaro Thermal Power Station
 Chandrapura Thermal Power Station
 (iv) Koderma Thermal Power Station
Karnataka Kaiga Nuclear power station  Udupi Thermal Power Plant
 Bellary Thermal Power station
 (iv) Raichur Thermal Power Station
Kerala  Brahmapuram Power Station
33
 (ii) Kayamkulam Power Station

Madhya Pradesh  Vindhyachal Super Thermal Power
Station
 Sant Singaji (TPP)
 Satpura Thermal Power Station
 Amarkantak Thermal Power Station
 (v) Sasan Ultra Mega Power Project
Maharashtra  Tarapur Atomic power station  Tirora (TPP)
 (ii) Jaitapur Nuclear Power  Amravati (TPP)
Project  Chandrapur Super (TPP)
 (iv) Khaperkheda Thermal Power
Station
Nagaland Dikhu Hydro Electric Power Plant
Odisha  Talcher Super Thermal Power Station
 Hirakud Captive Power Plant
Punjab Guru Gobind Singh Super Thermal Power
Plant
Rajasthan Rawatbhata  Chhabra (TPP)
 Suratgarh Power Station
Sikkim Rangit Hydro Electric Power Prject
Tamil Nadu  Kundakulam Nuclear Power  Mettur Theral Power Station
Plant  Neyveli Thermal
 Kalpakkam  Tuticorin Thermal Power Station
Tripura Palatana Thermal Power Plant
Uttar Pradesh Narora Atomic Power Station  Rihand Thermal Power Station
 Singrauli Super Thermal Power Station
 Anpara Thermal Power Station
 Obra Thermal Power Station
 Rosa (TPS)
 Panki (TPS)
Uttarakhand  Chibro Power Plant
 Khodri Power Plant
 Chilla Power Plant
West Bengal Durgapur Thermal Power Station
List of Famous Places - Famous Names, Cities and Aliases

Famous names Cities Famous names Cities
Golden City Amritsar Pink City Jaipur
Manchester of India Ahmedabad Gateway of India Mumbai
City of Seven Islands Mumbai Twin City Hyderabad, Secunderabad

Queen of Arabian Sea Cochin City of Festivals Madurai
Space City Bangalore Deccan Queen Pune
Garden City of India Bangalore City of Buildings Kolkata
Silicon Valley of India Bangalore Dakshin Ganga Godavari
Electronic City of India Bangalore
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List of State, River and Dam

State River Dam
Uttarakhand Bhagirathi Tehri Dam
Himachal Pradesh Sutlej Bhakra Dam
Kerala Periyar Idukki arch Dam
Uttarakhand Yamuna Lakhwar Dam
Gujarat Narmada Sardar Sarover Dam
Telangna/Andhra Pradesh Krishna Srisailam Dam
Punjab Raavi Ranjit Sagar Dam
Jammu & Kashmir Chenab Baglihar Dam
Telangna/Andhra Pradesh Krishna Nagarjuna Sagar Dam
Jammu & Kashmir Chenab Salal Dam
Maharashtra Koyna Koyna Dam
Uttar Pradesh Rihand Rihand Dam
Gujarat Tapi Ukai Dam
Madhya Pradesh Narmada Indira Sagar Dam
Jammu & Kashmir Suru Chutak Hydroelectric Power plant
(Kargil district)
Jammu & Kashmir Sindhu Nimoo Bazgo Hydroelectric
(Leh district) Power plant
Jammu & Kashmir Jhelum Uri Dam
(Baramula district)
Tamil Nadu Kaveri Mettur Dam
Odisha Mahanadi Hirakud Dam
Rajasthan Chambal Jawahar Sagar Dam
Rajasthan Chambal Rana Pratap Sagar Dam
Uttarakhand Bhagirathi Koteshwar Dam
Madhya Pradesh Chambal Gandhi Sagar Dam
Madhya Pradesh Narmada Omkareshwar Dam
Kerala (idukki district) Periyar Mullaperiyar Dam
List of Revolution and Field

Revolution Field
Black Revolution Petroleum Production
Blue Revolution Fish Production
Brown Revolution Leather/nonconventional(India)/Cocoa production
Golden Fiber Revolution Jute Production
Golden Revolution Fruits/Overall Horticulture development/Honey Production
Green Revolution Food grains
Grey Revolution Fertilizer
Pink Revolution Onion production/Pharmaceutical (India)/Prawn production
Red Revolution Meat & Tomato Production
Round Revolution Potato
Silver Fiber Revolution Cotton
35
Silver Revolution Egg/Poultry Production

White Revolution (In India : Milk/Dairy production
Operation Flood)
Yellow Revolution Oil Seeds production
Evergreen Revolution Overall development of Agriculture
List of State, Folk Dance and Classical Dance
State Folk Dance Classical Dance

Andhra Pradesh Changu Kuchipudi
Assam Bihu
Bihar Chhau
Gujarat Garba
Jammu and Kashmir Dumhal Rauf
Kerala Padayani Kathakali
Karnataka Dollu Kunitha
Maharashtra Lavani
Madhya Pradesh Gaur
Manupur Manipuri
Odisha Changu Odissi
Punjab Bhangra
Rajasthan (i) Gair
(ii) Ghoomar
Tamil Nadu Karagam Bharat Natyam
Uttar Pradesh Kathak
West Bengal Chhau
List of State, Monuments and Temples

State Monuments Temples
Andhra Pradesh (i) Srisailam Temple
(ii) Tirupathi Temple
Assam (i) Kamakhya Temple
(ii) Sukresvara Temple
Bihar Mahabodhi Temple
Delhi (NCT) (i) Humayun’s Tomb
(ii) The Red Fort
(iii) Qutub Minar
(iv) Lotus Temple
(v) Janatar Mantar
Gujarat Somnath Temple
Haryana Markandeshwar Temple
Jammu and Kashmir Dal Lake Amarnath Temple
Kerala Sabrimala Temple
Maharashtra Siddhivinayak Temple
Odisha Konark Sun Temple
36
Punjab Darbar Sahib – Amritsar Golden Temple

Rajasthan (i) Hawa Mahal – Jaipur Birla Mandir
(ii) Mehrangarh Fort – Jodhpur
(iii) Jal Mahal – Jaipur
Tamil Nadu (i) Meenakshi Temple
(ii) Brihadeeswarar Temple
Telangana Salar Jung Museum – Hyderabad
Uttar Pradesh Taj Mahal – Agra
West Bengal Victoria Memorial - Kolkata
List of National and International Water Falls
India Water Falls International Water Falls

Odisha Barehipani Falls Venezuela Angel
Goa Dudhsagar Falls Venezuela Kukenaam
Meghalaya Nohkalikai Falls USA Ribbon
Meghalaya Langshiang Falls South Africa Tugela
Karnataka Jog Falls or Gersoppa falls Australia Wollomombi
(Plunge waterfalls)
Karnataka Magod Falls Brazil Guaria
Karnataka Lushington Falls or Unchalli Falls or Canada Niagara
Keppa Jog falls
Karnataka Sivasamudram Falls Zimbabwe Victoria
Karnataka Kunchikal Falls (Tiered waterfalls)
Jharkhand Hundru Falls
Madhya Pradesh Kapildhara Falls
List of Airport, City and State
Airport City State

Veer Savarkar International Airport Port Blair Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Visakhapatnam Airport Visakhapatnam Andhra Pradesh
Rajiv Gandhi International Airport Hyderabad Andhra Pradesh
Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Guwahati Assam
Airport
Indira Gandhi International Airport New Delhi Delhi
Goa International Airport Goa Goa
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport Ahmedabad Gujarat
Kempegowda International Airport Bengaluru Karnataka
Mangalore International Airport Mangalore Karnataka
Cochin International Airport Kochi Kerala
Calicut International Airport Kozhikode Kerala
Trivandrum International Airport Thiruvananthapuram Kerala
Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport Mumbai Maharashtra
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar International Nagpur Maharashtra
Airport
37
Tulihal Airport Imphal Manipur

Biju Patnaik International Airport Bhubaneswar Odisha
Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport Amritsar Punjab
Jaipur International Airport Jaipur Rajasthan
Chennai International Airport Chennai Tamil Nadu
Coimbatore International Airport Coimbatore Tamil Nadu
Tiruchirapalli International Airport Tiruchirapalli Tamil Nadu
Chaudhary Charan Singh Airport Lucknow Uttar Pradesh
Lal Bahadur Shastri Airport Varanasi Uttar Pradesh
Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Kolkata West Bengal
Airport
Important Boundary Lines
 Durand Line is the line demarcating the boundaries of Afghanistan and Pakistan. It was drawn up in
1896 by Sir Mortimer Durand.
 Hindenburg Line is the boundary dividing Germany and Poland. The Germans retreated to this line
in 1917 during World War I.
 Mason-dixon Line is a line of demarcation between four states in the United States.
 Marginal Line was the 320 km line of fortification built by France along its border with Germany
before World War II, to protect its boundary from German attack.
 Mannerheim Line is the line of fortification on the Russia-Finland border. Drawn up by General
Mannerheim.
 Macmahon Line was drawn up by Sir. Henry MacMahon, demarcating the frontier of India and China.
China did not recognize the MacMahon line and crossed it in 1962.
 Medicine Line is the border between Canada and the United States.
 Order-neisse Line is the border between Poland and Germany, running along the Order and Beisse
rivers, adopted at the poland Conference (August 1945) after
 Radcliffe Line was drawn up by Sir Cyril Radcliffe, demarcating the boundary between India and
Pakistan.
 Siegfried Line is the line of fortification drawn up by Germany on its border with France.
 17th Parallel defined the boundary between North Vietnam and South Vietnam before the two were
united.
 24th Parallel is the line which Pakistan claims for demarcation between India and Pakistan. This,
however, is not recognized by India.
 26th Parallel south is a circle of latitude which croses through Africa, Australia and South America.
 30th PARALLEL north is a line of latitude that Stands one-third of the way between the equator and
the North Pole.
 33rd Parallel north is a circle of latitude which cuts through the southeren United States, parts of
North Africa, parts of the Middle East, and China.
 35th Parallel north forms the boundary between the State of North Carolina and the State of Georgia
and the boundary between the State of Tennessee arid the State of Georgia the State of Alabama,
and the State of Mississippi.
 36030’ Parallel north forms the boundary between the Tennessee and Commonwealth of Kentucky
between the Tennessee River and the Mississippi River, the boundary between Missiouri and
38
Arkansas west of the White River, and the northernmost boundary between the Texas and the
Oklahoma.
 37th Parallel north formed the southern boundary of the historic and extralegal Territory of
Jefferson.
 38th Parallel is the parallel of latitude which separates North Korea and South Korea.
 39th Parallel north is an imaginary circle of latitude that is 39 degrees north of the Earth’s equatorial
plane.
 40th Parallel north formed the original northern boundary of the British Colony of Maryland.
 41th Parallel north forms the northern boundary of the State of Colorado with Nebraska and
Wyoming and the southern boundary of the State of Wyoming with Colorado and Utah.
 42nd Parallel north forms most of the New York - Pennsylania Border.
 43rd Parallel north forms most of the boundary between the State of Nebraska and the State of South
Dakota and also formed the northern border of the historic and extralegal Territory of Jefferson.
 The Parallel 440 north is an imaginary circle of latitude that is 44 degrees north of the Earth’s
equatorial plane.
 45th Parallel north is often called the halfway point between the Equator and the North Pole. The
 45th parallel makes up most of the boundary between Montana and Wyoming. 45th parallel of south
latitude is the east-west line that marks the theoretical halfway point between the equator and the
South Pole.
 49th Parallel is the boundary between USA and Canada
List of International Stadiums and Place
India
Name of Stadium Place Name of Stadium Place
Feroz Shah Kotla Ground Delhi Himachal Pradesh Cricket Dharamshala
Association Stadium
Brabourne Stadium Mumbai M Chinnaswamy Stadium Bangalore
Green Park Stadium Kanpur M.A. Chidambaram Stadium Chennai
Wankhede Stadium Mumbai Sawai Mansingh Stadium Jaipur
Barabati Stadium Cuttack Punjab Cricket Association Mohali
Stadium
Eden Gardens Kolkata Green Park Stadium Kanpur
Australia
Adelaide Oval Adelaide Marrara Cricket Ground Darwin
Bundaberg Rum Cairns Melbourne Cricket Ground Melbourne
Telstra Dome Melbourne Sydney Cricket Ground Sydney
Manuka Oval Canberra W.A.C.A. Ground Perth
Bangladesh
39
Bangabandhu National Dhaka Chittagong Stadium Chittagong

Stadium
England
Edgbaston Birmingham St Lawrence Ground Canterbury
Headingley Leeds The Brit Oval London
Lord's London Trent Bridge Nottingham
Old Trafford Manchester Sophia Gardens Cardiff
New Zealand
Basin Reserve Wellington John Davies Oval Queenstown
Eden Park Auckland McLean Park Napier

Jade Stadium Christchurch
Pakistan
Arbab Niaz Stadium Peshawar Gaddafi Stadium Lahore
Ayub National Stadium Quetta
South Africa
Kingsmead Durban St George's Park Port Elizabeth
New Wanderers Johannesburg Centurion Super Sport Pretoria
Stadium Park
Newlands Cape Town
Sri Lanka
Colombo Cricket Club Colombo R.Premadasa Stadium Colombo
Ground
Galle International Galle Sinhalese Sports Club Colombo
Stadium Ground
P.Saravanamuttu Colombo
Stadium
West Indies
Sabina Park Kingston Jamaica Kensington Oval Barbados
Bridgetown
Antigua Recreation Antigua Mindoo Phillip Park St Lucia
Ground St John's Castries
Guyana Cricket Stadium Guyana Albion Sports Complex Guyana
Georgetown Berbice
40
Zimbabwe
Bulawayo Athletic Club Bulawayo Kwekwe Sports Club Kwekwe
Harare Sports Club Harare Queens Sports Club Bulawayo
United Arab Emirates

Sheikh Zayed Stadium Abu Dhabi Sharjah Cricket Stadium Sharjah
List of Awards & their fields
1. Bharat Ratna: It is the highest civilian award of the India. The award was given for outstanding
achievements in the arts, literature, science and public services but the government expanded the criteria
to include "any field of human endeavor". The number of annual awards is restricted to a maximum of
three in a particular year.
2. Nobel Prize : The Nobel Prize is widely regarded as the most prestigious award available in the fields of
literature, medicine, physics, chemistry, peace, and economics.
3. Saraswati Samman (Literature): The award was instituted in 1991 by the K. K. Birla Foundation. It is an
annual award given for outstanding prose or poetry literary works in any 22 Indian languages.
4. Jnanpith award (Literature): The award was instituted in 1961 and it is It is presented by the Bharatiya
Jnanpith, a trust founded by the Sahu Jain family, the publishers of the newspaper The Times of India. It
is an annual award given for outstanding prose or poetry literary works in any 22 Indian languages.
5. Vyas Samman (Literature): Vyas Samman is awarded annually by the K.K. Birla Foundation in recognition
of the Hindi literary work published in past 10 years.
6. Bihari Puraskar (Literature): Bihari Puraskar is a literary award instituted by K. K. Birla Foundation. The
award is named after the famous Hindi poet Bihari and is awarded to an outstanding work published in
Hindi or Rajasthani by a Rajasthani writer.
7. Moorti Devi Award (Literature): The Moortidevi Award is an annual literary award in India presented by
the Bharatiya Jnanpith organization for a work which emphasizes Indian philosophy and culture.
8. Booker Prize (Literature): It is an annual award for the best original novel, written in the English language,
and published in the UK literary award
9. Dadasaheb Phalke Award (Cinema/Films): The Dadasaheb Phalke Award is India's highest award in
cinema. It is presented annually at the National Film Awards ceremony by the Directorate of Film Festivals,
an organisation set up by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting.
10. Arjuna Award: Outstanding performance from the sportspersons in sports and games.The Government
has modified the format of Arjuna Award very recently and as per the revised schematic guidelines a
sportsperson must have very good consistent performances for the previous 3 years at the international
level to be considered as eligible for the Award.
11. Dronacharya Award: Eminent coaches of any particular sport.The award is named after the very famous
archery coach, mentioned in the epic of India known as the Mahabharata. This very award is not related
with the sportspersons who are still playing in the field; instead this is related to those eminent coaches
of any particular sport.
12. Dhyan Chand Award: The award that is given to the veteran sportspersons of India for their lifetime
achievement in their respective field of sport is named as the Dhyan Chand Award for Life Time
Achievement in Sports and Games.
41
13. Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award: The Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna is the highest honour bestowed to a
sportsperson for his/her achievements in India.
14. Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize (Science & Technology): The Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science
and Technology (SSB) is a science award in India given annually by the Council of Scientific and Industrial
Research (CSIR) for notable and outstanding research, applied or fundamental, in biology, chemistry,
environmental science, engineering, mathematics, medicine and Physics.
15. Kalinga Prize (Science): The Kalinga Prize for the Popularization of Science is an award given by UNESCO
for exceptional skill in presenting scientific ideas to lay people.
16. Pulitzer Prize (Journalism): The Pulitzer Prize is an award for achievements in newspaper and online
journalism, literature, and musical composition in the United States.
17. Abel Prize (Mathematics): The Abel Prize is an international prize awarded annually by the Government
of Norway to one or more outstanding mathematicians.
18. Grammy Award (Music): A Grammy Award, or Grammy, is an accolade by the National Academy of
Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States to recognize outstanding achievement in the music
industry.
19. Stirling Prize (Architecture): The Royal Institute of British Architects Stirling Prize is a British prize for
excellence in architecture.
20. Aga Khan Award (Architecture): The Aga Khan Award for Architecture (AKAA) is an architectural prize
established by Aga Khan IV in 1977. It aims to identify and reward architectural concepts that successfully
address the needs and aspirations of Islamic societies in the fields of contemporary design, social housing,
community development and improvement.
21. Pritzker Prize (Architecture): The Pritzker Architecture Prize is awarded annually "to honor a living
architect.
List of Banks, Headquarter and Tagline
Banks Headquarter Tagline

Allahabad Bank Kolkata A Tradition of Trust
Andhra Bank Hyderabad Where India Banks
Bank of Baroda Vadodara India’s International Bank
Bank of India Mumbai Relationship beyond Banking
Bank of Maharashtra Pune Ek parivaar Ek Bank
Bharatiya Mahila Bank Limited New Delhi Empowering Women, Empowering India
Canara Bank Bangalore Together We Can
Central Bank of India Mumbai Central to You Since 1911
Corporation Bank Mangalore Prosperity for all
Dena Bank Mumbai Trusted Family Bank
Indian Bank Chennai Your Own Bank
Indian Overseas Bank Chennai Good People to Grow With
Oriental Bank of Commerce New Delhi Where Every Individual is Committed
Punjab National Bank New Delhi The Name You can Bank Upon
Punjab & Sind Bank New Delhi Where Service is a way of Life
State Bank of India Mumbai The Banker to Every Indian
Syndicate Bank Manipal Faithful and Friendly
Union Bank of India Mumbai Good People to Bank with
United Bank of India Kolkata The Bank that begins with U
42
UCO Bank Kolkata Honours your Trust

Vijaya Bank Bangalore A Friend you can Bank upon
IDBI Bank Ltd Mumbai Bank aisa dost jaisa
List of Internation Organization, Headquarter & President/ G.Sec.
International Organizations Headquarter President/ General Secretary

Asian Infrastructure Investment Beijing, China Jin Liqun
Bank (AIIB)
New Development Bank (BRICS Shanghai, China K.V. Kamath
Development Bank)
Asian Development Bank (ADB) Manila, Philippines Takehiko Nakao
International Monetary Fund Washington DC, US Christine Lagarde
(IMF)
World Bank Washington DC, US Jim Yong Kim
United Nations Organization (UN) New York, US Ban Ki – moon
United Nations Children’s Fund New York, US Sven Jurgenson
(UNICEF)
United Nations Populations Fund New York, US Dr. Babatunde Osotimehin
(UNFPA)
United Nations Conference on Geneva, Switzerland Mukhisa Kituyi
Trade & Development (UNCTAD)
World Health Organization Geneva, Switzerland Margaret Chan
(WHO)
World Economic Forum Geneva, Switzerland Klaus Schwab
International Labour Organisation Geneva, Switzerland Guy Ryder
(ILO)
World Trade Organisation Geneva, Switzerland Roberto Azevedo
World Meteorological Geneva, Switzerland Petteri Taalas
Organisation (Secretary-General)
World Intellectual Property Geneva, Switzerland Francis Gurry
Organisation
International Committee of the Geneva, Switzerland Peter Maurer
Red Cross
United Nations Education Paris, France Irina Bokova
Scientific & Cultural Organisation
(UNESCO)
Organisation for Economic Paris, France Jose Angel Gurria
Cooperation & Development
(OECD)
United Nations Industrial Vienna, Austria Li Yong
Development Organisation
(UNIDO)
International Atomic Agency Vienna, Austria Yukiya Amano
Organisation of Petroleum Vienna, Austria Diezani Alison-Madueke
Exporting Countries (OPEC)
43
Amnesty International London, UK Salil Shetty

International Maritime London, UK Koji Sekimizu
Organisation
Commonwealth of Nations London, UK Head - Queen Elizabeth II
Secretary-General-Kamalesh
Sharma
South Asian Association for Kathmandu, Nepal Arjun Bahadur Thapa (Secretary-
Regional Cooperation (SAARC) General)
Association of South East Nations Jakarta, Indonesia Le Loung Minh
(ASEAN)
Asia Pacific Economic Singapore Dr. Alan Bollard
Cooperation (APEC)
North Atlantic Treaty Brussels, Belgium Jens Stoltenberg
Organisation (NATO) (Secretary-General)
International Cricket Council (ICC) Dubai, UAE Zaheer Abbas
Food & Agricultural Organisation Rome, Italy José Graziano da Silva
(FAO)
International Court of Justice The Hague, The Netherland Ronny Abraham
International Olympic Committee Lausanne, Switzerland Thomas Bach
The Fédération Internationale de Zurich, Switzerland Sepp Blatter
Football Association (FIFA)
The Organization for the The Hague, The Netherlands Ahmet Üzümcü
Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
(OPCW)
World Wide Fund for Nature Avenue du Mont-Blanc, Gland, Yolanda Kakabadse
(WWF) Vaud, Switzerland
List of State, Capital, Governor & Chief Minister
State Capital Governor Chief Minister

Andhra Pradesh Hyderabad (Proposed Shri E. S. Lakshmi Shri. Nara Chandrababu
Capital Amaravati) Narasimhan Naidu
Arunachal Pradesh Itanagar Shri V. Shanmuganthan Shri Pema Khandu
Assam Dispur Shri Banwarilal Purohit Shri Sarbananda
Sonowal
Bihar Patna Shri Ram Nath Kovind Shri Nitish Kumar
Chhattisgarh Raipur Shri Balram DasTandon Dr. Raman Singh
Delhi (NCT) Shri Arvind Kejriwal
Goa Panaji Smt. Mridula Sinha Shri Laxmikant Parsekar
Gujarat Gandhinagar Shri Om Prakash Kohli Shri Vijay Rupani
Haryana Chandigarh Prof. Kaptan Singh Shri Manohar Lal
Solanki
Himachal Pradesh Shimla Shri Acharya Dev Vrat Shri Virbhadra Singh
Jammu and Kashmir Srinagar (summer), Shri N. N. Vohra Mehbooba Mufti Sayeed
Jammu (winter)
Jharkhand Ranchi Shrimati Droupadi Shri Raghubar Das
Murmu
44
Karnataka Bengaluru Shri Vajubhai Vala Shri Siddaramaiah

Kerala Thiruvananthapuram Shri Justice (Retd.) Shri Pinarayi Vijayan
Palaniswamy
Sathasivam
Madhya Pradesh Bhopal Shri Om Prakash Kohli Shri Shivraj Singh
Chouhan
Maharashtra Mumbai Shri Chennamaneni Shri Devendra Fadnavis
Vidyasagar Rao
Manipur Imphal Dr. Najma A. Heptulla Shri Okram Ibobi Singh
Meghalaya Shillong Shri V. Shanmuganthan Dr. Mukul Sangma
Mizoram Aizawl Lt. General (Retd.) Shri Lal Thanhawla
Nirbhay Sharma
Nagaland Kohima Shri Padmanabha Shri. T R Zeliang
Balakrishna Acharya
Odisha Bhubaneswar Dr. S. C. Jamir Shri Naveen Patnaik
Puducherry (UT) Shri. V. Narayanasamy
Punjab Chandigarh Shri V. P. Singh Badnore Shri Parkash Singh Badal
Rajasthan Jaipur Shri Kalyan Singh Smt. Vasundhara Raje
Sikkim Gangtok Shri Shriniwas Shri Pawan Kumar
Dadasaheb Patil Chamling
Tamil Nadu Chennai Shri Ch. Vidyasagar Rao Selvi J. Jayalalithaa
Telangana Hyderabad Shri E.S Lakshmi Shri K Chandrasekhar
Narasimhan (Add. Rao
Charge)
Tripura Agartala Shri Tathagata Roy Shri Manik Sarkar
Uttar Pradesh Lucknow Shri Ram Naik Shri Akhilesh Yadav
Uttarakhand Dehradun Dr. Krishan Kant Paul Shri Harish Rawat
West Bengal Kolkata Shri Keshari Nath Km. Mamata Banerjee
Tripathi
List of Union Territory, Capital and Chief Minister/Governor
Union Territory Capital Chief Minister/ Governor

Delhi Arvind Kejriwal
Pondicheerry (Puducherry) Dr. Kiran Bedi, IPS, (Retd.) (Lieutenant
Governor)
Andaman and Nicobar Islands Port Blair Prof. Jagdish Mukhi (Lieutenant Governor)
Chandigarh Shri.V.P. Singh Badnore (Administrator)
Daman & Diu Daman Shri Praful Patel (Administrator)
Dadar & Nagar Haveli Silvasa Shri Madhup Vyas, IAS (Administrator)
Lakshadweep Kavaratti Shri Farooq Khan, IPS (Retd.) (Administrator)
List of All Cabinet Ministers
Cabinet Ministers Ministries
45
Shri Raj Nath Singh Minister of Home Affairs

Sushma Swaraj Minister of External Affairs
Shri Arun Jaitley Minister of Finance and Minister of Corporate Affairs
Minister of Urban Development, Minister of Housing and Urban Poverty
Venkaiah Naidu Alleviation and Minister of Information and Broadcasting
Shri Nitin Jairam Gadkari Minister of Road Transport and Highways; and Minister of Shipping
Shri Manohar Parrikar Minister of Defence
Shri Suresh Prabhu Minister of Railways
Shri D V Sadananda
Gowda Minister of Statistics and Programme Implementation
Sushri Uma Bharati Minister of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation
Shri Ramvilas Paswan Minister of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution
Shri Kalraj Mishra Minister of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
Maneka Sanjay Gandhi Minister of Women and Child Development
Shri Ananthkumar Minister of Chemicals and Fertilizers; and Minister of Parliamentary Affairs
Minister of Law and Justice and Minister of Electronics and Information
Shri Ravi Shankar Prasad Technology
Shri Jagat Prakash Nadda Minister of Health and Family Welfare
Shri Ashok Gajapathi Raju
Pusapati Minister of Civil Aviation
Shri Anant Geete Minister of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises
Harsimrat Kaur Badal Minister of Food Processing Industries
Shri Narendra Singh Minister of Rural Development; Minister of Panchayati Raj; and Minister of
Tomar Drinking Water and Sanitation
Shri Chaudhary Birender
Singh Minister of Steel
Shri Jual Oram Minister of Tribal Affairs
Shri Radha Mohan Singh Minister of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare
Shri Thaawar Chand
Gehlot Minister of Social Justice and Empowerment
Smriti Zubin Irani Minister of Textiles
Harsh Vardhan Minister of Science and Technology and Minister of Earth Sciences
Shri Prakash Javadekar Minister of Human Resource Development
List of Sports and Trophies/Cups
Sports Trophies/ Cups

46
Ashes Cup, Asia Cup, C.K. Naidu Trophy, Deodhar Trophy, Duleep Trophy,
Gavaskar Border Trophy, G.D. Birla Trophy, Gillette Cup, ICC World Cup,
Irani Trophy, Jawharlal Nehru Cup, Rani Jhansi Trophy, Ranji Trophy,
Cricket
Rohinton Barcia Trophy, Rothmans Cup, Sahara Cup,
Sharjah Cup, Singer Cup, Titan Cup, Vijay Hazare Trophy, Vijay Merchant
Trophy, Wisden Trophy, Wills Trophy.
Sultan Azlan Shah Cup, Aga khan Cup, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Gold Cup,
Hockey Dhyanchand Trophy, Nehru Trophy, Sindhia Gold cup, Murugappa Gold
Cup, Wellington Cup etc, Stanley Cup
Rovers Cup, Bandodkar Trophy, Merdeka Cup, Confederation cup,
DCM Trophy, Durand Cup, Rovers Cup, B. C. Raj Trophy (National
Championship), FIFA world Cup, Jules Rimet Trophy, Kalinga Cup,
Football
Santosh Trophy, IFA Shield, Scissor Cup, Subroto Cup, Sir Ashutosh
Mukherjee Trophy, Todd Memorial Trophy, Vittal Trophy,
UEFA Champions League
Amrit Diwan Cup, Asia Cup, Chaddha Cup, European Cup, Harilela Cup,
Badminton Ibrahim Rahimatillah Challenger Cup, Konica Cup, Sophia Cup, Kitiakara
Cup, Malaysian Open, Thomas Cup (men) Uber Cup (women)
Table Tennis Travancore Cup (women), Swathling Cup (men), Bama Belleck Cup
Davis Cup, Australian Open, French Open, Wimbledon, US Open, Heineken
Lawn Tennis
Cup
Golf Augusta Masters, British Open, US Maters
Horse Racing Derby
Rowing Wellington trophy
List of Sports and Terminology
Sports Terminology
Badminton Deuce, Smash, Drop, Let, Game, Love, Double Fault.
Baseball Pitcher, Strike, Diamond, Bunting, Home, Put Out.
Billiards Jigger, Break, Scratch, Cannons, Pot, Cue, In Baulk, In Off.
Boxing Jab, Hook, Punch, Knock-out, Upper cut, Kidney Punch.
Bridge Revoke, Ruff, Dummy, Little Slam, Grand Slam, Trump, Diamonds, Tricks.
Chess Gambit, Checkmate, Stalemate, Check.
Cricket LBW, Maiden over, Rubber, Stumped, Ashes, Hat-trick, Leg Bye, Follow on, Googly,
Gulley, Silly Point, Duck, Run, Drive, No ball, Cover point, Leg Spinner, Wicket Keeper,
Pitch, Crease, Bowling, Leg-Break, Hit – Wicket, Bouncer, Stone-Walling.
Football Dribble, Off-Side, Penalty, Throw-in, Hat-Tick, Foul, Touch, Down, Drop Kick, Stopper
Golf Hole, Bogey, Put, Stymie, Caddie, Tee, Links, Putting the green.
Hockey Bully, Hat-Trick, Short corner, Stroke, Striking Circle, Penalty corner, Under cutting,
Scoop, Centre forward, Carry, Dribble, Goal, Carried.
Horse Racing Punter, Jockey, Place, Win, Protest.
Lawn Tennis Volley, Smash, Service, Back-hand-drive.
Rifle Shooting Bull's eyes.
Swimming Stroke.
47
List of Country, Capital, Currency, President and Prime Minister
Asia
Country Capital Currency President Prime Minister
Kabul Afghan afghani Ashraf Ghani
Afghanistan
Ahmadzai
Manama Bahraini dinar Khalifa bin Salman
Bahrain
Al Khalifa
Dhaka Bangladeshi taka Abdul Hamid Sheikh Hasina
Bangladesh
Wazed
Thimphu Bhutanese Tshering Tobgay
Bhutan ngultrum, Indian
rupee
Cambodia Phnom Penh Cambodian riel Hun Sen
China Beijing Renminbi Tsai Ing-wen Li Keqiang
Cyprus [Europe] Nicosia Euro Nicos Anastasiades
Georgia [Europe]
Indonesia Jakarta Indonesian rupiah Joko Widodo
Iran Tehran Iranian rial Hassan Rouhani
Iraq Baghdad Iraqi dinar Fuad Masum Haider al-Abadi
Jerusalem Israeli new shekel Reuven Rivlin Benjamin
Israel
Netanyahu
Japan Tokyo Japanese yen Shinzo Abe
Astana Kazakhstani tenge Nursultan Bakytzhan
Kazakhstan Nazarbayev Abdirovich
Sagintayev
Bishkek Kyrgyzstani som Almazbek Sooronbay
Kyrgyzstan
Atambayev Jeenbekov
Vientiane Lao kip Bounnhang Thongloun
Laos
Vorachith Sisoulith
Lebanon Beirut Lebanese pound Michel Aoun Tammam Salam
Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Malaysian ringgit Najib Razak
Maldives Male Maldivian rufiyaa Abdulla Yameen
Ulaanbaatar Mongolian togrog Tsakhiagiin Chimed
Mongolia
Elbegdorj Saikhanbileg
Myanmar (Burma) Naypyidaw Burmese kyat Htin Kyaw
Kathmandu Nepalese rupee Bidhya Devi Pushpa Kamal
Nepal
Bhandari Dahal
North Korea Pyongyang North Korean won Pak Pong-ju
Muscat Omani rial Qaboos bin Said Al
Oman
Said
Pakistan Islamabad Pakistani rupee Mamnoon Hussain Nawaz Sharif
Philippines Manila Philippine peso Rodrigo Duterte
48
Doha Qatari riyal Abdullah bin

Qatar Nasser bin Khalifa
Al Thani
Riyadh Saudi riyal Salman of Saudi
Saudi Arabia
Arabia
South Korea Seoul South Korean won Park Geun-hye Hwang Kyo-ahn
Sri Sri Lankan rupee Maithripala Ranil
Sri Lanka Jayawardenepura Sirisena Wickremesinghe
Kotte, Colombo
Syria Damascus Syrian pound Bashar al-Assad Imad Khamis
Taiwan Taipei New Taiwan dollar
Tajikistan Dushanbe Tajikistani somoni Emomali Rahmon Kokhir Rasulzoda
Bangkok Thai baht Maha
Thailand
Vajiralongkorn
Turkey [Europe]
Ashgabat Turkmenistan Gurbanguly
Turkmenistan
manat Berdimuhamedow
Abu Dhabi United Arab Khalifa bin Zayed Al Mohammed bin
United Arab
Emirates dirham Nahyan Rashid Al
Emirates
Maktoum
Tashkent Uzbekistani som Islam Karimov Shavkat
Uzbekistan
Mirziyoyev
South American Countries

Argentina Buenos Aires Peso Mauricio Macri
Sucre Bolivian boliviano Juan Evo Morales -
Bolivia
Ayma
Brazil Brasilia Brazilian real Michel Temer -
Chile Santiago Chilean peso Michelle Bachelet
Bogota Colombian peso Juan Manuel -
Colombia
Santos
Quito United States Rafael Correa -
Ecuador
Dollar
Asuncion Paraguayan Horacio Cartes -
Paraguay
guarani
Lima Sol Pedro Pablo Fernando Zavala
Peru
Kuczynski
Uruguay Montevideo Uruguayan peso Tabare Vazquez
Venezuela Caracas Venezuelan bolivar Nicolas Maduro
North American Countries
49
Bahamas Nassau Bahamian dollar - Perry Christie

Bridgetown Barbadian dollar Freundel Jerome
Barbados
Stuart
Bermuda
Ottawa Canadian dollar Justin Pierre James
Canada
Trudeau
Havana Cuban peso, Cuban Raul Castro -
Cuba
convertible peso
Jamaica Kingston Jamaican dollar - Andrew Holness
Mexico Mexico City Mexican peso Enrique Pena Nieto -
Managua Nicaraguan Jose Daniel Ortega -
Nicaragua
cordoba Saavedra
Panama City United States Juan Carlos Varela -
Dollar, Rodriguez
Panama
Panamanian
balboa
Trinidad and Port of Spain Trinidad and Anthony Thomas Keith Christopher
Tobago Tobago dollar Aquinas Carmona Rowley
Washington, D.C. United States Barack Obama -
United States
Dollar
European Countries
Albania Tirana Albanian lek Bujar Faik Nishani Edi Rama
Vienna Euro Heinz Fischer -
Austria
GColIH
Minsk Belarusian ruble Aleksandr Andrei
Belarus Grigoryevich Vladimirovich
Lukashenko Kobyakov
City of Brussels Euro Charles Y.J.Gh.
Belgium
Michel
Sofia Bulgarian lev Rosen Asenov Boyko Metodiev
Bulgaria
Plevneliev Borisov
Zagreb Croatian kuna Kolinda Grabar- Andrej Plenkovic
Croatia
Kitarovic
Czech Republic Prague Czech koruna Milos Zeman Bohuslav Sobotka
Copenhagen Danish krone Lars Løkke
Denmark
Rasmussen
Finland Helsinki Euro Sauli Niinisto Juha Petri Sipila
Paris Euro, CFP franc François Gérard Manuel Carlos Valls
France Georges Nicolas Galfetti
Hollande
Berlin Euro Joachim Gauck Angela Dorothea
Germany Merkel
(Chancellor)
50
Athens Euro Prokopios Alexis Tsipras

Greece
Pavlopoulos
Budapest Hungarian forint Janos Ader Viktor Mihaly
Hungary
Orban
Reykjavik Icelandic krona Guoni Th. Sigmundur Davio
Iceland
Johannesson Gunnlaugsson
Dublin Euro Michael Daniel Enda Kenny
Ireland
Higgins
Italy Rome Euro
Latvia Riga Euro Raimonds Vejonis Maris Kucinskis
Vilnius Euro Dalia Grybauskaite Algirdas
Lithuania
Butkevicius
Luxembourg Luxembourg City Euro Xavier Bettel
Valletta Euro Marie Louise Joseph Muscat
Malta
Coleiro Preca
Monaco Monaco Euro
Netherlands Amsterdam Euro Mark Rutte
Norway Oslo Norwegian krone Erna Solberg
Warsaw Polish zloty Andrzej Sebastian Beata Szydlo
Poland
Duda
Lisbon Euro Marcelo Rebelo de Antonio Luis
Portugal
Sousa Santos da Costa
Bucharest Romanian leu Klaus Werner Dacian Julien Ciolos
Romania
Iohannis
Moscow Russian ruble Vladimir Dmitry
Russia Vladimirovich Anatolyevich
Putin Medvedev
African Countries
Algeria Algiers Dinar Abdelaziz Bouteflika Abdelmalek Sellal
Luanda Angolan kwanza Jose Eduardo dos
Angola
Santos
Yaounde Central African Paul Biya Philemon Yang
Cameroon
CFA franc
Egypt Cairo Egyptian pound Abdel Fattah al-Sisi
Addis Ababa Ethiopian birr Mulatu Teshome Hailemariam
Ethiopia
Desalegn
Gambia Banjul Gambian dalasi Yahya Jammeh
Accra Ghanaian cedi John Dramani
Ghana
Mahama
Kenya Nairobi Kenyan shilling Uhuru Kenyatta
Liberia Monrovia Liberian dollar Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
Libya Tripoli Libyan dinar Fayez al-Sarraj
Antananarivo Malagasy ariary Hery Olivier Mahafaly
Madagascar
Rajaonarimampianina Solonandrasana
Bamako West African CFA Ibrahim Boubacar Modibo Keita
Mali
franc Keïta
51
Mauritius Port Louis Mauritian rupee Ameenah Gurib Anerood Jugnauth

Morocco Rabat Moroccan dirham Abdelilah Benkirane
Maputo Metical Filipe Nyusi Carlos Agostinho
Mozambique
do Rosário
Windhoek Namibian dollar, Hage Geingob Saara
Namibia South African Kuugongelwa
rand
Abuja Abuja Nigerian naira Muhammadu Buhari
Kigali Rwandan franc Paul Kagame Anastase
Rwanda
Murekezi
Seychelles Victoria Seychellois rupee Danny Faure
Freetown Sierra Leonean Ernest Bai Koroma
Sierra Leone
leone
Mogadishu Somali shilling Hassan Sheikh Omar Abdirashid
Somalia
Mohamud Ali Sharmarke
Pretoria, Cape South African Jacob Zuma
South Africa Town, rand
Bloemfontein
Juba South Sudanese Salva Kiir Mayardit
South Sudan
pound
Sudan Khartoum Sudanese pound Omar al-Bashir
Tanzania Dodoma Tanzanian shilling John Magufuli Kassim Majaliwa
List of Important Dates – National & International
January
9th Pravasi Bhartiya Divas ( NRI Day)
10th World Hindi Day/ World Laughter Day
12th National Youth Day (Birth Day of Swami Vivekanand)
15th Army Day
18th National Immunization Day (Polio Day)
23rd National Day of Patriotism
24th National Girl Child Day
25th National Voters Day
26th India’s Republic Day/ International Customs day
27th International Day of Commemoration in Memory of the Victims of the Holocaust
28th Birth Anniversary Lala Lajpat Rai
30th Death Anniversary Mahatma Gandhi (Martyrs’ / Sarvodaya Day)
30th World Leprosy Eradication Day
February
1st Feb Indian Coast Guard Day
2nd Feb World Wetland Day
52
4th Feb World Cancer Day

6th Feb International Day of Zero Tolerance to Female Genital Mutilation
10th Feb National Deworming Day
13th Feb World Radio Day
20th Feb World Day of Social Justice
21st Feb International Mother Language Day
24th Feb Central Excise Day
28th Feb National Science Day
March
1st Zero Discrimination Day
3rd World Wildlife Day, National Defence Day
National Security Day (Rashtriya Suraksha Diwas),World Day of Fight Against Sexual
4th
Exploitation.
8th International Women’s Day
10th Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) Raising Day
12th World Kidney Day
13th World Rotaract Day
14th Pi Day
15th World Consumer Rights Day
18th Ordnance Factories’ Day
20th World Sparrow Day, International Day of Happiness
21st International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
21st World Poetry Day, International Day of Nowruz
21st International Day of Forests, World Down Syndrome Day
22nd World Water Day
23rd World Meteorological Day
24th World Tuberculosis Day
International Day of Remembrance of the Victims of Slavery and the Transatlantic Slave
25th
Trade
27th World Theatre Day
28th Earth Hou
April
4th April International Day for Mine Awareness and Assistance in Mine Action
6th April International Day of Sport for Development and Peace
7th April World Health Day
11th April National Safe Motherhood Day 2015
12th April International Day of Human Space Flight
17th April World Hemophilia Day
18th April World Heritage Day
21st April National Civil Services Day
22nd April World Earth Day
23rd April World Book and Copyright Day, English Language Day
24th April National Panchayati Day
25th April World Malaria Day
53
26th April World Intellectual Property Day (World IP Day)

28th April World Day for Safety and Health at Work
29th April World Dance Day, Day of Remembrance for all Victims of Chemical Warfare
May
1st May International Labour Day
3rd May World Press Freedom Day, International Sun Day ,International Energy Day
May 04 Coal Miners Day(Intl.), International Firefighters’ Day
1st (Tue) 1st (Tue)World Asthma Day takes place each year on the first Tuesday in May.
1st (Sun) 1st (Sun) World Laughter Day
May 05 World Athletics Day, World Midwives Day
May 06 World No Diet Day
May 08 World Red Cross Day, Remembrance and Reconciliation for Lost Lives of Second World War
May 09 World Thalassaemia Day
May 10 International Migratory Bird Day
May 11 National technology day
May 12 International Nurses Day
May 13 International Criminal Court Day
May 15 International Day of the Families
May 17 World Tele-communication and Information Society Day,Wold AIDS Vaccination day, World
Hypertension Day, International day against Homophobia and Transphobia
May 18 World Museum Day
May 20 World Meteorology Day
May 21 National Anti Terrorism Day, National Day for Cultural Development
May 22 International Day for Biological Diversity
May 24 Commonwealth Day
May 25 World Missing Childrens day
May 29 International Day of Peacekeepers
May 31 World Anti Tobacco Day
June
June 1 World Milk Day
June 4 World Day of Innocent Children Victims of Aggression
June 5 World Environment Day
June 8 World Brain Tumor Day, World Oceans Day
June 12 World Day Against Child Labor
June 14 World Blood Donor Day
June 15 World elder abuse awareness day
3rd (Sun) World Father’s Day
June 16 International Integration Day
June 18 International Picnic Day
June 20 World Refugee Day
June 21 World Music Day
June 23 International Olympic Day, United Nations Public Service Day, International Widows Day
June 26 International Day against Drug abuse and Illicit Trafficking, International Day in support of
Victims of torture
54
July
July 1 International Joke Day, World Doctor’s Day
July 2 World Sports Journalists Day, World UFO day
1st International Day of Cooperatives
July 06 World Zoonoses Day
July 07 World Chocolate Day
July 11 World Population Day
July 12 International Malala Day
July 18 International Nelson Mandela Day
July 26 Kargil Vijay Diwas or Kargil Memorial Day or Kargil Victory Day
July 28 World Nature Conservation Day, World Hepatitis Day
July 29 International Tiger Day
August
First International Friendship Day
(Sun)
6-Aug Hiroshima Day, Anti Nuclear Day
8-Aug World Senior Citizen Day
9-Aug Nagasaki Day, International Day of the World’s Indigenous People, Quit India Day
12-Aug International Youth Day
13-Aug International Left Handers Day
14-Aug Pakistan’s Independence Day
15-Aug India’s Independence Day, International Mourning Day
19-Aug World Humanitarian Day, World Photography Day
National Sadbhavna Divas or Birthday of Rajiv gandhi, World Mosquito Day, Indain Akshay
20-Aug Urja Diwas
National Senior Citizen Day , International Day for the Remembrance of the Slave Trade and Its
21-Aug Abolition
23-Aug National Sports Day or Dhyanchand's Birthday
29-Aug International day of the victims of enforced Disappearances
30-Aug International Friendship Day
September
2-Sep World Coconut Day
5-Sep National Teacher’s Day or Dr. Radhakrishanan's Birth Day, Sanskrit Day
7-Sep World Forgiveness Day
8-Sep World Literacy Day
10-Sep World Anti-Suicide Day
14-Sep Hindi Diwas or Hindi Day, World First Aid Day
15-Sep International Day of Democracy, International Engineer’s Day
16-Sep World Ozone Day
20-Sep RPF Foundation day
World Peace Day or International day for Peace and Non-violence (UN), World Alzheimer’s
21-Sep Day
22-Sep World Cancer Free Day or Rose Day
55
23-Sep International Day of the Deaf

26-Sep World Contraception Day,
27-Sep World Tourism Day
28-Sep World Rabies Day
29-Sep World Heart Day
October
1st(Mon) World Habitat Day
1-Oct World Vegetarian Day, International Day of the older/Elderly
2-Oct Gandhi Jayanti, International Day of Non-Violence
3-Oct World Nature Day
4-Oct World Animal Day
5-Oct World Teacher’s Day
6-Oct World Wildlife Day
8-Oct Indian Air Force Day
9-Oct World Postal or Post-office Day
10-Oct World Mental Health Day, National Post-office Day
11-Oct International Day of the Girl Child
2nd(Thu) World Sight Day
12-Oct World Arthritis Day
13-Oct International Day for Natural Disaster Reduction
14-Oct World Standards Day
15-Oct Global Hand Washing Day, International Day of Rural Women, World White Cane Safety Day
16-Oct World Food Day
17-Oct International Poverty Day for it's Eradication
20-Oct World Osteoporosis Day, World Statistics Day, National Solidarity day
24-Oct UN Day, World Development Information Day, World Polio Day
27-Oct World day for Audio Visual Heritage
28-Oct International Animation Day
31-Oct World Savings Day or World Thrift day, Halloween Day
November
1-Nov World Vegan Day
International Day for Preventing the Exploitation of the Environment in War and Armed
6-Nov Conflict
7-Nov Infant Protection Day, World Cancer Awareness Day
8-Nov World Radiology Day
9-Nov World Legal Service Day
10-Nov World Science day for Peace and Development, Public Transport Day
11-Nov National Education Day
12-Nov World Pneumonia Day, Public Service Broadcasting Day
13-Nov World Kindness Day
14-Nov Children’s Day(India), World Diabetes Day
16-Nov International Day for Endurance or Tolerance
17-Nov International Students Day, Gurunanak Dev's Birth Anniversary, National eplilepsy day
19-Nov World Toilet Day, International Men’s Day, National Integration Day
56
20-Nov Universal Children’s Day

3rd (SUN) World Day of Remembrance for Road Traffic Victims
3rd (Thu) World Philosophy Day , World Vegan Day
21-Nov World Fisheries Day, World Hello Day, World Television Day
25-Nov International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women, World Non-Veg day
26-Nov National Law Day or National constitution Day
30-Nov National Flag Day
December
1-Dec World AIDS Day
2-Dec World Computer Literacy Day, International Day for the Abolition of Slavery
3-Dec International Day of People with Disability or World Disability Day
4-Dec Indian Navy Day
5-Dec International Volunteer Day for Economic and Social Development
7-Dec International Civil Aviation Day, Indian Armed Force Flag Day
9-Dec The International Anti-Corruption Day
10-Dec World Human Rights Day, International Children's Day of Broadcasting
11-Dec International Mountain Day, UNICEF Day
14-Dec National Energy Conservation Day(India)
16-Dec Vijay Diwas
18-Dec International Migrants Day, National Minority Rights Day
19-Dec Goa’s Libration Day
20-Dec International Human Solidarity Day
23-Dec National Farmer’s Day or Kisan Diwas
25-Dec Good Governance day
57
58

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STATIC BANKING AWARENESS TORNADO

History of Demonetization in India:

Sources of Black Money :

Countries Implemented Demonetization :

What do you mean by Central Bank of a Country?

What is Monetary Policy?

What is BPS (Basis Points)?

SBI & ICICI Systemically Important Banks – RBI

SWIFT - Society for worldwide Interbank financial tele-communication.

What is Fiscal Policy?

The Objective of the policy are –

14 commercial banks were nationalized in 19th July, 1969.

1. Andhra Bank 4. Oriental Bank of Commerce

What are the Sources of Bank’s Income?

i. NBFC cannot accept demand deposits;

What is Anti Money Laundering?

What is Financial Inclusion?

Regulatory steps taken by Reserve Bank of India in this regard -

• BSBDA (Basic Savings Bank Deposit Account)

Schemes launched by Government of India to promote financial inclusion are -

Benefits of Financial Inclusion -

What is a DeMat Account?

What is a foreign exchange reserve?

What is SENSEX and NIFTY?

NSE - Whereas NSE has 50 most traded stocks of NSE.

What is Right to information Act?

What is Sub-prime crisis?

What is Revenue deficit?

What is National Income?

What is Fiscal Deficit?

What are Mutual funds?

The conditions under which an asset becomes an NPA are as follows:

Reasons for NPA -

Now what does the Bank / FIs do?

Let’s first take the genuine case :

What are BASEL III Norms?

What is Credit risk?

Need for Basel –III in INDIA

The pillars of BASEL norms:

Challenges for Its Implementation in India

Steps Taken by Government -

Some of the differences between a cheque and a DD are:

What is RTGS System?

Cheque Truncation System –

What is Retail Banking?

Treasury Bills (T bills)

Who can invest in CP?

Banking Ombudsman Scheme

Some aspects related to the Scheme:

3 gold schemes launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi

Different Types of Bank Accounts

(4) Fixed Deposit Account

Salient Features of Saving Bank Account –

What is Regulation and De-Regulation?

Difference b/w Saving & Current Account –

Saving Bank Account Current Bank Account

ASSOCHAM Associated Chambers of Commerce and NAS National Account Statistics.

COB Corporation Bank. WBCIS Weather Based Crop Insurance

IMD India Millennium Deposits. SLR Statutory Liquidity Ratio.

List of few important villages adopted by MPs

Railway Zones Abbr. Zone Headquarters Railway Divions

South Western SWR Hubballi Hubballi,Bengaluru, Mysuru,

List of Highest, Longest, Biggest in India & World