Introduction to

DC/DC Converters
Chapter 2
Introduction

 Functions of DC/DC Converters

 Convert DC power to another DC power level
 Convert voltage/current to voltage/current

INPUT OUTPUT

Voltage Voltage

Current Current
Introduction
 Features of DC/DC Converters
 Switched-mode
 Step-up, step-down, both, inverse
 PWM control
 MOSFET, IGBT
 High switching frequency (>20kHz)
 Closed-loop control
Introduction

 Advantages  Disadvantages
 High efficiency  Complicated structure
 High power density  High Electromagnetic
 Low cost Interference (EMI)
 Easy to control
Topologies of DC/DC Converters

 Types of DC/DC converters

 Non-isolated types
 smaller and lighter
 Lower costs

 Isolated types
 Efficiently convert voltage with high ratio
 Better noise filtering ability
Topologies of DC/DC Converters

 Non-isolated DC/DC converters (classical types)

 Buck Converter (step-down)
 Boost Converter (step-up)
 Buck-boost Converter (inverse, step-up / step-down)
 Ćuk Converter (inverse, step-up / step-down)
 Zeta Converter (step-up / step-down)
 Sepic Converter (step-up / step-down)
Topologies of DC/DC Converters
 Non-isolated DC/DC Converters
T L L D

+ +

+
Vin - D C R Vo Vin - T C R Vo

Buck Converter Boost Converter

T D

+
Vin - L C R V0
+

Buck-boost Converter
Topologies of DC/DC Converters

 Non-isolated DC/DC Converters

L1 L2
+
C1
+
Vin - T D C2 R Vo

+
Ćuk Converter
Topologies of DC/DC Converters
 Non-isolated DC/DC Converters
T L2
+
C1
+

+
Vin - L D C2 R Vo

Sepic Converter
Zeta Converter L1 D
+
C1
+

+
Vin - T L C2 R Vo
Topologies of DC/DC Converters

 Isolated DC/DC Converters

 Flyback Converter
 Forward Converter
 Single-ended Two-transistor Forward Converter
 Phase Shift Full-bridge Converter
Topologies of DC/DC Converters
 Isolated DC/DC Converters
D

+
C R Vo
+
Vin -
T Forward Converter
D2 L

Flyback Converter

+
D1 C R Vo
+
Vin -
T D3
Topologies of DC/DC Converters
 Isolated DC/DC Converters

TA DB
+
Vin -
DA TB

Single-ended D2 L

+
Two-transistor D1 C R Vo
Forward Converter
Topologies of DC/DC Converters
 Isolated DC/DC Converters
T1A D1A D1B T1B
+
Vin -
T2A D2A D2B T2B

L
D1 D3

+
C R Vo
Phase Shift
Full-bridge D2 D4
Converter
Applications of DC/DC Converters

 DC power supplies
(SMPS)
 Battery chargers
 Power factor
correction
converters (PFCC)
Applications of DC/DC Converters

 Motor Drives
 Brush-type and
brushless DC drives
 Switched reluctance
motor (SRM) drives
 Electric vehicles
 Electric brakes
Assumptions for
Analysing DC/DC Converters
 Output voltage ripple neglected
 Extremely large filter capacitor
X Calculating output voltage ripple
X Calculating output filtering capacitor current
 Ideal components
 No power loss on all components
 No junction capacitance across transistors and diodes
 No forward voltage across diodes
 Extremely fast response of all components
X Calculating efficiency
 Purely resistive load
 Constant switching frequency