.

suoiec 0 thms issue ls Miies,Ji' eUllrily' c··rle'~J"

_.' 'fore he' I --~ oft - UliBRB for Almelitca jlln __ ~ ~9138,j b~' . ieh 1- me He had ,-_ II:re1adiV' 'bu ~I:' eno _~_ Iglfl te - t ·1 -Ii. h \ - , nan'le ,il": the Ie.: Rall- .. ' Ilhis fillfSt: h,all~ lo'r

h" ~ ._ - In b SIPU" into t - Q pa~rB Ilrmujne 'lhe

,~ , 9,2'2~.- 1-1,,- Mlcu1le1y"s, aii!Gglraplh:lcl: 18,--:;-8V m kes I:., r th.- t U ,-' ti~ 'th ." It, Ii 1m e.' 1M: ies - .. as ani e'~ treme y .·_'kiillful jo'Urn1e· .. "111nll Ipluih:iiln!fJl i~1 15 ;;'trip'" p -'d a d a _ .- =r', elesselsed i,d~OII'i1rl wh~"ch D,w,ad

C '0 _''-'' _u,th s to B,e:rl = g8~ a~nd 8Ibc,_ ,~:; ,a~~ lO

~ II ,,,,II - \!ii' .. f'

_"---- ~'I " -,e IJ - ~I I:J' . c· ,':_ ,ne 011' 11_ I e I ce 10'

Peter Beihrens.. :ulnning ~o,jn1 came, it

seems, w_:: je~ W,[lfllt"lf GI~al'i'lbJ,S, Ire"fwsisd: "10 IBI)t,fllibit M,ies~ prElte'CYI, ter the IrtlU.~ Ir N:o'ws,e iin his 1 '9 ;191 , 'i itioin c:J1 " UnIIKRjGWr.l ': Ir'c'~it,eicts~ ~ Aceero,jn,Q

_.L . .....,,' s. uro ~,ius justil '1IhllS, .. , ,:clfls,'"lo:r.l t~ll~[ ,~ .. ~IWe'

. n# e,·~h'J~J..-J~' ,~'" .-,~, ~(r~ ,,#!- ."':g'~'.' (0.: '~.l'il" l£!il(-"im'~' ·~~!til';ji~i"fn'

. ·,·""l,U,,'1 iII'~;,,, ~. ~.~' ,a::;~IItI",[u ItU _' .~ll' I r', l.' ,ill, Qilu l_ I ~:J""~"~L"~'

rr:rpIe"fJly: iflerenr ~-'~

_'.-ng~e eri _~c"sm i~e .:h,BI't makes f0- nBa't his"t!)lry' bUI~ Cal,J'I\n'Ol.~~'~·' tiA' - hid '

. - rnrn ersi:oll~ i In 'th ,,' '.' OthlOUS·, almls- '.-

- ' .. 't-Velrsa0U:I, ::'5 B,~-'~I'irnL tagetAler w~tn

.. tpiil~f'in, .. Ii"'IIo.,~ i1nm fiQrJh,e I,S,piIIF1i'l, a'f 'l~~e' tilr.ru!sJ.' iha~m a GOA_:ributm/Q·n t'QI '~Ie: ,Qh,I'n,g,e ~h_:t OCGUlfr,Aj 'n'~ '.. . r;e'" -', ,'!li:iII'~ a' ,~,~ '~I~ -., -f'lllflnCI~ ,. - . '.n-:. "'alllllll'~';-

ffl IIl!!I . _ .:,.11"_ 'g!,~'.- .,~I~ '1"[, UJ 1_.:.. Q_ . .:, _ !," ;;;:::Ii,_

I,RP"D'Ben '_, In:h~n - th1e questlens ror M''',es iw',er8' -. 'i-'Vs A!fi~" d enes: whQt 's, a strueture, 81il

- .:tiI ~I

I ne esure, space? Hi. bLI€' :'D~Ou"JdI sUrgglesf'l:s

t-h a t 't:nLis was a ,~ri\lalte tq~u as., no . ess Ztl'.c Ik,u S I'y' 'C,- rrii' dl IQU_ 'for ,i"s B,e'k 1)'_ 5ropliilU.' :B,tllplQo,rr.

But t,QI reum to t l. ~" pa~r, d~e,:.j£al ttelt,m L 'rf, IMi~.- LS . . w Ire~aiv' ~ s,~ lis ;t n Olt IP.~ Ftr_ ,~s re,'t-helr mfJl~~"l (-m -,I'tt 'if olf thall' flurnd'Brn6!'nt.alllsn1 'w'hmlcln make.s,

· '501 h.~ rEJ ItO unl • tSI'~I" d? 1 "__: S,mil'tlAs'C!'r:;\I. : fA!'

S ,. 8' '''Inn' - ~I 'iI" ",',~.A~.· . ,,":, g';l1".at!!:l. "~u-r- Iro··~"J;;.,

J _ I."_ U\ I f 'I ., ,1V'_]I.;-r II ' " :., I' ~(~ ~ It! _ .. _l ~II., ,-u

"'ni~""!t..DII'r:lIl':!i"ro • ~ C't· - elr~' lb ~ iV·~. dl . SCllrilb,eld hli,!-·:· ',' S

it)e'~:tulre '01' s~ ~I~'nlc ~ "

M~.; S'~ greatnless, Ii'ers. ,,,'1 least in lhils ,abi .. I 0 I ~'D, fer '~he Im,alrgiin of le~-' peflimll- n·. if a~rchj,,:ec'u e. The 'CDin'fi:deui!M~,e tiD dle this, Imust have CQlm~ n~' ~' 510 mluch from an i:n'tell1s,1ive .- _IS Ii l inlg Into hil _. 'Qry QIJf·"nliha·s,o:plh·····_ 'hOJUgIR .-11". 'a:s,.ulrel~" a c Imia" Icd the ,S, o 1M' that Qau~ d 10111" h va, 'i" '.' i the Ehg'lr~iin 0 - 'the' in~er-'- ",Ir p.-'flod - as from the ,knlow,ledlglB' Qrf no _ t:OI CIOnsllru'£:t~~ Jl81mes Gow ,'n. SIJ :r-elly on'9 lof the m OS,'t IClrr ~ _ Ism/an I' , . - 0" alr'c:~il'tec:'r;s'i!' takes lUg 'f:h~s PO'~~_I ,8'n,d mal. -', th' 'Q:~s'eW~"ti'Q'n ':1- at: _ hiile t:h'ls" Ja:s ',I-lllel iit seems 0

" ave' belen 8i:lliiedl to II oertali·n I.~ ncenc rn for th,-' sf!Jec'"fc' ~lUIa~ir~-ias. ,C!);f the .:·,I't' b :,ca'use M" lDui1td'lflgSI h.I'·"9 'the, (!'haRJJc:ter lo'f unr\,ers ,I, .-0 U

't'ilo'n C', iii'" th al., liS ,'~ c' L~lieyem II I.~ I ~, Pa u FiI: u dOli PI" h, ,'"

" ~ t e·,.,.1 0" ~ II - -, • - - I 'I- iIf.'\ I ,1Il!:I; me "1-; '111~;F.fi;

Ipa' lin I',. : tJ o U"I~I! ~',,' ~e'," I' 1[1 . '= IE):, ~ '~,f ~I _. ~'I' ...J~, ',~I" . ' ~u

alll~led~ 81S G'e'W~lln~'~' - ·S~ to the Itl·s most haza -

dIA[I-.IMS:' m-{:·'tj;D.III"I" ~II!~ 1r:'111'I"'I~~'~ an"~ -" I':: I~

[._ ~Utii~ f._' ,~i~~ ~111~~1 ~ I:::_~~~I ~ l~ '1 " . w •

,A·d'- Ir;i'Oiln' C"": lia d--·I'I·S-:',"""iIIIS'-::_~-"iIl:!iiS-- ~lk·I·~ n'r'o~ ~I-I'~m- -, 1~lnl hi;e ~s···'~a·

~:_ IILgU u!.~ ~ .:..: ~ ~IUI _~. ~~~I ,!~ W Q ~' .~ W[~L I ~_I~ D·- ~ ..

,s,pe:-~ :'Ing as on~- he U_;l :--,.8'- 'Ienl( Ii SCI_J 0;' a p pre II1rtf€IIS ~ i pi i. I MI ille,s'i oftT,ce ~ IF or tl~rm ,i11 i ~.. not

II;. 0''' I f::" ,Ii _ S -

SID m111.:lC1'1 a q~:_ 'BS,11:on or 'ntness.rer pu~o,s~· ,I.~·, a

mora ~ el_I'ty tel ~'~\alre'h '~D'r t hie :mOIS'~, .. ~ -CQ,nomlf' Qa'il 6r.1I=U'· •. SSi'DI~I'Q'f !81···· "d :,,·;Ililsed ple~Qelp!~Dn .. The FarAS ...

"Glrthl Heuse ~:s tll~~,elln perh .• 1 ~ .. ~::, ,,". uil ~ilJ . - ·-_te I; ~:la!tc fin1e nt j ~ nl ,9 ---:. elos "edl s,p ~c',e - ~ .. - li''-.: h 'fJnlle ':: rtf e=-IPsQilollJ,s e u p boa 1- ... , se t '\~ .,' it . ~ fli th II JJ ~ n so' ,::~ s to

m g b"e-' 1I';N.'II":h-;- ~ r L,;_.~ S" 0::'11" S-::-·'1f.'i9C· .~~

~l ~, . - I I~ 1'1 t'Ej II ~IM.~ -1lU", . .. . ,.~lP.I" ~ l!!

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'{J~ . ,,~ .. ;:: tOI.eep ttL_ t:Jllln invi,d~, ·,ttl., '"

, gn'· .

"·1 iii. ,,'

". - '~fio.,0 ,'_,sloJJmen "' 18 1. urnr :01 C~; S&"'.~., I.

ani I: tt:·, _I af\'~ ':" n .' ,'~. -. 8nit .. :_ (~Ol s;: '_ nBt~· '.'.- stucco O,llii'ii'\cDJ" j¥!fj l.:·,ut. emslps his fee'lIngl 'lor ~ n .. ~riTy' _,d illS ong rs he~l,"

When ,h '_.' fa~h.·. di:_.d., ,MI". lel11d1er

2 1I"1,_""',"~. D ~ e~weJV I ,\td, in ~~ ~I- AE.G, 0 ..

Btl:. IGnJPW;$ and :doU I etiB \ IV Irn. olVedl., lind

'[, - ,_ ~ca~ ~ '&C$igned to" I,es.~ Vi] [a WIg,and. bui,rr[ ~f'!I

.OIEJi'fem in 1'9" 1 .. '-I~. ' as,', eJobon hiehll, 1e5, "oed b ,', ' ,-, ~ main '[DS ' \IYdS inf!" 0,' job a~hi~' _Ion [he German Em '~'. , In Sl Pe1' ,'"": 'g, a much mtie' td monumef~t~1 -, 'ises \f\;~llh a \t'tS" ' uesmn an statue loomin;g a oo,v;e 'U1(! 'mlll en' :raNZe. ~,_ '! too~ AOlaedn 'a r '[he d.~ gn, and Indeed he',hild

00 lpart In ,t. ~'Ce/Jl' " tp$ ,'Of '[he sJ18Ding of ,8 (~~ IriO ,-,

inrJ'ilI', 7 e ul 0\ : mae' 'tthe OOM1j~Ucrll 0 n h _ drd, on !on'QI VJ$j'IJS ~:O '[sa~l Ft~. He 1~ ,as 5l\lnrl' d ,~, '[ihe ,racrdrnarv ~~ ,ea '_h ot, [100 pee, - e ma~n 00 'U -t,OI ~led him '1,01 tii "-"II' nd '_ 'f;., nd - " 'fib e laid ill so1l,d gtl,ldl~

,,(},_ ' '" 6~ 11eim1,1 thti gmntJ taw,. ,~" you see, flaIl mean;,

,'If t'lIll?fi/l C,- fat.' S B,ut B I 'lens ,150 ga I "r ss a respecl '~or 3 d'e liut ,3) deep aaJTl-ltat1irJrI, '0'1 Sl~'n, ,el. al'\ _,~ hJtDIEH·~~~p, -ience man.ag 'men~ 0' a ~9rge corl1m'~n ',' trLde' In 19 1rans"'

jes aid ,11 ' rn 'of 'fnDon !,! 9 u1nsf in B' rn -lJl!l I'allelo

- in -, 91 1 ~ he bY ill, 031 neoSssica1 VilIHa fo ' ~Jiie Pems 'b re hers, Ftnllp Johl'lSOn \mrJre '(hit "-, 'iss aIr' th,e Ilge' of,' vm~ ,~ J,u ~e as sccfJtnp11sbed a designer In' the' S:Cflin': 61 lfiJr:l~tlon as h~$ ~." . t: .:3

~nJ 191 BI':!tll!'\S Dti iei In cna~,ofa con IfrUS810fl~' em, rs H,E.LJ.. Jl'iaH~, ~,' :.' ,0 ,- Q the Kr5l1er~~ 'uUw 0011£1110n.

, ' e U.' Ben" M "0 diBS!gf' a hn' se Dr. h ' ' near 'The H,lg,~e, B, 'ens >!nd ,. 'as, ,r-&,relled tOI H'rJUand 'loge, r,' bJ" resen~ the driT~ in s in 1 911:2 a .' I' les s.~av, ""'u'dl to superv,l$e' the ,construe'~ a' a rull sea . IClrari3S ,and ~rood 'modl, .... ~p rOt the p ~ t, I',. d.-gn was reject, 3 nd I: " OOmnfinfSS I on ",M [01 Hertd1 Pe IUS B- ig;e: f£\UJori - ~Iies det:t, ,I t~a' he ,as p, ' red' 10 .- " , as 8m1a ~, ets cssLSta '. ~And then" _"" ItmJ' (fa". triJllt/J said to m· sIm had lhfJ~"" I,f OL;'l9f .' Ih kg, flus ' 11d ,and fJUkJ1""~ I II. ,e to prwut:J/J ,il ,'N/gn, · rn

i E I '&f8. IfJh tim e KJOtI ~ 'or n '8' tv a ~elr, a no a "JfJfV large

~~~om room \iva,s put a his ,diS 'DSi~ ~ If) room fun of V,il"~1 Go-ghs . .H _ e , 't',m' ed 0 Ii, ow i'U6 ~er p~,." 'and ecuted hiS first cnm" ·1IU:l1n pifOJKl. Of h, l8isrnar .,_' "OflUlment tBoth II~UU~~I'S are ths'ltrl;I'1y 5,_ n elesQ,ue, w rh 'fe:t rences to, , I, in G~lm ! in

h Kr,tj f Quse a rid ~ID Orian tn 1:"e -:-, . fI'in.B edt ,,0 men,' .

Ruth. t IS W €II hint a' Fir ue d ,', t ghrs Ifnlu nee In 't "

o."t~J 1V oW '~hI ~ oller III JQ,ec ~ 'Ningh'[ hid Qorm~ ~o B ~l1in ~ n - '908 10 prl "N! '00 '~e IJl ucbhca on o~ IJhe Wesm ' ~hl IPon fO~~Q&" a r ,. . of hlS W ~ nee I '900. 1 T' 19 wo~ k ~ii~OO e tubil! ,In iii n n 1 910 and em ' ,II S ~~&a{u:u'. Thirty \t SfS !fat. ' _I i IS 'Nrcn jQII' 011;S m men'. Sf) ml~aJl tor us, I ',i!KhJtJIltlJ;n ,01 F,s" '

lto-,d IW/~9hf carne ,o,fj' ,1ft), < ' tI encunler I _ S

''to 'IU' gnMI S~fYu,~ce IWII~h8 ,Euf1t),' til d, QlJfn,ent

~nr of I I IS 9~_lJ,t mas.s, f)1eSOl1fed ,an iJrc:h~'ooruliH ' rid 01 un" : '_ rJ Ioft:" 'fnnty ot 18rtgU/;JJ; nd cIIsc(J'-'" _ .. ,,.,-1

ridlness QI ',arm, · ~ , .

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111

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In - - IRQ-

111 _-

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The ~ ~ "'te mentL led-ere \ as ,~ ,glass SiL'VSCf a per ~" I ~ a fi:ee-rom~ pia 1, W g · Ne {lit Hu go Hi~1 ~ g's - 0 - ·

,- g , - ,22 '[or an Imaglng,V :lIte'. AUhwgh bo~I' '- - C'Ji'C's

~~:Ir~' urt 'h.l!';l!flced bu tf . aes~li~lIQj. 0 ' ~essron~m. ~he as 31 , hind I e,s' cnJ,: ooch ~IQ ~,tle- lass sk¥Su,P er 9 in t e \\\0* 10 h~ E··pfeSSlonist con",

es was 0- too dcr· ~'r·;il~e nh to ,bel .-~,

- I 'Or arch,- Ie' _ ~ OOUk1, ,com IhJ110t gh m . su; or

itlom S() -, , ... ll oource' (said; [0 if'iS,p'Ill! ENpress~on~I~~, The

, edrn _ lSlrasse Con'll' libon ~ '-'h - I\Jmlng poi nt beJ,\\'e&n , , e,ss', srn a - .. Iu ~~a,s ~o ' or·. I - d,s< "n~ a.rlcl'utlec-~~e·-

,H~' tthe ;_\0 S- I~IC SJ'E me no c~_.'. The, 'first· ,'le' "as,

auv~. !O a ,·lgl1', eft made Tjrmd use of 1 evoeab\J1 --, at

. _-

~~_ .... 01'-: ~lSm: t· ~ond pnl,e. ro'W'fJ\1' ..• ern 1'0 a - . naoma

sIa' . blod> .~.i gn~.· I~ ~t\e lu rd[ brot 118m = ,a Drojee, weU

e ' _ ~ av tOU1,arcis I ~ ne\\' an d more SDber ,3PpfiOOch. I!IS did rot er'- et ~' _ san,· ". "I C1hicago Tnbu ' e C,ompeli1ion 01" 1'92:2 and rt vas rnn un'l',1 1 923: tna~ "'~ arehru!c.1t~re MQec'[ed dl~;ed ~ ·

In . Con _ 'e' 10, lIIce IthJL ~ngl ~iec.t of 1912'3" Mies paid ~'U)mage i~Q ,Fr "~.' .,1[1 \ - r gnfS !l_ Itiill Bil dding 10 , 905 (,is (j~~rmted In '1h_9 asmuth IF'onl'o'iord. The, IQafud' 1\tired u~ sLMas 0 '-"", i ~ oiect v ere designed ~O he ~sel a fi~lingl SV!fiG m. as In_,'_nghfs bJnd ,g. ,~I~,. - '-!~" ec 'lheCOflt~ PI QI his IpUljQOl

Ii n I. ms 0 . Lt~ t, • SDa - . Ima~rmlS and SliriUC urn:· ~ rn ts 'clQaf' 'i '- , _ t the ntlre desi.g ~a.s based on a ri g d struC~tI rJ al iVSte mi. ii~le ~ ~orJeCl! ~RtilJnICl!Ced ~t11'Cflfe SlfruCJUf(.J.S are $" ;elelf)n& ,na- ' ... ; l In· ~ dear ~ stm g _press~on lot 5tfU etlU re, ~ his JJl-OleC~ is unIque '111'1 'ies~ YJ"k: as a conoept' n~ er repean- ~.

Per:hI ' hI 'had 'Sa I d all ~ ha; - . as, ' eel in tnis 0

't 1 V, -:-., olsnl The I~bloon '.'I.!indo ; no" 'er. d.dr reappe81r -' I1i IS, projectS fm 'tit R'le chsban\t I[ 1 933, ,an tit e •. ~efeld AdWw1jg~abOO Bu Id~rtg (11 93,7~. lin 'lhess p~oJee!;s. 100.. ihe

Wilding lSra round a centm7J~ OQUU1Y'iUd welL

In QUI ~ SJCtession tOI the Ccl'tLCf1S ,e 10 Ice Builchng carne t_ 0 C(lJf'!ftlfY ~SJ prnlocrs - orm In brl and rni'll! C'J' r In cantrel'e. Oi11'1C@,,a- I", I ~ e.s paid homage 'EOI fro" l D.. ~/ri~9h1:, '[ - e Bria House kS fJ~aMed Ii a W(lightlian 'QOUlntlfY noos . - ,tt corle IO~ fooms 'SCf-, - - d f~o n ene' anoL", ~ : It ' 'Ith no· of Wrilgh-~s, ~ d~nai'f . '. I n a ~-fO ,leo . tr5 had, moej,emised Wligtl'l. Tt'e

oJ~ ~, : ,., . ~;, en -, . t I \ihp J'Oih.n:&cn:

,- ,on _ ,- ~ cano 1Jl.lfm ol,he MflCl on of ,h9 ~/, The URtf o/,m ~'gn IS no longell' - Quoie to' .n' , I " ~ _ "'S" "'1ing ,~/~ -' 'lCfJ' brfi ,~". 1'h(J lliJdJ'tonal tJ~, SllrP"9' CH~l "mln , UJIh I' 100', nd .-'tt- ding InlO fh_' Ir;fidscape. Inslffid of fOfrning'/JlettJ5edwa(um, fJttlS !llItfj :~- en' L1! ,.IJs~ JQJI - ,'ttn~_' Ib,' ,,,/,, S ,0" glass. It"feIUiQ' iJ ~ ,EJm'DigtJrJUS S~-nslJ',f'on 01

~:lJiB~~', . IntJ~ dndovldt}fJlS ero' no len. rs1/: detlftlid. lhiq

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John·onl 't' ~, .

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IS .rlOL ~,A;. - ""~iI1, ... """-,

I n th ,.' _ = r1 ·'ma ~ble' IlWiojects of u~ - _ ri~ der IRoll,!, an oune: ~'I SOl-·e of· the deas he ~, ... " .... , h -c, years '-'10 1':·'Uo, ' :·'he 's~· , ,. _ r ,

it'Io'il"I,"'lII,II-i, J con, -~ .- s 0,' II·" e B . Cit' IC"

han

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~~-I h h ~- II ~- had_- ~ he •. nal say' 0\4, - r tlh e 3rcJ ~ n - et:1\Jiie' ph ibi'tledL

..,'!I"\ '[ - O~~ - n~...,.

e eJiCf. ~h FS 001\ '_ r on Iv through U'e' ss,ec-i CH' of pe r1 ~ c lI-

P - s: no-or _h ~ited ,,_ IIU,out hLsg resrn ~n. We~B n. ad on s:dreoulie' ~n Ju . ~ , 9'27 - an Ofganls" at ronal ~(JU' de n:;e for 'Y h,d; 't ne job .arch teet. Ric _ rd ID oekJe~ 00 , Stun.' _' . dSSSf\JOO much Ci'edut.. \fis~tIQ1S 'from aUI Q. - I' ~11_ \ and ~ as n· as 20.000 daitV - sa ~I he ·,hibuIO"ci and the p ier~"11 ~~d ~p;as 0 ervlJhe1m,lng. ~In g - ra~ the reaction ~'_1as ~a~ou~able .. I'ut a minc'r~ty Q'r oonservative afCh'~~ecIUs and

, 'tCS af wed .ar 11 a ~echnD' . 1- I aeve~apmen~s i~ We~en1;i

Dfsiedh,JflQI represenled a, ! n .;a,[ 0 G € ml';ln OJ! lure. I h - rn the re Ie a t tradrtlona1 w~lding trades _ ouki be eroded and then 100nE SUtJC!IOll ~,rksrs \'OUlld u1d 'lhenl&e1rrves out ,0 \o'VOrK. Thes:e :28, a gumenls \ '. re evmuu -Iiv' ado - ted a mOl embI'Oi d:ered by '~he

N al ~o nal Sooa ists,

-I -.~ ears ot· , neue Ssc.'llich . tJll' . mtl Q100 d yean, (u ~ ... e ans a . d archneau lie ~ the . ears O'~' the "9 o'iden l\tVe~I' es~. The pe, ad \!VaS described as 13 S -' .. - Ie . realiTy. tor a plsce 10 srand 111' ,- .. , . sc t.ual U"fJrI_d~ II _.... II struggle 'Or abJectivi' . th'B· hB-s chB-rar:~ te sed Genna1"l cui lUff! sInce GfJ'ef,.:e·. Weim'al~ QJlltulre as m con . nuous I tlense u, erne ,- n . _~ ith so~· e'ly a net 0 10, ed ,a

co - rse 'ara lIel ." in· a,lli. tcs in th~ 'Replulbnc~ 81 11 925 I he a"moS,p ,I~ In Germanv . as re'f,ativefv ca'~m~ "nHa . ion had ended

and inOOSl - , In til!!, S\iI'. jog ~

\. 1111 Ie ~he G ~ an seeia I hoo s~ ng IfUO gramm s was keeping mOSt radltal,arcni 'eel; ful OCCUI~ued .. Mies \ran der flo s eonoentfcned an bu,i~d~ng up hiS private p~_ c"ice. He l- as nai-[I·· 31 IPOpu - r 0011' al '~aSl1 . na b ',. at chltecl; Elrrlch - • 'ends ~sohn . as ~he O~I~ mo-d@m afoh~lee~ In '[he Beriln ot 'he n, :'en~HEtj; to h'avll2i ,3 I ~ 'gl. 1h .Ing pri ate p~aCtloe. emplcwing U,PI'-O 'faRV dr,a~ghts.~ men. Bu[ . ies, '" ho, e'mplOYild antV one or ~wo dfillu gih smen ~

was 'a wNb~e' I' aD ranQ€!': ~~ sui~'s lere mac;e' from t .

best I ab~c:s bV t e best la~lors~ hIS shoes were' ha,ndmad~ "Qir hrm 'E gland and h_ seo ed an, immaeula~e Hom. r'g. IHe EmjOvea good food. good Wlnt and Iglood company:, e ,as GI la~'s man. He d a 'FtrI . :iertSe of humour but on lhe (l'the hindi - . as also reputed 110 be I~ary. egoce ntn c ~ d~fficu~l and O'.lnt - 'ptUOU5 '01- hs con~empof2u1es~ espec!aI1~' lende~50hn.

B ; w e~ 1 9,25 and 9301 . lies, i1~ ~our I~w,ge' ,and lu ':U riaus

ma .. , n tlOUSVS for woo . cJtents ~ \ . 'oti. Lange" E~ters and Tu ' . dnar~. In S-t\a'rp oont~· :_'[ '[0' l '1& wo-. ~ and seemlrng'~ un .. C-~~taC1ensuea tv. In 126 he' d1g ..... and .. 'n' a simple br~ ffllmom 11[0 '~, e Comlmu~ls1 f"nanyrs Karlli~b·~ .... '[ and Ro;sa

u ernoof'gl. A'U ··lJg I has grmpa;~hies Ia~i~h his, &iiefla:;, 'On ~h

left as pgHfcal uncomml1ted, dIS-1n~l Mt1ed e~llfJn. Bu

Illere ~ s no dou bt ~ha he ab omJd pOlht~ cal murd r. 1- le ~lnl· - lleb ftedht_ ,;..,d he, secretary 'to 'h~ comm~,t~ , ... ' in e . Irge 0 ~h, m - monal .a,s. 0, I - a~d li=uChs. WoO r~ nUv pUI~eh . 'e . Vdl p, rls_

an der Roh w - '[.h 0 . nr'lodem Gem'a~ archu~[ 'Nlho f1l ~ In l e ~ IJ. nuss, H 15 CQn~, mptlfan@S re1u sed '10 do 5'0,

27 Weisse" ul~s~e61!J.!!nQI

II' Joi,ee~. ~19~'91. od(J~ 10 ~ e . 'lly se.hlli.lm

21 B fi ag ~ . - - -, fda fill e ~rs

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nOI ~~I' , ,d 10 be a 'm Oh~ne- g,'~ mal' -J' u - ,~~ v

B'irage S ' ,0 " lD,i ',",' I ifed' 'e ~acl hat i ,a nJau r 11

rml'.aL rl, '~\' hilch ne' no'~ 'Ccal~"" D_~~g - ~ !l';"~·d' "

-~. Pt;lIllm . !~ ~I~' I _'

{JI .', ' J 0' ' 9"9, ',f sertGUJ$" _ ~$ ttl' '0 'l/mufd "0-' CCfipl' 1I~fhl"'9 f)1BI'

-,a;.s liJlr(f)" fJ't'ld tf' I ," he, : 0 S/Jid! IJ '81 northing !dl(Jula be ,budt

thal'is no'l cleany canrn-VCt ",~,oo' B'eI~' ','0 did '.'S-Clly q,: , nd I _ did ~t, fO' StiCh' an ,lenl that ,h'tSr#fJtJu$ bu~trJln9' II) AmS1'~/dam. r. ,', , 8eurs. ,lad ' ,mm:Jl;)fJ!VSI chlB&Clel' WIthout bfH~9 mI_'!JIS - I~ He USf1(/ bid U~ f'htJ '. V' m I,awsl prop/; did. . . I UEIS I ~ ~I!d I h~ weg I" r ~~hml at~n, . ed ',n w 'pe r ~ 11 o,f a Drll, . rn fJd~J'~. and nt en}tJVed - he . ,I' tSl"1!r\atnship , 0 ,d 1111 t he co ~iln 9 ,ant1) oon dim Q.

. -i. ~ean "d 't co' C, pt '0 ~h ConcfE! ',' COtrfn~' HOUle p1rflil - ,~'I 9'2,3,) In bn c '. - all 'Qu! -' "n ~:H-aus ' iol'f. 1 92!5 ~ 2 6) anti at I(r' fel'd [Hlaus L:ange ~nd IHaus.l-gefS,~ 1'. '·2811~ The' -Ill s1ion 0: the 'fe ta:d es o"~ ~ 11 e&e t Inre, be, re uses Clrl"!' '[rom h. S~U.' '~o~VJm., and 'I elf .~. 'iniion In ~2t. . ",0'81 ad lanes ( Idemonstm',alled 1 n the le,l') ncte~ . CIO. n'try IHou moo r~, The spatial organ'&i~IQn Qr- tn., proJ i....,' he s'sparalJronl of at: ~VI es Ilfl1,O iii ,loned ~lln ..... 8 so' Ins~rfled ,I." entTies in twO, al'cl'u" tecturra~1 100 m pel: '~ons 0 '11 9130. lin l' ~ _ , i(J _ " .~: "o.irect.. the '1Yc_ D,

flool\s of the doubre~stor~ oouse ' a 18 ,d] d'ed nto 1m

a-uached '[0 a 00 I.:-nd in tt-' ·.nefef_ 'C'C)\Jlrn- f Club -O'l&cl _he

, r-lg.s wse a 1 a Ched .'0 'he core by C'CN. o:edl 0,.",' spa .. , _ ~ ..

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s hip wi~h 1-., "s IRerch. ,5,h.e Itlad been I MBfflJ, , ,o~ 'Ih . I, : bu nd

since before ~h, \IV,t,rr ilnd l'lad dime2fi1 -he annua~' , bun, eJ(}hj bI [ on the ,F r1~ n wrt Fai~ rfoml " 924, - 0 192 7' ~ She - Jorked

, J[h liJlles, on the desi gn a~ ,a iii tne '. h1b~!S in '," MaUl _It Weisstanhof and:" w i~h her IlllJ1DI~ "IS, rll' - : : ,hrb 1.'ron,' . gn 10

a 1m' inor ~,i!"iI' 'IO"1I'IIi"IiI"JI li't ~,,,,,,~,~ ~""'hll!"il'.,:~II;J'P'i'I\", ,il"irAlnr.o 1''_'""J"j; ,~ ~[fl"-"\ll'AiDnI'I6 iJlI._i!'

~ UI g_ijl II '~." Jlil ~~ ~'i .. ¥1I"0iiiJ! ~~"'II!~'III'~l'f' Jtlll',y'VJI~ ll~~'~"lit! ~. ~V~" '''-I'Lif'~''-IWr;F ff'Ja'IIl

Jes; ilJ¥Dll ,mM'I' in fumi~um' ,and eRftibJI' on lesign, ega, ti1' ,the sa ' , ' _: veaf,a5 "'is personal' re/atlOMll'p ~ th III "R'eu::h' . A'l ~Ih e "t and Sllrl k CI e.' wheJFe 'SV ooHa ', .... , 'i'l:edl Ofiil1 I" ,0:_ del DIsme" lB<hjlb im.fo " (6 ,~f· 1.'927,) ian ~~ and rL " - vcalb\J'~ary

s ~n~roduo.t _,) s R'etch ·.'S an ~eM in", " i, .. a ' , it arlil b@ assumed 'tllmll. $he ,cn:os'81 ~'he 'f,sbncs,_"d colours 'for tRIS, Bh~ibimtcn SI,a nd~

Ilf~trv Reud"w,as n e}(remlel\' energ' '·c andenu - nl ng '. am~n'l. Irowceflu I. ini! '_ JIIII gmt ,a n.: II ibem~ed 'fernin ~( I n ~ he UU sWI. - a " .. pe ·Ott In 1 9'216 she moved trom IFranfu~ h)'IB,. 'n 2Jrla C ' it' ." hew O\ffn S.'O\IWO(urrs~ ,a~cng '[he' fioad ~",M " I' .10 ail, ,- " IH,' e S ': Ie i&pla.eci ner 10" -. n lJl nitUF9 15, - . aU ,u .. I fAi, ,- , i:, 05,. and r ,n I~ r 'In'terior ,dleeo~· I j ng bus,in - ~.,~ Soon a ,- t- s, - I . ISle .n ,s,heJ' took Or ,Sf th crgar'1,jsa,~onand rnanag, me 10" -, -lies' archi~,eclUr.a~1 practice. al~end~ng hl ._ n :~! · I 111il;,·, ! "ha'eo ,01.' 0 i'nd k ,i ng t"lirm,i8S ~o ~,I[ o,n \1Vilt., 'mil I d ' ig n l!l "olik ~in - nihl ~ 'L_ was, at-I'Ne)l, In' 93'0. 'ffiQl't1l IB,! I ~in. srn·, O'iF'IQ. nmld tih _' 1ft 'en Dr d ' _I gn 01' Phi~p J oh~ SQrti's N ~ _ "ill', , _ . n -. 'to Johnson dll!Seri- her is ,s:trongll un;p!, ,ssrat. purir _Inrfa~ a ' dtl~... Slid U,al[ ,he iAg~lch«J,au t, :~'B6li· 'fl hiJr ,', The beglru"ung IDi I 'Eh ilf r.) arU1 er.s1tup ,ooinctd ' .', .~~ he rng$'1 ," HJ ' U cl'iIOd

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'G I R. OOtJ;J'led \l th a \:vorl· '_'. ~I. ~ •. oo",ie a~'I,. _ ~ ...

am '.1 u)b' eel ,mos,t '101 .8'tlJng , ~~Iil ot~ .o~ '\ .... I~. Mias sna, ... I in d~n!et. - ,., ,0F the 1e.'I(h~b~OO n ,~th Ln n I R '.' - 1 and., n ,m B 111'1

'IM'-t.'"II'II!1S"" p" . a ',~ ,om tfTl. ··.'-'Inl ." T '_-, \n gNal a · . nd t'~1 choosa ~~ij bl '_ S I~nd del I g~i'i' ~". layo-u r. I~, was '~t "

Ias~'¥ 0 ,'. ,[".-.,.. 01' _ c__,W' I bUln(1l: r\ ~151 - 1,;nd rnnflhisYlc_ ~

- l~hISll![bilion.

'!n rrtO.:' hctise" I_' I es H1iU1 ,I 0' 1 a semi'" 10' d ICOU n~ b ] '1'1 'e ~p~ 0 ~~'D' InQ S - .- W s s-~I ' fr~ ,n kern ~h" Bne ." (ourttl ." I-J1ouse project 10 , ,923,,,,,, he w t~ Sh_ out mf11l1n:der '1M fj '0" ~ Iii f1Q a f ~,h . c'l! 0 .. ness., L~IJy R~ch"s nlode h~ \: I - ecrnoaDlua ~~ .an ,enm ~ '~tJ" UlSU, 011 ias: 'till w \, - I, p¥lCalffly I ' -. tJ, a ong w,a u. as ij to svmbo~f.se ~hei ~ ,arch eols~ C~0S8

lila _ ,-: a Ion.

In the nlnles I· lies slaned work on ·I1O'ln·f 5Pi,llal ooncerJ't _ h~ nas b . _ descri _. as illS lunli'l.~1 ~llce conot!pf' or as a 1 u'ldi 9 ~'-~' H c~e r-sean : lil~dlng,or tl_ ~ ~gl bo:,(' mJlild1i,ng,

. il . on a" .. ""r,[ l'O' B rI~lrl ~,'O slJpervfse 'I e I~ ' .. -sing of ~h e roo~ 0: ;~I his Nt\ \l, N~al ona~, G alle~~ in "9,6,6., ... ies spde ,8 'OUl'~ - ' O'fl. in 0' h.s ~In~~~paoo Ip,BV i J _' n:

"I dOffr no - ~, '" n~ IJ C01?-SCl{JU& prt:JCe;S's.. I hBve s't~.- /'$ III~ ed

NJ' rooms tn L . len I ooulri do ~,_ " " -anted. I O'fileJ1 d~'"'Cug$8d

1!iiiII' liE . I:. JIll

i ~'. lh Hugol Hanng' L _ ,- 0' ,~. rued 'iD realrSt/ It,,, 'L6ISfU~9s~I'O;;n1

lIS IW' cll/tiKI e. And.f s.ald. ~ I' 'ake' . '11' place t)l'9' enough- so til t' o ~. c_· ~j. ,'und as one 'I.e s. not JtI_81' in pmcoru:ei_. d L . i\'irV, 0/ as . D'U Ufl'Bg'IJd' J,r' ,tieing used.-

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~n 193 ~, - sutn1niH,ed an n.t~ in -,he c'ornpe'tittono d!esi\gTl'

. G~an N'aliona' Pa, ~- . n n '~h-e 'tor1'hconr;ing !lnten1at,'onal E.·· . ~'. ~ ~on al SJrussels (1 9 35]1~ One' of t . ,'I sketches 'for'h is PfOj ct S~1QI~iI~ed a s.qUiJlrf:'. 'c.:1r.elr-'span 1)6 i!lion,. \1~i I I t.1VO ,paraUe'l~ ~&1lndi ng - ails. (! in m 9 'I~e central' area., ~n IB,e:rllln lu _.- i 15· bU~lll I

just ~ch a -. avi Ion - the Ne .. 'Na'[ltonal Glaliliery 11 9162 .. ,16:S, lai~d' 55 paraJlel \~ .. an;$ de'fine' 'he central lJiea here as' -, ,et _1_ i.' B,ruue'~s

Iproject I ncun-:ed the Ii _' 1," 0 I. IHIJ~Uer hinlSei1f whQl~ along ~ if

A~ . - . SJpes" ~ iu dgied ~ha' compel rm' on. ~. las ~oo I '. the .. ' recaut ion ,of leav~ n QI Berl~ n fa· a . Jhm Ie and .'. nt, '(101 S_~8V' Ii ~hle house a,f ill

.. JU.1 at IB,o .I~ .'-, n Ithe souUlem Ivrol~

H _ re,. ~n the Austn n .I~ps~ - . S . a'ldled iii ooun, .. house ~o - hi msel'f all t . ~Irance .'0 a mountain pass. His ~ouse . as ~Q h '. e had 1'1 l,~$harJ~ plan, f~h' 'gJale onto a roun and 'ine ends o~ the ·l· . ere also '10 be fuUy 'g~ed so that 'he .. 'ountainCliiS ~afld~ !tape cou1ld booome an untegFB'1 .. J1 0: ~. lin eriQ!r~ M~es ~. pressed t~ ... concept po erfu Uy and $1 mj:Hy in oolnages of the IR1e50 'House PfOJIC~ I 1 938), T ~s house .' _ as looflceived as a Aoa,tlrug.&elf-con !Ei.· di Gige ~ sflldea wn~Cl~ a'lso came ,0 _;res ,j,n ttle 'vr'o I. U,· til i~ r~suat :.1 ~n a dloo'P't N0ty' lcasua~ . I'etoh IlQ r a He lie on t· H!ttsJd@. The, Fa~~lcnh Housel[Ulinors 1'9, '0-,50,) ,_s he purcs Irea111Sa~ion of ttl ~ concept.

In all nese p, _ lions.. I t . ttl •. t h8V' hug t 9roo nd en r a lie SU8'~ pen _ ~ a,Dove It. Ihe eo - ;Ogpl lS the salme - I, single. out. ard,., roo . gl s:Praw., mu ~j,",IPU fpose, classlca1 S1pac,e~ fil if'Q r all~

OCtaSIO ~. f_ ~ el' bed i1 l'S W,., ~refnemring 'the

oom.J rnifhOfniS .th Hugo Hi'ring in the . - r nties,: -

'~, if .' .' " D. '. ~f (J .···"IO,(iJ. (l\r:J'Ing 10' use the ,tJu,lltrJing the way fa I~ ie ~em 10. F~I'8'/'f 'he' ,~tlfifJ;t~Ons awe no'," ea&t1r,cJ I,ef.., ",l1nerJ~· 8~s:o.l t· I ., ilru nU,f ct:}'I1Slan". Our butldmJlS las,f far" ,~. _ '.

t;fln'IJtNIS~" onlw "he lills lJ'nd h, a', "nrJ S1tS'~nlS Kre F ou~' _ SfWCIUI,S I: .... 1 f1.0it. 111(1$' fhlrJfJS. m~ I' mtn, nol~ _ .. 'l,04'consciousJy ~ I ou,~· "'M~ ~'~ -orne ~Ii ateT ,and r:~ WN. 811d l;Jf,gr IO'f!le fOfmtll les lit . - ;n!'O 11. eory. BUI "hese t:hOUfJlhts I . . f(i' 1~4.d OOf I~R'le tJ ~ Itlr/e,." 0

Con 'hlsi,onl

n G ermar " il!:S v,an tier Aa"ll d 10lJeO h~s a ~ cl,.tec~LJr ell - O"ClPI'S S~Oy tv a <I car hJ I tv ::. 'n h . Vl S sans II..., •. t hmt ,m eo- , ~. ~ Id b , - no fUrlh f, h mo OOI,tUl 'II.) d·_ e,~gp

' .. 0 . In Am 'ca,1'h eOIll- . ,ts ecame . Hidings. .. bu~ h-e' I' a S1 ~y,rula~ w Ilia, ~ ng S~"I ~he l af V. 'I!l on tho

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Th~s simp'r, '" su!burban neuse wi'th a I,am'ge' balY "" ifNdo W',S -'" d~ ~n ~he 'velar tlr:i~l't IMues designed his secen -_ !~-~l '," ,skvsc',er. The die'~",'t. as G _ org E,"'chs' a - J~ a publis let:s c1e ~,

Tll,!' originalll clluSfwings" Si'Q1rtsd by 1Mi -:_i. a:fe hel d by' ~:he lS,au 1SUS, Arohivl6!' if l B,G:rllin. M tJcih ,o'f' ,-: h onllgill,slll pai ntled decor c I~' st~I~II: be e.een in' 'he! i n'l,en ors,

....

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l IL g lroom 4 IOhnD- fOOtnil 5 Tai,

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" Plrl re:nts/ Iroo _ 2$anl·',s, f-oom

:3 D!~J!Jgh'te'f 's ~ " - i-aidis IiOOm

,5 IG'UciSt room

18, 'BaIMI

VilLA E~CHSTAEDT'

" G reu nl(!, ifIoolr ~~n ,2 Up a" =too. p 11

3-61 Olngl fl'r'al el!va.~I(lns d~'i~~'le!S wl1lfi(!'f' Rot1e 1 F,mnt Islevatlon

ViIlIU'h lPQu:.h ext'ens mn

B SI Cling dO'(u' ~IO d~nm9 If;oom 91 Bay ~'ndo.· '-0 I.iving focm

.

- .. ~ .......

.. '" 41".",

I II,' "_ C ~n'~ I. h -Olin, -_, 1 'k I

and m~' 10 .. p~,U:t ~dl fa o'f

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VilLA PERLS

N- i~:I11,~ -j - r-'--'- Pots

I.:.:_ .I~,~ --' 1_ . _ II! '.- .ILYi!.

01 - ,:nI1IO =- - ,lI ~iPJu!b' lc

Vina, t\:os~e~ w S ttl· ~l1nd house that ~fes bUilt in Po rsdam. its p ~e Jllek",-, 0 ,nd stlP~ pltchd root gjv;- il . OLllch characte nd the decor _hv railing 10 the 'TOni door siees tlild '" ~conv abov .dd a It, 'I"ant~c. A [ Nouveau elemer1t IUnfonu"l ,'[el mll.- Sinn 1,9\ S\lmme'~ric I

st eet eL\lat~on has b n de'falced i V the ard i,hon ot a rH~;\' \! _llIont d or and (rarne, The hou e -,' oveno oks a lak~ and t ne gfi 'en elevaition ~s 'grac d bV a pru~~_ red log'gia. t; is now ,a district cl1i~drl n's nursing horn, ~

,

35

5

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, , 'ul Ir'lgiltl:: '- 1- C

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'VILLA UIRIBI~G

5

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uil Ifchi 1 c~Lle II Iin.

: 'n, lilm :n 1 .' 1 .' '1 1 _I •

MI

'Offi:'~e BI- ~~-Idllilnc- f,- .:~·2,1I) 1

The 101'. S',~· 0 i ice Bui,lditn'Ql '~ as . '] :ie: ,I' enl-' ., in tl1'8

Fnedrid' S,' ~ se C~om,:. - '.i . io 101 lea 1ft ~ 922'. lit, -'--. S a ._ : ,elJ-s. pp-o:rt ec com -.- r'·I--. en s nd ,a~ll~ --'he ntrieL' e,.,.tu n tied I!n BEnl·n.· I"es ~~rtl~T ICDlmp~alin.:·: tha,t IlD one

"~ = l_ .' id II t 'e .. '[i:on :0 Ih i 8 of 1 erlrngl ~. ld it r,eoei:ved no

_:_' . rd .. In l' ,l,~e said:

"8,,- ' eose I '-fB' using' lass. I ',a,-: , ". ious Iro' . lJ,Ol::

',::n:ormous dea' su ',8 .. ,'.'5 re"7ecr'n,~ -00 rnuch 1191 ,t. so I' , . 'ro 'le Il' e ,~. 'Q. '0 :s ,a Iltdel tn pIa rJ so' tn t lIght could, ':a.lI,(J'n them " r ell '~,- r}" ngles: li Ie cryS'~ ''I. like CU"'""ayS ;al That . ·S eRhifJ1iterJ in 8er11il' In the

, ~/. The (JUS '. de:"gn in '0 lJ' da '. com Jr.

- l!J'. ''he 1 ,ought ';1 ,~s a jo', B. ~ I· 1

SI " . . -' 'I. ----. I .. ral R·!fie.. . Dece mil: ~er 1'96,8,. I

.. ;

G"I-' .·I~·'·~~ S····:k",'V'· sera . f' ,-1.90

Il_,!aISSI~' 11_ \<' i!!J!!'_-;'- •. ' - _ '_::: 1- , ,~~

. he second QI~ 5k /!iel :p. Mie dSI'QllOOI was b an

- -

Imagi.llV ow Idesl si~e.CCClrdillg (0 .. ies, its lac~led

pi n was b. 110 n aos ilrl.lilrarv - it was a se ond e.1 erinll!ml 10 lesl 'the refle,clive QuahlV or tass cWlain

valls. ,''te,' SlI~d:

l' mod 10"'0 " ~ . ,,;1 ~ SJ ~ 11lJf teaS ()i. 9'1~1fJSS an djus ifNi,m'y

strips ot j~S$ 10 IhB figh . and tl " pusIJed ,1 em fUlO ,fne pfllSllCm . filMS cr ih floOtS. Th. 'f 9 n'IU Ihe CUR . , ~ '. , Il d no - ' u: teSsltJnlS,l in len uon. I ~- f:an~ed If 0 s1,o~ I

tbe _: ~.1e'on., and IlhfJugh'l th t the ' .····s, 1 ••. uld _:~ , .I

SI" f{J1 I ,'0 ,put' a glass s dn' 01~ · r MI~, S~Jea kSF .. A rdJl.·ecr~/ral R' e -. Doc:enn·.. . 1 9SS;.,}

, ies as'OO a 5ClIlp'IOJr Iln _nd 10 m,ode~ .SOImn. trpicallBerlin houses 1[0 Ur.e so ~ 0' his S vseraeer model so "hat h~s

tru~d~ng could 1 sho.\ - n In cant

0" r;.~' ru'. a econo,mv~ Bro'ac/., Ilgl1'iOl,"S CfJ._ un

bra" n_ , ut I llc-u~ .1,1,:e{/ .: A", 'l'n : IQ the 01'9 ... ts uo I "'If

IL~.J'_""~' :l-', lim' " '~" t . i I }"nnll, " 1 . $" Tn

nl 'en,als:' concrete'. SI:, I~ glr_ ,$:5. Ii l,nA reed co'nc, e

S',1fU· tu~' 'S : " ~ '. ~""Ions,' n' ' ,t{J .... o .. 'In" .' ·.Ii . ,

tonress COl/urnl1S c.n,· ,/~ rs ,ellnlinl ,~' esr« rJ' Will"/. 1

IS is skm, nabone cons I ruction .. · (6! No l' ~ July' - 23 .. )1

OU

o . . \i\ftr'O . ~

, . " ·1, 58 -'.

. i' S dlf - , 1110 pi n, but the budding s, un,der. tcod .0,

I -0 mo _: ',C " lui r _ nlrJ COlJn r .

'~l

Blr~".-;.:;: C .• ·~'·IUI· House 1(1[92,3;),

The '0 coun ry house proJect .. " 'enCl.psul.~ ted the. i,cteas . dire to on lor', e modern houses he u _I't ',' Gu ben

and '···r[! eld, is fe' ,a ~c laus, ug·~. 'lal and t .

B'8rcel,ona Pl~ .. irlon. The'S. ie' C,olu,"ryHoUlS8' pL ",.'. I .' ,if' rilghtian coun.ry h~use~_ core 0' f'OO' ',', sere 'C ned ~ om one a no ih r '. The lUI' irt 0' d!es~lgrru ",a-s, no 10, g, ' he· Q um'e of i~' a rooms, bl ; ,- e ,~' -s ',an 'g. ,all

~,ch _ rOIIh,e' lenclolu ':: ~ 'Sill ,Ii ng OUI ~ benfr 'hi he d· ,. . _'f. in:OI t . [Ian, - caple

fh'i s cone' ,pt of an arc' r"ec'nu-

" . an' 'el ad "rl ~ .. - ~ .. - d n'QI " ~I nl." 0 nJan '

pan <n ,1 "18" tllr: . I. 0 ' ant .. In· r 8cl, '.5 '~Ul,relm . rce1Ion·. P'a '~Ol", of 1/ 912191.

, 1

'0

. fQinz· - odel '- s made' . Raul, ar~. s, and

- p, '01' • o'mo ,'algie' techn qu'.~' I 0 g'onr; t h ':- lOW . In

SI'U. . m- 'Grae 1- VI~a' II hi·" nO' 0 ra . r .. )

'!J.

r'rmnl-' , r tu in'

Th.. J I . ·'usln

I ,' .. ~,ge". In - r dt ,II,

that I n - i' .~. ci I consoouso e55 t lWO "h the 10<',_ of . 'mp C~

, r1~~ fron ' ' 01 tl e n -1

anc

This d

,,' n·'

ith a

- ith he (,. ri : 'al s ~

-·Ie ndo --,', '~. = ne a B - Iish n~ Isnufa1cturer's

~ ,'ch b Ick j_:_ I ~ U at..

- I. CQ,mmu '~gar,-n,.

_ nis e S I a <"~ I' iil:- .' proved I'la,1 h cou~d ':-: i~,

as cheap ,5, hf- rad"cal con-I'empow;~ r'es" The met '0.:_ o

" ens ,nJ,-~On asra, ,'i and the Igen1er: s ,_ pa - <OJ<

m :" - , ; S I lie s 'ill _ ~II ' a > I pi - .

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m ~,

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ApI = , ... -~~..., .. B· nek 11927'

~ '[BI~~~-s;e'n - .. if. ··.,~f_:~g: lit, Fedle'~al-I R·)I) Ibllii.c

101'1. GeTm'·i· -·,Y

. ei: Je·· hof

rh 0 ···;n~

, W~SI n d on ._'!WI......, 'g ~ Eli - II 'he e~ !lent's h ~ ·-1 D[~c -~ . r .,)1 il10

1

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3

,'Iutz (':_.~::( 8:)

_ Ii ."' I·· 0 rol nnln I proJ': ' t. Hie iilQI'ored he c~'o _ ~ _Imo" e assi OIl p~an propood' ':1 t e C,i~ 0' I B. -.!~ ,us' Ii . 'In ,1 en ry 'on co i,d~jon b rne comr U '0 iury .. S, ra~ S~ e .·S ,~ed Iintl AII- and's _, p . t nd . I . S - IPOS _'. I 1'h t a c rcetar IraHi"c is and unite ", - II. . -10 . t eompe ~tlOrs 1100 ~ rne c Ii 'c ,e :' [he' basi lor

the:r. archr ecural de lop, nt and cI. 5'g1_ ··ulldings II

around h·,. B ·1: 1- J J".: crea c. a ceen,

ss mme rie sosce 10 impre'ssr e pro onions nd arte'l _J -0 Iml, D' _:: order on the :hrlougl1 . lei

.

pOe I Ion n· n I. roupi 'c' 0 h' - In :s.,

-I

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1

He held II is I OiliOl11.1n II h b eem ,vic 'pr",iderr 0

D 1C' f Werk!llll 1 il 11 :2 6 2111'1. ' . ut in ell II I" I

me nhaf, !'lIb] ,i ~ It

,1-'1 ,al~:sIIO' t.h' alass e' I ibit" ,hib~,t, ' , ere of' sil c.

th,

-T~ :IN· - I /HI8~TION

. II

j - alii

__ Igne. )"

["AC LO

It

,5

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- I

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- --~ canlil C L r

Mi .. s '~~"n d.·I~ IRche' first beeam '. in;volvoo \ ·.lin'l IfUrrll'i,Ulr_ ·n 11905 'V h,s:n ,hi' \1. as '. s.k ._1 to d h1il' ':hs' ,. DO·len fUlnn is h~ln s S of all m, e'ti ng ha II i rl ~ hi ,BIB'Irili:n . oroug h IC" IRi_· orL He' soon jO'in,ed BrunOI lPalul"sa1.,eli If in orde'lf to S.'{ . JI .. J' . vood .. n fUi m i'tute' des igf'. 1M ies ds.i. n.. dI '.~ o'm e fu mli'tu ria ["0 r all~~ his ",'~ he l 5' 5,! pal jcu la ~V orr au s

'lem, er he'r '~he' diningl - oem ,ch· irs callril 5"11 be s '. ·r~. ~ Orr H;JUS Tuglen ·Ihat h -.' .~ .·s~gn d I.' v 'Irv'thingl.

I ...• i as! ij rsr sal - :j e' i n'['01 'flu ifn 1- UIF = dl~siglnl fo r fTt· S5 prod uetliJfon C]I,e, a'~ \t\fei,ssE!'nhcd ~ _I the, begl~nn·lng 01" his success ul' 'Inner!; ,j,PI ~vith LillV IR ·,ich. H -. ~'h war d Sir_ " ',the' ust CBr1'1'~ille:'f@F chairs - tlh,s no'~ Icomll~110n,p -,ce

- Ik I' ,- a h' - 8" ..... ·..... ~·~lll"inlll I nih nlU'1' " e . \IF!ir,.,Jld· dla_

t1J u u a r 'steEh Ie, - 1IF~5 U·!CU ",[ lIW'~ ~ I' ,~v :_ ~ '" i'~ ". V-IM _ " _v-

. ~t'DP ·1 S "lmlulJ . neaust" b,\~ I ... ialn ,S~illnll .. n.·~ ~;·8 rca·1 B,l'ieu e r, -: wle ~ 'Iproduo - '.' '~Ol versie ns (ll'f' ,8 car '-j 1'8Vie:r cha,i r ~:nflo:tll .. MIA'- 01 and '_, R 'j!'Ot whi,ch ~l're flts,t: shown at \r'~ ~. isss nho~' 2n"d %L' ich he IMall'l, ~ glad! 'tal ,pait:el'll ~ AI: ho'U!gh 5,(3n1 IS Cf .,~: .. ·th the in.~ni~Jion 'talnd MI'iIQS

. . . . d ' . ~I h-; , .. , ." I to 'iii" , J&r.. f~,"1 .' - t-'IO' n,g +a1n·· t.." ~ if!' d~ ,~ "'g-" n never. enh:AJ .IS ,- 11'1 ~. ~I ~I 'I. ~I~I _:. " ~I!I.~ I' 'II~ .. ~_. ~

Lillf.er ~ lies p,r·· ... _:uced fUl1hs,' wlrsions, of h~s can'nil,e¥er chalir: mDdel~s MR 3'0 and R '_-,O ,OlfS more deap-.sieat'.edi and mcdels MR 100 and -" R 1'110 311·e reclinilng veirsilolnls

-or Haus Tugerdlha't IM~e'8 I~.'esilgned ,an Ulpriglh'i- ,ch!.r fnrno~'11 I. R, !50)~. alnd an eas.1 chall-"wi'~h and' wil'(hdu't amrm -es'-s, b1nooe Is IR: 160 iJrnd ~'.< IR 10t The' T llIgencf . '·a'~ 'hJlm't~ure has nO't _·.~an as sucoess'iu~ as 'he' Balrcl,lonl2i f _ 1m rru e: ~'hOlusands, o'f Irep rodluc'tions of '~htel 0 "tomaln tmode~I" .-IR 80)1 and the chair (moch!!1 ,MR 90) Ihavs' be'en sa,lld~

In its sta;nl,tJss s _le8'1 ven;loni1 'th,e' B,lrree lonal chair has beoom·e a malSStilrodUioedl pes'jlge sym'oo~l", IEven 'loda\~ . he - _ e~dilngl of the' ~oin';s, Cllndl lpolishirng ol'f 'he 'falrne lis mos,Jy Idane by n:alnJj and the c'haLr Ii,s c1rrie~sJedl €lIS, ,ltn anadllicn'i'sm~ I, has ibel'n fargo.llen 'thill' ~hllchair ;.a8 orig~nally die-signed as a ~eremlDni(l111 5,eat wDIAJhry 01';' thiS ~oyBl Ig~lnce' ,I'· BC8~Qlnll .. 1:'1 Will'S: neve mliBan,-' '~Qi be

.!i""'\Am, c ID' :!IJ~'I~'

r~ I.~ ·~~u .

Un iii MI> e s sig"ed a can ra C' wi'ln ThOlfUBit .. Mu ncus of

ZUlrich in No\tlemibe,r 19311 .. aU tus h",mr"una Will. manu'fJsc- ,;2'

tyred in Brerl~lin~ ,1'1 fill/It in·ha·· MilS dBSC:1f'ilbed ss ill s.mall~

lee . sm ·~h I 5, snap = ,he B.rI inal M,e',~' 'I~I gil·: .. arb ," ',. JQ~n~j,f

1- uu.er~lt1e soop~s tlechnmClII'malna,~lelr,. eSltab~~ltled Ih·5, lown f\i1Ffn ,and, ilfIJ 1193,1 ~ apen- d,ash(J~-n)alm da.stgne·.' by Mi,es. :Mifeg~ o'lce! df8. UPI tn'e s~~es C8,ta[~OgllIN! for this new .;llrm -'{he Bambe·rg IMi~l~ welrks.t'~·.~8n~ Wheft,h.,r 'l'his .,n{'fle rine' of f"ul'1niibJliie -.- 8S ,part of ~he Thenef~, CQn"f;ct is unoenain" The' 19~. The,ne. af!lJlloQlue lists on [he' 'I'u'bullar S. e e, ch, i rs, wiutn C8lni ng ID'rfamlIMlc seallS: and bar3:S,~ ·aln~ In'=1 reefning Ic'nair tmtt_ 61,1' IM!R: 1 (lOll., Th,is lim~rta - .ro'nl m ~ Y' hW19' hldi pelilti:eaJII a'S 'weU as eemIMlen:·lill reas'ons~ Si nCB aha r 11933 "he N ..1 IlBglim e . iisa,~p'lo¥edl QII m 1·1 ~ulmiw~re,.

Ul'ty Reien alse desiglned I:U c1j't)U' e, T1" ... 1 Inallur,-. 'af h.' 'f collaoora,bon " · .. i~tl, IMi.~fS m'~lkes Iii nanly ilmIPQs.sibt·.~ in, some' J).ru'llilm~niuv' s .·e'tches~ 101 ·.in - r: int whi£h ili>e!··ls cam .. ' flf,om whic~ nan"

1-3 .

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Dur~ng "mCOI""

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"~in-ni, 11 rcapea" Gu,' nd K ,'~C- ",e,e' one

h lOUS~- 'rl~C:! I se II'

, "'Illig n a' ~'CUII 18' ,'0 'i!IU t. Mi,

\tVrighfs gllih 0 nlt - rating his rctutecture 'd in ~h

n -n

I ,cor -IU::: ,.. t GLJI n

"e ~In I in -' -- dr '10'

hi 1- .~ I, -re ,II m on J fro'i

per:sonaU ua e II rd 'to ~I,e 'ri'c~helld ~IO ,i~lSp,'ct every of e'_'! ry flirin"1 Ii ' olJidler~o chooss ,,_n, m ':eh 'he

In I rast [0 I u ,I u: onk of tt-ue' Communst rller'lonal~ he' bricks in I'he ~ ott Hou' e"- ere srnoo 'h and I~' I 'i a rei n, _ manne(~ remln ,S ,nt of D ok ri _ u's

ID, ,J - -- au Id n ':_ s _ in'[f:> the' I-III' i -, e Ib

as P ~ 0 h ',all plane' as destro ed du ing' U, Second

, -'I fI -:,

fnlm up - - r -I 'r - rr ce

H US' .OlF

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sij~ in a seL- -I .' , of Krelel

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Sj! e .' up 10 ...

'nt nal' ·,aliis read ..... ~ screens .

. n· S ored I .: '., 1= al~n i

asa iase-

... lc ur~l " indo. s ··n tne o ~. Ibut,o" ~

II

2

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"' .. .II'£:<'''=-" '. car'etu I, ms t,o~ . d.bu 'he grou" d . "t's· "as . esilgnel it Durin9 ile b, r . _ as Iins' .' I~ ed at one end lof the nd il as la~:r enclosec 10 form a

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o· : .: nlng cerem,ol I .. us

'ihado' ~s ca' b _'SOipl' n'e ~n' ~n

I, urin,g ·,e e'=c 0' I~t.

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1. e - sirs, very h' :Ie . I. eo' glnalln~1 :, - ren° ain ~I, I', " t

~ ell '" in ~ '~ ,IF rernes . ~ asn leOI ,alc,' : I b G P

frilnl = ': h \~, Id . ~ n1Ulihons tbu '0110' Irtg the - arne ,"altem of ights)l" There tla e been some .. ~ etiltion t,IO . he' . n, le-soace tac ,0' _loe': som indo s I' I' 1-. Ir.l

•. --0' _. and -:d, liol ~. m d, "

SlllK IIN~)iIUS AV COI-

PliE

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; 'ichs: ~·'Jn, p'ojectanl Ii ono-'· ~alil .j, E, U-l'd Ilud!

,'S -, d . lU, :h Slm'n~

REIFIELD

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U"LDIC-H- LANfGE 'OIU·S"e

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Ulricl~1 Lr,lge H'o'- -S'8 (193.c-:-.')

h L nge' a 111it¥ of t<n!rf~ - ~f€'re verv kind to Mues cit nng heN d..;. ~ , e . f'S T n,,~, ext lie I 'dl!Jt$~Ir,a IlcSI' S SOln. Ulrich, comlnlllSSloned M es to desl'gn his 'OUS -, and t\! _'0 sc -ernes \t ·en~ pro'}Osed" Ths rst ·~o1c, V\ ~ S Slill Ir~~p~r-ed b I· - e Cone ' - e C CUJnu'V 1,0 lise ~ the' divrsion mto pa te \ ~ngs: \l\fhlle '[he second pro~ en came closer to he ctassic - 1 iesi. n COLIrt ··h ous:e' - the con In '_

menr \- nh~n a Sit, e rectangl .

N,ei~her seherne was " ullt becaus-e th,. local authon'tie.s ,rl!,futSed to lssu -': I pertnf unl'essl lhe house- as hi delfl,

'ii-O~ 1 the str'ee,t bV _ ' n - 811 t, berm ( - nd 1fl11cds'm archit,eclure '\ -, as ib.al ned' In 'I 9~3). II'~ ~s ntlel'ie~,-','ing ,'0

note tnat inl each IP loject -~here ,lire 'twO' beds ~In 'nhe main bee room and the beds ,couf - be ,scree'ned from one

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Brussel'ls pll_ 'lui'l:i1on I( 1193:4)

I~es van der ~oh. IS'_:' :miru!d: en I: nli~' in 'the! com lej'ticn 01 ~ ~rg , ,hie G 'm'sn I:, tf,iQr 81 P--,'~liie~A "t d1e f'O,rth~ ICOI il- 9 BI '. ·,,-'-:,Il-II~ " :;-'"lon,JI ,- ,Ihilbi'~ ~n ('1'93:511 .. H _:'" 1C'"'fll

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It ~rig room 1001 • I'g ~ - 'h th~,ougrl W,I ndo:.~

:) 'V~ .' 'r '0 lin Intr:nor

A lang reci Ingle in plan. the hOuse was -·es~gnedo bndge a mllr,a'c . ;115 st e,l and woodlrame res~lng on t (}I piers and on pi atlorms on 91~her she e. (,Thes p1a,t~a rms repl,ace - an Ie --,Ist~ng blldigle structure In order to bnng the house cl~ose ~IO the glround.) ~t wes 'to have een shBa-h d ~In CVlpress pian~ngi wrapped roune e~thler_nd and 'tun--d bV 'two indented stretches of 9'~ass. lin erposed ~valls sub-dividl dl ~he I~iving area which o'Hered '~'ranl_d vi,e\l\s 0' d,e moul'~ainolis lalnd!~a:ape and stream,

In 119\37 Mr and t\ hrs ,'taniiey Rlesor invi'ted 'rv1~es 'to d. sigln a vacation house for t,- m at Jac so'~ ~Iollle,. \-_,~ol"ing," He\A1 n~ [Ic'the IUnited Slta'tes of A,n11' fica on a pl~ulO'nged vis,i,t (a ~ e:·~ns~es paid bv.'[h~ R:esor~n ~nd

irst ~·,sj"ed -'he W\(o'~nllng slit' .. ln Ne \~ Vorlk hie IDJr'l!-pal'isd

th dm~ t. lingls ~, 'ith t h .. ·1 - II I 0 ~ l':~O Ame riC81n 11.9.')(- B'i3IUheJ,us

S'tudents't Johl' Rodgers and . -_11Ii'a~-' P ilest~y.

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ADRIAN GALE

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. MI~es bUlridliAgl I,i .:5, an 'tlle ;·unace erf '[hl!' ~lrtUh '~wthcuJ!l~ loo'''lpmm iS1- '. 1,1[. ,~; 'elMands ;a'~.'lern.'~i an, Iecusss 'the senses and., lilts fn In,v at rni ~ 'QlelO iit deflies, l~eaISon.. i her s:r 'Ie lis, sl m,p~le' a Ild' di liec~ ,lfJ'ndi mOm"ls 'their; ,0 ~ .~'., tJlrc hi'lett s h'a~8 ml sjudgred 't he S~I:a:'eg", IDl\f' - ssJUrm'ing it to be as Ichri!dish as m~.IOQ,I .. · s The PFOSt' snotJld ~J\'\tlir!1 '. ~ .. ar~'ed '["1'M ';

'1,I1'le' tong .'pfJ$h lrom fTUfr:OOf!J1 t:hftJtJg'h IOflr;tir:;n ,to· ,cre;rlwe won" las ()ft/V ,', ",ngle' 'lIrJlJ/~" to CT _ ''e ,Otdll' 0", f tJ,' ,the' lriespem,t'e

Jl!i'V!iii!'lil'~ '·lP.i.n~ ,nl' ,ru.1i\ :i-i~Q ~ ~ M'I '. _- - ii!iiI"~dl Ii!;;.·~. • .11 ...:Id'

'!I@~\i!'iI!',~;U'~~UI~ ~" lliiirl~' ~h'f<"","~ I' 111~ 1(;HlI,u~:· ms nnmug1u,alJ aee 'f:_5S, 'tD

't:he AtmQUIr' Instl'l'.ld:o of TechnDlog~·~ w,iU~ [a SOOh~lfl.'Ce ~ll~'~' ImIUS'~ 1ha¥~ :sen~. a ',,~ 8,Vi!' 'Dr 1~ .. ~,ln~c thlr-o'ugh 'the au;~ ilene-II: 'N(Jl~liIJJ' cal:}! ,~- rJre~s f~'e aim and meanifli9' 101 (/)'fJ'Il 'f) .bettle-#' tban ,'''6' (»tJ . Duna' - . (JiftJs. 0'" ,S:r AIt.JgtJslil1fJ. , .' B:e8uQr is in! tl~el splenr10 'r 01 ,r ttlll,. ~

'he thin'k:inQI tJehilnd ~'rffS' 8f,Chi:tecf's ~,',OF;1~; is Jlab[n"~e~ ~-O'I1~O~ 11u.~ed and i'n~cfn5istent. The f',r:ag,me:n~ed ICO.I1'lmeirrutaries Mal' e ~11_!'e' CiIMbj~ w,n .. .lJ1110'ne mm in d's oneli8~lf' f~ ml U1i~lS, is a noo,dlass,:~ClII a~cht~tml: atltt're.ssi'ng lh~mS8If' '~o hljgh . _1f1t nOI: a rail ~ g:1l0Us,t $tJJJQQ m lilrliQ ~th 'tw!elrntJiet~cent·lJ'!'i 't~lOO'U'J~!~. In lin ArQ'IJMCfU1t,1

. ~ ,goeia,lon O~L'lifJ1-&' -·idle t)n IMtes lit, the B,;UJlh us, S~dlra HQftli!Y '~·eUSl us' '0" ~Iis .~ .. lrabl!I' ,of tItle ~wo' sis~e'fiS~one ug!ly, lene

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belul- iU It bUl~ IQ'~hl ~ise 6q'1J81 i n ,e~'~' n!specn - w ~Iich wou~a

Ihe st~d'~n[ cnoosJu '1\0 .m'lr~'? - which. flV m,w rr8ckonffingli MirtH 'Q[Oit wrong I~f' ne na~ beer, SI~l~cU'lg;e'() on ffiicJC feiity tI~es he 'wou~a hai_ e . '. ,nD}hm 'fI~I'1 ' ! :U!' .plliin g·lft balfom8s bea I]!H~lJ: whe'n kicSS"~: b~ ~. ~ 'I' pmin,'me ..

Of nea'Cfi~ng he .gp: 'IElJJ1l:afion n,ust'~d us 110m ifRJJl(llJifliblei (JfJiniot1 ·to 'rue ,f8-sptJMi'tlle'/u*ment. ~ M!os:t GllIUSr .' "nJ!idag~ee

. !;dl 'thlis 't;ul would., IhClWe~e(l, lbll' rless 'Ihartl IlidRlifY ". JIlt)~ ~I~e' !IDCii~i'Qn cd t,ne two deJ!llfl:munlis "n 't~e A J~SI . l11d .rcl1'i'I!lCtulfe' .wUt:fng lit 'tme' 1I1Un,oi,s Illns'~itu~: " o,f r_flnolcg, lum; Onl' oon n,-e' ~ci(nJI\, wel~II!~, ground ftDm, ,~rnlrd' '~ne fi)ther lA ilhe' bas -m_nt

~ . . . ~..,;T. ,tf'iI, ,,~;

"' ,~tJcatiQn' .. ~ . l~ he: 51."15\, "rnu. IfNJd us ~\r'G'm ~'f/Stlce' l'n~l ,R'~-

,'flJtineSB lO m;tionm 4'611-" ,,_nd'ilJ'lte:trec'ru,1 Gffle1. ~

Tile, st:ee1-:r rame bui Idilf\QI nas 'two P~QI10Ull1ted I~hllraa~e ri stIles:, ane, 1: laok:s e ··tfle~1UJIIy JI~ega~m:, Illnd~ ~Wli il~ Icu'lllIpses m,JtcItJ, lIn I IV. So~ lineM t . hi, I ,ts, pillee In'·· e s,t~eme' of '(fcal~AIS, ilS a~ th-e 'oolWm oj J)I,e pike .. prupping iI primljl.", m"'BgiYment A CGru~:~.·:l , ~lfiJme also hll ~ ma~1n eharac(e'Mll!ia: en~·" Ilt has Jdlulrrks,' ~ppealli"ar1.~ as the! r£A" IS 1192\3, Q1U'ice blDCk p.jec1t illluSlJfatl\IS. a~~l'twei 1[, MS res iSlance 'i~ Ii B. MI~ls van aer Ratie mtf1bin,e,s I'~e . dYInmges al ooth!lf lihue by sc~l1Qthem tqJ ~ 'iher in his is! 'or~ mUll;." star:e, l~rutectS .... ~l1e 1)h,icago &omn,culw'_·., 11th ,ilpltlmem'~ Selgram 'n ,.Irk ,Avenuo and '10 ()M. Jhw has line af- tmt gf ,redu£iJfiG thtt'ra£a 0,1 .he ,teel oomPGne M'$ ~o ~·p~li.ed Ideoor.aionl: an aSsa .. h V. ' I" lin1izJ ,~~ tog .. Mer. D[' an ~t1lricallS t,eetitltca lamoJlatkfn ~nat i5IQr remOV'ool from thl' $OUFe8 G,f its, 1" etu:af tv _ . . IJks w.st,.i;t I. eme.Ats (:). ,;I Oo.ri£ enYtJilat1ure. tHe l' ,lis us~ ·At mis ptJIntfiJe pmblfl'm 0' redh~ rJf IiOn~ SPuCM:Jin miseS. we BhIJJI. be f:(fIt1(;fJmed mill, geAlMc fJ~ - PfotJlemS r:rJlBletl' to 'he - rue anti ,fJ1;J,rtJ!f)S-fJ' or ,(JUt tGChntJ/Dg,.

~ shaN mow thBl QJdJl!JtI/Qg, no' ICJ"~ prom;:.. §IffSIllUIS,' andJ1l;lWflt but alsrJ invt:JiRls " 1JgMS: t , jpod ,and ,evil ,I ,. "Iv

"D il tt:J ,sll'huffllJll' .:tifJn$: lim' ., is aUF ,MSk rD In . Ihe flfi/'lrl'

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UG'IiASIOn

he c,o,ns' JnJC;~lnn li"!Ioil m i"'\C!i II! ' I ~~i'"i;-t-1I1i!!' Ie ..... 'eell k· -.. -

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surctnO:~-l& und mg~~~:lions. parm:u:)Jj~lrl~y -! . OR: Qr~ glass. ~I~.~ e d II

woull'if'I eiii!rii . ri'il"lil 'iII:L.!!iII1t M· ~e'~ ~~ !I".~' ',\~ ,'. ., ..... ., . . ~

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tYJle-S, of' slt~_uc~:ur ,'" ,Sit ·e~1 and g~;IIS. Ih'l"Il is a ICo:~e 0" gfa~~ numoo"1 d ~ 152" wrucfl puts IdfChir' -·tts i;n II posi'lion cJ CUI ~.~ , Ie nlwle'spol1~mbdU:v If "hey use g~a!is at hJr 'iJ ~._ -:1 in 'h;cuJ[s;ing 0 ~m. a con~et ~.'. he'~e' t~,e 'yculng ,twli9 flroNiO 'I ng I,~ li .. 1 tech" ~~ Ihlb ~. ,t, CJ.lr1 Q~' 'whicr~J F1''U;')st, but rOOna~lnl" no~ ,;111, ,Slrchl(ef!'1'51 are a~ I~I!, (l'n:d, F' has, obvioys; ,EI ~ stJ1lellc Iconsequ ene,· . ., ". hich MOS', but Igalinl MtOi~ alt engl!ge. Mj,. e,·,p!;allfi'S: Wem'u',J' u.rJdet.'llnd.l'h(J' m'Otive;&; ,nd ,rOl'C-eS fJ',Qullrime ,ana ,"';lyse ,~1M1f ;Sl:ruClUI.' tmm IrI~f8e tJOlnl,ts ,0" ~iew: the mslff1na~ me lunC.iffj,n'a, ,aoo me

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'~I Ute ecn.uJs, D'f' M'~es \tan d'QIf Rohetsr . od,. '~he~e· alre' seJ ra'~ town Jl1larrun~l1gl pl~Q,atl,C -,5 CI~ ,asse'l1I\fe Il'JteQCII6S ital b:~Ulntnss - an d hJe re' ~I ,; m ~"~n! ""'"D [pelRi cu~ ~~11y pi tlh e '9;28 re:mode11lh f\~1 of the 1 Ji'nrdor;plal[Z in Eh!lr[li n - S ~ -Ie ·bUt' s un a Il~ ~,I... urbln en~,il[Oln1m1! . t Ifoo'.·slm.s'O on· 'by an II']IWlma~l in ·,n.', ,r81l"1 'mh\, tnrUJSi'( ~ f!l1-'gsl, b fll~e{$Ulmed 1 11l-! 'si!~e •. l1e!bn irf . 'Mes a ~ ime I fIT camiP.U, andl '~he t~ icagol £,011/"8 ~ .' ion Ha'U' ,of 195'3 alii ~ WiI' QIF,DUI1r1cJ.lew!IJ ilng UflDel1a:Jing,S1~, Idlecn'lances -halt PWl ~ lij' ~ pllnll~.

plnlSl~rU! surl1r:iN:e ~DJfi ' .. ufla~nr'l " pon" As t~l! IPJ~ieClm Inc~.' SH' lilMI sca~: ~' tihl\~ beau'nv' l.)eoomlSS morel.. ,pheme!ill ,0. '11M e Q,f;'i.. bannet mQlre V1tOlQ,riSIIil O'f11 'the 'O!! '_sr;, IO'J"II £100' s',paces hiJm~h,' .. ,-11ih workem,c I~NC'Ull'les liiedbI eru., a, u[~I~ owe.r10 ru!S orF the' 1S1lcenttll~ \M'1~ h.s :IEM~fjCl!S amd ~~S [lron ~n,d,lJlstnalli(!lCn~OJn- ~... lifne as 1! '._:. '., in the $reagraM 'Bu~lldinl '.: hi(' . t~hsfie' . e~ ~~BaKJ nOI '~rst~QI't In;hij'tJ~fo:~61~ Ifn:e usa o:~ sin;gr.li ~il~ited g '5, su.;gests tr,at .

CfHl1IC' m'WI, s mDi~e· ~:O'f h ma'l' 'e n~e'l1ngl ~he' IbUlldi ng '~~ ttl ,ief!i' : gIRt.

lin' 't~e., IJ-=. In :pr-ajllK,tSli,"ne 00':" ~ IblJr~aij~9's ~dl Ih,eil~ PrQlihlf,~IO" '~imld very ~ntl~e ,bilCk..!!Jlp in the a!ssaRio : 1 '-It: ~-e SMll e/Q'min\I' ~. ' .. ' :by g"e ·re~"tl,"~'llon tlf /j' IJwlding ,nfllitBie II' IS)j biJiSIS IOf Iti-rm ,j nr. C0111e\1 audl the su'~lru~1~ngs ,of U1el.···· ifI ·,GUefS8S COU d ra$Olnidl~¥ irn~,e :8: i BulJdings of stf)Jte ,8JS 'Wli/l' wblfns','llINl~,.eI;/lg the:,avpFes8 ... Libal : fte, ,~·.11', .~.fts.~ - -

to, rDUilg . l,.;hl_'S!'

As Mliel van, ~der AG~e·s.~rt II' .Iend& 'I:~om hrs, eil~I',', Situdies andl t AI' !pe1f;ec~l~fliJn o,f [11'1J10~ ft ID~mes I~u~, P:f8()CiQu· g -00 w· m hlJ,m~n aCli"lil_l, mON gJ8f1€!mt rnoftl n_,~.r-iC1: •. ann! tlhmuglh ·thlS, ,rl1~J~'lyrr'i~v g,. "~lif!rs to t~ ne· .. ' [a~1nCIJ's: ~:~' , IbU51~ n.ess" - '~:nl al~ ~. t,e~ . ntil thel fl~a"i$lillonilJ ~tmtd6'. Th~ liilJfIC~I~_'u~e ~t'_.i~ Ih_ dlllH, 11,'-' iitHlf 'tlOm fI~;I mspri.·llfOOt$ in fFie' l1erh5.JeI ~ IndM'L_~I:II~ tSUJe,"l'lut:!h, I.ulif\!t, ,arnz~ ~'Fl - h_:1 Foulld lJhmu,g' n ~ "OOUtti1luli!ilicn ,of its inlh,_ iii . t iimbiglJ~il) i,

UnS1JtSp - Cited II~ 'chil'ler u.s .:, as.

_' \IC,_'~_- to ,Bed· i~Tie I -: - .en

•

·m .. C"l_~ •.

l' 19" 1902

"'90~ ,

1- sos '1

sos-

eme ·1,Qt· -._. ~. V 18,. ,n i

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.10 i to fu, ni.:.- hOD· at

922

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19 . ._~ 2

.. :'; jc:b "re ~it . liiY'iIil~I!"III-"It'!·S- In Si: PiEr - , bUligl

1 ~·.11 11912

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