1. Hematoctrit Male – 0.40 – 0.

54

2. Hematocrit Male – 14.0 – 17.5

3. RBC count Female – 4.5 – 5.5x1012

4. Secretory Diarrhea – Isotonic stool and persists during fasting

5. Osmotic Diarrhea – Osmotic force exerted by unabsorbed luminal solute

6. Malabsorptive Diarrhea – Associated with steatorrhea

7. Exudative Diarrhea – Purulent, bloody stool

8. Intussusceptions – intraluminal

9. Tumors – intramural

10. Crohn’s Dse – intramural

11. Volvulus – extrinsic

12. Hernia – extrinsic

13. Adhesions – extrinsic

14. Hyperplastic Polyp – reactive foveolar glands with edematous lamina propria

15. Gastric Adenoma – exhibit epithelial dysplasia

16. Fundic Gland Polyp – lined by flattened parietal and chief cells

17. Intestinal type – exophytic mass or an ulcerated tumor

18. Intestinal type – glandular structures similar to esophageal and colonic

adenocarcinoma

19. Diffuse type Gastric Cancers – “leather bottle” appearance

20. Diffuse type Gastric Cancers – permeate the mucosa and stomach walls

21. MSUD – accumulation of 3 amino acids and their corresponding keto acids; resembling
maple syrup (burned sugar)

22. PKU – phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency; musty odor

23. TMAU – fish malodor syndrome; defect in production of the enzyme flavin containing
monooxygenase 3

24. Glutaric Acidemia Type 2 – mutations in the ETFA, ETFB and ETFDH genes, sweaty feet

25. Foregut – Rarely metastasize

26. Midgut – Aggressively metastasize

27. Hindgut – Occasionally metastasize

28. Pain aggravated by eating – gastric ulcer

29. Pain at hours at sleep – duodenal ulcer

30. Pain can be relieved by eating – duodenal ulcer

31. Relieved by vomiting – gastric ulcer

32. Pathogenesis of intestinal obstruction:

a. Onset of obstruction

b. Gas and fluid accumulation

c. Intestinal activity increases

d. Intestinal motility reduced

e. Bowel distends

f. Intestinal ischemia and necrosis

33. Pathogenesis of Gastric Adenocarcinoma:

a. H.pylori infection

b. Generates ammonia

c. Increase production of acid

d. Chronic gastritis

e. PUD

f. Gastric adenocarcinoma

34. Congenital lesion – indirect hernia

35. Fatty tissue or part of the intestine pushes through the wall of the femoral canal

36. Degeneration and fatty changes in the inguinal floor and the Hesselbach triangle –
direct hernia

37. Can affect adults due to repeated abdominal strain – umbilical hernia

38. Result of the diaphragm weakening due to pressure on the abdomen or aging – hiatal
hernia

39. Colicky abdominal pain – both partial and complete obstruction

40. Continued passage of the flatus or stool beyond 6 – 12 hours – partial obstruction

41. Nausea and vomiting – both partial and complete obstruction

42. Obstipation – complete obstruction

43. Feculent vomitus – both partial and complete obstruction