Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Nabila Riztina
3112171045
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TABLE OF CONTENT
PREFACE.......................................................................................................................... i
TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................................... ii
CHAPTER I PRELIMINARY ......................................................................................... 1
1. ISSUE BACKGROUND ....................................................................................... 1
2. PROBLEM INDENTIFICATION ........................................................................ 1
3. PURPOSE.............................................................................................................. 2
CHAPTER II DISCUSSION ............................................................................................ 3
1. What is Cancer? ..................................................................................................... 3
2. The symptoms of cancer ........................................................................................ 4
3. Factors that cause cancer ....................................................................................... 4
4. Factors that may increase the risk of cancer .......................................................... 5
5. How to check and treatment of cancer .................................................................. 6
6. The types of cancer ................................................................................................ 7
7. How to prevent cancer ........................................................................................... 7
CHAPTER III FINAL .................................................................................................... 11
1. CONCLUSION ................................................................................................... 11
2. Advice.................................................................................................................. 11
List library ...................................................................................................................... 12
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CHAPTER I
PRELIMINARY
1. ISSUE BACKGROUND
Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential
to invade or spread to other parts of the body. These contrast with benign tumors,
which do not spread to other parts of the body. Possible signs and symptoms include
a lump, abnormal bleeding, prolonged cough, unexplained weight loss, and a change
in bowel movements. While these symptoms may indicate cancer, they may have
other causes. Over 100 types of cancers affect humans. People at all stages of cancer
treatment typically receive some kind of palliative care. In some cases, medical
specialty professional organizations recommend that patients and physicians
respond to cancer only with palliative care.
2. PROBLEM INDENTIFICATION
In writing this paper, the issues to be studied are:
- What is cancer?
- What are the symptoms of cancer?
- Which factors cause cancer?
- Which factors can increase the risk of cancer occurrence?
- How to check and treat cancer?
- The process of spreading cancer to other parts of the body?
- Types of cancer?
- How to prevent cancer?
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3. PURPOSE
Based on the formulation of the above problems, the objectives to be achieved
are:
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CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
1. What is Cancer?
Cancer is a disease caused by abnormal growth
of body tissue cells that turn into cancer cells. In
its development, these cancer cells can spread to
other body parts that can cause death. Cancer is a
term that includes a complex group of more than
different types of cancer. Cancer can affect
almost every organ in the human body. Many
people are surprised to learn that cancer can affect parts of the body such as the eyes
and heart. Each type of cancer is characterized by different causes, symptoms, and
treatment methods. Like other disease groups, some types of cancer are more
common than others. The benefits of screening in breast cancer are controversial.
Cancer is often treated with some combination of radiation therapy, surgery,
chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. Pain and symptom management are an
important part of care. Palliative care is particularly important in people with
advanced disease. The chance of survival depends on the type of cancer and extent
of disease at the start of treatment. In children under 15 at diagnosis the five-year
survival rate in the developed world is on average 80%. For cancer in the United
States the average five-year survival rate is 66%. Cancers are a large family of
diseases that involve abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to
other parts of the body. They form a subset of neoplasms. A neoplasm or tumor is a
group of cells that have undergone unregulated growth and will often form a mass
or lump, but may be distributed diffusely. The risk of suicide in people with cancer
is approximately double.
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2. The symptoms of cancer
Signs and symptoms are both signals of injury, illness, disease – signals that
something is not right in the body. A sign is a signal that can be seen by someone
else – maybe a loved one, or a doctor, nurse, or other health care professional. For
example, fever, fast breathing, and abnormal lung sounds heard through a
stethoscope. A symptom is a signal that’s felt or noticed by the person who has it,
but may not be easily seen by anyone else. For example, weakness, aching, and
feeling short of breath.
Symptoms of cancer in general that arise depending on the type or organ of the
body that is attacked are:
A. Hereditary factors
Genetic factors cause some families to have a higher risk for certain cancers when
compared with other families.
B. Psychological factors or emotional
Significant stress can cause a disruption of the body's cellular balance.
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C. Food factors that contain chemicals
Food can also be another important risk factor for cancer, especially cancer of
the gastrointestinal tract. Examples of the types of foods that can cause cancer
are smoked and acidified foods (in the form of pickles) increase the risk of
gastric cancer. Drinks containing alcohol cause a higher risk of esophageal
cancer.
D. Behavioral factors
Behavior in question is to smoke and consume foods that contain lots of fat
and meat are also preserved alcoholic drinkers. Sexual behavior is to have sex
at an early age and often change couples.
E. Food coloring
Heavy metals such as mercury are often present in contaminated seafood such
as: shellfish, fish, etc. Various foods (sweet and flour) are processed in excess.
A. Virus
Some types of viruses are closely related to normal cell changes into cancer
cells. This type of virus is called cancer-causing virus or oncogenic virus.
B. Alcohol
Drinking alcohol can increase your risk of cancer of the mouth, throat,
esophagus, larynx (voice box), liver, and breast. The more you drink, the higher
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your risk. The risk of cancer is much higher for those who drink alcohol and also
use tobacco.
C. Hormones
Estrogens, a group of female sex hormones, are known human carcinogens.
Although these hormones have essential physiological roles in both females and
males, they have also been associated with an increased risk of certain cancers.
D. Obesity
People who are obese may have an increased risk of several types of cancer,
including cancers of the breast (in women who have been through menopause),
colon, rectum, endometrium (lining of the uterus), esophagus, kidney, pancreas,
and gallbladder.
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- Increased endurance (immunotherapy)
- Treatment with hormones
- Organ transplants.
- Stem Cell
- The outcome of treatment depends mainly on the stage or stage of the cancer.
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than 4 in 10 cancer cases could be prevented, largely through lifestyle changes,
such as:
- Not smoking
Picture 7.1
The best way for smokers to reduce their risk of cancer, and improve their
overall health, is to stop smoking completely. How you chose to quit is up to you but
prescription medication and support from a specialist at your local Stop Smoking
Services (link is external) gives you the best possible chance of stopping
successfully.
- Keep a healthy weight
Picture 7.2
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Keeping a healthy weight can help cut your risk of cancer and other serious
diseases. The good news is that small changes to your lifestyle that you keep up over
time can lead to a reduction in bodyweight.
- Eating a healthy, balanced diet
Picture 7.3
The food we eat can affect our risk of developing cancer, both directly and by
helping us keep a healthy weight. Keeping a healthy weight is the second best thing
you can do to cut the risk of cancer, after not smoking.
- Keep active
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Picture 7.4
It can be easier than you think to increase your activity levels, even if you don’t
do much at the moment. Making small changes, like taking the stairs instead of the
lift or making short journeys on foot, can really help increase how active you are.
And it’s never too late to start making a difference. Even if you’ve been inactive for
years, becoming more active can improve your health and reduce the risk of cancer.
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CHAPTER III
FINAL
1. CONCLUSION
Cancer is a very deadly and very dangerous disease and also very deadly
because of the abnormal consequences of body tissue cells that turn into cancer cells.
In its development, these cancer cells can spread to other body parts that can cause
death.
Cancer is a disease caused by abnormal growth of body tissue cells that turn into
cancer cells. In its development, this cancer cell can spread to other body parts that
can cause death. Cancer is a term that covers more complex groups of different types
of cancer. Cancer can affect almost every organ in the human body. Many people are
surprised to learn that cancer can affect parts of the body such as the eyes and heart.
Each type of cancer is characterized by various causes, symptoms, and methods of
treatment. Like other disease groups, some cancers are more common than others.
2. Advice
In this paper there are still many who have not discussed about Cancer.
Therefore, it is expected to other writers who want to raise the same theme, that is
about Cancer Disease, to be better and more detail again in making paper about
Disease, because there are still even many discussion about this paper that I have not
submitted in paper this.
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List library
1. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancer-basics/signs-and-symptoms-of-
cancer.html
2. https://www.webmd.com/cancer/news/20170919/cancer-treatment-can-affect-
your-food-preferences
3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer
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