Que 1: Performance is inversely related to delay.

When you use the Internet, which of the

following applications are more sensitive to delay?(justify with a reason)
a. Sending an e-mail
b. Copying a file
c. Surfing the Internet

Sol: Its C.
Coping a file will be more sensitive to delay. This is because if a file is being copied and time
out occurs half packet will be transferred and damage file is received.
Sending an email encryption occurs file will not be damaged and it will be received.
Corruption do not take place in surfing the internet.

Que 2:When a party makes a local telephone call to another party, is this a point-to-point
or multipoint connection?

In case of a multipoint connection list down the connections which are coming in the path.

Sol: When a party makes a local telephone call to another party there is a Multipoint connection
as call is passed to local loops to trunks to switching offices which then pass it to regional
offices.
Multipoint refers to communication which is accomplished through a specific and distinct type
of multipoint connection, providing multiple paths from a single location to multiple locations.

Connections:-
1. local loops
2. trunks
3. switching offices

Que 3: We discussed the three communication phases involved in a circuit switched network.
Match these phases with the phases in a telephone call between two parties.

Sol: Three phases of circuit switching network circuit switching network implies that there is a
dedicated communication path between any two stations and the path is a connected sequence of
links between network nods. The three phases in the circuit switching involves :

• Circuit establishment

In this phase, the circuit must be established, when signals are transmitted from one station to
other station. This can send information through signals before that the receiving end and
sending end must establish their circuit.

• Data transfer

In this data transfer phase information can be transmitted from one station to other station
through network. The data may be analog signals or digital signals that depends on the nature of
the network protocol.

• Circuit disconnect

After some time of data transfer, the connection is terminated, generally by the action of one of
the two stations. Signals must be propagated to given nodes to deallocate the dedicated
resources.

Public circuit switching network

A public telecommunications network can be described using four

generic architectural components

• Subscribers
• Subscriber line
• Exchanges
• Trunks

These phases can be related to telephone phases as in telephone as follows:-

In telephone also:

1. The connection is establish when you make a call and ring goes
2. The data is transfer when you talk.
3. The circuit Is disconnected when you put down reciever.
Que 4: In CRC, show the relationship between the following entities (size means the number
of bits):
a. The size of the dataword and the size of the codeword
b. The size of the divisor and the remainder
c. The degree of the polynomial generator and the size of the divisor
d. The degree of the polynomial generator and the size of the remainder

Sol:
a. size of codeword are n-1 bits more then dataword
N=bits in divisor
b. size of divisor 1 bit more then remainder
c. degree of polynomial is 1 less then size of divisor
d. degree of polynomial generator is same as size of remainder
.

5. Apply the exclusive-or operation on the following pair of patterns (the symbol EB
means XOR):
a. (10001) EB (10000)
b. (10001) EB (10001) (What do you infer from the result ?)
c. (11100) EB (00000) (What do you infer from the result?)
d. (10011) EB (11111) (What do you infer from the result?)

ans:

a.00001

b.00000

c.11100

d.01100