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UNIT- III

UMTS : UNIVERSAL
MOBILE
TELECOMMUNICATION
SYSTEM
MADHESWARI.K/AP/CSE 15/02/2017
UMTS architecture (Release 99 used
here!)
Main components of UMTS
 UTRAN (UTRA Network)

 Handles Cell level mobility


 Consists of many Radio Network Subsystem (RNS)
 Encapsulation of all radio specific tasks
 UE (User Equipment)

 CN (Core Network)

 Inter system handover


 Location management if there is no dedicated connection between UE and
UTRAN
Uu Iu
UE UTRAN CN

 MADHESWARI.K/AP/CSE 15/02/2017
UMTS domains and interfaces Home
Network
Domain

Zu
Cu Uu Iu Yu
Mobile Access Serving Transit
USIM
Equipment Network Network Network
Domain
Domain Domain Domain Domain

Core Network Domain

User Equipment Domain Infrastructure Domain

 User Equipment Domain


 Assigned to a single user in order to access UMTS services
 Infrastructure Domain
 Shared among all users
 Offers UMTS services to all accepted users
UMTS domains and interfaces
 Universal Subscriber Identity Module (USIM)
 Functions for encryption and authentication of users
 Located on a SIM inserted into a mobile device
 Mobile Equipment Domain
 Functions for radio transmission
 User interface for establishing/maintaining end-to-end connections
 Access Network Domain
 Access network dependent functions
 Core Network Domain
 Access network independent functions
 Serving Network Domain
 Network currently responsible for communication
 Home Network Domain
 Location and access network independent functions

 MADHESWARI.K/AP/CSE 15/02/2017
Components of RNS
 Spreading and scrambling of user data
 OVSF (Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor)
coding
 UTRA-FDD (W-CDMA)
 UTRA-TDD (TD-CDMA)

 MADHESWARI.K/AP/CSE 15/02/2017
UMTS radio interface - Spreading and
scrambling of user data
 Constant chipping rate of 3.84 Mchip/s
 Different user data rates supported via different spreading factors (# of chips/bit)
 higher data rate: less chips per bit and vice versa
 User separation via unique, quasi orthogonal (their cross-correlation should be almost
zero) scrambling codes
 users are not separated via orthogonal spreading codes
 much simpler management of codes: each station can use the same orthogonal spreading codes
 precise synchronization not necessary as the scrambling codes stay quasi-orthogonal
data1 data2 data3 data4 data5

spr. spr. spr. spr. spr.


code1 code2 code3 code1 code4

scrambling scrambling
code1 code2

sender1 sender2
OVSF (Orthogonal Variable Spreading
Factor) coding
1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1
1,1,1,1 ...
1,1,1,1,-1,-1,-1,-1
1,1
1,1,-1,-1,1,1,-1,-1
1,1,-1,-1 ...
X,X
1,1,-1,-1,-1,-1,1,1
X 1
1,-1,1,-1,1,-1,1,-1
X,-X 1,-1,1,-1 ...
1,-1,1,-1,-1,1,-1,1
SF=n SF=2n 1,-1
1,-1,-1,1,1,-1,-1,1
1,-1,-1,1 ...
1,-1,-1,1,-1,1,1,-1

SF=1 SF=2 SF=4 SF=8


UTRA-FDD (W-CDMA)
 UTRA-FDD (W-CDMA)
 The FDD mode for UTRA uses wideband CDMA (W-CDMA) with
direct sequence spreading.
 Uplink and downlink use different frequencies. Uplink (1920 ~
1980 MHz) and downlink (2110 – 2170 MHz).
 Time slots are not used for user separation but to support
periodic functions. Each time slot is 38,400 chips/s x 10 ms x
1/15 = 2560 chips (≈2/3 ms).
 The occupied bandwidth per W-CDMA channel is 4.4 to 5 MHz.
 In Germany, the FDD spectrum was sold over 50 billion Euros.
 The provide higher data rates, the infrastructure should be
improved: Twice as many base stations as GSM (500 m cell
diameters)
Typical UTRA-FDD uplink data rates
 Dedicated physical data channel (DPDCH)
 conveys user or signaling data
 Dedicated physical control channel (DPCCH)
 Conveys control data for the physical layer and uses the constant spreading factor
256.
 Dedicated physical channel (DPCH)
 The downlink time multiplexes control and user data.
 Physical random access channel (PRACH)
 Used for coordinating medium access on the uplink.
12.2 64 144 384
User data rate [kbit/s] (voice)

DPDCH [kbit/s] 60 240 480 960

DPCCH [kbit/s] 15 15 15 15

Spreading 64 16 8 4
UMTS FDD frame structure
Radio frame

10 ms 0 1 2 ... 12 13 14 W-CDMA
• 1920-1980 MHz uplink
Time slot • 2110-2170 MHz downlink
666.7 µs Pilot TFCI FBI TPC uplink DPCCH • chipping rate:
3.840 Mchip/s
2560 chips, 10 bits
• soft handover
666.7 µs Data uplink DPDCH • QPSK
• complex power control
2560 chips, 10*2k bits (k = 0...6)
(1500 power control
666.7 µs Data1 TPC TFCI Data2 Pilot downlink DPCH cycles/s)
• spreading factors:
DPDCH DPCCH DPDCH DPCCH
Uplink: 4-256; Downlink:4-512
2560 chips, 10*2k bits (k = 0...7) FBI: Feedback Information
TPC: Transmit Power Control
Slot structure NOT for user separation TFCI: Transport Format Combination Indicator
DPCCH: Dedicated Physical Control Channel
but synchronisation for periodic functions! DPDCH: Dedicated Physical Data Channel
DPCH: Dedicated Physical Channel
UE in UTRA-FDD (W-CDMA)
 A UE has to perform the following steps during the
search for a cell after power on:
 Primary synchronization: A UE has to synchronize with
the help of a 256 chip primary synchronization code.
 Secondary synchronization: This defines the group of
scrambling codes.
 Identification of the scrambling code: the UE tries all
scrambling codes within the group of codes to find the
right code with the help of a correlator.
 After these three steps the UE can receive all further
data over a broadcast channel.
UTRA-TDD (TD-CDMA)
 UTRA-TDD (TD-CDMA)
 Separates up and downlink in time using a frame structure similar to FDD.
 15 slots with 2560 chips per slot for a radio frame with a duration of 10
ms.
 The chipping rate is 3.84 Mchips/s.
 TDD frame can be symmetrical or asymmetrical.
 The switching points is used to indicate the switching between up and
downlink.
 At least one slot must be allocated for the uplink and downlink respectively.
 UTRA TDD occupies 5 MHz bandwidth per channel.
 Germany paid less than 300 million Euros.
 It is unclear to what extend this system will be deployed.
 The coverage per cell is less than using UTRA-FDD.
 UEs must not move too fast (like WLANs).
UMTS TDD frame structure (burst type)
Radio frame
10 ms 0 1 2 ... 12 13 14

Time slot
666.7 µs Data Midample Data Traffic burst
GP
1104 chips 256 chips 1104 chips
GP: guard period
2560 chips 96 chips

Midample is used for tranning and channel estimation.

TD-CDMA
• 2560 chips per slot
• spreading: 1-16
• symmetric or asymmetric slot assignment to UpLink/DownLink (min. 1 per
direction)
• tight synchronisation needed
• simpler power control (100-800 power control cycles/s)
UTRA architecture
 UTRA architecture
 Radio network subsystems (RNS)
 Radio network controller (RNC) controls several node Bs over the interface (Iub)
and is connected with the core network (CN) over Iu. The interface Iur is the
interface for connecting two RNCs.
 Each node B can control several antennas which make a radio cell.
 The mobile device, user equipment (UE), can be connected to one or more
antennas.
 Core network
 The circuit switched domain (CSD) comprises the classical circuit switched services
and connects to the RNS via the IuCS.
 The packet switched domain (PSD) uses the GPRS components SGSN and GGSN
and connects to the RNS via the IuPS.
UTRAN architecture RNS RNC: Radio Network Controller
RNS: Radio Network Subsystem
UE

Node B Iub
UTRAN comprises several RNSs
RNC Node B can support FDD or TDD or
Iu
both
Node B

CN

Iur
Node B RNC is responsible for handover
Iub
decisions requiring signaling to
Node B the UE
RNC
Cell offers FDD or TDD
Node B
RNS
UTRAN RNC functions
 Call admission control
 Congestion control
 Radio channel encryption/decryption
 ATM switching and multiplexing, protocol conversion - Radio network
configuration
 Channel quality measurements
 Macro diversity
 Radio resource control
 Radio carrier control – bearer setup and release
 Data transmission over the radio interface
 Channel allocation (coding)
 Outer loop power control (FDD and TDD)
 Handover control and RNS relocation (moving)
 Management - System information including current load, current traffic,
error states
UTRAN Components
 Node B
 The name node B was chosen during standardization until a new and
better name was found.
 The main task is the inner loop power control to mitigate near-far effect.
 Measures connection qualities and signal strengths.
 Supports a special case of handover (soft-handover).
 User Equipment (UE)
 The UE performs signal quality measurements, inner loop power control,
spreading and modulation, and rate matching. (counterpart of a node
B).
 The UE has to cooperate during handover and cell selection, performs
encryption and decryption. (RNC)
 The UE has to implement mobility management. (CN)
Core network
 The Core Network (CN) and thus the Interface Iu, are separated into two logical
domains:
 Circuit Switched Domain (CSD)
 Circuit switched service including signaling
 Resource reservation at connection setup
 GSM components (MSC, GMSC, VLR)
 IuCS
 Packet Switched Domain (PSD)
 GPRS components (SGSN, GGSN)
 IuPS

 Release 99 uses the GSM/GPRS network and adds a new radio access!
 Helps to save a lot of money …
 Much faster deployment
 Not as flexible as newer releases (5, 6)
Core network: architecture with 3G
RNS and 2G BSS
VLR
BSS
BTS Abis Iu

BSC MSC GMSC


PSTN
Node
BTS B
IuCS
AuC
EIR HLR

GR
Node B
Iub
Node B
RNC SGSN GGSN
Gn Gi
Node B IuPS
RNS CN
Core network: protocols with 3G RNS
and 2G BSS VLR

MSC GMSC
PSTN/
GSM-CS ISDN
RNS
backbone

HLR

RNS

SGSN GGSN PDN (X.25),


Layer 3: IP Internet (IP)
GPRS backbone (IP)
Layer 2: ATM
SS 7
Layer 1: PDH,
SDH, SONET

UTRAN CN
UMTS protocol stacks (user plane)
UE Uu UTRAN IuCS 3G
MSC
apps. &
protocols
Circuit RLC
RLC SAR
SAR
switched MAC MAC AAL2 AAL2

radio radio ATM ATM

UE Uu UTRAN IuPS 3G Gn 3G
apps. & SGSN GGSN
protocols
IP, PPP, IP tunnel IP, PPP,
… …
Packet PDCP GTP
PDCP GTP GTP GTP
switched RLC RLC UDP/IP UDP/IP UDP/IP UDP/IP
MAC MAC AAL5 AAL5 L2 L2
radio radio ATM ATM L1 L1
UMTS protocol stacks

 Circuit Switched Domain (CSD)


 Radio link control (RLC)
 Segmentation and reassembly (SAR)
 ATM Adaptation Layer 2 (AAL2)
 Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)

 Packet Switched Domain (PSD)


 PacketData Convergence Protocol (PDCP)
 GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP)

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