CNC Basics

Coordinates
Axis of a CNC Turning Center

-X

-Z
Axis of a CNC Turning Center
Cartesian coordinate system
Cartesian coordinate system
Polar coordinate system

-
A Vertical Milling Center

Tool
A Vertical Milling Center

Work Work
Work part zero : Milling operation
Work part zero : Turning operation
Example : Cartesian coordinate

Complete the
coordinate table
Example : Cartesian coordinate

Locate the
points on the
graph
Example : Cartesian coordinate

Complete the
coordinate table
Example : Cartesian coordinate
 30 30
60

30

26
30

Raw Material Machined Component

 30 30
60

30

26
30

• What is required to accomplish the above job?

 Tool
30 30
60

30

26
30

• What is required to accomplish the above job?

• Tool
 Tool
30 30
60

30

26
30

• What is required to accomplish the above job?

• Tool
• Relative motion between tool and workpiece
 Tool
30 30
60

30

26
30

• What is required to accomplish the above job?

• Tool
• Relative motion between tool and workpiece
• Feed of the tool
 Tool
30 30
60

30

26
30

• Feed
• mm/rev

• Feed rate
• mm/min
 Tool
30 30
60

30

26
30

• Feed rate
• low
 Tool
30 30
60

30

26
30

• Feed rate
• Low
or
• high
 Tool
30 30
60

30

26
30

• Depth of cut
• 2 mm
• Machining can be done in a single pass
 Tool
30 30
60

30

26
30

• Depth of cut
• 1 mm
 Tool
30 30
60

30

28
30

• Depth of cut
• 1 mm
1st pass (30 to 28)
 Tool
30 30 30 30

30

30
28

26
• Depth of cut
• 1 mm
1st pass (30 to 28)
 Tool
30 30 30 30

30

30
28

26
• Depth of cut
• 1 mm
1st pass (30 to 28)
2nd pass (28 to 26)
 Summary 20 40
60

30

26
30

• Inputs given to a CNC machine to perform machining

• Units : Metric or Inches
• Feed rate : mm/min or mm/rev
• Coordinates : Absolute or Incremental
• Tool Information : Tool number
• Spindle : Start or Stop
• Spindle speed : eg 1000 rev per min
• Activating or calling the tool
• Tool coordinates : Initial
• Tool coordinates : Final
• Tool feed rate : eg. 60 mm/min
• Send back the tool
• Stop the spindle