Public Disclosure Authorized

E4140v1

Republic of Yemen
Ministry of Water and Environment
Environmental Protection Authority
Public Disclosure Authorized

Pilot Program for Climate Resilience (PPCR) Investment I

Climate Information System and PPCR Coordination Project

Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for the

Modernization of the National Hydrometeorological and
Monitoring Networks
Report
Public Disclosure Authorized

(Final)
Public Disclosure Authorized

Prepared by
Dr. Khaled Ibrahim Hariri- Consultant.
Environment and Natural Resources
Management and Development.
12 February 2013

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Table of Contents

I. Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 6
II. Background ...................................................................................................................... 7
III. The Project ....................................................................................................................... 8
IV. Objective of the ESMP ................................................................................................... 11
V. The Environment and Socio-cultural Environment ....................................................... 11
VI. Project Locations and potential impacts......................................................................... 18
VII. Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) .................................................. 24
VIII. Mitigation Measures ....................................................................................................... 25
IX. The Negative Checklist (Site Selection Criteria) ........................................................... 29
X. Monitoring and Reporting .............................................................................................. 29
XI. Public consultation ......................................................................................................... 30
XII. Legislative and Regulatory Considerations.................................................................... 30

ANNEX 1. ToR for ESMP....................................................................................................... 33

ANNEX 2. Group (1) ............................................................................................................... 40
ANNEX 3. Group (2) ............................................................................................................... 46
ANNEX 4. Group (3) ............................................................................................................... 52
ANNEX 5. Group (4) ............................................................................................................... 57
ANNEX 6. List of rain fall &meteorological and wad flood stations...................................... 59
ANNEX 7. CAMA/YMS stations ............................................................................................ 68
ANNEX 8. Stakeholders Met ................................................................................................... 69
ANNEX 9. Long term annual mean for weather elements ...................................................... 72
ANNEX 10. Meteorological stations NWRA .......................................................................... 74

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 Acronyms

AREA Agriculture Research and Extension Authority

CAMA /YMS Civil Aviation and Meteorology Authority/Yemen Met.Station
CC Climate Change
CWMU Central Water monitoring Unit
EEZ Extended Economic Zone
EPA Environment Protection Authority
EPL Environment Protection Law
ESMP Environment and Social Management Plan
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization
GDP Gross Domestic Product
GoY Government of Yemen
GSCP Groundwater and Soil Conservation Project
IMCCC International Monitoring Committee on Climate Change
MAI Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation
NAPA National Adaptation Program
NEAP National Environment Action Plan
NIP National Irrigation Plan
NSES National Sustainable Environment Strategy
NWASA National Water and Sanitation authority
NWRA National Water resources Authority
PCMA Public Corporation for Maritime Affairs
PCU Project central Unit
PPCR Pilot Program for Climate Resilience
RALP Rain-fed Agriculture and Livestock Project
TDA Tihama Development Authority
TS Technical Secretariat
WB World Bank
WMO World Meteorological Organization

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 Acknowledgement

The Consultant wishes to express his thanks to Engineer M. Shidiwa –Yemen EPA for his
assistance in obtaining information on the locations of the meteorological stations belonging to
various agencies. The Consultant acknowledges with gratitude Dr Abdo Al Maqaleh Deputy of
CFAMA/YMS for his guidance and valuable advice given during the assignment. Many thanks
are extended to Dr. HishamNagi for his assistance in the field visits to the sites, the photos taken
and his technical inputs. Acknowledgement is to all stakeholders who had given their views on
the project.

Special thanks are extended to Ms. Lia Seighart, Mr. Abdoul-Wahab Seyni and Ms. Suiko
Yoshijima from the World Bank for their assistance and various inputs to the study.

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 Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for the
Modernization of the National Hydrometeorological and
Monitoring Networks

“Environmental management is an integral component of effort to reduce poverty and achieve

sustainable and equitable growth”
(Declaration of the 2000 Millennium Summit, at UN)

I. Introduction

Over the last 50 years, human activities – particularly the burning of fossil fuels – have released
sufficient quantities of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases to trap additional heat in the
lower atmosphere and affect the global climate. In the last 100 years, the world has warmed by
approximately 0.75oC. Over the last 25 years, the rate of global warming has accelerated, at
over 0.18oC per decade. Sea levels are rising, glaciers are melting and precipitation patterns are
changing. Extreme weather events are becoming more intense and frequent.

The global average temperatures are projected to increase between 1.4 and 5.8 oC by the end of
this century; an associated rise in sea level is also expected. The number of people at risk from
flooding by coastal storm surges is projected to increase from the current 75 million to 200
million in a scenario of mid-range climate changes, in which a rise in the sea level of 40 cm is
envisaged by the 2080s. Extremes of the hydrologic cycle (such as floods and droughts) are
projected to increase with warmer ambient temperatures. Evidence is mounting that such
changes in the broad-scale climate system may already be affecting human health, including
mortality and morbidity from extreme heat, cold, drought or storms; changes in air and water
quality; and changes in the ecology of infectious diseases (Impact of regional Climate Change on
human health (Jonathan A et al, WHO - NATURE| volume 438|17 November 2005)

Yemen is one of the least developed countries, and is located in an arid/semi-arid climatic zone.
The country is characterized by limited resources and weak legal and institutional frameworks.
High rates of poverty among the population and the low human resources development scores
augment the driving forces necessitating actions depending on a clear prioritization of
environmental issues and problems. Such actions ought to be based on the various development
policies and strategies formulated by the relevant government agencies. It is predominantly a
rural country and 83% of Yemen’s poor live in rural areas, where agriculture and fisheries are
the main sources of livelihoods. It is a low-income country, with diverse social and economic
challenges and high population growth rates of 3.02% annually. Average GDP per capita
increases by only 1.5% per annum. Farming and agricultural related activities remain the main
source of living for most Yemenis. The coastal zone of Yemen with its rich variety of natural
habitats and species is a natural hub for development in terms of fisheries, coastal settlements,

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coastal infrastructure (including roads and port facilities), and potential for tourism, maritime
trade routes and new development initiatives. Fisheries and coastal resources account for the
most important source of non-oil export revenues for Yemen.

The rapid development of information and sensor technology and high integration of electronics
and data communication have made automation of meteorological and hydrological networks
increasingly affordable and attractive to Meteorological and Hydrological Services and other
users, who need real-time weather data and monitoring of water systems such as rivers, lakes,
reservoirs and ground water. Hydrometeorological networks, typically consisting of a large
number of automatic monitoring stations, telecommunication systems, databases and application
software for the users, are installed in a wide geographical area, often in remote locations.
Capable of surviving harsh weather conditions, they provide valuable information on a large
variety of weather parameters, precipitation, water quality and existing water reserves helping
the authorities to make right and on-time decisions (Hannu Kokko Vaisala Oyj, Helsinki, Finland
Integrated Hydrometeorological Monitoring Solutions and Network Management 2005).

II. Background

Due to its high vulnerability to climate change, Yemen was chosen as one of the pilot countries
under the Pilot Program for Climate Resilience (PPCR). The objective of the PPCR is to provide
incentives for scaled-up action and transformational change through pilot projects that
demonstrate how to integrate climate risk and resilience into core development planning, while
complementing other ongoing development activities in a given country. The PPCR will be
country-led, and will enable pilot countries to transform country-specific plans and investment
programs in order to address climate risks and vulnerabilities, building on National Adaptation
Programs of Action (NAPAs) and other relevant country studies and strategies. Substantial
programmatic resources will then be made available to help fund the newly identified public and
private sector investments. The long term annual mean weather elements as described by the
Civil Aviation and Meteorological Authority (CAMA) are in Annex 9.

The PPCR process will have two phases: Phase I will prepare the Strategic Program for Climate
Resilience (SPCR), and Phase II will implement priority interventions identified under Phase I.
Through a series of consultations with various stakeholders, including different line ministries
and agencies of the Government of Yemen (GoY), development partners, and civil society, the
Yemen-PPCR team developed the Phase I proposal, which has been approved by the PPCR Sub-
Committee, the oversight entity for the PPCR. In Yemen, the PPCR process will concentrate on
addressing the following four pillars under Phase I: (I) climate change information system and
awareness raising related to climate resilience; (II) mainstreaming climate change resilience into
core national development planning and capacity building; (III) developing the SPCR; and (IV)
strengthening the Technical Secretariat (TS)/Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) and
Program Coordination Unit (PCU) to facilitate implementation of the PPCR. Based on several
consultations with national stakeholders, civil society and development partners, four main areas
of interventions have been identified under the Phase II of the PPCR program and the Climate
Info System & PPCR Coordination Project is one of the four interventions proposed.

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III. The Project

The project would consist of the following four components:

o Component A: Institutional Strengthening and Capacity Building

o Component B: Modernization and Expansion of the National Hydrometeorological
and Monitoring Networks
o Component C: Enhancement of Service Delivery System
o Component D: PPCR Program Management and Knowledge Sharing

Component A. Institutional Strengthening and Capacity Building: This component aims to

improve climate resilience in Yemen through provision of weather, climate and water services
that meet stakeholders’ needs by creating the conditions that ensure institutional, staffing and
financial sustainability of the key providers. The activities of this component will be provided in
the form of consulting and non-consulting services.

Component B. Modernization of the National Hydrometeorological and Monitoring

Networks: This component aims to upgrade and expand the meteorological observations
networks for meteorology, agro-meteorology and hydro-meteorology, ensuring that these
networks are well functioning and interoperable between CAMA/YMS, MAI, NWRA and the
development authorities (e.g., TDA, NHDA, ERDA) to ensure the efficient and timely
transmission of information that is essential for management of disaster risks, agriculture and
water resources. Collection and timely communication of high-quality data is the foundation of
producing reliable weather forecasts and warnings as well as monthly and longer-term climate
outlooks. This component will also contribute to the development of a pilot environmental
monitoring system. The bulk of the activities in this component include procurement and
installation of goods such as monitoring equipment and ICT. There are three subcomponents:

(i) Subcomponent B.1 – Technical modernization of the observing networks, which includes:
(1.1) Rehabilitation and extension of the MAI agro-meteorological observing network;
(1.2) Extending the weather and climate surface observing network for CAMA/YMS; (1.3)
Replacement, rehabilitation and expansion of NWRA hydrometeorological network; (1.4)
Delivery and installation of a Doppler weather radar to improve the monitoring and
forecasting of high impact events associated with heavy precipitation and other weather
related hazards including a) equipment and b) works; (1.5) Installing up to three upper air
stations measuring profiles of temperature, humidity and wind speed and direction
including a) equipment and b) works; (1.6) Upgrading of the CAMA/YMS calibration
facilities including a) stationary laboratory for the use of all network operators and b)
mobile calibration laboratory mostly supporting the operation of the CAMA/YMS weather
and climate observing network; and (1.7) Installing marine observing stations in locations
to be identified by CAMA/YMS in coordination with the Technical Committee.

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(ii) Subcomponent B.2 – Modernization of the communication and ICT system, which
includes: (2.1) Updating communication equipment of all observing networks
(CAMA/YMS, MAI, NWRA and EPA); (2.2) Assessing and strengthening the national
data management system, including archiving and data rescue; and (2.3) Upgrading
operational satellite receiving systems for forecasting and mapping applications.
(iii) Subcomponent B.3 Design and pilot operation of an environmental monitoring system,
which includes. (3.1) Developing a needs assessment and design of air quality monitoring
networks; and (3.2) Piloting an operational air quality monitoring network.

Subcomponent B.1 will support the technical modernization of the networks. Extensive
consultation with CAMA/YMS, MAI and NWRA was undertaken to determine the current status
of the meteorological, agrometeorological and hydrometeorological networks, monitoring
methods, transmission of observations, data processing, data archiving and delivery of services.
Overall the CAMA/YMS network is in good shape for its primary mission to support civil
aviation and there are very few issues with data transmission and communication. However, this
network needs to be expanded to cover the entire country and to provide services to all sectors
and the population. In contrast, the operational status of MAI and NWRA networks is much less
clear in part because the overall irrigation and water management system is fragmented making it
difficult for organizations to maintain central control over their networks, part of which are
implemented by the regional development authorities. Many of the stations listed as operational
by MAI and NWRA are in fact not reporting data and the status of the equipment is uncertain.

Providing warnings of flash floods and creating a high-resolution climatology of precipitation

requires the introduction of technologies such as radar, which are now in routine use by many
National Meteorological Services (NMSs). Support for one Doppler radar is proposed, which
will require it to be located optimally to provide nowcasting support for extreme rainfall events
in high-risk areas as well as support routine forecasting services covering populated areas.
CAMA/YMS have identified Dhamar Meteorological Station as the intended site for the radar.
Coverage of the entire country would require more radar and this should be considered in future
programs. The radar specifications will be determined during the initial phase of the program in
consultation with the General Consultant/Systems Integrator and other radar experts as required.
In general, S band has the bigger range coverage both in reflectivity (460km) and velocity (230
km). The radar should be a complete, fully coherent, Doppler weather radar consisting of a
transmitter, receiver, antenna and servo system, signal processor, radar monitoring system,
product generation and display system, power system and accessories. The system should
integrate into the existing CAMA/YMS forecasting and warning system.

Hydrologic applications are the main goal of the radars, thus specific robust and mature
algorithms that have proven skills over complex terrain are needed. The radars algorithms should
provide derived products for severe weather, automatic alert, rainfall accumulation for 1h, 3h, 24
h. Detection and analysis of weak signals is necessary for outflows, boundaries and other
structures in the layers near the surface and superior clutter suppression ability is needed for
intensive rainfall episodes. High frequency stability is needed for detection of large rainstorms,
cyclones and strong convective precipitation while also detecting the weak dispersion signals

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from low level wind shear and dry downbursts in clear air-mode is necessary for aviation
purposes.

The radar should give the forecaster the possibility to adjust the volume coverage patterns to the
current type of weather, to cover the observation volume effectively and overcome the range/
velocity ambiguity problems. It should ensure high data accuracy and reliability through the use
of accurate on-line calibration, built-in test and monitoring functions, and data quality control
algorithms.

Upper air measurements (vertical profiles of temperature, humidity and wind) are essential to
initialize models at global scales and to support the forecasters analysis particularly for aviation
operations. By providing upper air data on through the WMO GTS, global numerical weather
prediction models on which CAMA/YMS depend for their operational forecasts will improve
over the Southern Arabian Peninsula.

CAMA/YMS calibration facility is sufficient for its current needs, but will need to be expanded
to include the capability to provide support to all of the meteorological and hydrological stations
in the future CAMA/YMS, MAI, NWRA’s network of networks. Mobile facilities are required to
calibrate sensors in the field to minimize disruption of the network.

CAMA/YMS is mandated to provide marine observations. The program will refurbish existing
stations.

Component C. Enhancement of Service Delivery System: This component aims to enhance

the delivery of services. This is a key program component that provides for the implementation
of a systematic upgrade of the weather, climate and water-related end-to-end services provided to
all agencies, communities and individuals (See below). Goods and consulting services will be
procured under this component.

Component D: PPCR Program Management and Knowledge Sharing. This component will
carry out the oversight of the PPCR implementation, including synthesizing the main results
achieved by the investments under the SPCR1, monitoring gender sensitive approaches to project
implementation, knowledge management, information sharing, public education and outreach
activities geared towards improving information access and awareness rising of the challenges
caused by climate. It will support the purchase of equipment, software, and technologies and will
provide consultancy services to support investment and incremental operational costs of program
management including that of consulting staff and training housed in the PPCR-PCU established
in the EPA. There are three subcomponents mostly based on provision of consulting services:

1
The Yemen PPCR investments are: I) Climate Information System and PPCR Program Coordination (this Project);
II) Pilot Scheme to Improve the Resilience of Rural Communities to Climate Change in Yemen (IRRCCC); and III)
Climate-Resilient Integrated Coastal Zone Management.

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IV. Objective of the ESMP

The purpose of an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) is to assess the potential
environmental and social impacts including gender aspects of the Climate Information System
and PPCR Coordination Project. Minor impacts are expected especially for the activities under
the Component B1 such as installation of monitoring equipment and Doppler weather Radar, and
upgrading marine observations. This study will address potential impacts of different alternatives
and propose relevant mitigation measures and strategies. The study will establish clear directives
and methodologies for the evaluation of activities to be financed by the project including site
selection criteria. The study will culminate in an ESMP to ensure that all activities financed
under the project are in compliance with the World Bank’s safeguard policies. The output of this
consultancy is intended to help ensure that the proposed project will be environmentally and
socially sound and sustainable. The (ESMP) is developed with the objective of liquidation of
possible adverse environmental and social consequences, their neutralization or reduction to
comprehensible level at installation, and operation.

V. The Environment and Socio-cultural Environment

Before addressing the environmental issues of Yemen and the socio-cultural environment it is
important to note that Yemen still lacks an integrated system of environmental statistics. Policy
makers need environmental information to prioritize problems and take necessary actions. There
are a number of constraints to effective policy making, planning and environmental management
in Yemen. First constraint is the lack of reliable and timely information on the impact of human
activities on the environment and natural resources, and simultaneously, the outcome of the
environmental degradation and irrational use of natural resources on the processes of
impoverishment and the sustainable development of Yemen at large. The second constraint is
improper management of available data and information as a result of a complex of factors
including, but not limited to, the lack of financial resources, trained workforce, awareness and
availability of information and/or institutional setup. Other constraints related to the lack of the
processes of environmental information collection, production, and dissemination is evident in
Yemen. Furthermore, the monitoring organizations do not feed their results into a common
information system; and there is an absence of a comprehensive methodological environmental
information system based on quantitative statistical data.

Environment
During the past two decades the Government of Yemen (GoY) had increasingly given interest in
improving management and development of the environment and the country’s natural resources.
Prioritization of environmental issues proved to be of vital importance since 1995. With the
contribution of all stakeholders (Government line ministries and their branches in the
governorates, authorities of relevant sectors, private sector representatives, local CBOs,
NGOsand academicians), the Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) launched the first
National Environmental Action Plan (NEAP I) in 1995. Six years later NEAP II was similarly
orchestrated by EPA. The Environment Protection Law (EPL) number 26 was issued in October
1995. Several policy papers and documents on the environment were subsequently presented at

11
the local, regional and international fora. In 2006 the EPA produced the NSES as a major
strategic document establishing the outline for programs of action to mitigate adverse
environmental impacts. The NSES identified the following driving forces and pressures on the
environment of Yemen namely, agriculture, fisheries, manufacturing and mining, enegy,
transportation, tourism, abd urbanization.

Land tenure issues arise in the particular geographic, economic and social contexts of the country
concerned, and they can be understood only within those contexts. It is confirmed that this
project will not trigger OP4.12 as site visits confirmed that all the potential project sites (Mokha,
Aden, Mukalla, and Dhamar) belong to CAMA/YMS and there is no economic activities going
on in those areas. As to the project locations for the rest of monitoring networks, site selection
criteria has been prepared in order to make sure locations would be on government owned land.

Socio-economic Context
The population of Yemen numbers almost 23 million. The country has one of the highest birth
rates in the region, and the population has in recent years grown at 3.1 percent annually. The
population is young, with two-thirds under the age of 25 and one in five persons between 15 and
24 years of age. Over 75 percent of the population is rural, and over 95 percent of the rural
population is engaged in agriculture.2 Few households survive solely on income from agriculture.

Poverty too is largely rural. When last measured in 1998, it was widespread (over 40 percent of
the rural population lived on less than a dollar a day), and food poverty almost doubled from 9
percent to 17.5 percent between 1992 and 1998. Yemen is in fact the poorest country in the
region. Yemen’s GNI per capita is US$521, compared to US$2,390 in the MENA Region and
the GDP growth rate has steadily been falling. While Yemen is an oil producer, and oil revenues
have driven the development of some large-scale agricultural production, the country is the
smallest oil producer in the region. Oil revenue accounts for an estimated 70 percent of
government revenue, but the country’s known reserves are projected to be reduced by 2012.

Yemen is one of the poorest countries in the Arab region facing multiple challenges and crisis.
Recently it witnessed a decline in the humanitarian and livelihood conditions, due to natural and
human-made disasters, including armed-conflict and political unrest. The economy is dominated
by the oil sector, which covers 27% of the Gross Domestic Product and 70% of export revenues.
More than half of the population is below 15 years of age. Based on the poverty update (Dr.
Heba El-Laythy Annex 6 of the 4th Development Plan for Poverty Reduction, July 2011); the
proportion of the poor increased according to the 2010 food poverty line (extreme poverty) from
12.46% to 16.15% or about 30% compared to UNDP/World Bank/Government of Yemen,
Poverty Assessment for 2005-2006. Both the poverty gap and severity also increased by a more
accelerated rate than that of the proportion of the poor. This means that the poor have become
poorer in the period 2006-2010 in terms of the food poverty line. While people living below the
lower poverty line has slightly decline from 40.09% (2005/06) to 38.59% (2010), the poverty

2
Central Statistics Office, Ministry of Planning, Yemen, 2004 Census.

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update indicated that prices of basic commodities and services increases to 15% as was the case
in 2011 due to political unrest in Yemen, the lower poverty line can get worse to level beyond
that of 1998, which is 42.5%. Unemployment is estimated at 52.9% and 44.4% among the 15-24
and 25-59 age groups respectively. Unemployment is fairly broad, cutting across urban and rural
areas and was much exacerbated by the political unrest of 2011. According to the preliminary
results of WFP Comprehensive Food Insecurity Survey, approximately 5 million of the
population is food insecure. Although population growth rate has slightly decline 2.9 % (2010),
it is still considered to be among the highest in the World and any annually adds additional new
mouths to feed and new labor force seeking for employment opportunities, which does not match
with economic growth estimated at negative as much as 20% in 2011.

Agriculture
Agriculture plays an important role in the economy, generating more than 15 percent of GDP
since 1990 (20.4 percent in 2005 according to the Central Bank of Yemen) and employing more
than half (54.2 percent in 2003) of the working population. Numerous environmental problems
hamper growth in this sector—soil erosion, sand dune encroachment, and deforestation—but the
greatest problem by far is the scarcity of water. Yemen is an arid country, and there are no
permanent watercourses. Annual precipitation ranges from about 5 inches in the highlands, 15-20
inches in the lower highlands, and the 15-20 inches in the middle highlands. Throughout Yemen,
precipitation is erratic and variable from year to year, and lengthy droughts occur. As a result of
low levels of rainfall, agriculture in Yemen relies heavily on the extraction of groundwater, a
resource that is being depleted. Yemen’s water tables are falling by approximately two meters a
year. The use of irrigation has made fruit and vegetables Yemen’s primary cash crops, together
with qat.

Qat is a mildly narcotic and heavily cultivated plant that produces natural stimulants when its
leaves are chewed. It plays a dominant role in the agricultural economy, constituting 10 percent
of GDP and employing an estimated 150,000 persons while consuming an estimated 30 percent
of irrigation water and displacing land areas that could otherwise be used for grains, coffee,
fruits, and vegetables. Between 2000 and 2004, the growth rate for the agricultural sector for
agriculture and fisheries (excluding qat) averaged a relatively stable 4 percent per annum; the
growth rate for qat averaged between 15 and 20 percent per annum for the same period. The
contribution of agriculture to the GDP has been steadily declining, and is currently estimated at
between 16 and 20 per cent.

Today, due to pressure on access to natural resources (most critically groundwater and land), few
rural households can survive on agriculture alone. Subsistence agriculture has grown more
tenuous, and there is considerable rural underemployment, though modest new employment
opportunities are being provided by the qat sector. Most households cope by diversifying their
income sources, largely through integration of urban and rural livelihoods. There is substantial
labor migration from the rural areas, both permanent and seasonal, including migration to Saudi
Arabia and the Gulf.

Coastal Physical Environment

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Yemen coast is characterized by a narrow coastal plain between the Gulf of Aden and the
mountain range that parallels the shoreline. This coastal plain interspersed with volcanic
intrusions right to the sea shore extending along the Gulf of Aden. The land rises steeply inland
from the coastal plain to elevations of several thousand meters in the western part of the country.
This range averages 1,070 m in height and influences the local weather, especially wind. Further
east, towards Omani border, the elevations are not as great. Gulf of Aden is bounded on the north
by the Yemeni coastline, and on the south it is bounded by the Somali Peninsula. The Yemeni
coastal line along Gulf of Aden and Arabian Sea is approximately 1400 km long, extending from
Bab el Mandab at the west to Ras Darbat Ali at the east. The landmasses surrounding the Gulf of
Aden and Arabian Sea are characterized by hot and dry climates with little vegetation. Strong
winds blowing across these areas often carry sand and dust.

Coastal Geomorphology
The Gulf of Aden is a young ocean basin formed by the rifting of Asia (Arabia) from Africa
(Somalia) (Girdler et al., 1980). It has a well-defined continental margin, small oceanic basin,
and an active mid-ocean ridge (Sheba Ridge) in the center, characterized by a rift valley and
fracture zones (Matthews et al., 1967; Bosworth et al., 2005). The rifting of the Arabian
Peninsula was accompanied by violent movements in the earth’s crust, creating one of the
world’s largest volcanic zones along the western and southern borders of the Arabian Peninsula.
The Gulf of Aden coastline is characterized by sedimentary strata interbreeds of limestone,
sandstone and shale with volcanic intrusions and extrusions. The old sedimentary strata are
primarily marine sediments of Jurassic and Cretaceous periods (Mesozoic), whereas the coastal
plains are often more recent alluvial and marine sediments (Al-Hubaishi et al., 1984). Most of
the coastline exhibits signs of block faulting, raised beaches, pediments, wadi mouths, headlands,
escarpments and dunes. Volcanic pyroclastics (fragmented material from explosive volcanic
processes) from some shore areas are sometimes complex because they exhibit raised beaches
with wave cut platforms and pediments, erosional features common to deserts.

Most geo-morphological (tectonic, erosional and depositional) events, which have formed the
present day coastline, took place in relatively recent, geological time, primarily during the
quaternary period of the Cenozoic Era. The quaternary period and Pleistocene epoch are
coincidental, occurring within the past three million years (before present). The Pleistocene
epoch covers the time of most recent glacial and interglacial activity
Fisheries

Yemen’s 2,520km coastline extends from Saudi Arabia in the northwest to Oman in the east and
is divided between the red Sea (650km), Gulf of Aden (1,550km) and Socotra Archipelago
(320km). The 552,669km2 Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) includes some of the most
productive waters and richest marine resources in the world as well as a variety of important
ecosystems such as upwelling, coral reefs and mangroves supporting around 65 commercially
important species including invertebrates (shrimp, lobsters, cuttlefish, sea cucumbers), pelagic
(Yellowfin and longtail tuna, kingfish, Indian mackerel, Indian oil sardines) and demersal
species (groupers, emperors, jacks, threadfin bream). The major environmental influence on the
productivity of Yemen’s fisheries resources is the Indian Ocean monsoon system, in particular

14
the south-west monsoon which blows from May-September. This results in a strong upwelling of
cold, nutrient-rich waters in the Gulf of Aden, feeding in also to southern parts of the Red Sea,
creating levels of primary productivity which are amongst the highest in the world and enhancing
the availability of food throughout the food-web. The most productive waters are to the east of
Mukalla on the Gulf of Aden.

Figure 1: Global primary productivity – June 1998. Lighter areas indicate the highest
levels of ecosystem productivity.
(Source: http://www.seaaroundus.org/primaryproduction/interpolation_method.htm)

As a result of the extraordinary levels of productivity and a long fishing tradition, fisheries is of
major importance to the Yemeni economy and is consistently identified as a key sector in
Government economic development and poverty reduction strategies. After oil, fisheries
constitutes Yemen’s main source of export earnings and is major source of employment, income
and food security throughout the coastal zone. Yemen accounts for more than 50% of both fish
production and exports in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden region. In total the fishing industry
supports the livelihoods of an estimated 88,750 artisanal fishers and approximately 500,000 of
their household members. The number of artisanal fishers has increased rapidly, at an average of
7.5% per annum over the past two decades, resulting in significant increases in production during
the 1990s and mid-2000s to an estimated 247-264,000t per year3 today with an ex-vessel value of
USD 617.5–660 million4. Artisanal fishers operate approximately 19,500 fishing boats and
account for well over 90% of total production despite the presence of both licensed and illegal
foreign trawlers in Yemeni waters. The Yemen Central Bank estimated that fisheries exports
were worth USD 245.3 million in 2008, a 25% increase from the previous year.

3
See below for explanation of how this estimate was produced
4
Based on a average value of 500YER p/kg (200YER = USD 1)

15
Table 1: Estimated Number of Active Fishers and Boats by Governorate
Region Governorate Fishers Vessels
Red Sea Hajjah 2500 358
Hodeidah 43250 6178
Taiz 5000 714
Red Sea Subtotal 50750 7250
Gulf of Aden Lahej 1500 500
Aden 4100 1367
Abyan 5000 1666
Shabwah 1400 467
Hadhramut (not including Socotra) 14000 4667
Al Mahra 7000 2333
Gulf of Aden Subtotal 33000 11000
Socotra Socotra 5000 1250
TOTAL 88750 19500
Source: IFAD pre-formulation and formulation mission Nov. 2009

While official MFW figures estimate total fisheries production in 2008 at 132,062t, a collapse of
124,328t from its official peak of 256,300t in 2004, these figures, both peak and trough, are
likely to be inaccurate as a result of logistical difficulties in collection, poor auction management
including not weighing most of the fish sold, and deliberate misreporting of catches in order to
avoid payment of a 3% levy on the value of catches introduced by the Government in 2004.
Unfortunately over the past two decades there has been a serious lack of appropriate
management of fisheries resources in Yemen such as effort control or enforcement of regulations
due to lack of funding, lengthy and complex court procedures required to prosecute violations
and a lack of awareness of the importance of proper management. This has resulted in damage to
the resource base jeopardising its potential to contribute to future economic growth. As
illustrated by the above figures the expansion of the fisheries sector in Yemen has been permitted
to continue as though the productivity of the fisheries resources is unlimited, as opposed to
subject to very real biologically and environmentally determined constraints. The increasing
number of fishers has been encouraged as part of the government’s poverty reduction strategy.
Furthermore there has been no thorough stock assessment in Yemeni waters since the 1970s and
1980s and there is a general lack of accurate data on the entire sector meaning there is no
information available to inform the development of fisheries management measures.

Table 2: Increase in Fishers, Boats and Catches 1995-2010 (Source MFW/FAO Fish stat)
Description 1995 2000 2005 2010(Mission
estimates)
Number of fishers 30000 49114 65198 88750
Number of boats 10000 12560 16890 19500
Average Number 3 3.9 3.9 4.5
of Fishers Per
Boat

16
 Total Catch (t) 107,970 142,198 238,400 247-264,000
Average Annual 3.6 2.9 3.7 2.8-3.0
Catch p/Fisher (t)

Amongst all those involved in the fisheries private sector, from fishers to exporters, unanimity
was expressed on the urgency with which fisheries management needs to be improved.
The total catch is declining, particularly of high value species (cuttlefish, tuna and shrimp) and
dramatic declines in the catch of some species have been experienced (lobster in particular).
Total production figures are being maintained only by increasing fishing effort, fishing far
outside the Yemeni EEZ, in the waters of neighbouring countries, and engaging in illegal and
destructive fishing practices in an effort to sustain incomes. Reports were also received of
declining average sizes of specimens caught which is another important indicator that
overfishing is taking place. In the past cuttlefish of up to 12kg were not uncommon, now 4kg is
considered large. Overfishing also affects marketing of the remaining stocks – average sizes of
shrimp are reducing the quantities suitable for export to high value markets where large sizes are
demanded. No major stock assessment has been conducted in Yemen’s waters since the 1970s
and 1980s. A summary of regional stock assessments and potential yields estimated during the
1970s and 1980s was published by the FAO in 1989 (Sander & Morgan 1989) and another by
PERSGA in 2004. Many species such as large pelagic fishes including kingfish and barracuda in
Yemen have never been assessed or researched at all.

Vulnerability
Yemen can be classified as a system with moderate stress. It is highly vulnerable and attributed
by low capacities. Yemen experiences relatively low environmental stress, but have very weak
institutional capacity, and the country is in particular vulnerable to natural disasters, under
nourishment, and lack of sanitation and safe water supply.Yemen has moderate attempts to
reduce stresses, particularly those driven by population. This is not a promising sign although
the situation is expected to improve with the interventions of the project. The environmental
health is not good. Also signs for basic human sustenance, are not positive.

Climate
The climate varies with elevation. The coast is hot and humid throughout the year. The central
highlands, with villages at 10,000 feet (3,048 meters), experience an average annual high
temperature of 70°F (21°C). Average Daily Temperatures in January: 13.9°C/57°F; in July:
21.7°C/71°F.The climate in Yemen is mostly dessert. Although it is hot and humid along the
coastal sections, Yemen has an extraordinarily hot, dry and harsh desert in the east. Yemen is
temperate in the western mountains which are affected by seasonal monsoons. Monsoon rains
may occur from April to August and from November to January. Rainfall is scarce in the coastal
desert regions, but runoff from higher elevations and a series of small dams and channels help
support some crops. Mountainsides in the arable highlands are terraced to increase the area
suitable for cultivation. Forests once covered the highlands, but overgrazing and logging have
almost eliminated them. Excluding its coastal waters, Yemen has no permanent body of open
water.

17
The average annual rainfall in Yemen is 508mm/20”. “Precipitation in Yemen is strongly
influenced by relief and consequently varies considerably from place to place. Meteorological
observations were made by J. E. Hasen, engineer, and Dr. Carlo Toffolon, then personal
physician to the Imam, at Sana’a and Ta’izz, from 1942 to 1944. According to their observations
at Ta’izz, the number of rains ranges from 90 to 160 per year, and annual precipitation ranges
from 450 to 700 millimeters. Rainfall may exceed 50mm in a single torrential shower. Two rainy
periods are distinguished at Ta’izz: (1) the most important period, in which precipitation may
exceed 600mm, extends from April to May, or in some years, to June, and (2) a shorter period in
which rain falls mostly during August and September. West winds predominate during the rainy
seasons. At Sana’a annual precipitation ranges from 200 to 500 mm (60 to 90 showers) and also
falls largely within two periods: (1) April to May and (2), the most important, from the later part
of July through the first half of August. Clouds generally gather on the west slopes of the main
massifs and cause very heavy rainfall which accounts for the erosive actions of the wadis, and
the number of local springs. The greatest rainfall occurs in the south, central and western
highlands and feeds innumerable wadis which, like the terraced mountainsides, are heavily
cultivated. A short monsoon in April and May alternates with a heavier monsoon in July and
August, but the remainder of the years features sunny days.

VI. Project Locations and potential impacts

Land tenure issues arise in the particular geographic, economic and social contexts of the country
concerned, and they can be understood only within those contexts. It is confirmed that this
project will not trigger OP4.12 as site visits confirmed that all the potential project sites (Mokha,
Aden, Mukalla, and Dhamar) belong to CAMA/YMS and there is no economic activities going
on in those areas. As to the project locations for the rest of monitoring networks, negative
checklist (site selection criteria) has been prepared in order to make sure locations would be on
government owned land.

The present meteorological stations both manual and automatic stations belonging to the MAI
are spread in agricultural areas in different governorates. Many of the stations comprise simple
equipment like rain gauge buckets, and different wadi flow and weather measuring devices. Such
equipment were run by the x- Groundwater and Soil Conservation project (GSCP) until the end
of 2012. The GSCP handed the stations to the Rain-fed Agriculture and Livestock Project
(RALP) and the National Irrigation Project (NIP). The Tihama Development Authority (TDA)
operates several rainfall and weather stations. Annex (2) shows the locations of automatic
rainfall stations in Hadhramut. Annex (3) shows a list of the hydro –meteorological stations in
Taiz, Ibb, AdDhale, Lahej and Abyan. Annex (4) shows the stations the automatic rainfall
stations, complete weather stations, manual rain gauge and wadi flow stations. Annex (5) shows
the manual rainfall stations operated by the Central Water Monitoring Unit (CWMU) of the
Irrigation Sector at MAI. The AREA operates a weather station in its HQ in Dhamar, and another
one in its branch center in Seiyun. The station of AREA in El-Kod was completely destroyed and
looted in Abyan by terrorists in 2011. Annex (6) shows the stations operated by TDA. Stations of
NWRA are shown in annex (7). Given the short period for the consultancy, it was difficult to
visit all of these stations. It is noteworthy that many of these stations were lost during the past

18
two years because of the violent events in the country. Collection of data is irregular and some
stations are no more functionalmainly due to lack of OM allocations.

CAMA/YMS has several meteorological stations. The following illustrative figure shows
approximate locations of these stations. Annex (7) shows the exact co-ordinates for these
meteorological stations.The Consultant managed to visit the sites of the Doppler weather radar
Station in Dhamar and the marine stations in Mukalla, Mokha, and Aden.

Figure 3. Approximate locations of CAMA/YMS meteorological stations

19
CAMA /YMS sites

The Marine Stations

Mukalla marine station

CAMA/YMS has a simple standard design for its meteorological stations consisting of an
observation tower on top of 2-3 rooms with facilities for staff on duty since working hours
extend for the whole day.
The Mukalla marine station was constructed 7 years ago on a rocky beach. The station is of a
typical CAMA/YMS design. It is located inside a small military camp. The failure of the
contractor to install the equipment forced CAMA to shift the equipment to its station at Mukalla
airport.
The site of the marine station at Mukalla is not subjected to interference from other obstacles that
could affect readings. The rocks at the foot of the fence of the building help reduce any expected
impact of strong waves even during the SW monsoon. There is no adverse impact on the
intertidal fauna or flora as the sensors cable is narrow. There is no construction waste left near
the station. CAMA is intending to open a bypass entrance leading to the station building without
going through the military camp in order to ease access to the station.

Mukalla site – photo(1) by courtesy of Dr. Hisham Nagi

20
Mukalla site – photo(2) by courtesy of Dr. Hisham Nagi

Mukalla site – photo(3) by courtesy of Dr. Hisham Nagi

Aden Marine Station

The second marine station of CAMA/YMS will be in Aden (at the present site of Gulf of Aden
Ports Authority) and at Al Mokha Port. During the visit of the consultant, the part of the marine
station on the roof of the Harbor Master’s Office was not functioning. However, the site itself is
suitable and has no adverse environmental impacts and is not affected by ships movement in the
harbor area.

Mokha Marine Station

The third marine station of CAMA/YMS will be in Mokhaand it was confirmed that this is an
existing observation station and upgrading has no adverse environmental impacts and is not
affected by ships movement in the harbor area.

It is worth mentioning that the modernization and upgrading of all the stations will be on the
present sites.

21
Doppler Weather Radar Station in Dhamar

Dhamar site – photo(1) evaporation unit by courtesy of Dr. Hisham Nagi

Dhamar site – photo(2) temperature instruments by courtesy of Dr. Hisham Nagi

Dhamar site – photo(3) meteorological station by courtesy of Dr. Hisham Nagi

22
Dhamar site – photo(4) Fence of the meteorological station Dhamar site – photo (5) Wind
speed and direction
measuring device

The CAMA/YMS monitoring station in Dhamar where Doppler Weather Radar is going to be
installed is shown in photo (3) above. It is situated inside a brick fenced 30,800 sq m area
belonging to CAMA (photo4). Wild grass is grown scattered inside the area. There are few qat
farms outside the fence, but no residential buildings in the neighborhood. Photo (5) shows the
wind velocity measurement device. It is expected that the emissions from the Weather Doppler
Radar station will have no adverse impact on humans even on those who have electrical
hypersensitivity (EH) since the electromagnetic field (EMF) is very weak and the residential
areas are too far to be affected.
(Proceedings of International Workshop on EMF Hypersensitivity Prague, Czech Republic
October 25-27, 2004)

Since most of the meteorological stations fall under category C, and few stations like the weather
Doppler Radar stations would fall under category B, there is no necessity to elaborate on the
ESMP especially as the modernization and upgrading would occur in the existing sites.

23
VII. Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP)

Environmental
& Social Policy

Economic
Performance
Planning

Management
review

implementation
and operation
Checking &
Corrective Action Environmental Risks &
& Social Impacts Liabilities

Figure 2. Environmental and Social Management System (ESMS)

Figure 2 depicts a general model for an environmental and social management system. The
Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) is a plan of action stipulating what specific
activities need to be taken to ensure that mitigation measures are duly implemented.The ESMP
aims at integrating environmental and social issues of the project with existing programs,
activities and other components of the project to promote overall improvement of development
through effective coordination and implementation of the mitigating measures in a timely
manner. Undertaking an ESMP for a project is envisaged to contribute to:
Mitigating potential environmental and social risks
Complying with regulations
Meeting internal and international standards and targets
Improving investor and/or customer satisfaction
Improving the institutions public image
Improving relations with regulatory authorities
Facilitating permitting process
Decreasing short and long term liabilities

Operators of Observing Networks

The present operators identified by Subcomponent B1 are the Civil Aviation and Meteorological
Authority- Yemen Meteorological Station (CAMA/YMS), the Ministry of Agriculture and

24
 Irrigation (MAI), the Agricultural Research and Extension Authority (AREA), the National
Water Resources Authority (NWRA) and the Environment Protection Authority (EPA). Other
operators in the future could include the Ports Authorities, the Public Corporation for Maritime
Affairs (PCMA) and the Marine Sciences and Fisheries Resources Research Authority
(MSFRRA). These operators vary in institutional, technical and technological capacities. By far,
CAMA/YMS is well developed in these capacities compared with the other authorities and has
regional and international links to fulfill its mandate. In fact, CAMA/YMS has the capacity to
train the technical personnel of the other authorities.

Safeguards category
There are several hydrological and climate recording stations across the country run by the
different operators. For various reasons including weak capacity, negligence and lack of O&M
financing, many stations are not functioning. The project intends to provide modernization and
upgrading of a number of stations. Many stations could be considered falling under Category C
of the World Bank (WB) classification of projects. However, the marine stations and the Doppler
Weather Radar station fall under Category B. Therefore, per the WBs Operation Manual, since
projects are categorized according to the component with the potentially most adverse effects,
this project is identified as Category B.

VIII. Mitigation Measures

A list of mitigations masures was developed in order to manage risks before, during and after the
installation of Doppler Radar, marine observation equipment, and weather monitoring
equipment. The matrices below elaborate minigations measures.

25
 A. Before and during Installation Phase
Project Sub- Action Activity Potential Mitigation and Performance Indicator Entity Responsible Remarks
Component No. Impacts Control Measures for the Action
B1
1. Habitat, Fauna and Flora Conservation Plan
Site preparation Crane and Noise Progressive engine Contractor reports. Contractor N/A , no heavy
backhoe ramp-up allowing EPA inspection reports. EPA construction
machinery an early escape of CAMA or relevant machinery will be
working zone institute owning the used
meteorological
station
Site Management Management of Disturbance Experts reports. Contractor It is not expected
night lighting of local fauna. Use negative EPA reports. that construction
Negative checklist works, if any, will
impacts of Avoid working at take a long time.
lighting on night
attraction of
insect vectors
2. Solid Waste and Waste Water Mitigation Plan
Management of Generation of Visual Testing of Periodic report on soil Contractor Construction is
Installation Materials residual solids at impacts, materials, and, as and water quality. EPA limited, thus
quarries impacts on necessary, collect Visual inspections CAMA or relevant removal of
water and soil and transport institute owning the construction
quality materials to suitable meteorological waste, if any, is
through disposal sites station possible through
leaching disposal to land
fill daily.
3. Natural Resources Use Mitigation Plan
Water Water Drain on Implement water Contractor reports. Contractor Water
consumption water conservation EPA inspection reports. requirements will
resources measures. Experts reports. be minimum as
Justify processes Monitoring reports. the construction
used in the works are limited
construction
activities that
consume the most
water.
4. Erosion and Sediment Control Plan (Not Applicable)

26
 5. Fugitive Dust Control and Air Quality Mitigation Plan (Not Applicable because there is no dust coming out)
6. Noise Control Mitigation Plan
Management of Use of explosive High noise Use of equipment Contractor reports. Contractor
construction materials and operation of levels at the with low noise EPA inspection reports.
related equipment quarry sites levels. Experts reports.
at quarries Conduct operations Monitoring reports.
such that noise is
limited; use of
earplugs and other
safety equipment by
workers.
Periodic monitoring Noise from
of noise and construction is
vibrations over not expected as
several working the construction
days. works are limited
Schedule noisy
activities if
activities are close
to a residential area
Site Vibrations on Equipment. Contractor reports. Contractor
local residents Position non- EPA inspection reports.
mobile noise Experts reports.
generating Monitoring reports
equipment

B. After Installation Phase

1. Environmental Monitoring Plan

Land and Different Adverse Monitoring of land Monitoring reports EPA Although it is
coastal activities impacts on and coastal EPA reports CAMA or relevant expected there
environment neighboring environment (water, institute owning the will be no or
habitats and noise, vibration, air meteorological station negligible
ecosystems quality, flora, fauna) impacts on land
and coastal
impacts, it is
recommended
that there should
be a simple

27
 monitoring plan.
2. Vegetation Planting and Restoration of Natural Mitigation Plan (Not applicable)
3. Management of Solid Waste
Management of Different Contamination Avoid incineration, EPA inspection reports. Solid waste
solid waste activities of soil and uncontrolled burial or Experts reports. during the
surface water, unsanctioned Monitoring reports operation would
with dumping of solid be domestic and
consequent wastes minimum (e.g.
impacts on Maximum reuse and plastic bags),
human health recycling of waste thus disposal
and materials should be
environment. Implement separation regular.
Impacts on of wastes at the
human health source.
and Protect waste
environment deposits and waste
of airborne sorting areas from the
waste elements and animal
components. and disease vectors.
Excessive use Ensure that the
of natural and management and
other final destination of
resources waste are in
compliance with local
regulations and
international
standards.
4. Management of Waste Water
Wastewater Various Chronic and Maintain wastewater EPA inspection reports. EPA Wastewater
Management accidental equipments Experts reports. CAMA or relevant during the
pollution of Monitoring reports institute owning the operation would
soil and meteorological station be domestic and
surface water minimum.
To ensure that the mitigation plan is implemented, a monitoring plan should be developed.

28
IX. The Negative Checklist (Site Selection Criteria)

A negative checklist is shown below to identify main environmental and social factors to
be considered when selecting sites and installing hydrometeorological station.For the
meteorological stations to be constructed in the future, the following checklist should be
utilized in order to avoid the work in sensitive locations. This checklist can be also
utilized during the implementation when inspection is conducted by the PCU.

Before Installation
Item Negative list
Location Owned by private owner(s) or donated land
Needs to acquire land, or an individual or
community’s access to land or available resources is
restricted or lost, or any individual or family is
displaced
Site prone to flooding
Close to residential areas
Public participation Local community not consulted
Biodiversity May affect a protected area, endangered and endemic
species or a critical natural habitat
May affect fauna and flora adversely
Cultural Heritage May affect cultural heritage locations and buildings
Efficiency Have obstacles affecting readings
During installation
Air Quality Cause dust particles near the site that would pollute
the air.
Drinking water May affect the quantity and quality of drinking water
supplied to the neighboring residents
Groundwater May affect quality or quantity of water.
Solid Waste Result in production of solid wastes which should be
transported to landfill.
After Installation
Emissions May expose workers and people in the neighborhood
adversely to electromagnetic field

X. Monitoring and Reporting

Monitoring of ESMP implementation is through regular reporting system in addition to

regular site visits. A part time Environmental Advisor and a part time Social Advisor in
the Project Coordination Unit (PCU) will prepare a monitoring plan and conduct site
visits as part of its monitoring responsibilities. In terms of reporting, the PCU in its
quarterly progress report will include the status and issues related to ESMP
implementation if any, and mitigation measures applied.

29
XI. Public consultation

The consultations with the government authorities operating the meteorological stations,
meetings with other stakeholders like farmers, water users, fishers and women were
heldin December 2012 in
Dhamar, Aden,
“Fishers feel the changes in climate at sea while on
Hadhramut, Seiyun, and
the fishing grounds, they feel the sea level rise,
Mulalla (Annex 8). The
current strength and approach. If possible, we
farmers, water users and
recommend that the project supplies us with simple
fishers welcomed the
equipment to measure fundamental parameters to
supplyof modernized and
help fishers at sea. We will definitely need training
upgraded stations. In fact,
on use of the equipment and how to maintain them
all wanted to have
and analyze the data.”
meteorological equipment
Omar Qambeet
with various complexities
Box. 1 Quotation from Mr. O. Qambeet Head of
fitting the use of the
Hadhramut Fishers Union 26/12/2012
stakeholder. According to
Omar Qambeet –head of
the Hadhramut Fishers Union, (see box 1), the fishers need quick information about
climate change for safety purposes. There is a lapse of valuable time if they wait for
information from the Fishers Union in Sana’a which receives the data from
CAMA/YMS.

XII. Legislative and Regulatory Considerations

During the last two of the past century Yemen experienced serious economic difficulties
which adversely impacted the social and economic situation and triggered accelerated
environmental degradation. The unemployment, poverty, and general state of the -social
and economic degradation in the country represented a growing threat to Yemen's
environment. Since 1995 efforts were exerted to alleviate such problems. Liberalization
of the economy, decontrol of prices, and floatation of the currency and encouragement of
local and foreign investments were made. However, corruption and weakness of the
institutional and legislative contexts hampered the realization of the changes attempted
by the economic reform.

Focus on environmental work and management evolved with institutional development

from a stage focusing on combating environmental degradation and pollution to a stage
centered more on sustainable use of the natural resources. The draft mandates of the
Ministry of Water and Environment (MW&E) and the Environment Protection Authority
(EPA) include the responsibilities to coordinate development of general environmental
policy, environmental laws and standards, in addition to enhancing environmental
awareness, dissemination of environmental information and development of national
capacities. EPA reports directly to the MW&E. The EPA is also expected to meet the
additional tasks mandated by the Environment Protection Law (EPL) of 1995,

30
particularly in environmental monitoring and impact assessment. Environmental
management at sectoral levels including sectoral policy and legislation development is
the responsibility of each relevant line ministry or agency in coordination with
MW&E/EPA. The line ministries and agencies are also responsible for implementation of
environmental activities within the context of their area of concern. There are also other
support government ministries and agencies. These agencies support and facilitate
realization and implementation of environmental activities and management tools. The
public too contributes in environmental work either in an organized form i.e. non
government organizations (NGOs), community based organization CBOs or through
community participation at local levels.

By the end of the 20th century Yemen had enacted several Laws and Republican
Resolutions, bylaws and regulations pertaining directly or indirectly to the conservation
of the environment and to natural resources as indicated in box 2 below.

In addition, several resolutions issued by the Prime Minister are considered part of the
overall legislation. Normally, such resolutions regulate the structure and functions of
government agencies. They are considered legal documents as bylaws and regulations.
The Environment Protection Law (26) of 1995 (EPL) is the main law governing
protection of the environment. The Prime Minister’s Decree (148) of 2000 represents the
bylaw interpreting the articles of the EPL. It is an important legal document governing in
its annexes the lists of categories of projects requiring environmental impact assessments
(EIA) in addition to other lists comprising some parameters for the purpose of
environmental monitoring. Other important laws include the Water Law (33) for 2002
particularly Chapter (3) Articles (54-60) which regulate the pollution of water resources.
Another relevant law is Law (21) for 1994 on Archeological Heritage particularly Part (3)
Articles (10-19) which regulate the protection and maintenance of archeological
structures (mobile or fixed).

Several problems are witnessed at the legislative level including overlaps, ambiguity,
redundancy, contradictions, conflicts and gaps in the laws pertaining to environmental
issues and natural resources management. In addition, lack of awareness of the laws and
the bylaws, clear correlations between penalties and non compliance had led to weak
implementation.

31
Box 2 Yemen Laws and Republican Resolutions Relevant to the Environment.
Examples of such legislations include the following:
Republican Resolution (Presidential Resolution) by law number (37) for 1991, territorial Sea, the
Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and the Continental Shelf
Law number (43) for 1997 regarding amendments to the Republican Resolution by law (42) for
1992 concerning the regulation of fishing, living marine resources and their conservation.
Republican Resolution by law (50) for 1991 on Mines and Quarries
Republican Resolution by law (11) for 1993 on Protection of the Marine Environment from
Pollution
Republican Resolution by law (12) for 1994 on Crimes and Penalties
Republican Resolution by law (21) for 1994 on Archeological Heritage
Republican Resolution by law (22) on Tourism
Republican Resolution by law number (22) for1991on Investment and its amendments by Law
(14) for 1995 on Investment
Republican Resolution by law (20) for 1995 0n Urban Planning
Republican Resolution by law (21) for 1995 on State lands and Property
Republican Resolution by law (26) for 1995 on the Protection of the Environment
Prime Minister’s Decree (148) for 2000 on the Executive Regulations of the EPL (26) for 1995.

32
ANNEX 1. ToR for ESMP

Yemen – Pilot Program for Climate Resilience (PPCR) Investment I

Climate Information System and PPCR Coordination Project

Terms of Reference
Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP)
I. Background

Due to its high vulnerability to climate change, Yemen was chosen as one of the pilot countries
under the Pilot Program for Climate Resilience (PPCR). The objective of the PPCR is to provide
incentives for scaled-up action and transformational change through pilot projects that
demonstrate how to integrate climate risk and resilience into core development planning, while
complementing other ongoing development activities in a given country. The PPCR will be
country-led, and will enable pilot countries to transform country-specific plans and investment
programs in order to address climate risks and vulnerabilities, building on National Adaptation
Programs of Action (NAPAs) and other relevant country studies and strategies. Substantial
programmatic resources will then be made available to help fund the newly identified public and
private sector investments.

The PPCR process will have two phases: Phase I will prepare the Strategic Program for Climate
Resilience (SPCR), and Phase II will implement priority interventions identified under Phase I.
Through a series of consultations with various stakeholders, including different line ministries
and agencies of the Government of Yemen (GOY), development partners, and civil society, the
Yemen-PPCR team developed the Phase I proposal, which has been approved by the PPCR Sub-
Committee, the oversight entity for the PPCR. In Yemen, the PPCR process will concentrate on
addressing the following four pillars under Phase I: (I) climate change information system and
awareness raising related to climate resilience; (II) mainstreaming climate change resilience into
core national development planning and capacity building; (III) developing the SPCR; and (IV)
strengthening the Technical Secretariat (TS)/Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) and
Program Coordination Unit (PCU) to facilitate implementation of the PPCR. Based on several
consultations with national stakeholders, civil society and development partners, four main areas
of interventions have been identified under the Phase II of the PPCR program and the Climate
Info System & PPCR Coordination Project is one of the four interventions proposed.

The main development objective of the proposed project is to improve the quality of hydro-
meteorological and climate services provided to end-users and to strengthen knowledge
management. The project will support the improvement of hydrometeorological and climate
services delivery; increase climate resilience and reduce future economic losses associated with
extreme weather caused by climate variability and change; and improve coordination and
information sharing between all of agencies responsible for the collection of climate data,
analysis and decision-support as well as maintain the oversight of the PPCR program, particularly
in regards to knowledge management, awareness rising and information sharing with
stakeholders.

The project is to consist of the following components:

Component A.Institutional Strengthening, Capacity Building and Implementation Support

33
Component B. Modernization of the National Hydrometeorological and Monitoring Networks
Component C. Enhancement of the Service Delivery System
Component D. Program Coordination and Knowledge Sharing

(i) Component A: Institutional Strengthening and Capacity Building. The objective of

Component A is to create the conditions that ensure institutional, staffing and financial
sustainability of organizations improving climate resilience in Yemen through provision of
weather, climate and water services that meet stakeholders’ needs. There are three
subcomponents:
• Subcomponent A.1 – Institutional Strengthening and Development of a legal and
regulatory framework, which includes: (1.1) CAMA/YMS institutional development
and strategic planning for weather and climate services; (1.2) Revising legal and
regulatory framework for all institutions; and (1.3) Assessing staffing and operating
and maintenance costs.
• Subcomponent A.2 – Capacity Building and Training, which includes: (2.1)
Developing and implementing a capacity training program for CAMA/YMS and
users, including personnel training and retraining, and education at universities and
short courses in WMO regional training centers; (2.2) Implementing training
activities – workshops and round table discussions for major users from sectors such
as: disaster risk management, agriculture, water resources, energy, heath and civil
aviation.
• Subcomponent A.3 Technical implementation support, which includes: (3.1)
Technical design of observing and forecasting systems.

(ii) Component B. Modernization of the National Hydrometeorological Observing

Networks: This component aims to upgrade and expand the meteorological observations
networks for meteorology, agro-meteorology and hydro-meteorology, ensuring that these
networks are interoperable between CAMA/YMS, MAI, NWRA and AREA to ensure the
efficient and timely transmission of information that is essential for management of disaster risks,
agriculture and water resources. Collection of high-quality data is the foundation of producing
reliable weather forecasts and warnings as well as monthly and longer term climate outlooks.
There are three subcomponents:
• Subcomponent B.1 – Technical modernization of the observing networks, which
includes: (1.1) Extending the weather and climate surface observing network for
CAMA/YMS; (1.2) Installing hydrometeorological stations to refurbish and expand
the existing hydrometeorological stations; (1.3) Installing automatic
agrometeorological stations to refurbish and expand the existing agro-meteorological
stations; (1.5) Installing at least one Doppler weather radar next to the monitoring
station in Dhamar to improve the monitoring and forecasting of high impact events
associated with heavy precipitation and other weather related hazards. (1.6) Installing
up to three upper air stations measuring profiles of temperature, humidity and wind
speed and direction; (1.7) Upgrading of the CAMA/YMS calibration laboratory for
the use of all network operators; and (1.8) installing up to 3 standard marine stations
in Mukalla, Aden, and al-Mukalla
• Subcomponent B.2 – Modernization of the communication and ICT system, which
includes: (2.1) Updating communication equipment of all observing networks
(CAMA/YMS, MAI, AREA, NWRA and EPA); (2.2) Assessing and strengthening
34
 the national data management system, including archiving and data rescue; and (2.3)
Upgrading operational satellite receiving systems for forecasting and mapping
applications.
• Subcomponent B.3 – Design and pilot operation of an environmental monitoring
system, which includes. (3.1) Developing a needs assessment and design of air
quality monitoring networks; and (3.2) Piloting an operational air quality monitoring
network.

(iii) Component C. Enhancement of the Service Delivery System: This component aims to
enhance the delivery of services. This is a key program component that provides for the
implementation of a systematic upgrade of the weather, climate and water-related end-to-end
services provided to all agencies, communities and individuals. There are four subcomponents

• Component C.1 – Enhancement of Public Weather Service for agriculture, water

resources and irrigation, DRM, media, civil aviation, health, energy, which includes:
(1.1) Upgrading CAMA/YMS forecaster workstations and software to integrate all
available observations and numerical weather prediction products to increase
efficiency in the preparation and delivery of weather forecasts and warnings; (1.2)
Introducing specialized communication instruments, including TV, radio, SMS,
Internet to improve the dissemination of forecasts and warnings in line with WMO
recommendations; and (1.3) Enhancing the capability to assess the impact of
forecasts and warning on end-users utilizing survey tools that provide capability to
differentiate the impact of the forecast on by gender, age and other demographic
indicators.
• Component C.2 – Support of Disaster Risk Management operations for all DRM
stakeholders. Given the importance of flash floods to Yemen, a complete end-to-end
pilot for two regions (in the range of 10-20,000 km2) is proposed. In this case end-to-
end means an early warning system with the capacity to provide guidance, alert
appropriate authorities and provide subsequent guidance to individuals and
communities through various channels including for example NGOs, CBOs and
CSOs, which includes: (2.1) Developing Standard Operating Procedures, guidelines,
warning protocols and signals agreed with all stakeholders including communities;
(2.2) Introducing forecaster workstations, communication systems and developing
software for a multi hazard warning and information delivery system, including
implementation of the WMO Flash Flood Forecasting Guidance System; and (2.3)
Providing operational training and drills with government stakeholders and
communities.
• Component C.3 – Improvement of Service Delivery to Sectorial, communities and
individuals differentiated by gender, age, and other demographic indicators, which
includes: (3.1) Improving quality and utility of weather and climate information for
water resources through NWRA; (3.2) Improving quality and utility of weather and
climate information for agriculture through MAI and AREA; and (3.3) Improving
quality and utility of weather and climate information for mariners.
• Component C.4 – Creation of the National Climate Service within CAMA/YMS,
which includes: (4.1) Introducing computer systems to access climate information

35
 from national sources, WMO and other regional centers; (4.2) Translating and
delivering climate information in a form that can be easily understood and utilized by
end-users; (4.3) Developing a digital library of climate-relevant information from all
sectors for Yemen, including software to downscale climate forecasts; and (4.4)
Implementing a National Framework for Climate Services, as proposed in the WMO
Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS), and support to sectoral working
groups, such as a Climate and Health Working Group or Climate and Agriculture
Working Group, which would provide local training and knowledge transfer to e.g.
communities, CSOs and CBOs

(iv) Component D: PPCR Program Management and Knowledge Sharing: This umbrella
component aims to provide a single entry point for the management of the overall PPCR Program
in particular in regards to coordination, awareness rising and knowledge management. This
component will purchase equipment, software, and technologies and will provide consultancy
services to support investment and incremental operational costs of program management
including that of consulting staff and training housed in the PPCR-PCU established in the EPA.
There are two subcomponents:

• Component D.1 – PPCR Coordination and Monitoring

(1.1) PPRC Implementation support (PCU), which includes fiducial responsibilities for the
entire project (procurement administration and updating of the procurement plan,
financial management and reporting, safeguards, monitoring and evaluation and
reporting).
(1.2) Regularly consolidate the results achieved by the PPCR activities for presentation to the
Inter-Ministerial Committee for Climate Change (IMCCC).
(1.3) Support and monitor the integration of gender sensitive approaches throughout PPCR
implementation will be given a high priority.
• Component D.2 – Knowledge Sharing
(2.1) Carry out public education and outreach activities geared towards improving
information access and awareness rising of the challenges caused by climate change.
(2.2) Carry out the coordination of the PPCR program implementation, particularly in regards
to knowledge management and information/data sharing.
(2.3) Develop and disseminate targeted knowledge products that are relevant to a variety of
stakeholders and distill in a synergistic effort the results achieved by the projects under
the SPCR.

II. Objective of the ESMP:

The purpose of an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) is to assess the potential
environmental and social impacts including gender aspects of the Climate Information System
and PPCR Coordination Project. Minor impacts are expected especially for the activities under
the Component B.1 such as installation of monitoring equipment and Doppler weather Radar, and
upgrading marine observations. This study will address potential impacts of different alternatives
and propose relevant mitigation measures and strategies. The study will establish clear directives
and methodologies for the evaluation of activities to be financed by the project including site
selection criteria. The study will culminate in an ESMP to ensure that all activities financed under
the project are in compliance with the World Bank’s safeguard policies. The output of this
consultancy is intended to help ensure that the proposed project will be environmentally and
socially sound and sustainable.

36
III. Scope of Work

Primary tasks will be to assess potential environmental and social impacts including gender prior
to and during project implementation, incorporate a system for monitoring those impacts, and
develop a capacity building program for stakeholders to carry out effective risk management
throughout the project. This will result in a final report that will address the following:

1) Describe the proposed project.Provide information of the activities under Component B.1
on the following: potential location of all project sites and general layout and extent of
facilities at project sites; design basis, size, capacity; pre-construction activities; construction
activities (if any), schedule, staffing and support, facilities and services; operation and
maintenance activities, management of risks, including health and safety; life expectancy for
major components.
.
2) Describe the Environment and Socio-cultural Environment. Assemble and evaluate and
baseline data on the environmental characteristics of the study area, including river
basin/watershed, inundation, floodplain and biological features (habitats and rare species,
fisheries), floodplain (recession) agriculture. Include maps and photos as appropriate.
a. Physical environment: geology, topography, soils, climate, surface and ground water
hydrology, erosion and sediment loading, existing/projected pollution discharges and
receiving water quality; instances of flooding, siltation/erosion;
b. Biological environment: flora and fauna, including rare or endangered species; sensitive
natural habitats, including parks and reserves; potential vectors for disease; exotics and
aquatic weeds; application of pesticides and fertilizers (current and projected)
c. Socio-cultural environment: land use; fisheries and farm/industrial outputs and inputs;
transportation; land tenure and land titling; present water supply and water uses (including
current distribution of water resources); control over allocation of resource use rights; gender
issue; water-related human health problems; cultural sites.

3) Preparation of site selection criteria. An Environmental and Social Management Plan will
be prepared for all of the known project existing sites. As to unknown sites, develop a site
selection criteria including negative checklist of the project sites such as locations which will
require private or community land acquisition, locations which has risk of flood, and
environmentally and socially sensitive areas, etc.

4) Legislative and Regulatory Considerations. Describe the relevant environmental laws,

regulations and standards at international, national, regional and local levels.

5) Determination of the Potential Impacts of and Impacts on the Proposed Project.

Consider the activities to be financed by the project, examine potential environmental and
social impacts including gender, both individual and cumulative, for each activity. The study
will consult information available from the existing PPCR project documents (PCN, ISDS,
Aide Memoires, examples of PPCR projects in other countries, etc). The study will describe
the principal problems and environmental and social impacts, which may result from
activities, and suggest appropriate mitigation measures.
37
6) Analysis of Alternatives to the Proposed Project. Describe alternatives that were
examined in the course of developing the proposed project and identify other alternatives that
would achieve the same objectives. Compare alternatives in terms of potential environmental
impacts, land requirements, capital and operating costs, reliability, suitability under local
conditions, and institutional, training, and monitoring requirements. When describing the
impacts, indicate which are irreversible or unavoidable and which may be mitigated. To the
extent possible, quantify the costs and benefits of each alternative, incorporating the
estimated costs of any associated mitigating measures. Include the alternative of not
constructing the project to demonstrate environmental conditions without it.

7) Development of an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP). Estimate the

impacts and costs of the mitigation measures and of the institutional and training
requirements to implement them. Prepare an ESMP, including proposed work programs,
budget estimates the entity responsible for it financing, schedules, staffing and training
requirements, and other necessary support services to implement the mitigating measures,
monitoring, etc.

Prepare a detailed plan to monitor the implementation of mitigating measures and the impacts
of the project during construction and operation. Include in the plan an estimate of capital and
operating costs and a description of other inputs (such as training and institutional
strengthening) needed to implement the plan. Develop a monitoring and evaluation system
for environmental and social impacts and significant environmental and social values to be
included in the overall project monitoring and evaluation system and clarify each role (who
will do what and when?). The plan should define measurable indicators and propose
methodologies for measurement, including a definition of who should measure the different
indicators and at which intervals.

Review the authority and capability of institutions at local, provincial/regional, and national
levels and recommend steps to strengthen or expand them so that the ESMP may be
effectively implemented. The recommendations may extend to new laws and regulations, new
agencies or agency functions, intersectoral arrangements, management procedures and
training, staffing, operation and maintenance training, budgeting, and financial support.

An outline of the contents of the ESMP to be included in the project’s Operational Manual
should be provided along with environmental/social protection clauses for contracts and
specifications.

IV. Deliverables and Reporting

Specific outputs of this consultancy will be a final Environmental and Social Management Plan
(ESMP) in English and in Arabic. The consultant will share the main findings with the
stakeholders ans the suggested/agreed mitigation measures during a presentation and help the
PCU organize a public consultation workshop by identifying the stakeholders (including civil
servant, government officials, implementation agencies, NGOs, Enterprises involved in the
equipment installation and works controlling entities eventually community representative around
the selected sites etc.) to be invited. The consultant will summarize comments received at the
public consultation and revised the draft ESMP accordingly.

38
During his field visits the consultant should ensure that all the investment should be done in the
government existing land and no new land will be involved for these project activities.

The consultant should report to the PCU. Electronic version of each document should be
available in MS WORD format and in pdf files.

V. Qualification

The successful consultant will be expected to assume responsibility for all matters related to the
completion of the deliverables.
The consultant must demonstrate:
• Proven experience of Environmental Assessment (EA), environmental management and
work on climate changes issues.
• At least 8 years of experience in similar assignments on environmental and social
assessment, management and/or climate change.
• Familiarity on the Bank safeguards Policies( OP4.01 and OP 4.12) will be a plus

VI. Duration

30 days starting from December 15, 2012 to January 30, 2013

VII. Reporting and Payment Schedule

The following reports will be presented:

• First draftESMP should be prepared no later than January 15, 2013. Once this
report is approved, 50% of the contract amount will be paid.
• Final ESMPincluding the results from the public consultation should be prepared
no later than January 30, 2013. Once this report is approved, 50% of the contract
amount will be paid.

39
 ANNEX 2. Group (1)
Automatic Rain Fall Stations in Hadhramut Governorate GSCP Field Unit

N Station Location District Governora E N Ele S. No. Of S. No. of Installati

o. Name te v. Rain DPX on Date
(m) Gauge Data Logger
Bucket
1 Syaun Ag. Training Syaun Hadramut 15 56 04 48 47 87 692 98 – 3007 8535– 33 /5/22
Center 2005
2 Tareem Ag. Extension Tareem Hadramut 16 02 93 49 00 22 645 98 = 3015 8518 – 16 /5/22
Unit 2005
3 Sah Ag. Extension Sah Hadramut 15 35 83 48 15 02 782 98 – 3083 8507 – 50 /5/24
Unit 2005
4 Al-Khashah Ag. Extension Al- Hadramut 15 46 01 48 16 11 737 98 – 3080 8566 – 64 /5/24
Unit in Qaudhah Khashah 2005
5 Hawrah Ag. Compound Wadi Hadramut 15 42 91 48 18 71 753 98 – 3050 8590 – 88 /5/25
In Ardh Al- Iyen and 2005
MaKhashen Hawrah
6 Al-Qatten Buqshan Farm Al- Hadramut 15 48 74 48 25 05 681 98 – 3008 8533 – 13 /5/26
Qatten 2005
7 Shibam Branch of Water Shibam Hadramut 15 55 36 48 37 89 672 98 – 3089 8597 – 95 /5/27
Co. 2005
8 Dowa'an Bin Mahfodh Dowa'an Hadramut 15 35 57 48 19 03 770 98 – 3027 8522 - 20 /5/28
Farm Al- 2005
Mashhad
9 Abdullah Security Chick Al- Hadramut 14 50 72 49 09 65 252 98 - 3035 8536 - 34 2005/6/6
Gharib Point Mukala
10 Al-Sadarah House of Ali Hajjer Hadramut 14 29 85 48 05 09 452 98 – 3048 8601 - 99 2005/6/8
Omar Mohamed
Ba-Latief
40
11 Al-Heylah Aiysha School Mayfa'a Hadramut 14 08 05 48 39 17 49 98 – 3111 8584 – 82 2005/6/8
Ba-Taiss Broom
12 Buroom ‫ا‬Health Unit Mayfa'a Hadramut 14 2 91 48 58 98 17 98 – 3036 8568 – 66 2005/6/8
Buroom
13 Mayfa'a Wadi Hijjir Mayfa'a Hadramut 14 06 96 48 42 24 28 98 - 3033 8541 – 39 2005/6/9
Hijjer Development Broom
Project

41
N Station Location District Governo N E Ele S. No. Of S. No. of Installati
o. Name rate v. Rain Gauge DPX on Date
(m) Bucket Data
Logger
1 Syaun Ag. Training Syaun Hadram 48 47 87 15 56 04 692 98 – 3007 8535– 33 /5/22
Center ut 2005
2 Tareem Ag. Extension Tareem Hadram 49 00 22 16 02 93 645 98 = 3015 8518 – 16 /5/22
Unit ut 2005
3 Sah Ag. Extension Sah Hadram 48 15 02 15 35 83 782 98 – 3083 8507 – 50 /5/24
Unit ut 2005
4 Al- Ag. Extension Al- Hadram 48 16 11 15 46 01 737 98 – 3080 8566 – 64 /5/24
Khashah Unit in Qaudhah Khashah ut 2005
5 Hawrah Ag. Compound Wadi Iyen Hadram 48 18 71 15 42 91 753 98 – 3050 8590 – 88 /5/25
In Ardh Al- and ut 2005
MaKhashen Hawrah
6 Al-Qatten Buqshan Farm Al-Qatten Hadram 48 25 05 15 48 74 681 98 – 3008 8533 – 13 /5/26
ut 2005
7 Shibam Branch of Water Shibam Hadram 48 37 89 15 55 36 672 98 – 3089 8597 – 95 /5/27
Co. ut 2005
8 Dowa'an Bin Mahfodh Dowa'an Hadram 48 19 03 15 35 57 770 98 – 3027 8522 - 20 /5/28
Farm Al- ut 2005
Mashhad
9 Abdullah Security Chick Al- Hadram 49 09 65 14 50 72 252 98 - 3035 8536 - 34 2005/6/6
Gharib Point Mukala ut
10 Al- House of Ali Hajjer Hadram 48 05 09 14 29 85 452 98 – 3048 8601 - 99 2005/6/8
Sadarah Omar Mohamed ut
Ba-Latief
11 Al-Heylah Aiysha School Mayfa'a Hadram 48 39 17 14 08 05 49 98 – 3111 8584 – 82 2005/6/8
Ba-Taiss Broom ut
42
 12 Buroom ‫ا‬Health Unit Mayfa'a Hadram 48 58 98 14 2 91 17 98 – 3036 8568 – 66 2005/6/8
Buroom ut
13 Mayfa'a Wadi Hijjir Mayfa'a Hadram 48 42 24 14 06 96 28 98 - 3033 8541 – 39 2005/6/9
Hijjer Development Broom ut
Project

Automatic Rain Fall Stations in Shabwah Governorate

GSCP Field Unit

No. Station Location District Governorate Elev. E N S. No. Of S. No. of Installation

Name (m) Rain Gauge DPX Date
Bucket Data Logger
1 Hareeb Security Center Hareeb Marib 1232 14 55 94 29 55 3034 8534-32 2005/5/1
45
2 Bayhan Al- Abdullah Al-Gaish Bayhan Shabwah 1145 14 48 11 42 71 3099 8554-52 2005/5/1
Elya House 45
3 Nuqob GSCP (FU) Al- Bayhan Shabwah 1169 14 59 11 47 32 3081 8529-27 2005/5/2
Nuqob 45
4 Al-Hegair Ag. Extension Markhah Shabwah 1653 14 35 19 10 27 3014 8615-113 2005/5/2
Center 46
5 Khawrah Telecommunication Khawrah Shabwah 1215 14 26 18 03 73 3004 8608-106 2005/5/3
Central 46
6 Nessab Ag. Extension Nessab Shabwah 1125 14 29 80 29 06 3108 8530-28 2005/5/4
Compound 46
7 Al-Saeed Telecommunication Al- Shabwah 1216 14 19 98 52 49 3059 8511-09 2005/5/5
Central Saeed 46
8 Ataq Agriculture Office Ataq Shabwah 1207 14 31 57 51 21 3120 8622-120 2005/5/6
46
9 Hebban Agriculture Office Hebban Shabwah 947 14 20 69 04 31 3093 8609-107 2005/5/7
47
10 Mayfaah Ag. Extension Mayfaah Shabwah 14 0015 34 00 3045 8565-63 2005/5/8
43
 Compound 47
11 Beir Ali Health Center Rudhom Shabwah 17 14 01 55 47 6320 3047 8581-38 2005/5/9
12 Rudhom Admin. Office Rudhom Shabwah 212 14 50 41 43 86 3026 8586-84 2005/5/9
47
13 Eyad Health Unit Rudhom Shabwah 950 14 51 32 59 79 3096 8581-79 2005/5/11
46
14 Arrma Arrma Hospital Arrma Shabwah 1075 15 20 67 25 43 3032 8621-119 2005/5/10
47

44
 Manual Complete Weather and Manual Rain fall Gauge Stations in Shabwah Governorate
GSCP Field Unit

No. Station Location District Governorate Elev. N E S. No. of S. No. Of Installation

Name (m) DPX Rain Gauge Date
Data Logger Bucket
1 Bayhan Al- Bayhan Shabwah 1169 45 3247 14 59 11 --- ----- 2005/5/2
Nuqob

Automatic Wadi flow Station in Shabwah Governorate

GSCP Field Unit

No. Station Location District Governorate Elev. N E S. No. of DPX Installation

Name (m) Data Logger Date
1 Hareeb Darb Al-Mareef / Hareeb Marib 1160 45 30 99 14 57 02 8472 - 673 2005/5/1
Lafdhat Al-Fadhli
2 Bayhan Al-Qarnin / Bayhan Shabwah 1263 45 43 36 14 49 36 8467 – 668 2005/5/12
Byhan Alilia
3 Markhah Al-Hajar / Dafa Markhah Shabwah 1120 46 06 59 14 43 72 8500- 1124 2005/5/14
Al-Sayed
4 Khawrah Al-Garshah Khawrah Shabwah 1155 46 01 04 14 29 10 84842- 1099 2005/5/12
5 ‫ا‬Hammam Beer Al-Shaiessi/ Nessab Shabwah 1078 46 32 26 14 32 47 8492 - 1110 2005/5/15
Al-Oshah
6 Yashbum Matrah Al-Thabit Al-Saeed Shabwah 1225 46 55 23 14 18 98 8499 - 1123 2005/5/17

45
ANNEX 3. Group (2)
Hydro-meteorological Stations in (Taiz, Ibb, Al-Dhale’e, Lahej, and Abyan Governorates)
GSCP (April – May, 2005)

Station Station Type Location Elev. Coordinates Coordinates (Km) Model and Serial No.
Name (M) (Degree)
E N E N data tipping
logger bucket
DPX
1 Om-Sudah Auto. Rain Om-Sudah near 407 41 4533 13 28 50 3018-98 Dpx Rg-
Gauge by the Water 842-8545-43
supply project
2 Om- Auto. Rain Arkuob Al- 741 49 4617 30 56 13 3092-98 Dpx Rg-842-
Graidah Gauge Ahmar Omar 8542-40
Ben Abdullaziz
School
3 Ludar Auto. Rain Central High 1006 35 4551 07 1353 3021-98 DpxRg-842-
Gauge Lands Project 8544-42
Luder
4 Mudiah Auto. Rain Agr. Nursery - 878 04 46 42 1356 3086-98 Dpx Rg-842-
Gauge Mudiah 51 8556-54
5 Al-Mahfad Auto. Rain Well of Al- 662 41 4654 26 1403 3040-98 Dpx Rg-842-
Gauge Mahfad Water 8604-102
Supply Project
6 Shukrah Auto. Rain Health Center – 12 42 45 32 21 13 3105-98 Dpx Rg-842-
Gauge Shukrah 12 8571-69
7 Al- Auto. Rain Al-Mualah 531 07 4627 33 1358 3013-98 Dpx Rg-842-
Mugalah Gauge School 8599-97

8 Om- Auto. Rain Water Reservoir 815 46 09 13 54 53 98-3075 Dpx Rg-842-

46
 Kulaitah Gauge of Japan Water 33 8515-13
Supply (Om-
Kulitah –Wadi
Wager)
9 Naser Auto. Rain Naser Faculty - 137 12 4453 10 1303 487710 1442984 98-3011 Dpx Rg-842-
Faculty Gauge Lahej 8617-115
10 Naser Comp. Naser Faculty - 137 53 44 10 03 13 487710 1442984
Faculty Weather Lahej 12
Station

Group (2): Hydro-meteorological Stations in (Taiz, Ibb, Al-Dhale’e, Lahej, and Abyan Governorates)
GSCP (April – May, 2005)

No Station Station Type Location Elev. Coordinates Coordinates (Km) Model and Serial No.
Name (M) (Degree)
E N E N data tipping
logger bucket
DPX
11 Rehab Auto. Rain Agri. Office 1540 411101 1572962 30-98 Dpx Rg-842-
Gauge Rehab
12 Al-Dalil Auto. Rain Agri. Office Al- 1788 418612 1561427 30-98 Dpx Rg-842-
Gauge Makader 8573-71
13 Al-Adharib Auto. Rain Health 1704 408591 1505907 30-98 Dpx Rg-842-
Gauge Compound –Al- 8583-81
Adharib
14 Kadas Auto. Rain Health Center – 1915 406032 1470226 3090-98 Dpx Rg-842-
Gauge Kadass 8575-73
15 Al- Auto. Rain Agri. Center Al- 1068 424636 1479131 3017-98 Dpx Rg-842-
Rahidah Gauge Rahidah 8555-53
47
16 Labuass Auto. Rain Agri. Office 2230 526689 1533905 3053-98 Dpx Rg-842-
Gauge Labuass 8591-89
17 Rada’a Auto. Rain Rural 2168 481096 1591146 3054-98 Dpx Rg-842-
Gauge Development 8562-60
Office – Al-
Kubar
18 Tour Al- Auto. Rain Sya’a – Tour Al- 569 427523 1452300 3100-98 Dpx Rg-842-
Baha Gauge Baha 8580-78
19 Tour Al- Comp. Sya’a – Tour Al- 569 427523 1452300
Baha Weather Baha
Station
20 Rebat Al- Auto. Rain Agr. Center 2551 428726 1570461 3042-98 Dpx Rg-842-
Kala’a Gauge (Rebat Al- 8574-72
Kala'a)
21 Rebat Al- Comp. Agr. Center 2551 428726 1570461
Kala’a Weather (Rebat Al-
Station Kala'a)
22 Yareem Auto. Rain Agr. Compound 2661 432936 1581536 3704-98 Dpx Rg-842-
Gauge Yareem 8595

Group (2): Hydro-meteorological Stations in (Taiz, Ibb, Al-Dhale’e, Lahej, and Abyan Governorates)
GSCP (April – May, 2005)

No Station Station Type Location Elev. Coordinates Coordinates (Km) Model and Serial No.
Name (M) (Degree)
E N E N data tipping
logger bucket
DPX
23 Al-Radmah Auto. Rain Agr. Center Al- 2212 397439 1748626 3119-98 Dpx Rg-842-
Gauge Radmah 8505
48
24 Al-Shuaib Auto. Rain Al-Shuaib 2078 485336 1529531 3113-98 Dpx Rg-842-
Gauge Police Station 8552
25 Al-Barh Auto. Rain Agr. Compound 524 359788 1487270 3070-98 Dpx Rg-842-
Gauge 8507-55
26 Al-Selow Auto. Rain Al-Sharaf 1880 411638 1479268 3079-98 Dpx Rg-842-
Gauge Village 8567-65
27 Wadi Al- Auto Wadi Al-Rowaiy 917 385161 1466874 Dpx-wl65-
Kail Flow St. 841-8479-
1059
28 Aqan Auto Wadi Wadi Aqan 508 461291 1478757 Dpx-wl65-
Flow St. 841-8476-
1087
29 Baizeg Auto Wadi Al-Wadi Al- 193 484481 1450593 Dpx-wl65-
Dam Flow St. Sagheer 841-8494-
1114
30 Falej Dam Auto Wadi Al-Wadi Al- 178 483668 1448167 Dpx-wl65-
Flow St. Kabeer 841-8471-
672
31 Al- Auto Wadi Wadi Maden 573 428229 1453938 Dpx-wl65-
Katabiah Flow St. 841-8501-
1125
32 Saba Dam Auto Wadi Wadi Al- 612 483867 1492725 Dpx-wl65-
(1) Flow St. Rabwah 841-8496-
1119
33 Saba Dam Auto Wadi Wadi Al- 612 484011 1492661 Dpx-wl65-
(2) Flow St. Rabwah 841-841-671
34 Rebat Al- Manual Rain Agr. Center 2551 428726 1570461
Kala’a Fal (Rebat Al-
Kala'a)
35 Sya’ah Manual Rain Sya’a – Tour 569 427523 1452300
Fall Al-Baha
49
Group (2): Hydro-meteorological Stations in (Taiz, Ibb, Al-Dhale’e, Lahej, and Abyan Governorates)
GSCP (April – May, 2005)

No Station Station Type Location Elev. Coordinates Coordinates (Km) Model and Serial No.
Name (M) (Degree)
E N E N data tipping
logger bucket
DPX
36 Naser Manual Rain Naser Faculty - 137 12 4453 10 1303 487710 1442984 3011-98 Dpx Rg-842-
Faculty Fal Lahej 8617-115
37 Auto Wadi -8495-841
Al-Rawdah Flow St. Wadi Hassan 326 37 4535 03 1329 DPX 1118
38 Auto Wadi -8473-841
Al-Hashma Flow St. Wadi Bana;a 202 35 4516 29 1322 DPX 674
39 Al-Dew Auto Wadi -8473-841
Dam Flow St. Wadi Bana’a 76 26 4516 46 1312 DPX 1102
40 Al-Fuad Auto Wadi -8477-841
Dam Flow St. Wadi Ahwar 70 47 4640 11 1336 DPX 1089
41 Wadi Auto Wadi -8482-841
Malah Flow St. Mudiah 700 34 4609 10 1350 DPX 1096
42 Auto Wadi -8497-841
Al-Sadarah Flow St. Wadi Hajer 433 06 4805 16 1430 DPX 1120
43 Auto Wadi -8493-841
Al-Maber Flow St. Wadi Hajer 331 46 4833 51 1415 DPX 1111
44 Auto Wadi -8481-841
Dukim Flow St. Delta Tuban 43 4444 12 1317 DPX 1095
45 Saylat Auto Wadi -8486-841
Muka’a Flow St. Upper Warazan 1200 00 4410 02 1323 DPX 1101

50
Group (2): Hydro-meteorological Stations in (Taiz, Ibb, Al-Dhale’e, Lahej, and Abyan Governorates)
GSCP (April – May, 2005)

No Station Station Type Location Elev. Coordinates Coordinates Model and Serial No.
Name (M) (Degree) (Km)
E N E N data tipping
logger bucket
DPX
46 Comp.
Weather Al-Kuod 21 45
Al-Kuod Station Resarch Station 28 55 29 05 13
47 Auto. Rain Al-Kuod
Al-Kuod Gauge Resarch Station 28 55 4521 29 1305 3067-98 87-8589-841
48 Comp.
Weather Al-Habib
Ahwar Station Mashowr Farm 35 22 4643 50 1330
49 Auto. Rain Al-Habib
Ahwar Gauge Mashowr Farm 35 22 4643 50 1330 3057-89 3057-98
50 Manual Rain Al-Kuod
Al-Kuod Fall Resarch Station 28 55 4521 29 1305
51 Manual Rain Al-Habib
Ahwar Fall Mashowr Farm 35 22 4643 50 1330

51
ANNEX 4. Group (3)
Group (3): Automatic Rainfall Stations, Complete Weather Stations, and Manual Rain Gauge Stations

Station Governorat Elev Installatio

No. Name St. Type Location District e . Coordinate (S. Number) n Date
DPX
Tipping Data
(m) E N bucket logger
Near by Ag. Com. Com.
1 AL-Makash Com. W.S Sahar Sada'a 1905 43 43 12 16 57 16 15/05/05
Office W.S W.S
Auto. Rain Near by Ag.
2 AL-Makash Sahar Sada'a 1905 43 43 12 16 57 16 3055 8602 17/05/05
Gauge Office
Manual Rain Near by Ag.
3 AL-Makash Sahar Sada'a 1905 43 43 12 16 57 16 Nill Nill 17/05/03
Gauge Office
On The Roof Kharab
Kharab Auto. Rain
of Health Al- Al-Jawf 1398 44 17 28 16 33 26 3112 8558 18/05/05
Al-Marashi Gauge
4 Center Marashi
Auto. Rain Roof of Ag. Al-
5 Al-Hazem Al-Jawf 1139 44 46 56 16 12 11 3037 8510 20/05/05
Gauge Office Hazem
Auto. Rain Roof of Ag.
6 Hajjah Hajjah Hajjah 1762 43 36 05 15 41 18 3023 8547 23/05/05
Gauge Office
Haradh Auto. Rain Roof of Ag. 16 16
7 Khayran Hajjah 112 43 06 23 3068 8603 25/05/05
(Hayran) Gauge Office 17
42 59
Abbs Com. W.S Al-Gar Abss Hajjah 84 16 02 14 Nill Nill 01/06/05
8 12
Auto. Rain 42 59
9 Abbs Al-Gar Abss Hajjah 84 16 02 14 3106 8614 01/06/05
Gauge 12
Manual Rain 42 59
10
52 Abbs Al-Gar Abss Hajjah 84 16 02 14 Nill Nill 02/06/05
Gauge 12
 Near by Ag.
15 15
Al-Kadan Com. W.S Technical Al-Dhahi Al-Hodidah 187 43 15 22 Nill Nill 05/06/05
23
11 School
Near by Ag.
Auto. Rain 15 15
12 Al-Kadan Technican Al-Dhahi Al-Hodidah 187 43 15 22 3094 8594 06/06/05
Gauge 23
School
Near by Ag.
Manual Rain 15 15
13 Al-Kadan Technican Al-Dhahi Al-Hodidah 187 43 15 22 Nill Nill 06/06/05
Gauge 23
School
Near By Al-
14 12
14 Bassat Com. W.S Hejjen Sport Zabid Al-Hodidah 145 43 19 38 Nill Nill 08/06/05
13
Way
Near By Al-
Auto. Rain 14 12
15 Bassat Hejjen Sport Zabid Al-Hodidah 145 43 19 38 1487 8509 09/06/05
Gauge 13
Way
Near By Al-
Manual Rain 14 12
16 Bassat Hejjen Sport Zabid Al-Hodidah 145 43 19 38 Nill Nill 09/06/05
Gauge 13
Way

Group (3): Automatic Rainfall Stations, Complete Weather Stations, and Manual RainGauge in Dhamar, Sana'a and Amran
Governorates

Station
No. St. Type Location District Governorate Elevation Coordinates S. Number Installation
Name
DPX
Tipping Data
Ee. (M) E N bucket logger Date
Al- Auto. Rain Roof of Ag.
1 Al-Bayda Al-Bayda 2015 45 34 16 13 5916 3044 8538 01/04/05
Bayda Gauge Office
2 Sanaban Auto. Rain Roof of Al- Myfa'a Dhamar 2376 44 39 36 14 25 29 3001 8516 02/04/05
53
 Gauge Nagah School - Anss
Sanaban
Roof of Agr.
Qa'a Auto. Rain
3 Multiplication Anss Dhamar 2510 44 48 04 14 2312 3013 8613 03/04/05
Shera'a Gauge
Farm
Roof of Naser
Auto. Rain Myfa'a
4 Maram Ahmed Saber - Dhamar 2577 44 36 22 14 35 09 3116 8608 04/04/05
Gauge Anss
Maram
Auto. Rain Roof of Ag.
5 Rusabah Jahran Dhamar 2340 44 19 49 14 42 39 3049 8519 06/04/05
Gauge Office
Auto. Rain Roof of Raydah
6 Raydah Raydah Amran 2198 44 02 32 15 48 51 3054 8569 18/04/05
Gauge Health Center.
Auto. Rain Roof of Huth
7 Huth Huth Amran 1888 43 27 58 16 14 07 3073 8279 19/04/05
Gauge Health Center.
Roof of Ayshah
Auto. Rain
8 Hamdah School - Raydah Amran 2219 43 28 03 15 44 60 3062 8508 20/04/05
Gauge
Hamdah
Roof of Agr.
Al- Auto. Rain
9 Extension Al-Sudah Amran 1979 43 46 46 15 27 35 3043 8549 21/04/05
Sudah Gauge
Center
Al- Auto. Rain Agr. Nursery – Al- Al-
10 1443 43 37 40 15 27 33 3010 8619 28/04/05
Mahweet Gauge Al-Rujom Rujom Mahweet
Auto. Rain
11 Hada'a Britch School Mae'en Sana’a 2314 44 10 30 15 2016 ‫ــــ‬ ‫ــــ‬ 08/05/05
Gauge
Comp. Near by Ag.
12 Jahran Dhamar 2340 44 19 49 14 42 39 ‫ــــ‬ ‫ــــ‬ 06/04/05
Rusabah Weather St. Office
Al- Comp. Agr. Nursery – Al- Al-
13 1443 43 37 40 15 27 33 ‫ــــ‬ ‫ــــ‬ 28/04/05
Mahweet Weather St Al-Rujom Rujom Mahweet
Comp.
14 Britch School Mae'en Sana’a 2314 44 10 30 15 2016 ‫ــــ‬ ‫ــــ‬ 08/05/05
Hada'a Weather St
54
 Manual Rain Near by Ag.
15 Jahran Dhamar 2340 44 19 49 14 42 39 ‫ــــ‬ ‫ــــ‬ 06/04/05
Rusabah Gauge Office
Al- Manual Rain Agr. Nursery – Al- Al-
16 1443 43 37 40 15 27 33 ‫ــــ‬ ‫ــــ‬ 28/04/05
Mahweet Gauge Al-Rujom Rujom Mahweet
Manual Rain
17 Britch School Mae'en Sana’a 2314 44 10 30 15 2016 ‫ــــ‬ ‫ــــ‬ 08/05/05
Hada'a Gauge

Group (3): Automatic Wadi Flow Stations

Installation
No. Station Name St. Type Location District Governorate Elev. Coordinate (S. Number) Date
Tipping DPX Data
(m) E N bucket logger
Auto. Wadi Flow
Wadi Haradh Malowss Haradh Hajjah 184 43 12 12 16 28 29 1109 ‫ ـــ‬26/05/05
1 Gauge
Auto. Wadi Flow
Wadi Hayran Mastaba Khayran Hajjah 290 43 17 01 16 12 05 663 ‫ ـــ‬28/05/05
2 Gauge
Auto. Wadi Flow At-Tawr
Wadi At-Towr Bani Qais Hajjah 378 43 23 57 15 35 42 1108 ‫ ـــ‬30/05/05
3 Gauge Village
Auto. Wadi Flow
Seham Wadi Seham Bajel Al-Hodidah 236 43 22 56 14 58 15 1107 ‫ ـــ‬04/06/03
4 Gauge
Kharab Auto. Wadi Flow Kharab
Wadi Madhab Al-Jawf 1390 44 17 34 16 33 18 8466 Nill
5 Al-Marashi Gauge Al-Marashi
Auto. Wadi Flow Al-Meshrafa
Wadi Reyma'a Wossab Dhamar 422 43 43 55 14 22 55 1100 ‫ ـــ‬10/06/05
6 Gauge Village
Auto. Wadi Flow Al-Mekrass
Wadi Mowr (2) Al-Dhahi Al-Hodidah 215 43 16 07 15 38 08 665 ‫ ـــ‬12/06/05
7 Gauge Village
8 Wadi Sorrdod Auto. Wadi Flow Shatt Al-Arag Khamiss Al-Mahweet 363 43 25 18 15 11 28 664 ‫ ـــ‬13/06/05
55
 Gauge Bani Sa'ad
Auto. Wadi Flow
9 Wadi Nakhlah Al-Farsh Makbana Taiz 351 43 36 45 13 54 27 1086 ‫ ـــ‬15/06/05
Gauge
Auto. Wadi Flow
Wadi Zabid Al-Kholah Wossab Dhamar 372 43 34 10 14 11 07 1090 ‫ ـــ‬17/06/05
10 Gauge
Auto. Wadi Flow
Wadi Rassyan Makbana Makbana Taiz 266 43 37 49 13 25 16 1122 ‫ ـــ‬18/06/05
11 Gauge
Auto. Wadi Flow
Wadi Muza’a Muza’a Muza’a Taiz 271 43 33 12 13 16 01 1085 ‫ـــ‬
12 Gauge

56
ANNEX 5. Group (4)
Group 4 Table (A-4): Location of the Manual Rainfall Stations installed
by CWMU, with the support of CSCP
Kind
of
No Statio Station Gover- Ele Deg Min Sec Deg Min Sec Inst.
. Location n Name District norate v. . . . E . . . N Date
Manua
Al-Nuqob l
15 GSCP-FU Rainfa Bayha Shabwa 116 2/5/200
7 Office ll Nuqob n h 9 45 47 32 14 59 11 5
Manua
Naser l Al-
15 Faculty Rainfa Naser Hawta 48771 144298 20/5/20
8 Lahej ll Faculty h Lahej 137 44 53 12 0 13 3 10 4 05
Manua
l Tour Tour
15 Sya'a Tour Rainfa Al- Al- 42752 145230 17/4/20
9 Al-Baha ll Baha Baha Lahej 569 3 0 05
Manua
Agr. Center l Rebat
16 Rebat Al- Rainfa Al- 255 42872 157046 20/4/20
0 Kala'a ll Kala'a Ketab Ibb 1 6 1 05
Manua
Al-Kuod l
16 Resarch Rainfa Al- Zinjub 21/7/20
1 Station ll Kuod ar Abyan 28 45 21 55 13 5 29 05
Al-Habib Manua
16 Mashhowr l 29/7/20
2 Farm Rainfa Ahwar Ahwar Abyan 35 46 43 22 13 30 50 05
57
 ll
Manua
l
16 Rusabah/Ag Rainfa Rusaba 234 4/6/200
3 r. Office ll h Jahran Dhamar 0 44 19 49 14 42 39 5
Manua
Al- l Al- Al-
16 Mahweet/A Rainfa Mahwe Al- Mahwe 144 28/4/20
4 gr. Nersury ll et Rujom et 3 43 37 40 15 27 33 05
Manua
l
16 Hada'a/Briti Rainfa 231 5/8/200
5 sh School ll Hada'a Mae'en Sana'a 4 44 10 3 15 20 16 5
Manua
l
16 Near by Rainfa Al- 190 17/05/0
6 Agr. Office ll Makash Sahar Sada'a 5 43 43 12 16 57 16 5
Manua
l
16 Rainfa 6/2/200
7 Al-Gar ll Abbs Abbs Hajjah 84 42 59 12 16 2 14 5
Near by Manua
Agr. l Al-
16 Technical Rainfa Al- Al- Hodida 6/6/200
8 School ll Kadan Dhahi h 187 43 15 22 15 15 23 5
Manua
Near by Al- l Al-
16 Hejjen Sport Rainfa Hodida 6/9/200
9 Way ll Bassat Zabid h 145 43 19 38 14 12 13 5

58
ANNEX 6. List of rain fall &meteorological and wad flood stations

LIST OF RAINFALL & METEOROLOGICAL AND WADI FLOOD STATIONS

TIHAMA DEVELOPMENT AUTHURITY .

RAINFALL
LOCATION
STATION OWNER OR ELVE
WADI
NAME SITE METEO UTM N (M) UTM E (M)
OR FLOOD (M)
SUAQ-ALRABU HOUSE R Abs 1780000 301000 180
AL-GAR R+
TDA Abs 16 02 00 42 59 00 84
METEO
HARAD
OB-HO R HARAD 1818000 292000 90
AL-QADEMA
AL-KHADRAH OB-HO R HARAD 1813000 283000 50
MIDE OB-HO R HARAD 1813500 266000 10
WASH’HA OB-HO R HARAD 1797294 327221 230
WADI HARAD TDA W-FLOOD HARAD 1822500 310500 220
AL-ZUHRA R+
TDA MAWR 1740600 287500 70
METEO
KUDMAT
OB-HO R MAWR 1736000 306000 180
MARRARYAH
JABAL AL-
OB-HO R MAWR 1733752 266200 20
MILH
AL-TURE OB-HO R MAWR 1723511 328437 200
HAJJAH SCHOOL R MAWR 1734425 349959 1650
AL-
OB-HO R MAWR 1764000 332000 1600
MAHABISHA
AL-MAHWEET OB-HO R MAWR 1710488 344437 2100
BANI-UWAIR OB-HO R MAWR 1854231 359661 2100
HUTH OB-HO R MAWR 1795046 389900 1900
KHAMAR OB-HO R MAWR 1769232 389432 2356
SAQAYN OB-HO R MAWR 1865409 343753 2230
SIHARAH OB-HO R MAWR 1793364 361046 2200
SHIBAM OB-HO R MAWR 1715787 381700 2600
AL-QANAWIS TDA R HATAB
SHAT AL-ERJ W–
TDA MAWR 1727400 316600 230
FLOOD
59
AL-ZAYDIYAH TDA R SURDUD 1696000 286000 60
AZZAN R-(M-
SCHOOL SUR 15 10 00 43 22 00 304
AUTO)
AL-KADEN AQ-INST R-METEO SUR 1687065 310790 167
SHAT AD-
TDA FLOOD SUR 1679000 337000 430
DARBA

LIST OF RAINFALL & METEOROLOGICAL AND WADI FLOOD STATIONS

TIHAMA DEVELOPMENT AUTHURITY .

RAINFALL
STATION OWNER OR LOCATION ELVE
WADI
NAME SITE METEO UTM N (M) UTM E (M) (M)
OR FLOOD
AL-HUDAYDAH TDA R-(M-AUT) SIHAM 1634000 280000 10
AL-MARAWEA TDA R-(M-AUT) SIH
WAQIR TDA R SIH 1646152 315314 230
BAJIL 1 R-(M-
TDA SIH 1665900 315600 185
AUTO)
DEIR-ZINQAH OB-HO R-(M-AUT) SIH 1660773 333352 450
MAHEL-
OB-HO R SIH 1657163 322570 200
SHAMERY
MAGHRIBAH OB-HO R SIH 1644164 335030 1200
AL-DIBRAH OB-HO R SIH 1634730 369055 1000
AL-FAWARAH OB-HO R SIH 1658000 408000 1500
AL-AMIR OB-HO R SIH 1662444 360246 2200
AL-HAMAL OB-HO R SIH 1630958 386977 2000
AL-SUKHNAH OB-HO R-(M-AUT) SIH 1638658 331404 350
AL-HIMAH OB-HO R SIH 1667858 381777 1600
WALLAN OB-HO R SIH 1668200 421100 2500
AL-KHALIFA TDA R-METEO SIH 1646000 319000 139
MAHEL-
TDA W-F SIH 1656000 326000 390
SALEEM
BAIT-ALFAQIH AL-
OB-HO R 1606700 317900 120
KIDYAH
BAIT-ALSAID OB-HO R KID 1608200 334200 210
AL ZAFARAN TDA R-AUTO SIH 14 40 OO 43 05 00 50

60
LIST OF RAINFALL & METEOROLOGICAL AND WADI FLOOD STATIONS
TIHAMA DEVELOPMENT AUTHURITY .

RAINFALL
OWNER OR LOCATION ELVE
STATION NAME WADI
SITE METEO UTM N (M) UTM E (M) (M)
OR FLOOD
BASAT OB-HO R RIMAA 1585000 324000 150
AD-DIMNAH OB-HO R RIMAA 1588858 332858 270
AL-GHAWADER OB-HO R RIMAA 1586967 340037 350
AL-MAHATT OB-HO R RIMAA 1581596 316652 95
AL-QAHMAH OB-HO R RIMA 1581494 331011 180
AL-MISHRAFA TDA R RIMAA 1588777 345441 450
AL-
TDA R-MET RIMAA 1587548 319778
HUSSAINYAH
AS-SANAM OB-HO R RIMA 1610544 421000 2400
NAJD-
OB-HO R RIMAA 1610562 415613 2300
ALHADAD
AL-MASSNAH OB-HO R RIMAA 1620500 418700 2000
MADENAT-AS-
OB-HO R RIMAA 1619888 388721 1500
SHARQ
HAMMAM-ALI OB-HO R RIMAA 1619806 408465 2000
AL-QIRNAH OB-HO R RIMAA 1597900 361670 900
AL-MISHRAFAH TDA W-FLOOD RIMAA 1590000 346000 390
ZABID-TOWN OB-HO R ZABID 1568674 318330 105
AL-JIRBAH TDA R-MET ZABID 1564899 330899 240
AL-UDAIN OB-HO R ZABID 1542405 400979 1700
IBB OB-HO R ZAB 1546053 411795 1800
WADI AL-HAR OB-HO R ZAB 1605044 412002 2000
RIHAB OB-HO R ZAB 1573500 411800 1500
DALIL-
OB-HO R ZAB 1560801 411846 1500
SUMARAH
YARIM OB-HO R ZAB 1580700 433550 2400
AL-KOLAH TDA W-FLOOD ZAB 1561000 345000 320
AL-SAIDIYAH OB-HO R DAMI 1507000 334000 220
WADI-
TDA W-FLOOD NAKH 1539000 347600 330
NAKHLAH
QABAN TDA W-FLOOD DAMI 1532000 349400 320
61
LIST OF RAINFALL & METEOROLOGICAL AND WADI FLOOD STATIONS
TIHAMA DEVELOPMENT AUTHURITY.

RAINFALL
LOCATION
OWNER OR ELVE
STATION NAME WADI
SITE METEO UTM N (M) UTM E (M)
OR FLOOD (M)
AL-BARH TDA R-MET RASYAN 1487288 359268 500
JABAL-
OB-HO R RAS 1496460 368336 950
HABASHI
HAJDAH OB-HO R RAS 1501965 373774 1150
ALKUDEYHAH R+
TDA RAS 1492989 330429 120
METEO
AL-RUBEI OB-HO R RAS 1501941 379185 1250
MAQBANA OB –HO R RAS 1510600 356000 980
ALNOZEYHA OB-HO R RAS 1507900 367200 750
ALDABAB OB-HO R RAS 1496300 386300 1200
WADI RASYAN W–
TDA GORGE 1483000 346000 270
FLOOD
ALGHURAFI OB-HO R- MAWZA

62
LIST OF RAINFALL & METEOROLOGICAL AND WADI FLOOD STATIONS
TIHAMA DEVELOPMENT AUTHURITY .

RAINFALL
LOCATION
OWNER OR ELVE
STATION NAME WADI
SITE METEO UTM N UTM E (M)
OR FLOOD (M) (M)
BARQUQAH TDA R SIH 14 20 35 43 20 39 213
DEIR-
TDA R SIH 15 03 00 43 15 00 138
MODAWER
AL-DURIHEME TDA R KIDIYAH 14 48 05 43 03 00 40
AL-
TDA R SIH 14 41 O8 43 18 31 137
MANSUREYAH
AL-LAWEYAH TDA R KID 14 36 39 43 12 04 70
AL- NAJEYAH TDA R SUR 15 10 25 43 11 06 158
AL-MEGHLAF TDA R SUR 15 17 13 43 11 25 144
AL-TURBAH TDA R URJ 15 04 14 42 59 09 64
AL- DAHEY TDA R SUR 15 12 59 43 04 33 93
AL-AURSH TDA R SUR 15 13 58 42 56 27 57
AL-ZAIDEYAH TDA R SUR 15 19 50 43 00 57 74
DEIR-AL
TDA R SUR 15 19 09 43 06 03 106
WAJEIH
BAJIL 2 OB-HO R SIH 15 04 54 43 18 09 184
ABBAL OB-HO R SIH 14 59 32 43 32 66 506
AL QUTAI OB-HO R- SIH 14 53 76 43 32 66 157
AL
AL-HAJEILAH TDA R 14 58 81 43 37 49 652
WALAG

63
LIST OF RAINFALL & METEOROLOGICAL AND WADI FLOOD STATIONS
TIHAMA DEVELOPMENT AUTHURITY

RAINFALL
STATION OWNER LOCATION ELV
OR METEO WADI
NAME SITE (M)
OR FLOOD UTM N (M) UTM E (M)
R-
‫الحديده‬- ‫ مبنى الھيئه‬TDA SIHAM 1633776 280189 14
AUTOMAIC
‫مبنى‬- ‫الكرزومي‬
TDA R-AUTO SIHAM 1622421 287445 33
‫المشروع‬
‫مبنى المخازن‬- ‫ جميشه‬TDA R-AUTO SIHAM 1637677 294459 65
‫ شمال اليومين‬TDA R-AUTO SIHAM 1640862 297602 78
‫المركز‬- ‫الجاح األعلى‬
TDA R-AUTO RIMAA 1587012 293330 76
‫االرشادي‬
‫مبنى‬- ‫الجراحي‬
TDA R-AUTO ZABID 1562877 326920 192
‫المركز البيطري‬
‫كمب الھيئه‬- ‫ زبيد‬TDA R-AUTO ZABID 1571852 318036 117
‫ محمية برع‬TDA R-AUTO SIH 1645160 331081 484
-CAMP ‫برقوقه‬
TDA R-AUTO SIH 1654547 322762 227
TDA-
‫ مبنى ادارة‬-‫الكدن‬
TDA R-AUTO SURDUD 1686468 312293 225
‫مزرعة سردود‬
‫ المركز‬-‫الضحي‬
TDA R-AUTO SURDUD 1683007 293210 109
‫الزراعي‬
‫ المشتل‬-‫المنيره‬
TDA R-AUTO SURDUD 1694514 277276 44
‫الزراعي‬
‫المركز‬- ‫الزيديه‬
TDA R-AUTO SURDUR 1695887 286886 73
‫الزراعي‬
‫ كمب حاجز وادي مور‬TDA R-AUTO MAWR 1730394 309863 184
‫ المركز‬-‫المشائف‬
TDA R-AUTO MAWR 1734778 302865 144
‫الزراعي‬
‫ المركز‬-‫قرية مور‬
TDA R-AUTO MAWR 1732937 281675 80
‫الزراعي‬
AL JAROBAH
TDA R-AUTO RIM 1588022 293620 80
FARM
HAIS TDA R-AUTO DAMMI 13 56 00 43 28 00 127
JABAL RAS TDA R-AUTO NAKHLA 13 59 00 43 37 00 410
64
LIST OF RAINFALL & METEOROLOGICAL AND WADI FLOOD STATIONS
TIHAMA DEVELOPMENT AUTHURITY

RAINFALL
OWNER OR LOCATION ELV
STATION NAME WADI
SITE METEO UTM N (M) UTM E (M) (M)
OR FLOOD
AL QUTTAI OB-HO R-AUTO SIHA 14 50 00 43 12 0 0 137
SOUQ NAKH 13 50 00 43 48 00 832
OB-HO R-AUTO
ALHUREYA
BAIT SURDUD 15 30 00 43 46 00 2400
OB-HO R-AUTO
QUTAINAH
DAWRAN OB-HO R-AUTO RIM 14 40 00 44 12 00 260
GHUBARA OB HO R- AUTO MAWZA 13 20 00 44 03 00 1211

65
LIST OF GROUND WATER MONITORING AUTOMATICLY STATIONS TIHAMA
DEVELOPMENT AUTHURITY .

OWNER GROUND- LOCATION ELVE

STATION NAME WADI
SITE WATER (M)
UTM N (M) UTM E (M)
DEIR-ALSUAFA TDA EC-TEM SIHAM 1654800 308300 125
AL-YOUMAIN WATER-
TDA SIH 1640862 297602 78
DEP
ALHIZAM-
TDA EC-TEM SIH 1638759 286796 56
ALAGHDR
AL-KARZUME TDA WAT-DEP SIH 1622562 287736 35
BIOT-BODAH TDA WAT-DEP SIHA 1628260 309645 65
AL-
TDA WAT-DEP RIM 1604454 311510 110
BUKAREYAH
GHULAFEQAH TDA WAT-DEP RIM 1595615 286245 31
AL-
TDA EC-TEM RIM 1581599 325405 160
SHADELIYAH
AL-
TDA EC-TEM RIM 1583705 314684 111
QASSWERAH
AL-QRASHIYAH TDA WAT-DEP RIM 1580125 307411 81
AL-SHUMAH1 TDA EC-TEM RIM 1579752 297763 50
AL-SHUMAH 2 TDA WAT-TEM RIM 1579750 297762 50
AD-DRABISH TDA WAT-DEP RIM 1587762 303761 63
AL-MODAMEN TDA EC-TEMP ZABID 1561500 299606 16
AL-MAZAQY TDA WAT-DEP ZAB 1568000 320995 128
AL-ZAREBEH TDA WAT-DEP ZAB 1568704 327072 187
AL-RAUDAH TDA WAT-DEP ZAB 1565144 332774 251
HAJEAZ 3 TDA WAT-DEP ZAB 1565963 329855 205
ALMASAHEEB TDA WAT-DEP ZAB 1564739 324812 187
AL-LAWEYAH TDA EC KIDYAH 1615818 305766 64
AL-MEHRASA TDA WAT-DEP KIDYAH 1612657 316858 104
JABER TDA EC MAWR 1732423 309315 125
AL-GHURZAH TDA EC MAWR 1736833 288768 106
DEIR-FAQEER TDA WAT-DEP MAWR 1723505 286485 78
DEIR-
TDA WAT-DEP MAWR 1722565 299907 120
DUKHNAH
ZUBAYAH TDA EC MAWR 1734610 281155 73
DEIR MAHJOB TDA EC MAWR 1725969 292080 76
66
 AL URSH TDA WAT-DEP SURDUD 1684745 278785 57
AL-KADEN 1 TDA WAT-DEP SURDUD 1686240 312024 156
AL KADEN 2 TDA WAT-TEM SUR 1687065 310548 165

LEGEND :-

OB – HO OBSERVAL – HOUSE
TDA TIHAMA DEVELOPMENT AUTHURITY
R RAINFALL
W–F WADI – FLOOD
METEO METEOROLOGICAL
R – (M – RAINFALL – (MANUAL – AUTOMATIC )
AUTO)

67
ANNEX 7. CAMA/YMS stations

68
ANNEX 8. Stakeholders Met
Institution Name
Dhamar
Dr. Abdul Wahed Mukred
Eng. Mohamed Abu Dadyah
Agricultural Research and
Extension Authority (AREA)
– Dhamar)
MAI Branch Office -
Dhamar
NWRA Branch Office -
Dhamar
Aden
Branch Office of EPA
(Aden).
Branch Office of Commerce
and Industry (Aden).
Branch Office of MAI
(Aden)
Branch Office of AREA
(Elkod)
Maritime Affaires Authority
(Aden).
Yemen Gulf of Aden Ports
Corporation – Port of Aden
(Aden).
Branch Office of CAMA
(Aden International Airport)
69
Occupation
Vice - Chairamn
Head of Agricultural Climate &
Eng. Mohamed A. Al Khurasani Climate Change Researches
Department
Eng. Ahmed Al Nusairi Head of RS and GIS Department
Employee in RS and GIS
Dr. Nazeer Ibrahim
Department
DG of Research Center for
Dr. Mohamed H. Al Mashreqi
Sustainable Natural Resources
Technical Director of Research
Dr. Ameen Rajeh Center for Sustainable Natural
Resources
Eng. Fadhl A. Rajeh Deputy, DG
Eng. Zakarya Al Harbi Climatologist
Eng. Abdul Kareem Al Sufiani DG
Eng. Faisal Al Thalabi DG
Eng. Gameel Al Qadasi Financial Director
Ms. Zaynab AbdulQader Secretary
Hasan Makkawi DG
Sadeq Abdul Rahem Sadeq Director
Ali Ubaid Sheikh Director
Aidarous Al Sulaimani DG
Eng. Nageeb S. Abkar DG
Dr. Saeed AbdulRahman Researcher
Eng. Khaled M. Saeed Researcher
Dr. Mohamed S. Al Maqdy Researcher
Murad Ali Abdul Hai Vice Chairman
Faisal M. Mer’e DG of Maritime Relations
Mohamed Al Mu’ayad DG of Law Affairs
DG of Marine Environment
Dr. AbdulSalam A. Ali
Protection
Nashwan Ali Al Salami DG of Financial Office
Mohamed A. Amzraba DG of Planning
Captain. Shafee’a M. Abdullah Captain of the Port
Eng. Mohamed M. Shaief Technical Department
Abdul Raqeb Al Amri Vice DG of the Airport
Alawi M. Al Abdali Director of the Branch
(Aden).
Yemeni Society for
Environment and Sustainable
Development (Aden).
Local Company for Water
and Sanitation (Aden).
Hadhramut
Yemen Fisheries Authority
(Hadhramut).
Local Company for Water
and Sanitation - Mukalla
(Hadhramut).
Yemen Arabian Sea Ports
Corporation (Hadhramut).
Branch Office of Maritime
Affaires Authority
(Hadhramut).
Branch Office of MAI
(Hadhramut).
Governorate of Hadhramut.
Civil Defence – Sayun –
Ministry of Interior
(Hadhramut).
Branch Office of AREA –
Sayun (Hadhramut).
Branch Office of NWRA –
Sayun (Hadhramut).
Branch Office of EPA
(Hadhramut)
Branch Office of MAI –
Sayun (Hadhramut).
Al Ghaith Society – Sayun
(Hadhramut).
70
Dr. Adel A. Abdul Razzaq President
Eng. Nageeb Numan DG
Eng. Amnah Ben Salman Engineer
Eng. Arwa Humadi Engineer
Tawfeeq Al Saqaf Engineer
Salem S. Mohamed Director of lab
Guma’a Aithan Director of Development Project
Dr. Abdullah Al Gharabi Chairman
Eng. Saeed S. Al Ta’ees DG of Fisheries
Mohamed S. Ba Taweel Director of Monitoring
Eng. Awad S. Al Qanzal DG
Eng. Abdul Raheem M. Al Tamimi Vice DG
Saleh A. Ba Yazeed Financial Director
Director of Water Resources
Eng. Marwan A. Bar’ood
Department
Captain. Salem A. Al Ba’asi Chairman
Nabeel A. Ben Ayfan Accounting Director
Eng. Mohamed F. Abdoon DG
Director of Irrigation
Eng. Mohamed A. Ghuneem
Department
Director of Extension
Eng. Fahmi A. Rwayshed
Department
Dr. Abdul Salam S. Al Tameeme Director of Animal Health
Fahd Salah Al A’agam Assistant Deputy Governor
Colonel. Omar A. Ba Zayban Director
Dr. Abdullah S. Alwan DG
Eng. Qaid A. Al Katheri Engineer
Eng. Awad S. Ba Saleh Researcher
Eng. Abdul Kareem S. Ba Hakeem DG
Eng. Abdul Azeez S.Ba Musleh Director of Studies
Thabit Al Sa’ady DG
Eng. Omar S. Ba Muhaimood DG
Abdul Hakeem A. Abdul Azeez President
Awad K. Al Sa’ady General Secretary
Local Company for Water
and Sanitation - Sayun Aamer Al Aamery DG
(Hadhramut).
Branch Office of Saba News
Agency – Sayun Mohamed Omar DG
(Hadhramut).

Yemen Women's Union Neamaa Al-sbaee

Fatima Aman Al-hbshee
Zahra Abed Farag
Brzen break belal
Social Center Wfaa Awad Dayan
Al-taquah Association Senaa mahdi Bajouber
Al –Aman Association Ayshaa Abad
Najat Alawe Al-hbshee
Manal Hussein Ba- sabeen
Rania Amen Al-Arefe Water users / farmers
Najla`a Abdu Ali Hassan Water users / farmers
Amal Mohammed Abdu Al-
Water users / farmers
Kareem Al-Agabri
Sana Abdu Hassn Al sharabe Water users / farmers
Gazah Nasser Al-Maqtari Water users / farmers
Ahlam Gaeed Al-Jaradi Water users / farmers
Fadiyah Ahmed Al-Amary Water users / farmers
Kefayah Shamsan AI-Mamary Water users / farmers
Altaf Naji saed Al-Ahdal Water users / farmers
Amani Mohammed Saef Abdu Water users / farmers
Basma Mohammed Al-Abssi Water users / farmers
Yemen Fishing Corporation Omar Salem Qambeet Head of YFCU branch
Hadhramut
Yemen Fishing Corporation Hasan Ba Muhaimdan Membher of YFCU board of
directors Sana’a
Mukalla Fishers’ Salem M. Ba Daood Head of Mukalla Fishers’
Cooperative Cooperative
Mukalla Fishers’ Mohammad Abdulla Al biti Member Mukalla Fishers’
Cooperative Cooperative
Mukalla Fishers’ Omar Saeed Bamuzahem Member Mukalla Fishers’
Cooperatives Cooperatives

71
ANNEX 9. Long term annual mean for weather elements
The figure below shows the long term annual mean for weather elements for selected
governorates in Yemen

72
73
ANNEX 10. Meteorological stations NWRA
GOV_NAME_E CATCHMENT STATIONID STATIONNAM LATITUDE LONGITUDE SHORTTYPE
Northern Tihamah
Al-Hodaida Catch 163 WADI HARAD 16.47 43.20 SLV
Northern Tihamah
Al-Hodaida Catch 164 WADI HAYRAN 16.20 43.28 SLV
Al-Hodaida Wadi Mawr 678 KUDMAH 15.67 43.19 RAN
Al-Hodaida Wadi Mawza' 100 MAWZA 13.27 43.55 SLV
Al-Hodaida Wadi Nakhlah 88 NAKHLAH 13.91 43.61 SLV
Al-Hodaida Wadi Rima' 104 BASAT 14.33 43.37 RAN
Al-Hodaida Wadi Siham 166 KHALIFAH 14.87 43.30 MET
Al-Hodaida Wadi Siham 165 MAGHREBA 14.87 43.47 RAN
Al-Hodaida Wadi Siham 782 SIHAM-A 14.97 43.38 SLV
Al-Hodaida Wadi Surdud 723 ZAYDIYAH 15.33 43.01 RAN
Al-Hodaida Wadi Surdud 172 SHAT ADDARBA 15.19 43.42 SLV
Al-Hodaida Wadi Zabid 89 ALJIRBAH 14.15 43.43 MET
Al-Hodaida Wadi Zabid 731 ZABID 14.18 43.35 RAN
Al-Hodaida Wadi Zabid 784 ZABID-A 14.12 43.56 SLV
Al-Mahwit Wadi Mawr 389 MAHWIT 15.47 43.55 RAN
Amran Wadi Mawr 505 KHAMIR 16.00 43.97 RAN
Amran Wadi Mawr 719 SHAHARAH 16.20 43.70 RAN
Dhamar Wadi Rima' 110 MISHRAFA 14.37 43.57 MET
Dhamar Wadi Rima' 147 HAMAMALI 14.65 44.15 RAN
Dhamar Wadi Rima' 148 ASHSHIRQ 14.63 43.97 RAN
Dhamar Wadi Siham 151 AL-HAMAL 14.75 43.95 RAN
Dhamar Wadi Zabid 90 FULAYH 14.18 43.70 RAN
Dhamar Wadi Zabid 729 WADI-HAR 14.52 44.23 RAN
Northern Tihamah
Hajja Catch 509 AL-RABU 16.08 43.13 RAN
Northern Tihamah
Hajja Catch 519 MIDI 16.31 42.82 RAN
Northern Tihamah
Hajja Catch 520 KHADRAH 16.39 42.97 RAN
Northern Tihamah
Hajja Catch 522 ALKADIMA 16.43 43.05 RAN
Northern Tihamah
Hajja Catch 717 WASH'HA 16.25 43.38 RAN
Hajja Wadi Mawr 469 AT-TUR 15.58 43.38 RAN
Hajja Wadi Mawr 480 MIKRAS 15.65 43.26 RAN
Hajja Wadi Mawr 485 HAJJAH 15.68 43.60 RAN
Hajja Wadi Mawr 506 MAHABISH 16.00 43.50 RAN
Hajja Wadi Mawr 781 MAWR-A 15.62 43.29 SLV
Ibb Wadi Bana 730 YARIM 14.30 44.38 RAN
Ibb Wadi Zabid 81 AL-UDEIN 13.95 44.08 RAN
Ibb Wadi Zabid 85 IBB 13.98 44.18 RAN
Ibb Wadi Zabid 87 ADDALIL 14.12 44.18 RAN
Ibb Wadi Zabid 94 RISABA 14.22 44.18 RAN
Raymah Wadi Rima' 783 RIMA-A 14.38 43.57 SLV
Raymah Wadi Siham 159 ALDABIRA 14.78 43.78 RAN
Sa'ada Wadi Mawr 718 UWAIR 16.77 43.68 RAN
Sa'ada Wadi Mawr 720 SAQAYN 16.87 43.53 RAN
Sana'a Wadi al Jawf 722 SHIBAM-T 15.52 43.92 RAN
Sana'a Wadi Rima' 124 HABAKA 14.45 43.72 RAN
Sana'a Wadi Siham 173 ALFOWARA 15.00 44.15 RAN
74
Sana'a Wadi Siham 174 AL-AMIR 15.03 43.70 MET
Sana'a Wadi Siham 725 WALLAN 15.12 44.27 RAN
Sana'a Wadi Surdud 183 AL-HAIMA 15.08 43.90 RAN
Taiz Wadi Mawza' 49 AL GURAFI 13.27 43.45 RAN
Taiz Wadi Nakhlah 716 SAIDIYAH 13.77 43.42 RAN
Taiz Wadi Rasyan 56 AL-BARH 13.45 43.70 MET
Taiz Wadi Rasyan 58 KUDAYHAH 13.50 43.43 MET
Taiz Wadi Rasyan 60 HABASHI 13.53 43.78 RAN
Taiz Wadi Rasyan 71 MAQBANA 13.67 43.70 RAN
Taiz Wadi Rasyan 674 ALDABAB 13.53 43.95 RAN
Hadhramout Hajar Catchment 129 SIDARAH 14.50 48.65 MET
Hadhramout Hajar Catchment 1520 AL-HEYLAH-A 14.13 48.65 RAN
Hadhramout Hajar Catchment 1530 AL-MABER-A 14.26 48.56 SLV
Hadhramout Hajar Catchment 1545 AL-SADARAH-A 14.50 48.09 SLV
Hadhramout Wadi Hadramaut 59 SEIYUN 15.97 48.80 MET
Hadhramout Wadi Hadramaut 500 SEIYUN 15.93 48.93 MET
Hadhramout Wadi Hadramaut 499 ALRUDOOD 15.87 49.00 RAN
Hadhramout Wadi Hadramaut 501 JAWADEH 15.95 48.53 RAN
Hadhramout Wadi Hadramaut 502 YABHOODH 15.97 48.98 RAN
Hadhramout Wadi Hadramaut 504 JUEIMEH 15.98 48.67 RAN
Hadhramout Wadi Hadramaut 507 KATBAH 16.05 48.99 RAN
Hadhramout Wadi Hadramaut 510 ALMINSAF 16.08 48.27 RAN
Hadhramout Wadi Hadramaut 511 QASM 16.13 49.12 RAN
Hadhramout Wadi Hadramaut 513 DAMON 16.07 49.01 RAN
Hadhramout Wadi Hadramaut 1637 SAH-A 15.61 48.25 RAN
Hadhramout Wadi Hadramaut 1643 SHIBAM-A 15.93 48.64 RAN
Hadhramout Wadi Hadramaut 1645 SYUON-A 15.93 48.81 RAN
Hadhramout Wadi Hadramaut 1646 TAREEM-A 16.06 49.01 RAN
Shabwa Maifaah Catchment 97 MEIFAAH 14.25 47.58 MET
Shabwa Maifaah Catchment 1548 AL-SAEED-A 14.34 46.88 RAN
Shabwa Maifaah Catchment 1567 BEIR ALI-A 14.03 48.06 RAN
Shabwa Maifaah Catchment 1662 YASHBUM-A 14.33 46.92 SLV
Shabwa Ramlat as Sabatayn 128 NISSAB 14.50 46.50 MET
Shabwa Ramlat as Sabatayn 157 BEIHAN 14.78 45.73 MET
Shabwa Ramlat as Sabatayn 1619 NUQOB 14.99 45.79 MET
Shabwa Ramlat as Sabatayn 1560 ATTAQ-A 14.53 46.86 RAN
BAYHAN AL-
Shabwa Ramlat as Sabatayn 1566 ELYA-A 14.80 45.72 RAN
Shabwa Ramlat as Sabatayn 1576 EYAD-A 14.86 47.01 RAN
Shabwa Ramlat as Sabatayn 1602 KHAWRAH-A 14.44 46.07 RAN
Shabwa Ramlat as Sabatayn 1618 NESSAB-A 14.51 46.49 RAN
Shabwa Ramlat as Sabatayn 1620 NUQOB-A 14.99 45.79 RAN
Shabwa Ramlat as Sabatayn 1565 BAYHAN-A 14.83 45.73 SLV
Shabwa Ramlat as Sabatayn 1589 HAMMAM-A 14.55 46.54 SLV
Shabwa Ramlat as Sabatayn 1601 KHAWRAH-A 14.49 46.02 SLV
Shabwa Wadi Hadramaut 1558 ARRMA-A 15.35 47.43 RAN
Shabwa Wadi Hadramaut 1613 MUKAIRAS-A 15.71 47.49 RAN
Mareb Wadi Adhanah 328 MARIB 15.42 45.33 MET
Mareb Wadi Adhanah 390 MARIB 15.47 45.33 RAN
Mareb Wadi Adhanah 1592 HAREEB-A 14.94 45.50 RAN

75
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