Excellence Thermal Analysis Innovations from METTLER TOLEDO

Attention to detail and commitment has shaped METTLER TOLEDO thermal analysis right through to the present day and has led to products and services that are unique in the market place.

Temperature and Enthalpy Expansion Coefficients at 20 °C Thermal Conductivity at Room Temperature Specific Heat Capacity at Room Temperature
Reference Substance Temperature Enthalpy Substance Value Substance / Crucible Thermal Conductivity Substance Specific heat capacity
in °C in J/g in ppm in W/(m K) in J/(g K)
Cyclopentane + –135.1 4.9 Alumina (ceramic) 7 Air * 0.0262 Air * 1.005
Cyclopentane ++ –93.4 8.6 Aluminum 23.1 Alumina 28 Aluminum 0.897
n-Hexane ++ –95.1 151.8 Copper 16.5 Aluminum 237 Aluminum oxide 0.754
n-Heptane ++ –90.6 139.9 Diamond 1.18 Argon 0.0177 Epoxy Resin 1.67–2.11
Adamantane +, ++ –64.6 24.8 Elastomers 6–10 Copper 401 Ethanol 2.43
Octane ++ –56.8 181.2 Fused silica Fused silica (quartz glass) 1.2–1.4 Helium * 5.234
0.5
Mercury +++ –38.8 11.5 (quartz glass) Glass 0.7–1.3 Ice (at 0 °C) 2.093
Water +++ 0.01 334 Glass (Pyrex) 3.25 Gold 318 Natural rubber ~1.9
Gallium +++ 29.8 80.2 Invar Helium 0.157
0.1–2 Oil 1.7–2.0
(Ni content about 35%)
Phenyl salicylate ++ 41.7 90 Hydrogen 0.181 Paraffin 2.11
Iron 11.8
4-Nitrotoluene ++ 52 123.2 Nitrogen 0.0260 Polymers about 1 to 1.7
Platinum 8.8
Naphthalene ++ 80.3 147 Oil 0.13–0.15 PS ~1.3
5.4 / 6.2
Acetanilide ++ 114 160.2 Sapphire Oxygen * 0.026 PTFE ~1.0
(⊥ / || c-axis)
Benzoic acid ++ 122 147.4 Stainless steel 10–17 Platinum 72 Quartz sand (SiO2) 0.83
Diphenylacetic acid 147 147.3 20–60 Sapphire 35 / 32 (⊥ / || c-axis) Steel 0.44–0.47
Themosets
Indium +++ 156.6 28.5 (PUR 150) Steel 15–50 Thermosets up to 2.5
2-Chloroanthraquinone 210 160.6 Thermoplastics 50–200 * Values for gases at 100 kPa or 1 bar Water 4.18
Tin +++ 231.9 60.1 Examples: PS 50–70
* Values for gases at 100 kPa or 1 bar
Carbazole ++ 246 161.5 PET 80–100
Anthraquinone ++ 285 156.4 PP 130–180 Young’s Modulus at Room Temperature Specific Heat Capacity of Sapphire
Lead 327.5 23 Zirconium 4.8
Material Young’s Modulus Temperature in °C cp
Zinc +++ 419.5 107.5 in GPa in J/(g K)
Aluminum +++ 660.3 397 Curie Temperature Aluminum 69 –100 0.404
Silver +++ 961.8 105 Substance Curie Temperature Carbon fiber reinforced polymers –80 0.470
30–60
Copper +++ 1084.6 207 in °C (50%/50%), along the grain
–60 0.534
Gold +++ 1064.2 63.7 Gadolinium 19.3 Carbon fiber reinforced polymers
5–20 –40 0.593
(50%/50%), across the grain
Nickel 1453 293 Isatherm 144.6 Carbon reinforced polymers
120–190 –20 0.649
Iron 1535 247.1 Nickel 357 (70%/30%), along the grain
Glass fiber reinforced polymers 0 0.701
Palladium 1552 157.3 Trafoperm 748 40–45
(70%/30%), along the grain 20 0.749
Platinum 1772 101 Iron 768
Diamond 1050–1200 40 0.793
Rhodium 1966 211.4 Cobalt 1121
Elastomers 0.001–0.1 60 0.836
+ Solid-Solid transition Glass 50–90 80 0.877
++ Sublimes
+++ ITS 90 (International Temperature Scale)
Silicon 130 100 0.907
Stainless steel (AISI 302) 180 120 0.934
Steel (ASTM A228) 210
150 0.970
Thermoplastics at RT 1–4
200 1.019
Examples: PP 1.3–1.8
PS 3–3.5 250 1.058
© 05/2014, Mettler-Toledo AG Analytical, CH-8603 Schwerzenbach, 30048259A PE 2–3 300 1.089
Excellence Thermal Analysis Innovations from METTLER TOLEDO
Attention to detail and commitment has shaped METTLER TOLEDO thermal analysis right through to the present day and has led to products and services that are unique in the market place.

Semicrystalline Thermoplastics More Valuable Thermal

Name Acronym Formula Molecular Tg in °C Tm in °C TD in °C DHm in J/g αC in %
mass in g/mol (100%) Analysis Information
Polyethylene, low density PE-LD C2H4 28.1 –85 105–120 487–498 293 40–65
Polyethylene, high density PE-HD C2H4 28.1 –70 125–135 487–498 293 65–85
Polypropylene PP isotactic) C3H6 42.1 –18 160–165 440–445 207 55–70
Polyoxymethylene POM, homopolymer CH2O 30.1 –38 175–200 300–330 330 70–80 • Applications
POM, copolymer –40 164–172 300–330 326 50–60 www.mt.com/ta-usercoms
Polyvinylidene fluoride PVDF C2H2F2 64.0 –60 170–175 370–385 105 20–70
Poly(lauryllactam) PA 12, dry C12H23NO 197.3 45 170–180 380–420 245 30–45
Poly(hexamethylene sebacamide) PA 610, dry C16H30N2O2 282.4 77 210–220 380–420 254 25–45
Polycaprolactam PA 6, dry C6H11NO 113.2 78 225–235 430–450 213 20–45
Poly(hexamethylene adipamide) PA 66, dry C12H22N2O2 256.3 50 250–270 380–420 226 35–60
Polybutylene terephthalate PBT C11H12O4 208.2 50 220–230 420–440 145 40–50 www.mt.com/ta-applications
Polyethylene terephthalate PET C10H8O4 192.2 70 256 425–440 145 0–40
Polyether ether ketone PEEK C19O3H12 288.3 164 330–340 130 30–40
Polytetrafluorethylene PTFE C2F4 100.0 130 325–330 82 55–70

• Handbooks
Amorphous Thermoplastics www.mt.com/ta-handbooks
Name Acronym Formula Molecular Tg in °C TD in °C Dcp in J/gK
mass in g/mol
Polyvinylchloride PVC-U C2H3Cl 62.5 80 240–250 0.31
Polystyrene PS (atactic) C8H8 104.2 100 430–450 0.32
Poly(methyl methacrylate) PMMA C5H8O2 100.1 105 360–390 0.34 • Training
Polycarbonate PC C16O3H14 254.3 145 460–490 0.27 www.mt.com/ta-webinars
Polysulfone PSU C27H22O4S 151.7 187
Polyetherimide PEI C37H24O6N2 592.6 217
Polyethersulfone PES C12H10O4S 250.3 225

Quantity Range of Values

Symbol Quantity www.mt.com/ta-training
Expansion coefficient 50–150 ppm
Tg Glass transition temperature
Modulus in the glassy/crystalline state 0.5–4 GPa
Tm Melting temperature
Modulus in the rubbery plateau 0.1–10 MPa
TD Decomposition temperature in nitrogen
Heat conductivity 0.2–0.5 W/(m K)
DHm Melting enthalpy of a 100% crystalline material
Density 0.9–1.5 g/cm3; with halogens up to 2.5 g/cm3
Dcp Step-height of the glass transition
Glass transition temperature 0.66–0.75 of the melting temperature (in K) www.mt.com/ta-etraining
αC Typical crystallinity in real materials
Specific heat capacity at RT 1–1.7 J/(g K)

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