3.

1 Scenario 1: Narrowband Voice Services

Narrowband voice services refer to AMR-NB services. The AMR-NB technique encodes
speeches whose frequencies range from 300 Hz to 3400 Hz. After speech encoding, the
maximum data rate of voice services reaches 12.2 kbit/s and the minimum data rate is 4.75 kbit/
s.
AMR-NB services can be further divided into single-rate AMR-NB (12.2 kbit/s) and multi-rate
AMR-NB (such as 4.75 kbit/s and 12.2 kbit/s) based on the AMR rates assigned by the CN for
RAN.
3.1.1 Sub-scenario 1: Single-Rate AMR-NB
3.1.1.1 Scenario Description
In single-rate AMR-NB scenarios, only one AMR data rate is used, such as rate set 0/2/3/4/5/6/7
in the following table. The recommended rate set is rate set 7 (12.2 kbit/s).
Set
tin
g
Rat
e
Set
0
Rat
e
Set
1
Rat
e
Set
2
Rat
e
Set
3
Rat
e
Set
4
Rat
e
Set
5
Rat
e
Set
6
Rat
e
Set
7
Rat
e
Set
8
Rat
e
Set
9
Rat
e
Set
10
Rat
e
Set
11
Rat
e
Set
12
Rat
e
Set
13
Rat
e
Set
14
Rat
e
Set
15
12.
2
kbit
/s
- (1) - - - - - 1 - - - - - - 1 1
10.
2
kbit
/s
------1-----11--
WCDMA RAN
UMTS Voice Quality Improvement Solution 3 Solution Application Guidelines
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Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
5
Set
tin
g
Rat
e
Set
0
Rat
e
Set
1
Rat
e
Set
2
Rat
e
Set
3
Rat
e
Set
4
Rat
e
Set
5
Rat
e
Set
6
Rat
e
Set
7
Rat
e
Set
8
Rat
e
Set
9
Rat
e
Set
10
Rat
e
Set
11
Rat
e
Set
12
Rat
e
Set
13
Rat
e
Set
14
Rat
e
Set
15
7.9
5
kbit
/s
-----1--------11
7.4
0
kbit
/s
-1--1-----11----
6.7
0
kbit
/s
---1-----11111--
5.9
0
kbit
/s
-11-----11111111
5.1
5
kbit
/s
----------------
4.7
5
kbit
/s
11------11111111
OM F F F F F F F F F F F A F A F A
NOTE
1 indicates that a rate set contains the rate. (1) indicates that the rate is optional in a rate set. - indicates that
a rate set does not contain the rate.
In the OM row, A indicates that the TFO/TrFO mechanism is allowed to automatically optimize and modify
the rate set during TFO/TrFO negotiation. F indicates that the optimization and modification are not
allowed. Usually, F is used.
3.1.1.2 Solution Purpose
Single-rate AMR-NB provides basic narrowband voice services and is easy to deploy.
WCDMA RAN
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6
3.1.1.3 Solution Description
List of Features Involved in the Solution
The following table lists the features involved in the solution for scenarios of single-rate AMRNB
services.
Feature ID Feature
Name
Introduced in… Reference Document
WRFD-011
600
TFO/TrFO RAN3.0 AMR Feature Parameter
Description
Description of Features Involved in the Solution
The following table describes the feature involved in the solution for scenarios of single-rate
AMR-NB services.
Feature ID Feature Name Feature Description
WRFD-011600 TFO/TrFO This feature helps reduce the signal loss
during speech coding/decoding and
therefore improves the MOS of AMR
services.
3.1.1.4 Implementation
The single-rate AMR-NB solution provides common narrowband voice services without
requiring any feature enhancements. If the voice quality of single-rate AMR-NB services needs
to be further improved, you are advised to enable the TFO/TrFO feature on both the CN and
RAN sides. The following table describes requirements on solution implementation.
Scenario CN RAN UE Remarks
To ensure
basic
performance
Configure rate set 7. – – None
To reduce the
number of
encoding/
decoding to
improve the
voice quality
Configure rate set 7
and enable the TFO/
TrFO feature.
Enable the
TFO/TrFO
feature.
– The TFO/TrFO
feature is
recommended for
improving the MOS
of voice services.
The following is an example of solution implementation.
WCDMA RAN
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7
1. It is recommended that the CN configure rate set 7 (12.2 kbit/s) for all the RNCs on the
network.
2. If the voice quality needs to be further improved, you are advised to enable the TFO/TrFO
feature for both the CN and RAN.
NOTE
l If the CN configures different rate sets for different RNCs, call drops may occur during inter-
RNC relocations after the TFO/TrFO feature is enabled.
l You are advised to enable the TFO/TrFO feature first for the RNC and then for the CN. Otherwise,
calls may fail to be set up.
Deployment and activation of each feature will not be described in this document and will be
included in the corresponding feature parameter description.

1 Executive Summary
The popularity of Mobile Broadband (MBB) and data services is increasing rapidly among the end
users around the world. Huawei predicts that from 2010 and onward, global data traffic will
increase many times compared to voice traffic. A number of important factors are accelerating MBB
adoption, these include; flat charging rates, innovative smart phones, increased user awareness and
global coverage.
Deployment of HSPA+ and LTE networks along with the utilization of new frequency bands can
enable the mobile operators to reach these data traffic requirements. HSPA+ & LTE will work as
supporting technologies instead of competitors to compensate these data demands. It’s easy to
upgrade network to HSPA+ within remaining the limited cost y to support higher capacity and data
demands.
As a key technology for mobile broadband, High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) has been widely
launched by WCDMA operators around the world. According to different statistical analysts,
currently HSPA is the biggest source for mobile broadband. Informa Telecom and Media reported
that in 2013, the numbers of HSPA subscribers will reach to 900 millions worldwide, which will be
54% of total MBB subscriptions. Huawei HSPA+ White Paper V3.0 V1.0 (2011-05-30) Commercial in
Confidence Page 5 of 40
HSPA+ is the evolution of HSPA and defined by 3GPP in release 7 and further enhanced in its
upcoming releases. The purpose of developing HSPA+ was to increase the data and voice capacity
of 3G network, improve users’ experience, reduce service latency, extend UE battery time and
decrease the cost of data bits/sec so that HSPA could compete with other mobile broadband
technologies, and maintain its grip on the market.
HSPA+ deliver almost same peak data throughputs as in LTE in the limited bandwidth of 5 MHz and
10Mhz. HSPA+ can be deployed in combination of more than one carrier frequency as like as LTE to
increase the network data throughput capacity.
In general, HSPA+ enables the 3G technology to provide higher capacity data and voice services.
Huawei HSPA+ White Paper V3.0 V1.0 (2011-05-30) Commercial in Confidence Page 6 of 40
2 HSPA+ Introduction
As a dominant mobile broadband technology, HSPA+ is top priority of most of the mobile carriers around the
world. Substantial increase in network data throughput and voice capacity with the reduction of cost per bit is
the reasons behind the huge popularity of HSPA+. According to the GSA and Huawei wireless intelligence, up
to the end of March 2010, more than 90 operators committed to deploy HSPA+ and 45 of them have already
deployed commercial HSPA+ networks. Out of these operators, more than 60% have chosen Huawei as key
vendor due to its advance reliable end- to- end solution and high performance in HSPA technology. This
whitepaper provide key technologies and benefits of HSPA+. In addition, it gives details of Huawei HSPA+
solution and feature deployment strategy roadmap.
HSPA evolution, feature adoption and implementation based on 3GPP standards roadmap is given Figure 2-1.
Figure 2-1 HSPA+ 3GPP Standard roadmap and release dates

HSPA+ contain all the key features of legacy HSPA based on 3GPP R5 &R6 and add new features based on
3GPP R7, R8, and R9.
3GPP Release 7 features for HSPA+ are:
Higher order modulation for uplink (16QAM) and downlink (64QAM)
Downlink MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output),
Huawei HSPA+ White Paper V3.0 V1.0 (2011-05-30) Commercial in Confidence Page 7 of 40
Enhanced CELL_FACH state (downlink)
Improved layer 2 support for high downlink data rates

Continuous Packet Connectivity (CPC）

3GPP Release 8 features for HSPA+ are:

Combination of MIMO and 64QAM
CS over HSPA
Dual Cell HSDPA
Improved layer 2 support for high uplink data rates
Enhanced CELL_FACH state (Uplink)
Enhanced DRx in CELL_FACH

3GPP Release 9 features for HSPA+ are:

Combination of MIMO , 64QAM and DCHSDPA in downlink
Dual Band DC-HSDPA (f1@ 900Mhz – f2:@2100Mhz, f1@ 1900Mhz – f2@ 2100Mhz, f1@ 850Mhz –
f2@ 2100Mhz)
DC-HSUPA
Transmit Antenna Array (TxAA)

In addition Multi carrier HSDPA will included for HSPA+ in 3GPP R10 standard.
The main purpose of introducing HSPA+ advance features is to increase the network data and voice capacity
and improve end user experience by providing high speed service.
Configuration of 64QAM based Higher Order Modulation (HOM) is the first and easy way to increase cell and
user data capacity. It requires only software change in the network to support 64QAM. 1.4% increase in user
data can be achieved by the introduction of 64QAM.
Due to the coverage challenges of 64QAM, it is necessary to use advance transmission modes to provide
higher data rate to the maximum of end users, especially in the middle and edges of cells.
Use of Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO) and two or more carrier frequencies (DC/MC-HSPA) can increase
the throughput and quality of user data in all parts of the cell coverage area. The combination of MIMO and
DC-HSPA is important for the increase in peak and average data rate of cell and end user.
Voice over HSPA is implemented to increase numbers of voice subscribers in a cell. The use of high speed
channels for voice service increases the voice capacity of a cell. VoIP over HSPA and circuit switched voice
over HSPA are the two solutions for voice over HSPA.
HSPA+ enhanced the end users’ experience by reducing the service latency and increasing battery lifetime.
This is realized by implementing advance interference cancellation techniques like Continuous Packet
Connectivity (CPC) and new channel mapping procedures like enhanced cell FACH.
The coming sections of this document provide details of HSPA+ key features based on Huawei RAN 13
(3GPP R9) and explain the purpose for deploying these features. Huawei HSPA+ White Paper V3.0 V1.0 (2011-
05-30) Commercial in Confidence Page 8 of 40
3 Key Highlights of Huawei HSPA+
Huawei has developed HSPA+ technology according to the 3GPP standards. Staring from 2009 as HSPA+
phase 1 based on 3GPP R7, Huawei is ready to commercialize HSPA+ phase 3 based on 3GPP R9 in first
quarter of 2011. The first and 2nd phases of HSPA+ were released in RAN11 and RAN12 in 2009 and 2010
consecutively. The third phase based on 3GPP R9 will be released in RAN13. Following figure is an overview
of Huawei HSPA+ technology roadmap:
Figure 3-1 Huawei HSPA+ Solution Roadmap

The detailed descriptions along with the benefits of key features of HSPA+ are given in the below sections:
Huawei HSPA+ White Paper V3.0 V1.0 (2011-05-30) Commercial in Confidence Page 9 of 40
3.2 Higher Order Modulation (HOM) at Air Interface
HSPA+ uses HOM techniques in both uplink and downlink to increase the number of bits per data symbol and
hence to increase the cell and user data throughput. In downlink, 64QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation)
scheme is used along with 16QAM and in uplink 16QAM modulation scheme is adopted along with QPSK
(Quadrature Phase Shift keying) modulation. The details of QPSK, 16QAM and 64QAM along with their bits
capacity per symbol is given in Figure 3-2
Figure 3-2 Constellation Patterns for HSPA modulation schemes

.
By using 64QAM instead of 16QAM as modulation scheme in HSPA+ downlink, the number of bits per
symbol increase from 4bits to 6bits and hence the data rate of each HSDSCH code increase from 960kbps to
1.4Mbps. The HOM of 64QAM can achieve 21Mbps data throughput in the downlink. Table 3-1 gives
comparison between 64QAM and 16QAM.
Table 3-1 –DL16QAM and 64QAM peak rate comparison
DL Modulation Scheme Maximum Peak Data Rate
64QAM 21 Mbps
16 QAM 14.4 Mbps