QUIZ- Business Law and Taxation

1. A form of delivery which takes place after the seller of the property continues in possession of said property no
longer as owner but as mere possessor.
a. Traditio constitutum possessorium c. Traditio brevi-manu
b. Traditio Clavium d. Quasi-traditio
2. When goods are delivered to the buyer on “sale or return” the ownership passes to the buyer
a. upon delivery of the goods c. upon acceptance of the buyer of the seller’s
b. upon the expiration of the period agreed offer
upon d. upon perfection of the sale

3. When things are delivered to the buyer on approval, trial, or satisfaction, the ownership passes to the buyer:
a. upon delivery of the things c. upon conception of the sale
b. upon meeting of minds d. upon return of the things to the seller
4. P orally appointed A as his agent to sell the former’s land. On January 3, 2001, A sold the land to B who
forthwith took possession thereof. It turned out however, that on January 1, 2001, P, without informing A,
had already sold the same to land to C, who up to now was taken possession of the same land. Neither of the
sales was registered. Whose contract shall prevail?
a. The sale to B for he was the first in possession in good faith.
b. The sale to C for the land was first sold to him by the owner.
c. The sale to B for the agent was duly authorized to sell the land
d. The sale to C because the sale to B was void, A was not duly authorized by P.
5. S sold to A in a memorandum of agreement of sale his parcel of land. After a week, S sold the same land to B
in a formal deed of sale. Upon buying the land, B who was aware of the sale to A, immediately took
possession thereof and registered the sale in his favor. When informed of the second sale, A subsequently
registered an adverse claim with the Registry of Deeds. The parcel of land shall belong to:
a. A, because he has the older title.
b. B, because the sale to him was in a formal deed of sale.
c. B, because he first registered the sale in his favor.
d. B, because he was the first possessor of the land.
6. In case of redemption, which of the following will not be paid by the seller to the buyer?
a. Expenses incidental to the sale paid by the buyer
b. Necessary expenses made on the thing sold
c. The consideration of the sale paid by the buyer
d. The interest on the purchase price.
7. Dacion en pago as distinguished from sale
a. The object is always existing and specific c. There is no pre-existing obligation
b. There is greater freedom in fixing the price. d. The cause is the price.
8. S sold his car. There was no fixed date for the performance of their respective obligations. The obligation of
S as vendor is:
a. To wait for the buyer to pay the price before he delivers.
b. To deliver the immediately since the sale has been perfected.
c. To deliver the car after the buyer demands delivery.
d. Rescind the contract for time if performance not fixed.
9. A, B and C are co-owners of a parcel of land pro-indiviso. A sold his share to B in an absolute deed of sale.
Which is correct?
a. The deed of sale between A and B is void since it was made not in favor of a third person.
b. C may exercise his right of redemption on the interest of A sold to B.
c. C may redeem only ½ of the share sold by A to B.
d. C cannot exercise the right of redemption since the sale was made to a co-owner.
10. If the same thing was sold to different buyers, the ownership shall pertain to the one who has taken
possession thereof in good faith if movables.
The seller is liable to the buyer for any hidden defect of the thing sold only if he was aware thereof.
a. first statement is true, second is false c. both are true
b. both are false d. first is false, second is true
11. The buyer has a right to the fruits of the things:
a. from the time the fruits have been delivered
b. from the time the obligation to deliver the thing bought arises
c. from the time of perfection of the contract
d. from the time the thing bought is delivered
12. S sold his cat to B for P2, 000.00. No payment has been made and the sales document does not provide for
the date of delivery. Before delivery and payment, the cat gave birth to a kitten.
a. B is entitled to the kitten which was born after the perfection of the sale,
b. S is entitled to the fruit as B has not yet paid the price
c. S in entitled to the fruit because it was born before his obligation to deliver the cat.
d. B should pay an additional amount for the kitten to be entitled to it.
13. Three of the following are option money. Which one is the exception?
a. Given when the contract of sale is perfected
b. Given when there is no contract of sale, but as a consideration.
c. Given to bind the offeror in a unilateral promise to buy or sell.
d. Given as a consideration distinct from the price.
14. In a sale, this is actual delivery:
a. Execution and signing of the deed of sale.
b. Goods sold are placed in the control and possession of the vendee.
c. Delivery by the vendor of the keys to the place where the goods are kept or stored.
d. The vendee is already in possession of the goods even before the sale.
15. A and B entered into a contract of lease with option to buy the car of the former for a term of two years. For
three months B failed to pay the rentals and by reason thereof, A repossessed the car. Hence,
a. A can collect the unpaid rentals for three months
b. A can collect the unpaid rentals for the duration of the term of the lease of two years.
c. When A deprived B the possession of the leased car, he has no further action against the latter for any
unpaid rentals.
d. A shall return the rentals without deductions to B by virtue of the rescission of the contract of lease with
option to buy.
16. A offered in writing to sell his house and lot for Php 1M to B on January 20, 2001. B requested to give him
one month to raise the amount. On January 25, 2001, A informed B that he has raised the price to Php 1.5M.
Can B compel A to accept the payment to Php 1M for the sale of the house and lot?
a. Yes, because A is already estopped by his written offer of Php 1M.
b. Yes, because the one month option period has not yet expired.
c. No, because there is as yet no perfected sale.
d. No, because the seller has the sole discretion in fixing the price with or without the concurrence of the
buyer.
17. Which of the following may not be the object of a contract of sale?
a. Things, having potential existence
b. Things, the acquisition of which depends upon a contingency which may or may not happen.
c. Vain hope or expectancy
d. Things subject to a resolutory condition.
18. When the delivery takes place by mere consent or agreement of the parties as when the vendor merely
points to the thing sold which shall thereafter be at the disposal of the vendee if the thing sold cannot be
transferred to the possession of the vendee upon the sale?
a. Tradition symbolica c. traditio longa manu
b. Tradition brevi manu d. tradition constitutum possessorium
19. A placed an order with B for one hundred pieced of T-shirts which were then not available but
manufactured by B and consigned to its sales outlets regularly. The contract between A and B is:
a. contract for a piece of work c. contract of sale
b. contract or lease of service d. remuneratory contract
20. A sold a parcel of land to B. Thereafter, A sold the same land to C who immediately took possession of the
land in good faith. In this case, the proper remedy of B is:
a. ask for the annulment of the sale
b. file an action in court against C to recover the land
c. institute an action for damages against A for breach of contract
d. file an action for rescission of the sale to C due to damage suffered by him
21. A seller sold to a buyer a piece of jewelry at a price of Php 1M. The contract provides that the buyer will pay
the seller cash Php .4 M and deliver the buyer’s car worth Php .6M. The contract is:
a. barter c. partly sale partly barter
b. sale d. commodatum
22. A delivers B his parcel of land worth Php 1M in exchange for the car of B worth Php .5M and cash in the
amount of Php .5M. The contract is:
a. barter c. partly barter partly sale
b. sale d. innominate contract
23. On January 2, 2001 A sold to B his car with the payment to be made on January 10, 2001. However, on
January 6, 2001, A sold the same car to C who immediately took possession thereof. Decide:
 a. B must wait for January 10, 2001 and sue A for damages.
b. B may recover the car from C because the former was first buyer.
c. B may claim damages from A for breach of contract of sale.
d. B can file an action to annul the sale to C even if C is in good faith in buying the car.
24. • In case of double sale of real property, the possessor in good faith shall be preferred to the registrant,
possessor in bad faith.
• In all cases of double sale, priority is given to the buyer in good faith, that is, whether registrant, possessor
or with the oldest title.
a. first statement is false, second is true c. both are false
b. first is true, second is false d. both are true
25. A sold his land to B who began to possess it. Later, C, a stranger sold the same land to D, who in good faith
registered the sale and thus obtained the title in his name. The owner is:
a. D is the owner for he was the first to register in good faith.
b. A remains to be the owner because C had no authority to sell.
c. A is still the owner because B did not register the sale.
d. B is the owner because the owner is his seller and he has taken possession of the land.
26. S sold his land to B. Then S became B’s tenant on the land. Subsequently, S sold the same land to C. Neither
sale was registered. Who should be the owner?
a. S remains to be the owner because neither of the contracts of sale was registered.
b. C is the owner because the possession of the land was not transferred to B as buyer thereof.
c. B is the owner since he bought the land from S as owner thereof and has possession of the same.
d. S retains the ownership of the land because he still has possession.
27. A sold his land to B. Later, A sold the same land to C. B in turn, sold the same land to D, who took possession
of the land in good faith. C, a purchaser in good faith, registered the sale in his favor. Decide.
a. B is the owner of the land because he was the first buyer.
b. C is the owner of the land having registered the sale in good faith.
c. D is the owner of land being the transferee of the rights of B and who is in possession in good faith.
d. D is the owner because after A sold the and to B, A had no more right to transfer ownership to C, the
second buyer.
28. A husband and his wife were living together under a conjugal partnership of gains. Later, because of a
quarrel, the wife left the husband without judicial approval. They have thus been living apart for more than
ten years. The wife later sold her land to the said husband. Is the sale valid?
a. The sale is valid because the spouses have been separated for more than ten years.
b. The sale is valid because after separation there is already a separation of properties between the
spouses.
c. The sale is void because of the absence of separation of properties between spouses.
d. The sale is void because the spouses are living apart.
29. A sold to B in a private instrument a parcel of land for Php 5, 000.00. B now wants A to place the contract in
a public instrument so that B could register the sale with the Registry of Deeds and secure the Transfer
Certificate of Title in his name. Decide:
a. A may not be forced or compelled to execute the public instrument since the sale is unenforceable being
in private instrument only.
b. A cannot be required to place the contract in a notarized deed of sale because the contract is void not
being in public instrument.
c. A can be required to execute the public instrument only if B has paid the purchase price.
d. A has the obligation to execute the public instrument because the contract of sale is enforceable.
30. A sold to B orally a parcel of land for P.5M. Delivery and payment were made four months later. When the
said date arrived, A refused to deliver the land. Can B compel A to deliver?
a. Yes, because the sale has been perfected already and obligations of the parties are reciprocally
demandable.
b. Yes, because there was an agreement to deliver after four months and that should be respected by the
parties.
c. No, because the sale although valid is unenforceable.
d. No, because the sale is void, being orally entered into.
31. A buys from B a piece of land supposed to contain 1, 000 sq. m. at the rate of P10, 000.00 per sq.m. But the
land actually contains 1, 500 sq.m. Which of the following is not included in the rights of A?
a. A may demand the delivery of the entire land with proportionate increase of the price.
b. A may reject the excess of 500 sq.m. and accept only the 1, 000 sq.m.
c. A may rescind the contract of sale because what was delivered is not in accordance with the contract.
d. None of the above.
32. A buys a land from B at the lump sum of P1M. In the contract, the area is stated to be 1, 000 sq. m. The
boundaries were mentioned in the contract. It was discovered, however, that the land within the boundaries
really contains 1,500 sq.m. Which of the following is not a right of A?
a. A may demand the delivery of all the 1,500 sq.m. without any price increase.
b. If B refuses to deliver all the 1, 500 sq m. A may demand proportionate reduction of the price.
c. A may rescind the contract of sale if B does not deliver all that is included in the boundaries.
d. A may treat the contract as void ab initio because the object is not determinate as to its kind.
33. A bought a pair of shoes from a shoe store and repair shop. It was later discovered, however, that the shoes
did not belong to the store but a customer who had left the same for repair. Did A acquire good title to the
shoes?
a. No, because it was sold by the store which is not the owner thereof.
b. No, because it is the fault of A in not exercising diligence in buying the shoes as to its real ownership.
c. Yes, because it was bought from a store in good faith and for value.
d. Yes, because the owner of the shoes was precluded from setting up want of authority of the store in
selling the shoes.
34. A, B and C are co-owners in equal shares of one hectare rural land, the adjoining owners to which are D and
E, the latter owning the smaller area. A donated his share of the land owned in common to X who is a rural
landowner. Upon the proper notice of the sale, B, C, D and E sought to exercise the right of legal redemption
over the shares sold. Who shall have the right to do so?
a. A and B are preferred to D and E to redeem because co-owners have preference to adjoining owners.
b. E shall have the right to redeem because he has smaller area of land than D.
c. The first one between A and B to request redemption shall be preferred in case both demand.
d. None of them has the right to redeem because the land alienated was not by onerous title.
35. In the sale of goods, if the seller delivers more than the quantity agreed upon, the buyer may rescind the
contract of sale.
The seller shall have the right of legal redemption only if this right has been agreed upon between the seller
and the buyer.
a. both statements are false c. first is false, second is true
b. both are true d. first is true, second is false
36. If several persons, jointly and in the same contract, should sell an undivided immovable with a right of
repurchase, none of them may exercise this right for more than his respective share.
Each one of the co-owners of an individual immovable, who may have sold his share separately, may
independently exercise the right of repurchase as regards his own share, and the vendee cannot compel him
to redeem the whole property.
a. both statements are true c. first is true, second is false
b. both are false d. second is true, first is false
37. B in good faith purchased a diamond ring from C, a friend of his. C gave B a bill of sale. Later on, O identified
the ring as the one she had lost about a year before. There is no question as to the truth of O’s allegation. In
this case:
a. O cannot recover the ring from B because the latter was in good faith when he bought the ring from C.
b. O cannot recover the ring from B because it was lost by him (O) and found by C, therefore, C, as finder
will be keeper and owner who could transfer ownership to B, an innocent purchaser for value.
c. C is the one liable to O for damages while B becomes owner who could not be disposed being an
innocent purchaser for value.
d. O can recover the ring from B even if he is an innocent purchaser for value because C did not have title to
convey to B.
38. X the owner of a certain jewelry though same to Y, “on sale or return” upon a specified period of time. Y sold
the said jewelry to Z, but retains the price. Can X recover the jewelry from Z?
a. X can recover the jewelry from Z being an unpaid seller whose ownership was not transferred to Y upon
delivery to him.
b. X can recover the jewelry from Z but after reimbursement of the price paid.
c. X cannot recover the jewelry from Z because his seller (Y) has transferred ownership to him.
d. X cannot recover the jewelry from Z because it was sold by his agent, Y to Z his only recourse is to go
after Y for his failure to remit the payment to him.
39. A sold a piano to B, who immediately paid the price. Because the piano was at the repair shop at the time of
the sale, no delivery was made. While at the said place, C, who has filed a suit against him, attached the
piano, May B oppose the attachment?
a. B may oppose the attachment on the ground that he already was the owner of the same after he
immediately paid the price.
b. B may oppose the attachment because there was already constructive delivery to him of the piano and
therefore, he is the owner of the same.
 c. B may not oppose the attachment because, although he is not yet the owner of the piano, he has already
paid the price and has preference over the thing than C.
d. B may not oppose the attachment because he is not yet the owner despite payment of the price as there
is no delivery yet.

40. P authorized A to sell the former’s car. A sold the car to X. Without knowledge of the sale to X, P sold the
same car to Z. Which of the two buyers shall be preferred?
a. X, being the buyer of a duly authorized c. X, the first registrant in good faith of the sale.
agent. d. The first possessor in good faith of the car.
b. Z, being the buyer of the principal himself.
41. S sold to B his parcel of land valued at P1M only for a measly sum of P.5M because of his poor judgment on
the real value of the land and the ability of B to bargain for a low price. The sale therefore is:
a. Voidable due to inadequacy of the price.
b. Rescissible because S suffered lesion or damage.
c. Presumed equitable mortgage due to the unusually inadequate price.
d. Valid although may be annulled because of vitiated consent of S.
42. In payment of his debt to X, A ceded to his one half (1/2) share in a parcel of land he co-owned with B. B
therefore:
a. Has the right of pre-emption as co-owner.
b. Has the right of redemption as co-owner.
c. Has neither right of redemption nor pre-emption since the transfer was not of sale.
d. Has the right to compel X to buy his ½ share of the land to prevent co-ownership between X and himself.
43. In case of doubt, a sale with a right to repurchase or without a right to repurchase shall be construed as an
equitable mortgage. The seller therefore:
a. May ask for the reformation of the instrument.
b. May ask for the annulment of the contract.
c. Mays ask the court for the declaration of nullity of the contract.
d. Shall be bound to perform his obligation as seller.
44. A sold to X his ½ share of the parcel of land he co-owns with B. C owns the parcel of land adjoining that of A
and B. Both B and C want to redeem the share of A which the latter sold to X.
a. C shall be preferred to B in the redemption from X.
b. B’s right as co-owner excludes that of C, the latter being only an adjoining owner.
c. C has a better right to the redemption as an adjoining owner.
d. B and C equally redeem the share of A.
45. In a contract to sell of a parcel of land, it was stipulated that upon failure to pay the price at the time agreed
upon for payment, the sale is automatically rescinded. Hence, if the buyer fails to pay as agreed upon:
a. The sale shall not be rescinded as a matter of right and the buyer may still pay as long as there is no
demand for rescission.
b. The rescission of the contract of sale shall of right take place.
c. The rescission of the contract to sell shall of right take place.
d. Contract to sell and of contract of sale, rescission of the sale shall of right take place.
46. S sold to B his dog which he knew was afflicted with a disease. The parties agreed that there is no warranty
against hidden defect. After delivery, the dog was struck by lightning and thus died.
a. S is not liable to pay B any amount because the dog was lost due to fortuitous event.
b. S is not liable because of the waiver agreed upon between B and himself.
c. S is liable to return the price paid by B because the waiver is void.
d. S is liable for the price less the value of the dog at the time of loss.
47. On July 5, 2006, A sold for P2M her house and lot to B. It was agreed that delivery of the house and lot, and
the payment therefore would be made on August 1, 2006. Unfortunately, C, negligently set the house on fire
on July 26, 2006 and the house was completely destroyed. Which is correct?
a. B is not required to P2M since the contract had no subject matter.
b. A must still deliver the lot but is excused from delivering the house, while B must still pay the P2M.
c. A must still deliver the lot while B should pay only the amount equivalent to the value of the lot.
d. A need not deliver the lot while B need not pay the P2M.
48. If immovable property should have been sold to different vendees, the ownership shall be transferred to the
person
a. who have first taken possession in good faith
b. who presents the oldest title in good faith.
c. who in good faith first recorded it in the Registry of Property
d. who have paid in good faith the purchase price in full.
49. Using the preceding number, if movable property, it shall belong to the person
a. who have paid in good faith the purchase price in full
 b. who have in good faith first recorded it in the Registry of Property
c. who presents the oldest title in good faith
d. who have first taken possession in good faith.
50. Action by the vendee against the vendor to nullify the sale due to some vices or defects which render the
object of sale unfit for the use intended or knowledge to which, the vendee would not have bought the thing.
a. Accion quanti minoris c. Accion pauliana
b. Accion reinvindicatoria d. redhibitory action
51. Action to seek a corresponding reduction in price by reason of some vices or defects in the thing purchased.
a. Accion quanti minoris c. accion pauliana
b. Accion reinvindicatoria d. redhibitory action
52. The redhibitory action based on the faults or defects of animals must be brought within
a. 30 days from delivery to the vendee c. 45 days from delivery to the vendee
b. 40 days from delivery to the vendee d. 6 months from delivery to the vendee
53. In a contract of sale of personal property, the price which is payable in installments, the vendor may exercise
any of the following remedies, except:
a. Exact fulfillment of the obligation, should the vendee fail to pay any installment.
b. Cancel the sale, should the vendee’s failure to pay cover two or more installment.
c. Foreclose the chattel mortgage on the thing sold, if one has been constituted should the vendee’s failure
to pay cover two or more installments.
d. Rescind the sale should the vendee fail to pay any installment.
54. The right of the seller to stop goods in transit, upon discovering that the buyer does not have the funds to
pay for the goods.
a. pre-emptive right c. voting right
b. appraisal right d. right of stoppage in transitu
55. A sold to B a parcel of land for P3.8M. The sale is evidenced by a memorandum of agreement of sale. One
week later, A sold the same parcel of land to C for P4M. This is evidenced by a formal deed of sale. Upon
buying the property, C was aware of the first sale, immediately took possession of the lot. When informed of
the second sale, B subsequently registered an adverse claim property. Later, C registered the deed of sale in
her favor. The parcel of land shall belong to
a. B because he has got an older title. c. C because he is first to take possession
b. C because he is the first to register d. No one as both sales are void.
56. A contract of sale whereby the seller acquires the right to redeem or repurchase the object of the sale from
the buyer within a certain period agreed upon.
a. equitable mortgage c. on sale or return
b. absolute sale d. pacto de retro sale
57. A sold to B his car and promised to deliver ten days later. The next day, after the sale to B, A sold the same
car to C and immediately effected delivery to C. On the day agreed upon, A did not deliver the car to B. Which
is correct?
a. B can cancel the contract between A and C, because the contract between A and B was perfected ahead
of the contract between A and C.
b. B should make a demand to make A in default.
c. A is liable to B for the value of the car plus damages after B makes a demand.
d. A is liable to B for damages and is in default without need for any demand.
58. A sold to B her GUAPO guitar. It was agreed that A would fix the price a week later. At the agreed time, A
named the price P10, 000. B agreed. Was the sale perfected?
a. No, because the price was left to the discretion of one of the contracting parties.
b. No, because at the time of sale, the price was not fixed.
c. Yes, because the price fixed by one of the parties was accepted by the other.
d. Yes, because there was agreement that A would fix the price.
59. Not an implied warranty in a contract of sale:
a. right to sell the thing at the time of perfection of the contract
b. reasonably fit for the purpose for which they are acquired
c. merchantable in quality
d. free from charges or encumbrances not declared or known to the buyer
60. After the death of C, A, C’s son, sold his inheritance though its amount has not yet been determined to B for a
consideration of P1, 000, 000. Which is correct?
a. The contract is valid if the value of inheritance is at least equal to P1, 000, 000.
b. The contract is valid even though the inheritance to be turned over to B is less than P1M.
c. The contract is void as future inheritance cannot be the object of sale.
d. The contract is unenforceable
61. A stole a fountain pen from P and sold it to B Merchandise, a “store for pens” which paid for it in good faith,
not knowing it was stolen. The “store” then sold it to C, a reviewee. Which is correct?
a. C cannot be considered as the owner because the original seller (A) is not the real owner.
b. P may recover the fountain pen from C without reimbursement because he is the legal owner.
c. C became the owner because he purchased the pen from a merchant store.
d. C became the owner regardless whether the seller is a store for pens or not, because C bought it in good
faith.
62. When goods are delivered to the buyer on “sale or return” for period of seven days, ownership of the goods
passes to the buyer:
a. upon perfection of the contract
b. upon acceptance by the buyer of the offer of the seller
c. upon expiration of seven days
d. upon delivery of the goods
63. Quasi- traditio is equivalent to:
a. Tradition longa- manu c. Tradition constitutum possessorium
b. Tradition brevi- manu d. buyer has the title of ownership
64. B imported radios from Japan and asked for 220 volts capacity. The radios arrived clearly labeled 220 volts
and B sold them to the public as such. Later, a customer complained that the radios have been mislabeled by
the manufacturer and that they were good only for 110 volts.
a. B is liable to the vendees for any hidden defects even though he is not aware.
b. B is not liable because he is in good faith.
c. B is not liable under the principle of “caveat emptor” or buyer beware
d. The vendees may hold the manufacturer liable but not B because B specifically asked for 220 volts.
65. If redemption is to be made by the seller, one of the following need not be given to the buyer.
a. expenses of the contract c. necessary expenses on the thing sold
b. interest on the price of the sale d. price of the sale
66. Not an element of the seller’s right of stoppage in transitu
a. the goods must be in transit c. the seller must be in possession of the goods
b. the buyer must be insolvent d. the seller must be unpaid
67. A sold his only car to B for P300, 000 to be paid as follows. P150, 000 upon delivery of the car to B and the
balance at P10, 000 per month until full payment of the purchase price. Later, the car gets burned in the
possession of B through fortuitous event before full payment of the balance. Is B obliged to pay the balance?
a. No, because the car was lost through fortuitous event and without B’s fault, hence B’s obligation is
extinguished.
b. No, because the loss should be borne by the seller as this is an installment sale so until the buyer pays
the full amount of the price of the sale, A remains to be the owner.
c. Yes, but A must give another car to B because of the principle “genus non quam peruit” or generic thing
never perishes.
d. Yes, because of the principle that “res perit domino” or the thing perishes with the owner.
68. A, B and C are co-owners of an undivided parcel of land. A sold his 1/3 interest to B absolutely. Which is
correct?
a. C may exercise his right to redemption on the interest sold by A to B.
b. C can not exercise the right of redemption because the sale was made in favor of a co-owner.
c. The sale made by A to B is void because it was not made in favor of a stranger.
d. C may redeem only ½ of the interest sold by A to B.
69. Using the preceding number, suppose, instead of selling his interest to B, A sold it to D, who can exercise the
right of redemption?
a. both B and C b. B but not C c. C but not B d. A, B and C
70. Which of the following cannot be an object of a contract of sale?
a. incorporeal property
b. young animal not yet conceived at the time of perfection
c. land which the seller expects to buy
d. object outside the commerce of man.
71. A offered for sale to B 20 cavans of wigwag rice and fixed the price per cavan at P10 over the price offered at
Y’s store in Quinta Market. The price is:
a. not certain because the price at Quinta Market is not stated.
b. Certain because it has got reference to another thing which is certain.
c. Certain because there is a price ceiling for price of rice.
d. Not certain so the court may fix the price.
72. A offers to B 100 electric fans for P80, 000 payable in 60 days with 12% interest per annum. B accepted the
offer by telegram provided that interest is reduced to 6%. If there is no further communication between A
and B relating to the terms:
 a. The contract is perfected because of the acceptance by B.
b. There is no contract yet between A and B because B made a counter offer.
c. The contract is perfected under the terms of A
d. There is no contract yet unless B gives earnest money.
73. A owns 50 mango trees bearing fruits, ready to harvest. She sold all the fruits of all trees to B who paid P100,
000. A told B that he can harvest her fruits anytime he likes and pointing at the mango trees. For legal
purposes, A has fulfilled her obligation to deliver the mango fruits to B by:
a. Tradition brevi-manu c. Tradition longa manu
b. Tradition symbolica d. tradition constitutumpossessorium
74. A sold her specific car to B for P200, 000 payable in 5 equal installments. A delivered the car to B but a
mortgage was constituted on the car to answer for the unpaid installments. B paid the first 2 installments
but failed to pay the last 3 installments. A foreclosed the mortgaged property and sold it at public auction for
P100, 000. Which is correct?
a. A can recover from B the balance of P20, 000 even if there is no stipulation to that effect.
b. A can recover from B the balance of P20, 000 if there is stipulation to that effect.
c. A cannot recover the deficiency except if there is stipulation to that effect.
d. A cannot recover the deficiency even if there is stipulation to the contrary.
75. Ownership of the thing sold is
a. retained by the seller in “sale or return”
b. transferred to the buyer upon constructive or actual delivery of the thing sold
c. acquired by the buyer upon perfection of the contract
d. transferred to the buyer upon acceptance of the price.
76. Y sold his horse to Z for P50, 000. No payment has yet been made and the sales document does not provide
the date of delivery. Before delivery and payment, the horse gave birth to a colt. Which is correct?
a. Z is entitled to the colt which was born after the perfection of the contract.
b. Y is entitled to the fruit (colt) as Z has not paid the price yet.
c. Y is entitled to the fruit (colt) because it was born before his obligation to deliver arises
d. Z should pay additional amount for the colt to be entitled to it.
77. A contract of sale is in stage of conception when
a. There is meeting of the minds. c. The parties come to an agreement.
b. Negotiations are in progress. d. The contract is perfected.
78. A seller sold to a buyer a piece of jewelry at a price of P20, 000. The contract provides that the buyer will pay
the seller cash – P15, 000 and for the balance, the buyer will give the seller a micro oven worth P5, 000.
What is the nature of the contract?
a. sale c. barter
b. partly sale and partly barter d. commodatum
79. A, guardian of B, sold B’s house and lot worth P480, 000 for P 240, 000.
a. The contract can be rescinded because of inadequacy of price.
b. The contract cannot be rescinded because there is no fraud, mistake or undue influence.
c. The contract cannot be rescinded because all the element of the contract are present.
d. The contract can be rescinded by A.
80. The buyer is obliged to pay interest on the price from the time of delivery of the thing sold up to the time of
payment in three of the following instances, except:
a. should it have been stipulated
b. should the thing produce fruits or income
c. should the vendee be in default in the payment of the price
d. should the vendee be insolvent
81. S sold to B a water pump with brand name “higopka”. After delivery, it was discovered that the pump does
not function well prompting B to complain. Therefore:
a. B does not have the right to complain for breach of warranty against hidden defect because the right has
a brand name when sold.
b. B has the right to complain for breach of warranty against hidden defect despite the thing being sold
under a patent name or trade name.
c. S is not liable for hidden defect even if the thing sold is unfit for the particular purpose for which it is
sold.
d. S is liable for hidden defect only if it was stipulated.
82. In contract to sell,. The buyer becomes owner upon delivery of the thing sold.
In contract of sale, the buyer becomes owner upon payment of the price.
a. both statements are true c. first statement is false, second is true
b. both are false d. first is true, second is false
83. D deposited his goods in the warehouse of W who issued to D a warehouse receipt stating that the goods are
to be delivered to bearer. Thereafter, A obtained possession of the warehouse receipt from D in exchange for
what he claimed to be a bar of gold, which, however, was discovered by D to be fake. D demanded the return
of the warehouse receipt from A but the same had already been negotiated by A to H, who purchased the
document for value, in good faith and without notice that D was deprived of possession thereof by fraud.
The negotiation by A to H is:
a. voidable b. valid c. void d. rescissible
84. S sold shares of stock of San Manuel Corporation to B at P50.00 per share. The transfer of the ownership of
the shares of stock may be made through any of the following means, except:
a. Execution of the sale in a public instrument.
b. The giving by S to B of the power to vote in the stockholder’s meeting of San Manuel Corporation and the
actual exercise thereof by B.
c. The endorsement by S of the stock certificate covering the 500 shares of stock and its placing it in the
possession of B.
d. The issuance by S of the official receipt for the full payment of the purchase of the shares by B.
85. A contract whereby one of the contracting parties obligates himself to transfer the ownership of and to
deliver a determinate thing and the other to pay therefore a price certain in money or its equivalent is a
contract of:
a. barter b. sale c. dacion en pago d. mortgage
86. The following are the essential elements of a contract of sale, except:
a. consent of the contracting parties
b. subject matter which should be determinate
c. price which is certain in money or its equivalent
d. warranty against eviction and against hidden defects
87. The following are the characteristics of a contract of sale, except:
a. Principal, which means that a contract of sale can exist by itself
b. Real, which requires the delivery of the object of the contract of sale for its perfection.
c. Onerous, where rights are acquired in exchange of a valuable consideration.
d. Bilateral, which means that both parties are bound reciprocally to each other.
88. One of the following characteristics of dacion en pago is a characteristic of a contract of sale. Which is it?
a. There is pre-existing credit.
b. Obligations are extinguished.
c. There is less freedom in fixing the price.
d. Ownership of the object is transferred to the other party.
89. The following are characteristics of a contract of sale except one which refers to the payment by cession.
a. There is no pre-existing credit.
b. The cause or consideration is the price.
c. There is more freedom in fixing the price.
d. Assignee of the property acquires the right to sell the thing but not the ownership thereof.
90. Which of the following is not a requisite of the object of a contract of sale?
a. It must be within the commerce of men.
b. It must be licit.
c. It must be determinate thing.
d. Vendor must have the right to transfer the ownership of the thing at the time of sale.
91. S sells to B at P50 per liter 300 liters of gasoline stored in his truck tank, which is unknown to the parties
contains 500 liters. What is the status of the contract of sale between S and B?
a. The sale is void because the quantity available is more than the quantity sold.
b. The sale is valid up to 500 liters of gasoline. B must pay for the additional 200 liters.
c. The sale is valid up to 300 liters of gasoline. B becomes the owner of 3/5 of the whole stock, while S
becomes the owner of 2/5 thereof.
d. The sale is rescissible because S will suffer lesion of more than ¼ of the value of the whole stock.
92. The seller must be the owner of the property he sells because he must transfer the ownership thereof to the
buyer.
The delivery of the thing sold may be by mere agreement of the parties.
a. both statements are true c. both are false
b. only the first is true d. only the second is true

93. S and B entered into a contract whereby S transferred to B a specific car for the price of P200, 000.00, while
B gave to S P90, 000.00 cash and a diamond ring worth P110, 000.00. The heading of the written contract
reads, “Contract of Sale”
a. The contract is void because the intention of the parties is void since the value of the diamond ring is
more than the monetary consideration given.
 b. The contract is a valid contract of sale as intended by the parties regardless of whether the monetary
consideration is more or less than the value of the property consideration.
c. The contract is a valid contract of barter since the value of the property is more than the monetary
consideration. The intention of the parties is immaterial.
d. The contract is partly a contract of barter and partly a contract of sale.
94. The price in a contract of sale is certain except:
a. When the parties have fixed or agreed upon a definite amount.
b. If the price is certain with reference to another thing certain.
c. If the fixing of the price is left to the discretion of one of the contracting parties.
d. If the price fixed is that which the thing sold would have on a definite day or in a particular exchange or
market.
95. On January 1, S orally sold to B a specific ring for P450.00. The parties agreed that S shall deliver the ring to
B on January 5, while B will pay the price on January 7.
a. The contract is perfected on January 5, when the ring is delivered by S to B.
b. The contract is perfected on January 1, when the parties had a meeting of minds on the object and
price.
c. The contract is perfected on January 7, when the price is paid, since both parties would then have
performed their obligations in the contract.
d. There is no perfected contract because the sale was made orally.