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1. Definition
2. Characteristics of Research
3. Dimensions of Research
4. Research Methodology
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Comparison of Basic & Applied Research Research Classification Accdg. to Information Type
Quantitative
CATEGORY BASIC RESEARCH APPLIED RESEARCH
Qualitative
Purpose Produce knowledge for Produce knowledge for
1. Quantitative Research
understanding action
Discipline Usually confined to 1 discipline Often multidisciplinary
- systematic empirical investigation of
▪ Quantitative properties of subject matter or phenomenon &
Audience Intended for scholarly Intended for policy makers & ▪ Relationships of these properties
audience or specialists scholarly audience
- measures atittudes, behaviors, perceptions (measurement
Coverage Often narrow in focus as it Often comprehensive as it is central to it)
strives for precision strives for solution to real-life
problem - usual objective: develop & use mathematical models to test
hypotheses & generate theories
- used widely in social sciences (economics, psychology,
political science, etc.)
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Qualitative & quantitative researches often used Data-gathering Tools (e.g., Researcher is data-
instrument questionnaires) used to gathering instrument
in tandem collect numerical data
Quantitative Qualitative
Category Research Research Research Classification Accdg. to Time
Data Type Numbers & statistics Words, pictures, objects
Degree of Partiality Relatively objective: Relatively subjective:
Dimension
precise measurement individual’s interpretation Cross-sectional
Use of Data Quantitative data more
efficient in testing
Qualitative data richer in
meaning, but time
Longitudinal
hypotheses; but may miss consuming & less 1. Cross-sectional Research
contextual detail generalizable
Researcher’s Participation Researcher tends to be Researcher tends to be - Involves observation of population or its
objectively separated from subjectively immersed in
subject matter subject matter
subset at a defined time
- Quick: doesn’t follow development of each
subject studied
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