Revista de filosofía - La actualidad de la lógica de Aristóteles Página 1 de 9 Revista de filosofía - La actualidad de la lógica de Aristóteles Página 2 de 9

7KHDUWLFOHGHDOVZLWKWKHWKHRUHWLFDOOLPLWVZKLFKXQLI\$ULVWRWOH
VORJLFZLWK$ULVWRWHOLDQORJLFDQG)LUVW2UGHU
  /RJLFDQGLWUHDOL]HVWKHLUGLIIHUHQFHVWRR,WH[DPLQHVWKHUHDVRQVWRPDLQWDLQWKHSUHVHQFHDQGDFWXDOLW\
RI$ULVWRWOH
VORJLFDQGGLVFRYHUVWKHLPSRUWDQFHRIWKHQRWLRQRIVFLHQFHLQGHILQLQJWKHQDWXUHRIORJLF
 
 .H\ZRUGVORJLFPDWWHUWUXWKIRUPDOLW\IRUPDOLVP




6HJ~QHQWLHQGRDSDUHFHQGRVFXHVWLRQHVEiVLFDVFXDQGRODDFWXDOLGDGGHODOyJLFDGH$ULVWyWHOHVVH
FRQVLGHUDKR\DVLHOODHVXQIUDJPHQWRGHODOyJLFDFRQWHPSRUiQHDRDOFRQWUDULRQRVHUHGXFHDpVWD
5HYLVWDGHILORVRItD Servicios \VLVRQLQGHSHQGLHQWHVEVLODSULPHUDSRGUtDHQFRQWUDUDOJ~QVHQWLGR\XWLOLGDGHQHOPXQGRDFWXDO0L
YHUVLyQ2QOLQH,661
LQWHQFLyQHQHVWHDUWtFXORHVHQWUHJDUDOJXQRVHOHPHQWRVSDUDUHVSRQGHUHVWDVFXHVWLRQHVDILQGH
Servicios personalizados DSUR[LPDUPHDXQDUHVSXHVWDVREUHODFXHVWLyQPiVGHIRQGRFXDOHVODGHODXQLGDGGHODOyJLFD
Rev. filos. v.62 Santiago 2006
Articulo en XML
,
GRL6
Referencias del artículo
$7DUVNLMXQWRFRQPXFKRVGHVXVGLVFtSXORVDOJXQRVGHHOORVIXHURQQXHVWURVFRQRFLGRVVRVWHQtDQTXHOD
Como citar este artículo OyJLFDGH$ULVWyWHOHVHVXQIUDJPHQWRGHODWHRUtDOyJLFDFRQWHPSRUiQHDDOJRPX\PHQRUHQFRPSDUDFLyQ
Citado por SciELO
FRQpVWD2SLQLyQPX\H[WHQGLGDSRUTXHBDVtVHFUHHBODWHRUtDOyJLFDGH$ULVWyWHOHV\GHORVDULVWRWpOLFRV
EiVLFDPHQWHVXVGHVDUUROORVVREUHSURSRVLFLRQHV\VLORJLVPRVSXHGHFRQWHQHUVHGHQWURGHXQDSDUWHGHOD
Citado por Google WHRUtDFRQWHPSRUiQHDDTXHOODUHIHULGDDOFiOFXORGHSUHGLFDGRVGHODOyJLFDGH3ULPHU2UGHQ )2/R
Similares en SciELO
Similares en Google
Traducción automática
Enviar articulo por email
OyJLFDGHSUHGLFDGRVRFXDQWLILFDFLRQDOFXDQGRHOH[SRQHQWHGHODIXQFLyQHVXQR\ODIXQFLyQHVOODPDGD
PRQiGLFD<TXHHVWRVHKDDGPLWLGRXQLYHUVDOPHQWHHVFODURSRUHOKHFKRGHTXHKDVWDORVSULQFLSDOHV
FRPHQWDULVWDVGH$ULVWyWHOHVGHOVLJOR;;XWLOL]DQDPHQXGRHVWHOHQJXDMHOyJLFRSDUDH[SUHVDUFRQPD\RU

FODULGDGORVSHQVDPLHQWRVILORVyILFRVGH$ULVWyWHOHV 
0HSDUHFHVLQHPEDUJRTXHHVWDWHQGHQFLDHVSRVLWLYDVRORHQSDUWHSRUTXHBFRPRPRVWUDUpHQVHJXLGDB
)2/QRWUDGXFHFRPSOHWDPHQWHODULTXH]D\VXWLOH]DGHDOJXQRVSHQVDPLHQWRVOyJLFRVGH$ULVWyWHOHV'HVGH
DTXtDUUDQFDPLDUJXPHQWDFLyQDIDYRUGHODDFWXDOLGDGGHODOyJLFDGH$ULVWyWHOHVODLQFDSDFLGDGGHHVWH
OHQJXDMHOyJLFRPDWHPiWLFRSDUDUHSURGXFLUWRGDODULTXH]DGHODVREVHUYDFLRQHVOyJLFDVGHHVWHILOyVRIR
DQWLJXR(QHIHFWRHVFODURTXHHVWHOHQJXDMHSXHGHD\XGDUDH[SUHVDUDOJXQDVUHODFLRQHVDUJXPHQWDWLYDV
5HYLVWDGH)LORVRItD9ROXPHQ \DVHDQVLORJLVPRVRFRQVHFXHQFLDVKDFLpQGRODVPiVFODUDV3HURVLDOJXLHQTXLVLHUDIRUPDOL]DUGRV
SURSRVLFLRQHVTXHSDUD$ULVWyWHOHVHUDQGLIHUHQWHVQRSRGUtDKDFHUOR7yPHVHDC$OJ~QKRPEUHHVQR
(16$<26 EXHQR
\EC$OJ~QKRPEUHQRHVEXHQR
7RGRORTXHSRGHPRVKDFHUFRQVXVLQWD[LVHVGDUOHDDPEDV
 H[SUHVLRQHVXQDPLVPDIRUPDӃ[+[A¤%[4XHHVWHUHVXOWDGRQRVFRQGXFHDXQDGLILFXOWDGHV
HYLGHQWHSRUODVLJXLHQWHUD]yQ$ULVWyWHOHVKDFHXQDGLIHUHQFLDHQWUHD\EGLFLHQGRTXHDVHVLJXHGH

/DDFWXDOLGDGGHODOyJLFDGH$ULVWyWHOHV ESHURQRYLFHYHUVD (VWRORUHIUHQGDHQ$QDOtWLFRV3ULPHURV,EGRQGHVRVWLHQHTXHQRHVOR

PLVPRTXHDOJRVHDQREXHQR\TXHDOJRQRVHDEXHQR (VFODURTXH)2/GHPXHVWUDTXHDVHVLJXHGH
 E\EVHVLJXHGHDSRUTXHDFHSWDODHTXLYDOHQFLDGHHVWDVSURSRVLFLRQHV\SRUWDQWRWDPELpQ
FRQVHFXHQFLDWDXWROyJLFDUHFtSURFD
$FWXDOLW\RI$ULVWRWOH
VORJLF
,,

(QRWURVWUDEDMRVKHSURFXUDGRPRVWUDUVREUHHVWDPLVPDEDVHTXHODOyJLFDGH$ULVWyWHOHVQRHV
0DQXHO&RUUHLD LGHQWLILFDEOHFRQODOyJLFDDULVWRWpOLFDDXQTXHSDUH]FDHVWRPX\UDUR<HVTXH$ULVWyWHOHVVRVWLHQH

H[SOtFLWDPHQWHTXHODVSURSRVLFLRQHVPHQFLRQDGDVHQHOSiUUDIRDQWHULRUQRVHVLJXHQUHFtSURFDPHQWHHV
,QVWLWXWRGH)LORVRItD3RQWLILFLD8QLYHUVLGDG&DWyOLFDGH&KLOH6DQWLDJR&KLOH
PFRUUHLD#XFFO
5HVXPHQ
(ODUWtFXORUHYLVDORVOtPLWHVWHyULFRVTXHXQHQ\VHSDUDQODOyJLFDGH$ULVWyWHOHVGHODOyJLFDDULVWRWpOLFD\OD
OyJLFDGHSULPHURUGHQ&RQVLGHUDODVUD]RQHVSDUDVRVWHQHUODDFWXDOLGDGGHODOyJLFDGH$ULVWyWHOHV\VH
SUHJXQWDSRUODXQLGDGGHODGLVFLSOLQDGHVWDFDQGRODLPSRUWDQFLDGHODQRFLyQGHFLHQFLDHQODGHILQLFLyQGH
OyJLFD
GHFLUQRVRQHTXLYDOHQWHVSHURHOFRPHQWDULRDQWLJXR\PHGLHYDODVXPHTXHKD\XQPpWRGRGHSUXHED
TXHSHUPLWHGHPRVWUDUTXHDPEDVH[SUHVLRQHVVRQHIHFWLYDPHQWHHTXLYDOHQWHV(VWHPpWRGRGHSUXHEDHV
HODVtOODPDGR&DQRQGH3URFORTXHDFWXDOPHQWHOODPDPRVREYHUVLyQHQOyJLFDDULVWRWpOLFD(VFLHUWRFRPR
KHFRPHQWDGRHQRWURVOXJDUHVTXH$ULVWyWHOHVPLVPRQRHQVHxDQDGDDHVWHUHVSHFWRGHMDQGRODGXGD
GHVLHVQHFHVDULRHVWDEOHFHUHTXLYDOHQFLDVIRUPDOHVSDUDODVSURSRVLFLRQHVGHVXOyJLFD6REUHHVWDEDVH
KHFRQVLGHUDGRBFUHRTXHFRQMXVWDUD]yQBTXHHOHVWDGRGHVXWHRUtDOyJLFDQRSHUPLWHGHFLGLUUHVSHFWRGH
VLKD\RQRHQHOODHTXLYDOHQFLDVIRUPDOHV

$OEXVFDUXQDUD]yQGHHVWR VHFRQVWDWDXQDWHQGHQFLDFRP~QHQWUHORVFRPHQWDULVWDVQHRSODWyQLFRV
FLHUWRVOyJLFRVYDQJXDUGLVWDVGHODpSRFDKHOHQtVWLFDQHyWHURL\ORVOyJLFRVHVWRLFRVDIRUPDOL]DUODOyJLFD
3DODEUDVFODYHOyJLFDPDWHULDYHUGDGIRUPDOLGDGIRUPDOLVPR HQJHQHUDOQRVRORODGH$ULVWyWHOHVDXQTXHHVWDHUDHOUHIHUHQWHPiVFODURGHODpSRFD\GDUOHXQD
LQWHUSUHWDFLyQIRUPDOLVWD$OPLVPRWLHPSRFRPLHQ]DDHYLGHQFLDUVHXQOHWDUJRGHOSDUDGLJPDGHTXHHOODHV
XQLQVWUXPHQWRGHODFLHQFLD\ODILORVRItDSURSXHVWRSRU$ULVWyWHOHV\ORVSULPHURVSHULSDWpWLFRV'HVGH
$EVWUDFW OXHJRXQDGLIHUHQFLDVHKDOODHQHODVXQWRGHODVHTXLYDOHQFLDVSRUTXHWRGRVORVTXHSDUWLFLSDQGHHVWH
HVStULWXIRUPDOLVWDDFHSWDQHTXLYDOHQFLDVIRUPDOHV(OSULPHURGHTXLHQWHQJRUHJLVWURHV3URFORV,9G&
DXQTXHQRGHVFDUWRTXH\D3RUILULRV,,,9G&KD\DHQFDUQDGRORVQXHYRVLGHDOHVOyJLFRV

http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?pid=S0718-43602006000100009&script=sci_arttext 11/05/2010 http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?pid=S0718-43602006000100009&script=sci_arttext 11/05/2010

Revista de filosofía - La actualidad de la lógica de Aristóteles Página 3 de 9 Revista de filosofía - La actualidad de la lógica de Aristóteles Página 4 de 9

SUHGLFDGRVDPERVGHORVKRPEUHV\GHPXFKDVRWUDVFRVDVSHURQRHVQHFHVDULRSDUDXQRRSDUDHORWUR
$GHPiVDOH[DPLQDUORTXH$ULVWyWHOHVGLFHVREUHODFRQWUDSRVLFLyQ7ySLFRVEXQDGHVXV SHUWHQHFHUDHVDVFRVDVGHODVTXHVHSUHGLFDQSRUTXHQRWRGDVODVFRVDVVRQEXHQDVRPDODV<HQWUH
RSHUDFLRQHVOyJLFDVTXHHVWiUHODFLRQDGDFRQODREYHUVLyQXQRVHFRQYHQFHGHODLPSRUWDQFLDGHODPDWHULD HVWRVKD\FLHUWDPHQWHDOJRLQWHUPHGLRFRPRORJULV\ORDPDULOORHQWUHEODQFR\QHJURHQDOJXQRVFDVRV
GHODSURSRVLFLyQSDUDODLQWHUSUHWDFLyQGHVXWHRUtDOyJLFD(QRSLQLyQGH$OHMDQGURGH$IURGLVLDOD VLQHPEDUJRQRHVIiFLOHQFRQWUDUXQQRPEUHSDUDHOHVWDGRLQWHUPHGLRSHURHVSRUODQHJDFLyQGHFDGD
FRQWUDSRVLFLyQKHFKDSRU$ULVWyWHOHVODGHODSURSRVLFLyQGHWLSR$HVYiOLGDSRUTXHVHFXPSOHFXDQGROD XQRGHORVH[WUHPRVTXHHOHVWDGRLQWHUPHGLRHVUHFRQRFLGRFRPRHQHOFDVRGHQLEXHQRQLPDOR\QL
PDWHULDHVDFFLGHQWDOHVGHFLUODLQFOXVLyQGHORVSUHGLFDGRVHQORVVXMHWRVQRHVQHFHVDULDQLLPSRVLEOH MXVWRQLLQMXVWR
DGHPiVFXDQGRHVUHODWLYDDODLQFOXVLyQGHORVJpQHURV\HVSHFLHVHVGHFLUFXDQGRVHWUDWDGHLQFOXVLRQHV
GHSURSLHGDGHV\ILQDOPHQWHFXDQGRHVFRQVLGHUDGDODGHILQLFLyQHVGHFLUFXDQGRODPDWHULDHV
QHFHVDULDFRPRORHVHQHOFDVRGHOHMHPSORGH$ULVWyWHOHVSXHVHOKRPEUHHVSRUGHILQLFLyQXQDQLPDO
(QHVWHVHQWLGRHVLQWHUHVDQWHHOFRQWUDVWHH[SOLFDWLYRTXHKDFH$OHMDQGURHQVXFRPHQWDULRDOGHFLUTXH
KD\FLHUWDVFRQVHFXHQFLDVFRQWUDSRVLWLYDVTXHVRQYiOLGDVVROREDMRHOVXSXHVWRGHXQDFLHUWDPDWHULDGHOD
/DGRFWULQDGHODPDWHULDGHODSURSRVLFLyQVRVWLHQHTXHWRGDVODVSURSRVLFLRQHVGHODOyJLFDGH$ULVWyWHOHV
HVWRHVWRGDVODVIRUPDVVLQWiFWLFDVHVWDEOHFLGDVSRUpOHQ'H,QWHUSUHWDWLRQHDGTXLHUHQFRQWHQLGRSRUOD
VLJQLILFDFLyQGHORVQRPEUHV\ORVYHUERVTXHVHKDOODQ\DHQHOVXMHWR\DHQHOSUHGLFDGRGHODV
SURSRVLFLRQHV\TXHHVWHFRQWHQLGRFRQVWLWX\HODPDWHULDGHODSURSRVLFLRQHV/RRULJLQDOHVHVWRDVDEHU
TXHODPDWHULDSXHGHVHUFRQWLQJHQWHQHFHVDULDRLPSRVLEOH1DGDPiV/DGRFWULQDHVFRQRFLGDSRU
SURSRVLFLyQDOODHSLK\OHVWLQRV(OHMHPSORGH$OHMDQGURHVHOVLJXLHQWH SHULSDWpWLFRV\SODWyQLFRV$SXOHLR$OHMDQGURGH$IURGLVLD6LULDQR\%RHFLR\$PRQLR+HUPLDVHO
QHRSODWyQLFR\FDEH]DGHODHVFXHODGHILORVRItDRFFLGHQWDOHQHOVLJOR9,G&HQ$OHMDQGUtDKDFHXQD
6LHVSURSLRGHOKRPEUHVHUFDSD]GHUHtUHQWRQFHVHOQRKRPEUHQRHVFDSD]GHUHtU
3RUHVWRHOFRPHQWDULRGH$OHMDQGURPXHVWUDTXHODOyJLFDDQWLJXDHVFRQVFLHQWHGHTXHH[LVWHQ
SURSRVLFLRQHVOyJLFDPHQWHYHUGDGHUDV\GHTXHHOODVVRQODVYiOLGDVHQWRGDPDWHULDVLJQLILFDWLYD(Q
HIHFWRHOORH[SOLFDSRUTXpVHH[SUHVDPRVWUDQGRODVWUHVGLIHUHQWHVPDWHULDVDFHSWDQGRTXHVLXQD
RC(OKRPEUHHVDODGR
RDYHFHVVHSUHGLFD\DYHFHVQRFRPR
SURSRVLFLyQHVYiOLGDFRQPDWHULDDFFLGHQWDO\\DHVYiOLGDFRQPDWHULDQHFHVDULD\FRQPDWHULDUHODWLYDD
 
GHVFULSFLyQGHHOOD 
(VWR\KDEODQGRDFHUFDGHODUHODFLyQVHJ~QODFXDOHOWpUPLQRSUHGLFDGRVLHPSUHVHSUHGLFDGHOWpUPLQR
VXMHWRFRPRFXDQGRGHFLPRVTXHHOVROVHPXHYHRTXHHOKRPEUHHVXQDQLPDORQXQFDVHSUHGLFDFRPR
FXDQGRGHFLPRVC(OVROHVWiTXLHWR
FXDQGRGHFLPRVTXH6yFUDWHVFDPLQDROHH$TXHOORVTXHVHSUHRFXSDQGHOWUDWDPLHQWRWpFQLFR
ORVJpQHURV\HVSHFLHVHQWRQFHVHVBSRUGHFLUORDVtBXQFDQRQRWHRUHPDGHODOyJLFDRVHDXQD WHFKQRORJtDGHHVWDVFRVDVOODPDQDHVWDUHODFLRQHVCODVPDWHULDVGHODVSURSRVLFLRQHV
\GLFHQTXHXQD

SURSRVLFLyQOyJLFDPHQWHYiOLGD  GHHOODVHVQHFHVDULDDQDJNDtDODRWUDLPSRVLEOHDG~QDWRV\ODWHUFHUDFRQWLQJHQWHHQGHNKRPpQH/D

UD]yQGHHVWRVQRPEUHVHVHYLGHQWHSHURHOORVGHFLGLHURQOODPDUDHVWDVUHODFLRQHVCPDWHULDV
SRUTXHVRQ
&RQILUPDHVWDQRFLyQGHYHUGDGOyJLFDHOH[DPHQTXH%RHFLRKDFHHQVXVWUDWDGRVVREUHHOVLORJLVPR \ORV YLVWDVMXQWRFRQODVFRVDVTXHVXE\DFHQKXSRNKHtPHQDDODVSURSRVLFLRQHV\QRVHREWLHQHQGHVGH
TXH$SXOHLRKL]RDQWHULRUPHQWHHQVX3HUL+HUPHQHLDVHOPiVDQWLJXRGHORVWUDWDGRVVREUHYLYLHQWHVVREUH QXHVWURSHQVDPLHQWRRSUHGLFDFLyQVLQRGHODPLVPDQDWXUDOH]DGHODVFRVDV
OyJLFD$SXOHLRVRVWLHQHTXHSDUDVDEHUVLKD\RQRQHFHVLGDGOyJLFDHQXQDFRQYHUVLyQGHEHPRVYHULILFDUHQ
FDGDSURSRVLFLyQFRQODD\XGDGHODVVLJQLILFDFLRQHVGHORVWpUPLQRVVLJQLILFDWLRQHVVLODYHUGDG\OD $PRQLRUHPLWHODGRFWULQDDXQRVFLHUWRVWHFKQRORJRLGHODOyJLFD\HOFRQWH[WRJHQHUDOGHVXFRPHQWDULRHV
IDOVHGDGVHPDQWLHQHQLGpQWLFDVXQDYH]TXHODSURSRVLFLyQHVFRQYHUWLGD$Vt$SXOHLROLVWDODV KDFHUXQDGLVWLQFLyQFRQODQRFLyQGHPRGRWURSRVGHODSURSRVLFLyQSRUFXDQWRpVWH\DVXSRQHXQD
VLJQLILFDFLRQHVSRUTXHFRPRGLFHpVWDVQRVRQLQQXPHUDEOHVLQQXPHUDHODSURSLHGDGHOJpQHUROD
GLIHUHQFLDODHVHQFLD\HODFFLGHQWH(VWRVSUHGLFDEOHVFRQWLHQHQ\DODGRFWULQDGHODPDWHULDGHOD
SURSRVLFLyQ
<HVSRUHVWRTXHSDUHFHFRUURERUDGDODWHVLVGHTXHODPDWHULDGHODSURSRVLFLyQHVWDEDHQHOSHQVDPLHQWR
GH$ULVWyWHOHVFRPRXQDVXQWRUHOHYDQWHSDUDHOGHVDUUROORGHVXOyJLFD\TXHSRUWDQWRWHQtDQUD]yQORV
DQWLJXRVFRPHQWDULVWDVFXDQGRODFLWDEDQFRPRSDUWHGHODVUHIOH[LRQHVTXHDFRPSDxDQDODFRQVWLWXFLyQGH
HVWDWHRUtDOyJLFDDQWLJXD<HVWRQRHVWRGRSRUTXHHQ&DWHJRUtDVED$ULVWyWHOHVHVWDEOHFHXQD
GLVWLQFLyQTXHFUHRHVIXQGDPHQWDOQRVRORSDUDHQWHQGHUVXOyJLFDVLQRVXPLVPDILORVRItD'LFHDOOtTXHKD\
WLHQHXQDH[SOLFDFLyQQRVROR
TXHUHFRQRFHUGRVWLSRVGHSUHGLFDGRVSDUDXQVXMHWRFXDOTXLHUDHQDFXHUGRFRQGRVWLSRVGHFRQWUDULRV
TXHDIHFWDQDODVXVWDQFLDSULPHUD<H[SOLFDTXHHOSUHGLFDGRCSDU
VHGLFHGHOQ~PHURGHXQPRGR QHFHVDULD
HVHQFLDOSRUTXHHQWUHSDU\VXFRQWUDULRLPSDUQRKD\HVWDGRLQWHUPHGLRFRPRFRQVHFXHQFLDGHORFXDOHO
WpUPLQRSULYDWLYRCLPSDU
SURSRVLFLyQIRUPDGDFRQDOJXQDPDWHULD(OSDVDMHGH$PRQLRDFODUDPX\ELHQTXHWRGDVODVSURSRVLFLRQHV
GHODOyJLFDGH$ULVWyWHOHVWLHQHQXQDPDWHULDDSRUWDGDSRUODVFRVDVTXHVXE\DFHQDODVSURSRVLFLRQHV\
TXHQRHVVXILFLHQWHSDUDTXHVHFRQVWLWX\DXQDH[SUHVLyQGLJQDGHYHUGDGRIDOVHGDGOyJLFDTXHVH
SUHGLTXHBGHVGHQXHVWURVRORSHQVDPLHQWRRSUHGLFDFLyQRLHVLVWHNDLNDWHJRUtDBXQSUHGLFDGRGHXQ
VXMHWR(VQHFHVDULRTXHODSURSRVLFLyQWHQJDDOJ~QFRQWHQLGR\DOJ~QVLJQLILFDGRTXHSXHGDVHUFDSD]GH
SUREDUDOJRFRPRUHFXHUGD$OHMDQGURGH$IURGLVLDHQXQSDVDMHGHVXFRPHQWDULRDORV7ySLFRV3RUOD
PLVPDUD]yQORVFRPHQWDULVWDVDQWLJXRVFXDQGRHQIUHQWDQODHQVHxDQ]DGHXQDRSHUDFLyQOyJLFDGRQGHOD
IRUPDGHODH[SUHVLyQHVLPSRUWDQWHH[SOLFDQODRSHUDFLyQOyJLFDEDMRODVWUHVPDWHULDVHQFXHVWLyQ$Vt
SRUHMHPSORHQ%RHFLR\$PRQLRHODVtOODPDGRCFXDGUDGRGHODVRSRVLFLRQHV
SDUDSURSRVLFLRQHVFRQPDWHULDDFFLGHQWDOVLQRTXHWDPELpQSDUDDTXHOODVFRQPDWHULDLPSRVLEOH\
VLJQLILFDORPLVPRTXHHOWpUPLQRLQGHILQLGRCQRSDU
KDFLHQGRTXHODV 4XLVLHUDUHFRUGDUHQHVWHPRPHQWRTXHODGRFWULQDGHODPDWHULDGHODSURSRVLFLyQQRHVGHOWRGR
SURSRVLFLRQHVCHOHVXQQ~PHURSDU
\CHOQRHVXQQ~PHURLPSDU
VHDQHTXLYDOHQWHV\WDPELpQODV GHVFRQRFLGDSRUORVOyJLFRVPHGLHYDOHVDXQTXHSXHGHKDEHUSDUHFLGRXQDPDQHUDEL]DUUDGHHQWHQGHUOD
SURSRVLFLRQHVCHOHVLPSDU
\CHOHVQRSDU
/RPLVPRVHDSOLFDUtDVRVWLHQH$ULVWyWHOHVUHVSHFWRGH OyJLFDSDUDDTXHOORVTXHLQVLVWtDQHQLQWHUSUHWDUODGHPDQHUDIRUPDOLVWD\GHPDVLDGRRVFXUDSDUDVHURULJHQ
VDQR\HQIHUPR\HOFXHUSRDQLPDOFRPRVXMHWR 
GHODOyJLFDIRUPDO 3RUHVRHVWR\GHDFXHUGRFRQ/XNDVLHZLF]HQTXHODOyJLFDGH$ULVWyWHOHVHVIRUPDOVLQ
VHUIRUPDOLVWD3HURODVUD]RQHVTXH/XNDVLHZLF]GDQRVRQODVTXH\RVRVWHQJR<RGLJRTXHODOyJLFDGH
&RQWRGRQRHVORPLVPRVLHOSUHGLFDGRHVDFFLGHQWDODOVXMHWRSRUHMHPSOREXHQR\PDORGLFKRVGHO $ULVWyWHOHVHVIRUPDOSRUTXH$ULVWyWHOHVUHODFLRQDVXOyJLFDFRQODPDWHULDDFFLGHQWDOGHODSURSRVLFLyQ\
KRPEUHRMXVWRHLQMXVWRSXHVQLQJ~QKRPEUHWLHQHODERQGDGRVXFRQWUDULRODPDOGDGGHPRGR GLJRTXHQRHVIRUPDOLVWDSRUTXH$ULVWyWHOHVQRYDFtDGHFRQWHQLGRDODVSURSRVLFLRQHVGHVXOyJLFDSRUTXH
QHFHVDULR/RPLVPRUHVSHFWRGHMXVWRHLQMXVWR<SXHVWRTXHVRQFRQWUDULRVDFFLGHQWDOHVVRVWLHQH WLHQHQHQHIHFWRPDWHULDDFFLGHQWDO(QFDPELRHOOyJLFRSRODFRGLFHTXHODOyJLFDGH$ULVWyWHOHVHVIRUPDO
$ULVWyWHOHVHQWRQFHVORVHIHFWRVVRQGLDPHWUDOPHQWHRSXHVWRVDORVYLVWRVDUULED\DTXHLQMXVWRQRVHUiOR SRUTXHVXVH[SUHVLRQHVPDQLILHVWDQWRWDODXVHQFLDGHFRQWHQLGRSHURQRHVIRUPDOLVWDSRUTXHVXOHQJXDMH
PLVPRTXHQRMXVWR\HQWUHMXVWRHLQMXVWRVtKD\HVWDGRVLQWHUPHGLRVWDOFRPRHQWUHEODQFR\QHJURTXH QRHVSHUIHFWDPHQWHGHILQLGRIRUPDOL]DGR\VHJXURGHRSHUDUVLQWiFWLFDPHQWH2VHDSRGHPRVDJUHJDUQR
GHVSOLHJDQXQDJDPDGHFRORUHVLQWHUPHGLRV'HHVWHPRGRFCXQKRPEUHHVLQMXVWR
QRVLJQLILFDOR FXPSOHFRQODFRQGLFLyQOHLEQL]LDQDGHFDHFDUDWLR3RUHOORGLFH/XNDVLHZLF]VRORODOyJLFDGHORVHVWRLFRV\
PLVPRTXHGCXQKRPEUHHVQRMXVWR
QLWDPSRFRORPLVPRTXHHCXQKRPEUHQRHVMXVWR
VLQRTXHVH
ODOyJLFDPRGHUQDVRQIRUPDOLVWDV1RUHFKD]RHVWH~OWLPRDVSHFWRGHODRSLQLyQGH/XNDVLHZLF]UHVSHFWR
RUGHQDUtDQHVWDVSURSRVLFLRQHVB\DTXtKD\GLIHUHQFLDVHQWUHORVFRPHQWDULVWDVDQWLJXRVPHGLHYDOHV\
GHSRUTXpQRHVIRUPDOLVWDODOyJLFDGH$ULVWyWHOHVHVVRORTXHPLFRQFHSWRGHIRUPDOHVRWURVHWUDWDGH
PRGHUQRVUHVSHFWRDFyPRVHGDHVWHRUGHQBGHODVLJXLHQWHPDQHUDHVHVLJXHGHG\GVHVLJXH
TXHODVH[SUHVLRQHVGLJDPRVODVSURSRVLFLRQHV\ORVVLORJLVPRVSDUDVHUOyJLFDVQRUHTXLHUHQVHU
GHFSRUWDQWRHVHVLJXHWDPELpQGHF'LFHDVtHQHIHFWR$ULVWyWHOHV
DEVROXWDPHQWHYDFtDVGHFRQWHQLGRVLJQLILFDWLYRVLQRTXHGHEHQPDQWHQHUXQDPDWHULDRFRQWHQLGR
6LORVFRQWUDULRVVRQWDOHVTXHHVQHFHVDULRSDUDXQRRHORWURGHHOORVSHUWHQHFHUDODVFRVDVGRQGHHOORV DFFLGHQWDOB\HVWRDPLPDQHUDGHYHUSHUPLWHTXHWHQJDQWRGDVSUHVXSRVLFLyQH[LVWHQFLDO$KRUDELHQVL
XQDSURSRVLFLyQHVFLHQWtILFDSRUHMHPSORC7RGRWULiQJXORUHFWiQJXORHVFLUFXQVFULWRHQXQVHPLFtUFXOR

QDWXUDOPHQWHRFXUUHQRVRQSUHGLFDGRVQRKD\QDGDLQWHUPHGLRHQWUHHOORV3RUHMHPSORHQIHUPHGDG\
HQWRQFHVVXPDWHULDHVQHFHVDULDQRVLPSOHPHQWHDFFLGHQWDOSXHVODLQFOXVLyQGHODGHILQLFLyQGHO
VDOXGRFXUUHQQDWXUDOPHQWHHQORVFXHUSRVGHORVDQLPDOHV\HVSRUWDQWRQHFHVDULRSDUDXQRRHORWUR
SUHGLFDGRHQHOVXMHWRHVQHFHVDULD3HURHQHVWHFDVRODSURSRVLFLyQHVVHPiQWLFDPHQWHYHUGDGHUD\HO
SHUWHQHFHUDXQFXHUSRDQLPDO\DVHDODVDOXGRODHQIHUPHGDGLJXDOPHQWHORSDU\ORLPSDUVRQ
VLORJLVPRTXHGHPXHVWUDHVWDYHUGDGDSDUWLUGHSUHPLVDVYHUGDGHUDVHVFLHQWtILFRDXQFXDQGRHO
SUHGLFDGRVGHORVQ~PHURV\HVFLHUWDPHQWHQHFHVDULRSDUDXQRRSDUDHORWURSHUWHQHFHUDXQQ~PHUR\D
PHFDQLVPRGHGHPRVWUDFLyQVHDOyJLFR\HVFODURTXHORHV\DTXHODPLVPDIRUPDVLORJtVWLFDGHPXHVWUD
VHDORSDURORLPSDU<HQWUHHVWRVQRKD\QDGDLQWHUPHGLRBHQWUHVDOXG\HQIHUPHGDGRSDUHLPSDU3HUR
XQVLORJLVPRTXHQRFRQFOX\HHQXQDSURSRVLFLyQQHFHVDULDPHQWHYHUGDGHUD<HVDVtSRUTXHODV
VLQRHVQHFHVDULRSDUDXQRRHORWURSHUWHQHFHUQRKD\XQHVWDGRLQWHUPHGLRHQWUHHOORV3RUHMHPSOR
LQIHUHQFLDV\VLORJLVPRVOyJLFRVVRQFRUUHFWRVSRUODIRUPDOyJLFD\YHUGDGHURVSRUODPDWHULD7yPHVH
QHJUR\EODQFRRFXUUHQQDWXUDOPHQWHHQORVFXHUSRVSHURQRHVQHFHVDULRSDUDXQRRHORWURSHUWHQHFHUD
C7RGRVORVKRPEUHVVRQPDPtIHURV7RGRVORVJULHJRVVRQKRPEUHV/XHJRWRGRVORVJULHJRVVRQ
XQFXHUSR\DTXHQRWRGRFXHUSRHVRELHQEODQFRRELHQQHJUR,JXDOPHQWHPDOR\EXHQRVRQ

http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?pid=S0718-43602006000100009&script=sci_arttext 11/05/2010 http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?pid=S0718-43602006000100009&script=sci_arttext 11/05/2010

Revista de filosofía - La actualidad de la lógica de Aristóteles Página 5 de 9 Revista de filosofía - La actualidad de la lógica de Aristóteles Página 6 de 9

PDPtIHURV
(VWHHVXQ%DUEDUDOyJLFDPHQWHKDEODQGRSHURWDPELpQHVXQVLORJLVPRFLHQWtILFRSRUTXH DOFDQ]D\ODOyJLFDVHPXHVWUDFRPRXQDSRGHURVDYLVLyQDQWHODFULWLFDGDPHWDItVLFDHVSHFXODWLYD<
BEDMRXQDVSHFWRBVLODVSUHPLVDVVRQQHFHVDULDPHQWHYHUGDGHUDVVHJ~QODFLHQFLDGH$ULVWyWHOHV WDPELpQ4XLQHDVXIRUPDSDUDHYLWDUHOHVFHSWLFLVPRLQWHQWDORPLVPR1RREVWDQWHQRSXHGH
HQWRQFHVODFRQFOXVLyQHVQHFHVDULDPHQWHYHUGDGHUDGHVGHOXHJRHVWDPELpQBEDMRHORWURDVSHFWRBXQ GHVFRQRFHUVHTXHODOyJLFDGH$ULVWyWHOHVGHMDDELHUWDODSRVLELOLGDGGHIRUPDOL]DUODQHJDFLyQGHODV
VLORJLVPROyJLFR\DTXHHVODGHPRVWUDFLyQGHTXHODYHUGDGGHODFRQFOXVLyQHVFRUUHFWDPHQWHGHGXFLGDVL VXEFRQWUDULDVGRQGHC$OJXLHQHVVDELR
\C$OJXLHQQRHVVDELR
VRQFRQVLVWHQWHV7DPELpQGHODV
ODVSUHPLVDVORVRQGHDFXHUGRFRQFLHUWDVUHJODV\SULQFLSLRV3RUHVRGLFH$ULVWyWHOHVTXHWRGD FRQWUDULDVGRQGHWRGRVHGDELHQVDOYRTXHC1LQJ~QKRPEUHHVMXVWR
QRVHVLJXHGHODIDOVHGDGGHC7RGR
GHPRVWUDFLyQHVXQVLORJLVPRSHURQRYLFHYHUVDSXHVSDUDpOWRGRDUJXPHQWRYHUGDGHURHVFRUUHFWRSHUR KRPEUHHVMXVWR
QLYLFHYHUVD
WRGRDUJXPHQWRFRUUHFWRQRQHFHVDULDPHQWHHVYHUGDGHUR
(QHOSHQVDPLHQWRGH$ULVWyWHOHVXQ%DUEDUDFLHQWtILFRFRQWLHQHODVWUHVPDWHULDVODQHFHVDULDHVODFRVD
(QWRQFHVRFXUUHTXHVXWHRUtDOyJLFDGHODGHPRVWUDFLyQEDVDGDHQHOVLORJLVPRHVODOyJLFDTXHVXE\DFHD \VXFDXVDCHOKRPEUHHVDQLPDO
ODLPSRVLEOHHVODQHJDFLyQGHOSUHGLFDGRQHFHVDULRCHOKRPEUHHVQR
VXLGHDGHFLHQFLDGHPRVWUDWLYD$OJRSXHGHSDUHFHUQRVPX\YHUGDGHURSHURBDQRVHUTXHVHDFDSWDGR DQLPDO
\ODFRQWLQJHQWHHVODSRVLEOHODTXHVHVXSRQHHQODGLDOpFWLFDSRUTXHDTXtQRVHVDEHHQXQ
FRPRQHFHVDULDPHQWHYHUGDGHURSRUQyHVLVBQRVHUiFLHQWtILFDPHQWHYHUGDGHURRVHDGHPRVWUDWLYDPHQWH VHQWLGRFLHQWtILFR8QDSURSRVLFLyQJHRPpWULFDHVXQDSURSRVLFLyQGHODOyJLFDRPHMRUGHOD$QDO\WLFDTXH
YHUGDGHUR SULPHURYHORYHUGDGHUR\OXHJRORGHPXHVWUD\GHPXHVWUDRWUDVSURSRVLFLRQHVTXHVHVLJXHQ<HVWR
RFXUUHGHODPLVPDPDQHUDFRPRVHJ~Q-&RUFRUDQ$&KXUFKORSUHVHQWDODFLHQFLDD[LRPiWLFDGHOD
(VWDFRQFOXVLyQ\DKDEtDVLGRDGHODQWDGDHQRWURVWpUPLQRVSRU-&RUFRUDQHQVXDUWtFXOR$ULVWRWOH
V JHRPHWUtDVHVLJXHGHODOyJLFDGHSULPHURUGHQWDOFRPRHOVLORJLVPRFLHQWtILFRGH$ULVWyWHOHVVHVLJXHGHO

1DWXUDO'HGXFWLRQ6\VWHP  
VLORJLVPROyJLFR $TXtODOyJLFDGHSULPHURUGHQHVODOyJLFDVXSXHVWDXQGHUO\LQJGHODD[LRPiWLFD
JHRPpWULFDWDOFRPRHOVLORJLVPROyJLFRHVXQVXSXHVWRHQHOVLORJLVPRFLHQWtILFRRGHPRVWUDWLYR8Q
7KH$QDO\WLFVDVDZKROHIRUPVDWUHDWLVHRQVFLHQWLILFNQRZOHGJHDE2Q$ULVWRWOH
VYLHZ
VLORJLVPRSDUDVHUOyJLFRWLHQHTXHPLUDUKDFLDVXVUHJODVGHLQIHUHQFLDQRKDFLDODPDWHULDGHTXHVH
HYHU\LWHPRIVFLHQWLILFNQRZOHGJHLVHLWKHUNQRZQLQLWVHOIE\H[SHULHQFHRUVRPHRWKHUQRQGHGXFWLYH
WUDWDDXQTXHORTXHHVWpYDOLGDQGRFRPRFRUUHFWRVHDFLHQWtILFDPHQWHYHUGDGHUR/DVSURSRVLFLRQHVGHOD
PHWKRGRUHOVHGHGXFHGIURPLWHPVNQRZQLQWKHPVHOYHV3RVWHULRU$QDO\WLFVSDVVLPHVS,,7KH
PDWHPiWLFD\GHODItVLFDVLVRQYHUGDGHUDVRIDOVDVHVGHFLUFRQPDWHULDQHFHVDULDRLPSRVLEOHVRQ
3RVWHULRU$QDO\WLFVGHDOVZLWKWKHDFTXLVLWLRQDQGGHGXFWLYHRUJDQL]DWLRQRIVFLHQWLILFNQRZOHGJH,WLVWKH
OyJLFDVVLVHPLUDDODVUHJODVGHOVLORJLVPRRVHDVLVHTXLHUHGHPRVWUDUODVSHURQRYDQDVHUYHUGDGHUDV
HDUOLHVWJHQHUDOWUHDWLVHRQWKHD[LRPDWLFPHWKRGLQVFLHQFHV7KH3ULRU$QDO\WLFVRQWKHRWKHUKDQG
VLQGHPRVWUDFLyQDPHQRVTXHVHDQSULPHURVSULQFLSLRVLQGHPRVWUDEOHV
GHYHORSVWKHXQGHUO\LQJORJLFXVHGLQWKHLQIHUHQFHRIGHGXFWLYHO\NQRZQVFLHQWLILFSURSRVLWLRQVIURPWKRVH
NQRZQLQWKHPVHOYHVEXWWKHORJLFRIWKH3ULRU$QDO\WLFVLVQRWGHVLJQHGVROHO\IRUVXFKXVHFIHJE
127$6
.QHDOHDQG.QHDOHS

6XSRQJDPRVTXHODFRQFOXVLyQGHXQVLORJLVPRGHPRVWUDWLYRRFLHQWtILFRHVTXHHOWULiQJXORUHFWiQJXORHV $XQTXHKD\RWUDVFXHVWLRQHVTXHVRQDQWHULRUHVDpVWDVBGHVGHOXHJRTXpHVODOyJLFDGH$ULVWyWHOHVBODV
XQDILJXUDFHUUDGDGHWUHVODGRV6XMXVWLILFDFLyQHVSRUTXHWRGRWULiQJXORHVXQDILJXUDFHUUDGDGHWUHV LJQRUDUpSRUDKRUDDXQTXHHVSHFLILFDQGRTXHFLUFXQVFULERODOyJLFDGHHVWHILOyVRIRDQWLJXRDORTXHHVWi
ODGRV(VWDFRQFOXVLyQHVYHUGDGHUDSRUODPDWHULDQHFHVDULDGHQRWDGDSRUODVSURSRVLFLRQHV\OD FRQWHQLGRHQVXVREUDVOyJLFDV
FRQFOXVLyQHVFRUUHFWDSRUTXHHOVLORJLVPRTXHORGHPXHVWUDHVFRUUHFWROyJLFDPHQWH/R~QLFRTXHVH 
UHTXLHUHHVTXHHVWDFRQFOXVLyQDSDUWHGHVHUVHPiQWLFDPHQWHYHUGDGHUDGHVGHORVSULQFLSLRVVHD <XQRGHHOORVFKLOHQRHOSURI5RODQGR&KXDTXLFX\DLQIOXHQFLDHQHOPHGLRGHODVFLHQFLDV
GHPRVWUDGDSRUPHGLRGHXQVLORJLVPRTXHVHDFRUUHFWROyJLFDPHQWH\SDUDHOORHVWiODOyJLFDVXSXHVWDGH IRUPDOHVFKLOHQDVVLJXHYLJHQWH
ORV$QDOtWLFRV3ULPHURVTXHHQVHxDTXpHVXQDGHPRVWUDFLyQOyJLFDRXQDWHRUtDGHODGHGXFFLyQ8QD 
FRQFOXVLyQSXHVSXHGHVHUQHFHVDULDPHQWHYHUGDGHUD\SRUHOORVXPDWHULDVHUiQHFHVDULDBSHURQRSRU 3RUHMHPSOR-%DUQHVHQVXFRPHQWDULRD$QDOtWLFRV3RVWHULRUHVD&I%DUQHVS
HOORSHUWHQHFHUiDODFLHQFLD6LQHPEDUJRVLODYDOLGDFLyQOyJLFDTXHQRUHSDUDHQVXPDWHULD\TXHQRHV 
DVXQWRGHOFLHQWtILFRTXDFLHQWtILFRORJUDVXFRUUHFFLyQGHPRVWUDWLYDRVLORJtVWLFDHQWRQFHVVtIRUPDUiSDUWH 7RPRHOVLJQRCӃ[
FRPRHOFXDQWLILFDGRUH[LVWHQFLDOC([LVWHXQ[
GRQGHC[
HVXQDYDULDEOHGHOXQLYHUVR
GHOFRUSXVGHPRQVWUDWLYXP1RKD\FyPRVRVOD\DUODSDUWHOyJLFDGHVXWHRUtDGHODFLHQFLDDPHQRVBFODUR SUHGHILQLGR/RVVLJQRVCA
\C¤
VLJQLILFDQODFRQMXQFLyQ\ODQHJDFLyQUHVSHFWLYDPHQWH
HVWiBTXHQRVHWUDWHGHXQDFRQFOXVLyQVLQRGHXQSULQFLSLRLQGHPRVWUDEOHGHVGHGRQGHVHRULJLQDHO 
GHVDUUROORGHGXFWLYRGHWRGDFLHQFLDSXHVGHORVSULPHURVSULQFLSLRVQRKD\GHPRVWUDFLyQVLQRLQWXLFLyQ (VWDHVHQHIHFWRODRSLQLyQGHWRGRVORVFRPHQWDULVWDVDQWLJXRVTXLHQHVH[WUDHQHVWDFRQVHFXHQFLDGH
'H,QWHUSUHWDWLRQHE
3HUR\RDSXQWDEDPiVOHMRVFXDQGRPHQFLRQDEDODDFWXDOLGDGGHODOyJLFDGH$ULVWyWHOHV3ULPHURTXHOD 
OyJLFDGH$ULVWyWHOHVFRQWLHQHWRGDVODVFRQFOXVLRQHVGH)2/FXDQGRVHWUDWDGHSUHGLFDGRVXQDULRVR +D\TXHQRWDUWDPELpQTXH$ULVWyWHOHVHQ'H,QWHUSUHWDWLRQHEVRVWLHQHODPLVPDGRFWULQDHVWD
PRQiGLFRV6HJXQGRTXHODOyJLFDPDWHPiWLFDQRUHFRJHFRPSOHWDPHQWHODOyJLFDGH$ULVWyWHOHVWDOFRPR YH]FRQHOHMHPSORGHTXHVHUPDORVXSRQHVHUQREXHQRSHURQRYLFHYHUVD
DOJXQRVFRQWHPSRUiQHRVGH%RROHORUHFRQRFtDQHVSHFLDOPHQWH'H0RUJDQSXHVWRTXHODVVXWLOH]DVGHOD 
QHJDFLyQGHODOyJLFDGH$ULVWyWHOHVQRSXHGHQVHUFDSWXUDGDVSRUODQXHYDOyJLFD<HVTXHODSURSRVLFLyQ &RUUHLDSS
WtSLFDGH$ULVWyWHOHVSDUDOD$ 7RGRKRPEUHHVEODQFRSDVDQWKURSRVOHXNRVHVWLQ'H,QWDVH 
WUDQVIRUPDHQ%RROHHQC1RH[LVWHDOJRTXHVHDXQKRPEUH\TXHQRVHDEODQFR
HVGHFLUHQXQD &RUUHLDSS
SURSRVLFLyQVLQLPSRUWHH[LVWHQFLDO\TXHUHJLVWUDVRORODVXERUGLQDFLyQWRWDOGHGRVFODVHV7DPELpQSDVDOR 
PLVPRFRQC1LQJ~QKRPEUHHVEODQFR
SDUDODOyJLFDPDWHPiWLFDHVC1RH[LVWHDOJRTXHVHDXQKRPEUH\ &RUUHLDSS
TXHVHDEODQFR
<HVSRUHVWDUD]yQTXHODOyJLFDPDWHPiWLFDQRSXHGHDWUDSDUHOYDORUVHPiQWLFRGHODV 
LQIHUHQFLDVHQWUHXQLYHUVDOHVFRQWUDULDV$\(\HQWUHVXEFRQWUDULDV,\2GHODOyJLFDGH$ULVWyWHOHV\ &I$OHMDQGURGH$IURGLVLDLQ7RSS
VRORVHSUHVHUYDODYHUGDGGHODVFRQWUDGLFWRULDV$\2(H, 
&RUUHLDS1RHVWiGHPiVDJUHJDUTXHORVFRPHQWDULRVPHGLHYDOHVHQWUDQHQXQD
&RPRUHVXOWDGRVHYHTXHODOyJLFDPDWHPiWLFDSDUDH[SUHVDUVXJUDQGH]DQRGHEHPRVWUDUTXHODOyJLFD VXHUWHGHDSRUtDUHVSHFWRGHVLODFRQWUDSRVLFLyQHVXQDOH\OyJLFDYiOLGDSDUDWRGRVORVWLSRVGH
GH$ULVWyWHOHVQRSXHGHH[SUHVDUSUHGLFDGRVELQDULRV\GHH[SRQHQWHVXSHULRUVLQRTXHGHEHKDFHUVHFDUJR
GHODOyJLFDGH$ULVWyWHOHVHQVXWRWDOLGDGQRUHGXFLpQGRODDODVRODQHJDFLyQSRUFRQWUDGLFFLyQVLQR
LQWHJUDUODQHJDFLyQSRUFRQWUDULHGDG\VXEFRQWUDULHGDG'HRWURPRGRQRHVPiVTXHXQDUHGXFFLyQOD
PLVPDTXH%RROH\GH0RUJDQVDEtDQTXHHVWDEDQKDFLHQGR(OOyJLFRDULVWRWpOLFRSXHGHDOHJDUKR\FRQ
WRGDYHUGDGTXHODOyJLFDPDWHPiWLFDKDKHFKRDYDQ]DUODOyJLFDROYLGDQGRODOyJLFDGH$ULVWyWHOHV
SURSRVLFLRQHVFDWHJyULFDV$(,2\KD\LQFOXVRDOJXQRVFRPHQWDULVWDVPRGHUQRVTXHQRWLHQHQFODULGDG
VREUHHVWRVLELHQ$ULVWyWHOHV\$OHMDQGURODDSOLFDQVRORDODXQLYHUVDODILUPDWLYDHVGHFLUDODVGHWLSR$
\SRUWDQWRQR\HUUDQUHVSHFWRGHODFRQWUDSRVLFLyQHQ7ySLFRV\DVHDTXHDTXt$ULVWyWHOHVLQWHQWHGHFLU
DOJRUHOHYDQWHSDUDODOyJLFD\DVHDTXHQR

(J,QWURGXFWLRDGV\OORJLVPRVFDWHJRULFRV ,6&'DQGII$OVRLQ,QWS
5HWRPHPRVODVSUHJXQWDVGHOLQLFLR&UHRKDEHUGDGRIXQGDPHQWRFLHUWRSDUDGHPRVWUDUTXHODOyJLFDGH 
$ULVWyWHOHVQRHVXQDPHUDSDUWHGHODOyJLFDPDWHPiWLFDDXQTXHODYDULDFLyQFRPELQDWRULDGHOQ~PHURGH (Q3HUL+HUPHQHLDV9,S
ORVH[SRQHQWHVSUHGLFDWLYRVWHRUtDFRQWHPSODGDSRU*/HLEQL]\TXHQRHVWiGHOWRGRDXVHQWHHQODOyJLFD 

DQWLJXD HVVXSHULRUHQVXFiOFXOR\SXHGHSODQWHDUVHSUREOHPDVPiVJHQHUDOHVTXHODGH$ULVWyWHOHVTXH 9HU&DYLQLSS\VV
VHUHGXFHDODSURSRVLFLyQPtQLPDRXQLWDULD\DOSUHGLFDGRXQLWDULRC6yFUDWHVHVMXVWR
\RWUDV 
 %RHFLRLQ,QWS 0HLVHU
SURSRVLFLRQHVFRQPDWHULDVLJQLILFDWLYDVRQHOLQLFLRQDWXUDOGHODOyJLFD *)UHJHKDFHORTXH/HLEQL]QR

http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?pid=S0718-43602006000100009&script=sci_arttext 11/05/2010 http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?pid=S0718-43602006000100009&script=sci_arttext 11/05/2010

Revista de filosofía - La actualidad de la lógica de Aristóteles Página 7 de 9 Revista de filosofía - La actualidad de la lógica de Aristóteles Página 8 de 9

 
%RHFLRLQ,QWS 0HLVHU &RQHVWRMXVWLILFRSRUTXpGLMHSSTXHORVHMHPSORVGH$ULVWyWHOHVHQORV$QDOtWLFRV
3ULPHURVQRUPDOPHQWHVRQGHPDWHULDFRQWLQJHQWHRDFFLGHQWDO<HVTXHDYHFHV$ULVWyWHOHVSURSRQH

%RHFLR,QWURGXFWLRDGV\OORJLVPRVFDWHJRULFRV'\VV3/YROLL -30LJQH(VWHWH[WR HMHPSORVGHGLDOpFWLFDFLHQWtILFDGHPDWHULDTXHSDUHFHVHUYHUGDGHUDPLHQWUDVTXHHQORV$QDOtWLFRV
%&TXHQRYR\DRFXSDUDTXtGDXQDSUXHEDVRUSUHQGHQWHPHQWHFODUDGHODLPSRUWDQFLDGHOD 3RVWHULRUHVORVHMHPSORVVHVXSRQHTXHWLHQHQTXHVHUYHUGDGHURV
PDWHULDGHODSURSRVLFLyQSDUDHQWHQGHUODOyJLFDGH$ULVWyWHOHV%RHFLRVLJXLHQGRD7HRIUDVWR\(XGHPR\

WDPELpQD3RUILULRGHWHUPLQDODYDOLGH]GHODFRQYHUVLyQ\ODFRQWUDSRVLFLyQHQUD]yQGHODPDWHULD (VGHFLUXQVLORJLVPRDVHUWyULFRGHODSULPHUDILJXUDVLORJtVWLFDFRPSXHVWRSRUGRVSUHPLVDVXQLYHUVDOHV
LPSRVLEOHQHFHVDULD\FRQWLQJHQWH+DEODHQWRQFHVGHYDOLGH]XQLYHUVDOFXDQGRVHDSOLFDHQWRGRVORV DILUPDWLYDV\XQDFRQFOXVLyQWDPELpQXQLYHUVDODILUPDWLYD
FDVRV\YDOLGH]JHQHUDOFXDQGRVHDSOLFDDORVPiVGHORVFDVRV+D\FRQYHUVLRQHVTXHQRVRQYiOLGDVHQ

WRGRVORVFDVRVSHURVtHQDOJXQRVGHSHQGLHQGRGHODPDWHULDVXSXHVWDGHODSURSRVLFLyQ3RUHMHPSOR &KXUFK&I&RUFRUDQS
GLFH%RHFLRODSDUWLFXODUQHJDWLYDTXHQRVHFRQYLHUWHWDOFRPRGLFH$ULVWyWHOHVHQ$QDOtWLFRV3ULPHURV,
QRSXHGHFRQYHUWLUVHVLODPDWHULDHVLPSRVLEOHCDOJ~QKRPEUHQRHVSLHGUD
HVYHUGDGHUD\CDOJXQD 5HIHUHQFLDVELEOLRJUiILFDV
SLHGUDQRHVKRPEUH
HVYHUGDGHUDWDPELpQ
%DUQHV-$ULVWRWOH3RVWHULRU$QDO\WLFVWUDQVODWHGZLWKDFRPPHQWDU\E\-RKQDWDQ%DUQHV6HFRQG
 (G2[IRUG2[IRUGDW&ODUHQGRQ3UHVV>/LQNV@
$PRQLRLQ,QWS %XVVH

$OHMDQGURLQ7RS :DOOLHV %RROH*7KH0DWKHPDWLFDO$QDO\VLVRI/RJLF&DPEULGJH>/LQNV@

 %RHFLR3/'H6\OORJLVPLV&DWHJRULFLVLQ3DWURORJLD/DWLQDYROHG-30LJQH3DULV

/DGRFWULQDGHODPDWHULDWDPSRFRHVWRWDOPHQWHGHVFRQRFLGDHQODKLVWRULDGHODOyJLFDPRGHUQD'H
>/LQNV@
KHFKRUHDSDUHFHHQHOOLEURGHOyJLFDGH-0DULWDLQHQODGLVFXVLyQVREUHODYDOLGH]GHORV
VLORJLVPRVHLQIHUHQFLDVTXHWLHQHQDQWHFHGHQWHVXQLYHUVDOHV\FRQVHFXHQWHVSDUWLFXODUHVSS %XVVH$HG$PPRQLL,Q$ULVWRWHOLV'H,QWHUSUHWDWLRQH&RPPHQWDULXVLQ&RPPHQWDULDLQ
GLVFXVLyQTXHVXSRQHODFXHVWLyQGHODSUHVXSRVLFLyQH[LVWHQFLDO\TXHFXOPLQDFRQXQDGHIHQVDGH0DULWDLQ $ULVWRWHOHP*UDHFDYROLY%HUOLQ>/DDEUHYLDFLyQXVDGDSDUDHVWDREUDHVLQ,QW@>/LQNV@
GHTXHODOyJLFD\ODOyJLFDFRQWHPSRUiQHDORTXHpOOODPDORJtVWLFDVRQHVHQFLDOPHQWHGLIHUHQWHVS
<RQRHVWR\GHDFXHUGRFRQHVWHUHVXOWDGRREYLDPHQWHVLQRBDOFRQWUDULRBFRQODXQLGDGGHDPEDVD &DYLQL:/D1HJD]LRQHGL)UDVHQHOOD/RJLFD*UHFDLQ6WXGLVX3DSLUL*UHFLGL/RJLFDH0HGLFLQD
SHVDUGHVXVGLIHUHQFLDV $FFDGHPLD7RVFDQDGL6FLHQ]HH/HWWHUH/D&RORPEDULD)LUHQ]H>/LQNV@

/XNDVLHZLF]KDSURSXHVWRFRQVLGHUDUDODOyJLFDGH$ULVWyWHOHVFRPRXQDOyJLFDIRUPDOSHURQR &KXUFK$,QWURGXFWLRQWR0DWKHPDWLFDO/RJLF3ULQFHWRQ3ULQFHWRQ8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV>/LQNV@
IRUPDOLVWDVREUHODEDVHGHTXHODGHOHVWDJLULWDWHQGUtDXQDH[SUHVLyQPHQRVH[DFWDTXHODOyJLFD
IRUPDOLVWDTXHpOLGHQWLILFDFRQODOyJLFDGHORVHVWRLFRV\VREUHWRGRFRQODOyJLFDFRQWHPSRUiQHD &RUFRUDQ-$ULVWRWOH
V1DWXUDO'HGXFWLRQ6\VWHPHQ&RUFRUDQHG$QFLHQW/RJLFDQGLWV
$UJXPHQWDFUHRFRUUHFWDPHQWHTXHODOyJLFDGH$ULVWyWHOHVFDUHFHGHH[DFWLWXGHQVXSUHVHQWDFLyQ 0RGHUQ,QWHUSUHWDWLRQ'RUGUHFKW%RVWRQ'5HLGHO3XEOLVKLQJ&RPSDQ\>/LQNV@
PLHQWUDVTXHHOIRUPDOLVPRUHTXLHUHTXHHOPLVPRSHQVDPLHQWRVHDH[SUHVDGRVLHPSUHSRUPHGLRGH
H[DFWDPHQWHODPLVPDVHULHGHSDODEUDV\RUGHQDGDVH[DFWDPHQWHGHODPLVPDPDQHUDS'HHVWH &RUUHLD0¢+D\HTXLYDOHQFLDVHQODOyJLFDGH$ULVWyWHOHV"HQ6HPLQDULRVGH)LORVRItDYROV
PRGRFXDQGRXQDSUXHEDHVFRQVWUXLGDGHDFXHUGRFRQHVWHSULQFLSLRSRGHPRVFRQWURODUVXYDOLGH]VREUH SS>/LQNV@
ODEDVHGHVXIRUPDH[WHUQDVRODPHQWHVLQKDFHUUHIHUHQFLDDOVLJQLILFDGRGHORVWpUPLQRVXVDGRVHQOD
BBBBBBBBBB&DWHJRULFDO3URSRVLWLRQVDQGORJLFDLQYHQWLYDLQ/HLEQL]
V'LVVHUWDWLRGHDUWH
SUXHEDS
FRPELQDWRULDHQ6WXGLD/HLEQLWLDQD%DQG;;;,9SS>/LQNV@

&RUFRUDQS BBBBBBBBBB3KLORSRQXVRQWKHQDWXUHRIORJLFHQ$SHLURQ$MRXUQDOIRUDQFLHQWSKLORVRSK\DQG

VFLHQFHYRO;;;9,,SS>/LQNV@
(OGHVDUUROORGHHVWDLGHDPHVDFDUtDGHPLSURSyVLWRDTXt$FRQWLQXDFLyQDSXQWRORHVHQFLDO6HJ~Q
%RROHFRPRXQPRGRGHHVFDSDUDODVSDUDGRMDVGHODSUHVXSRVLFLyQH[LVWHQFLDOODVSURSRVLFLRQHV BBBBBBBBBB¢(VODFRQWUDSRVLFLyQXQDOH\OyJLFD"$QWLJXDV\QXHYDVLQWHUSUHWDFLRQHVHQ
FDWHJyULFDVWUDGLFLRQDOHV$(,2GHEHQVHULQWHUSUHWDGDVFRPRHOSURGXFWRGHODLQWHUVHFFLyQGHODV (SLVWHPRORJtDH+LVWRULDGHOD&LHQFLD6HOHFFLyQGH7UDEDMRVGHODV;9-RUQDGDVYROSS+
FODVHVIRUPDGDVSRUORVREMHWRVGHQRWDGRVSRUHOWpUPLQRVXMHWR\HOWpUPLQRSUHGLFDGRHQHOVXSXHVWRGH )DDV$6DDO09HODVFRHGVÈUHD/yJLFR(SLVWHPROyJLFDGHOD(VFXHODGH)LORVRItD\&HQWURGH
TXHFDGDWpUPLQRWHQJDRQRGHQRWDGRVLHWHQJDRQRLPSOLFDFLyQH[LVWHQFLDO3RUHMHPSORVL6  ,QYHVWLJDFLRQHVGHOD)DFXOWDGGH)LORVRItD\+XPDQLGDGHV8QLYHUVLGDG1DFLRQDOGH&yUGRED>/LQNV@
HQWRQFHV6HVYDFtRLHQRWLHQHLPSOLFDFLyQRFRQWHQLGRH[LVWHQFLDOVL6ïHQWRQFHV6QRHVYDFtR
LHWLHQHLPSOLFDFLyQRFRQWHQLGRH[LVWHQFLDO$Vt63UHSUHVHQWDDODSURSRVLFLyQFDWHJyULFDC6HV3
\ /XNDVLHZLF]-$ULVWRWOH
V6\OORJLVWLF2[IRUGQGHG>/LQNV@
VHUiLJXDODRGLVWLQWDGH6LLJXDOHQWRQFHVQRKD\QDGLHTXHVHD6\3VLGLVWLQWRHQWRQFHVKD\
DOJXLHQTXHHV6\3'HVGHDTXtSXHGHQUHIRUPXODUVHWRGRVODVSURSRVLFLRQHVFDWHJyULFDVWUDGLFLRQDOHV$ 0DULWDLQ-(O2UGHQGHORV&RQFHSWRV,/yJLFDPHQRU%LEOLRWHFD$UJHQWLQDGH)LORVRItD%XHQRV
(,2(VFODURHQSULPHUOXJDUTXH(6\3 ,6\3ï$GHPiVHVFODURTXHXQD$\DQRDILUPD $LUHV>/LQNV@
TXHWRGR6HV3SRUTXHSXHGHQRKDEHUDOJ~Q6VLQRQHJDWLYDPHQWHTXHQRH[LVWHQLQJ~Q6TXHQRVHD
0HLVHU&HG$QLFLL0DQOLL6HYHULQL%RHWLL&RPPHQWDULLLQ/LEUXP$ULVWRWHOLV3(5,
3\pVWDFRPRWRGDSURSRVLFLyQWLSR(DILUPDTXHODLQWHUVHFFLyQHQWUH6\3HVYDFtD'HDTXtTXH$6\
(50+1(,$63ULPDHWVHFXQGDHGLWLR/HLS]LJ>/LQNV@>ODDEUHYLDFLyQXVDGDSDUDODSULPHUDHGLFLyQHV
QR3 )LQDOPHQWHFRPRODWLSR2DILUPDTXHKD\DOJXLHQTXHHV6\QR3HQWRQFHV26\QR3ï6H
LQ,QWSDUDODVHJXQGDHVLQ,QW@
YHHQWRQFHVTXHHQHODUUHJORGH%RROHODVXQLYHUVDOHV$\(QRWLHQHQLPSOLFDFLyQH[LVWHQFLDOPLHQWUDV
TXHODVSDUWLFXODUHV,\2VtODWLHQHQ'DGDVHVWDVUHIRUPXODFLRQHVVHVLJXHQDOJXQDVFRQVHFXHQFLDV 7DUVNL$,QWURGXFWLRQWR/RJLFDQGWKH0HWKRGRORJ\RI'HGXFWLYH6FLHQFHV2[IRUG2[IRUG
VHPiQWLFDVODVPiVLPSRUWDQWHVVRQLTXHODVUHODFLRQHVGHLQIHUHQFLDWUDGLFLRQDOHVGHO&XDGUDGRGH 8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV>/LQNV@
2SRVLFLRQHVGHEHQVHUWRGDVLQYDOLGDGDVH[FHSWRODVGLDJRQDOHVFRQWUDGLFWRULDV'HVSXpVLLTXH$\(
GHMDQGHVHULQFRQVLVWHQWHVFRPRHQHO&XDGUDGRWUDGLFLRQDO\SXHGHQVHUDKRUDDPEDVYHUGDGHUDV :DOOLHV0HG$OH[DQGUL$SKURGLVLHQVLVLQ$ULVWRWHOLV7RSLFRUXP/LEURV2FWR&RPPHQWDULDLQ
6LPLODUPHQWHLLL,\2SXHGHQVHUDKRUDDPEDVIDOVDVFRVDTXHQRRFXUUtDHQHO&XDGUDGRWUDGLFLRQDO &RPPHQWDULDLQ$ULVWRWHOHP*UDHFDYRO%HUOLQ>/LQNV@
7DPELpQLYWRGDVODVLQIHUHQFLDVFX\RDQWHFHGHQWHHVXQLYHUVDO\VXFRQVHFXHQWHSDUWLFXODUVRQ
LQYiOLGRVSRUHMHPSORODFRQYHUVLyQGHOD$DOJXQRVPRGRVVLORJtVWLFRVFRQVLGHUDGRVWUDGLFLRQDOPHQWH 
YiOLGRVFRPR'DUDSWL)HODSWRQWDPSRFR%DUEDULHWF ‹8QLYHUVLGDGGH&KLOH)DFXOWDGGHILORVRItD\+XPDQLGDGHV

 &DSLWiQ,JQDFLR&DUUHUD3LQWR
(VWDWHVLVHQ&RUUHLDSS

fXxRD6DQWLDJR&KLOH


http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?pid=S0718-43602006000100009&script=sci_arttext 11/05/2010 http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?pid=S0718-43602006000100009&script=sci_arttext 11/05/2010