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Chapter 7 : Acids and Bases

CHAPTER 7: ACIDS AND BASES


OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

1. Which of the following statement is the best to define an acid?


A. acid is a hydrogen acceptor
B. acid is a chemical substance that produce hydrogen ion
C. acid is a chemical substance that produce hydroxide ion
D. acid is a chemical substance that produce hydrogen ion when dissolved
in water

2. What is the property of acid when it dissolved in water?


A. the pH value higher than 7
B. neutralize sodium hydroxide solution
C. unable change blue litmus paper to red
D. non reaction with dry calcium carbonate

3. Which of the following acids and bases below are not used in manufacturing
fertilizer?
A. nitric acid
B. sulphuric acid
C. barium hydroxide
D. ammonium hydroxide

4. Which of the following are true about solution of pH 4?


A. non reaction with carbonate salt
B. turns red litmus paper to blue
C. reacts with oxygen and release hydrogen gas
D. the colour of solution change to pink when phenolphthalein is added

5. Which of the following substances show the properties of an acid?


A. Milk
B. Soap
C. Lemon juice
D. Toothpaste

6. Which of the following gas is colourless?


A. Chlorine
B. Bromine gas
C. Sulphur dioxide
D. Nitrogen dioxide

7. Which of the following is a strong acid?


A. Acetic acid
B. Formic acid
C. Oxalic acid
D. Phosphoric acid
Chapter 7 : Acids and Bases

8. Which of the following is a base?


A. Potassium oxide
B. Sulphur trioxide
C. Carbon dioxide
D. Copper (II) nitrate

9. Which of the following metals cannot react with dilute nitric acid to release
hydrogen gas?
A. Zinc
B. Argentum
C. Magnesium
D. Aluminium

10. The differentiate between sodium hydroxide solution and ammonium


hydroxide is
A. Ammonium hydroxide does not has OH- ions
B. Sodium hydroxide ionized completely when dissolved in water
C. Aqueous ammonium hydroxide solution has more OH - ions
D. pH value of ammonium hydroxide higher than pH value of sodium
hydroxide.

11. Which of the following pairs are true about aqueous solution?
Weak acid Strong acid
A Citric acid Sulphuric acid
B Tartaric acid Ethanoic acid
C Tartaric acid Methanoic acid
D Hydrochloric acid Tartaric acid

12. Which of the following solutions is the lowest pH value?


A. Ethanoic acid
B. Sulphuric acid
C. Aqueous ammonia solution
D. Sodium hydroxide solution

13. Which of the following substances produce hydroxide ion when dissolved in
water ?
I. Ammonia
II. Sodium oxide
III. Hydroxide chloride
IV. Carbon dioxide

A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. I, II and IV only
D. I, II , III and IV
Chapter 7 : Acids and Bases

14. Which of the following statements show the differentiate between base and
alkalis ?
A. Base is stronger and alkalis is weaker.
B. Base neutralize an acid and alkalis doesn’t.
C. Base insoluble in water but alkalis soluble in water.
D. Base exist in liquid form but alkalis exist in solid form.

15. If you have to measure 20 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution for titration
process and there is no pipette 20 cm3 in the laboratory, what is the best
apparatus to carry out an experiment?
A. Burette
B. Pipette 25 cm3
C. Measuring cylinder
D. Electronic balance

16. A few drop of methyl orange are added into dilute nitric acid solution and
sodium hydroxide solution. Which of the following give the correct colour for
the both solution?

Dilute nitric acid Sodium hydroxide solution


A. Orange Pink
B. Yellow Pink
C. Yellow Orange
D. Pink Yellow

17. In an experiment, an aqueous X solution is added with anhydrus sodium


carbonate. Gas is produced and turns the lime water milky. What is an
aqueous X solution?
A. Alkalis
B. Acid
C. Esters
D. Alcohol

18. A few of dilute sulphuric acid are added drop by drop into a beaker filled with
pottasium hydroxide solution. What is the changes occur in the content of
the solution?
A. White precipitate is formed
B. pH of the solution increases
C. The number of OH− ion become decrease
D. The number of water molecules decrease
Chapter 7 : Acids and Bases

19. Y (p) + 2H+ (ak) → Y2+ (ak) + H2 (g)

Which of the following reaction cannot represent the equation above?


A. Zink + sulphuric acid
B. Magnesium + sulphuric acid
C. Aluminium + dilute hydrochloric acid
D. Magnesium + dilute hydrochloric acid

20. A student mix 10 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid into 10 cm3 of 0.1 mol
dm-3 sodium hydroxide solution. Which of the following statements is true?
A. White precipitate is formed
B. Mixture produced cannot conduct electricity
C. Mixture produced changed a blue litmus paper to red
D. Mixture produced changed the colour of methyl orange indicator to
yellow

21. Which of the following reaction is a neutralization reaction?


A. Zinc + nitric acid
B. Copper (II) oxide + sulphuric acid
C. Copper (II) carbonate + hydrochloric acid
D. Magnesium oxide + sodium hydroxide

22. Dry hydrogen chloride gas is flowed into dry methylbenzene for a few
minutes. Which of the following is true about the solution obtained?
A. Electrolyte is performed
B. Contains hydrogen chloride molecule
C. Blue litmus paper turns red
D. Reacts with zinc powder to produce effervescence gas

23. Which of the following is the highest pH value?


A. 0.5 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid
B. 0.5 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid
C. 0.5 mol dm-3 aqueous ammonia solution
D. 0.5 mol dm-3 potassium aqueous ammonia solution

24. The reaction between a solution and magnesium ribbon produce


effervescence. Which of the following solutions will produce effervescence?

A. Ammonia in water
B. Hydrogen chloride in water
C. Ammonia in methylbenzene
D. Hydrogen chloride in methylbenzene
Chapter 7 : Acids and Bases

25. Which of the following equations is a neutralization process?


A. NH3(g) + H2O(l) → NH4OH (aq)
B. Zn(s) + Cu2+(aq) → Zn2+ (aq) + Cu(s)
C. H2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l) → 2H3O(aq) + SO42- (aq)
D. CuO(s) + 2HNO3 (aq) → Cu(NO3)2(aq) + H2O(l)

26. The difference between nitric acid and sulphuric acid can be determine by

I. Lead (II) oxide


II. Aqueous ammonia solution
III. Barium hydroxide
IV. Zinc oxide

A. I and III only


B. I and IV only
C. II and III only
D. II and IV only

27. What is the mass of ethanoic acid, CH3COOH in 250 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3
ethanoic acid?
(Relative atomic mass: C, 12; O, 16; H, 1)
A. 2.25 g
B. 3.60 g
C. 7.50 g
D. 9.00 g

28. Calculate the molarity of the solution when 2.0 g sodium hydroxide is
dissolved in water to form 250 cm3 solutions?
(Relative atomic mass: H, 1; Na, 23; O, 16)
A. 2.0 mol dm-3
B. 0.05 mol dm-3
C. 0.20 mol dm-3
D. 0.025 mol dm-3

29. A sulphuric acid solution with concentration of 19.60 g dm -3. Calculate the
volume of sulphuric acid which can neutralize 25 cm 3 of 0.20 mol dm-3
sodium hydroxide.
(Relative atomic mass: H, 1; O, 16; Na, 23; S, 32)
A. 12.5 cm3
B. 25.0 cm3
C. 37.5 cm3
D. 50.0 cm3
Chapter 7 : Acids and Bases

30. Equation below represents the neutralization between nitrate acid and
barium hydroxide.

2HNO3 + Ba(OH)2 Ba(NO3)2 + 2H2O

10.0 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 barium hydroxide is titrated with 0.1 mol dm-3
nitrate acid. If the initial reading of the burette is 10.0 cm 3, what is the final
reading of the burette?
A. 15.0 cm3
B. 20.0 cm3
C. 30.0 cm3
D. 40.0 cm3

31. 20.0 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 of a particular acid needs 50.0 cm3 of 0.6 mol dm-3
sodium hydroxide to form a complete neutralization. Which of the following
molecular formula is the best acid to use?
A. HNO3
B. H2SO4
C. H3PO4
D. CH3COOH

32. 12.4 g calcium carbonate reacts with 50.0 cm 3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric
acid, HCl. What is the mass of the calcium carbonate is left as a residue?
(Relative atomic mass: H, 1; Ca, 40; O, 16)
A. 1.2 g
B. 4.8 g
C. 6.2 g
D. 7.4 g

33. 100 cm3 of 2 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid has reacted with 50 cm3 of 2 mol
dm-3 sodium hydroxide solution. What is the mass of sodium chloride
produced?
(Relative atomic mass: H, 1; Na, 23; O, 16; Cl, 35.5)
A. 3.30 g
B. 5.85 g
C. 11.70 g
D. 13.50 g

34. What is the mass of calcium hydroxide is required to prepare 500 cm 3 of 0.4

mol dm-3 calcium hydroxide solution?


(Relative atomic mass: H, 1; Ca, 40; O, 16)
A. 11.4 g
B. 14.8 g
C. 22.8 g
D. 29.6 g
Chapter 7 : Acids and Bases

35. Which of the following contains 0.01 mol hydroxide ion?


A. 25 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 barium hydroxide
B. 40 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 potassium hydroxide
C. 50 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 calcium hydroxide
D. 80 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide

36. 4.0 g of sodium hydroxide dissolved in distilled water to form 250 cm 3


solutions. What is the concentration of the solution produced?
A. 10 g dm-3
B. 15 g dm-3
C. 16 g dm-3
D. 20 g dm-3

37. 15.21g of solid J is dissolved in water to produce 200 cm 3 of solution. The


molarity of this solution is 0.6 mol dm-3 . What is the relative molecular
mass of solid J?
A. 56
B. 106
C. 126
D. 188

38. Which of the following solutions is the concentration of 0.1 mol dm -3 ?


( Relative atomic mass : N,14 ; H,1 ; O,16 ; Cl,35.5 ; Na,23 ; S, 32 )
A. 9.5 g dm-3 of sulphuric acid
B. 3.5 g dm-3 of hydrochloric acid
C. 4.5 g dm-3 of sodium hydroxide
D. 10.6 g dm-3 of sodium carbonate solution

39. The equation below represents the reaction between metal Q and copper (II)

sulphate.

2Q + CuSO4 Q2SO4 + Cu

What is the volume of 1.0 mol dm-3 of copper (II) sulphate needed to react
with 0.92 g of metal Q?
(Relative atomic mass: Q, 23)
A. 15 cm3
B. 20 cm3
C. 30 cm3
D. 60 cm3
Chapter 7 : Acids and Bases

40. 200 cm3 of distilled water is added to 500 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 sodium
hydroxide solution. What is the molarity of the solution produced?

A. 2.0 x 500
1000

B. 2.0 x 700
1000

C. 2.0 x 500
200

D. 2.0 x 500
700

41. 50 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 potassium hydroxide reacts with the excess dilute
sulphuric acid to produce potassium sulphate. The same mass of
potassium sulphate is obtained when the excess of dilute sulphuric acid
reacts with……

I. 40 cm3 of 2.40 mol dm-3 potassium hydroxide


II. 80 cm3 of 1.25 mol dm-3 potassium hydroxide
III. 150 cm3 of 1.20 mol dm-3 potassium hydroxide
IV. 200 cm3 of 0.50 mol dm-3 potassium hydroxide

A. I and IV only
B. I and III only
C. II and IV only
D. I, II, III and IV
Chapter 7 : Acids and Bases

STRUCTURED QUESTION

SECTION A
1.

Substance : Anhydrous organic acid


State : Liquid
Formula : C2H4O2
Type of acid : Weak acid
Properties of acid : Dissolve in water and dissolve in methylbenzena

Figure 2

Figure 2 show the information for anhydrous organic acid, P .

(a) What is the meaning of weak acid?


_____________________________________________________________
[1 mark ]

(b) Liquid P which is dissolve in methylbenzena does not show the properties
of acid . Why ?
______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
[2 marks]

(c) Dilute potassium hydroxide solution was reacts with P and produce salt.

(i) Name the type of reaction occur.


___________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

(ii) Write chemical equation for this reactions.


__________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

(d) Acid P was dissolved in water and the solution produced was added with
sodium carbonate solid.

(i) State one observation for this reaction.


__________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(ii) Name the gas produced.
__________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
Chapter 7 : Acids and Bases

(iii) State one test which can be done to confirmed the presence of gas.
.
_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________
[2 marks]

2. Dry hydrogen chloride gas dissolved in methylbenzena produced solution P


and dissolved in water to produce solution Q.

Test Observation
Solution P Solution Q
Add with No reaction Effervescence
magnesium tape occur
Add with blue No reaction Blue litmus change
litmus to red
Table 1

Table 1 show the test carried out on solution P and solution Q.

(a) When magnesium tape is added into solution Q, a gas is produced while
solution P does not have any changes.

(i) Why solution P does not has any reaction when react with magnesium
tape ?
__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________
[2 marks]

(ii) Name the gas produced.


___________________________________________________________
[1 mark ]

(b) If solution Q is add with dilute nitric acid and followed with argentum nitrate.

(i) State the observation for this reaction.


___________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

(ii) Write the ionic equation for this reaction.


___________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
Chapter 7 : Acids and Bases

(c) 25.0 cm3 sodium hydroxide 0.5 mol dm-3 react completely with 20.0 cm3
solution Q. Calculate the molarity of solution Q.
[Relative molecule mass : Q, 36.5]

[3 marks]
Chapter 7 : Acids and Bases

Section B

1 (a) The chemical equation below represent reaction between hydrochloric acid
and calcium carbonate.

2HCl (aq) + CaCO3 (aq) → CaCl2 (aq) + CO2 (g) + H2O (ce)

(i) Calculate the mass of calcium carbonate that is required if 480 cm 3 of carbon

dioxide gas produce at room temperature.


[1 mol of gas occupies 24dm3 at room temperature,
molecule relative mass : Ca, 40; C, 12; O, 16]

(ii) Calculate the volume of water that is added to 20 cm 3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 HCl
to produce molarity 0.2 mol dm-3 HCl.

Type of acid Molarity (mol dm-3) pH value


Hydrochloric acid 0.5 1.0
Ethanoic acid 0.5 4.0

(b) Table above show the molarity and pH value for hydrochloric acid and
ethanoic acid. Explain why the pH value different between this two acid.

(c) You are required to prepare anhydrus zinc sulphate salt. The chemicals are
given as below :

Nitric acid, zinc chloride solution, sodium carbonate solution.

Describe how you would carry out an experiment to show the preparation
of salt. Include the chemical equation in your explanation.

2.(a) What do you understand by the terms :


(i) strong acid
(ii) weak acid
[2 marks]

(b) Briefly describle an experiment to determine the molarity of a sample of


ethanoic acid, CH3COOH by titration method. You are provided with 0.5 mol
dm-3 sodium hydroxide solution and phenolphthalein as an indicator.
[10 marks]
Chapter 7 : Acids and Bases

(c) The flow chart in diagram 8.1 below is to identify the cation and anion that
is present in zinc sulphate. Describle the method and observation involved.

Diagram 8.1
[8 marks]
Chapter 7 : Acids and Bases

Paper 3

1. An experiment is carried out to determine the relationship between


the concentration of H+ ions and the pH values for hydrochloric acid solution.
The pH values for the six hydrochloric acid solutions with the concentrations
of 0.100 mol dm -3, 0.060 mol dm-3, 0.040 mol dm-3, 0.025 mol dm-3, 0.015
mol dm-3, 0.010 mol dm-3 are each measured using a pH meter. The
corresponding pH values and the concentrations of the hydrochloric acid
solutions are shown in figure 1 below.

pH 1.0 1.2 1.4


value

pH
meter

nitric
acid
solution

1.6 1.8 2.0

Figure 1

(a) List the variables that are studied in this experiment.

(i) Manipulated variable


________________________________________________________

(ii) Responding variable


________________________________________________________

(iii) Fixed variable


________________________________________________________
Chapter 7 : Acids and Bases

[KK0510]

(b) State the hypothesis for this experiment.


____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________
[KK0511]

(c) Construct a table and record the pH value, and concentration of H + ion for
the experiment above.

[KK0503]

(d) Based on result from the experiment in table (c), draw a graph of
concentration of H+ ion againt pH value.
[KK0506]

(e) Based on the graph in (d), state the relationship between concentration H +
ion and pH value.
___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

[KK0509]
Chapter 7 : Acids and Bases

(f) If hydrochloric acid replace with ethanoic acid, predict pH value for 0.100
mol dm-3 ethanoic acid.
____________________________________________________________
[KK0507]

(g) Tooth paste can prevent damage of tooth. Explain why ?


___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________
[KK0505]

2. A sodium hydroxide standard solution is prepared by dissolving 1.10 g of sodium


hydroxide in glass container W to produce 250 cm 3 of solution. 20.0 cm3 of sodium
hydroxide solution is measured and put into a conical flask. Two drops of
phenolphthalein are added. The sodium hydroxide solution is titrated with sulphuric
acid in the burette. A few titrations are carried out to ensure accurate results. The
initial reading and final reading in the last titration are shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1
(a) In Figure 1, what is

(i) the initial reading of the burette ? _____________________

(ii) the final reading of the burette ? _____________________

(iii) the volume of sulphuric acid used in the titration ? ____________________


[3 marks]

(b) What is the meaning of a standard solution ?

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________
[3 marks]

(c) Name the apparatus


Chapter 7 : Acids and Bases

(i) W, _____________________

(ii) used to measure 20.0 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution. _______________

[2 marks]
(d) Write the chemical equation of the reaction between sodium hydroxide and
sulphuric acid.

________________________________________________________________
[1 marks]

(e) What is the change in the colour of phenolphthalein at the last stage ?

________________________________________________________________

[3 marks]
-3
(f) Calculate the concentration of sodium hydroxide in mol dm
[Relative atomic mass : Na, 23; O, 16; H,1]

[3 marks]

(g) The average volume of sulphuric acid used in three of the titrations is 22.00 cm 3.
Calculate the concentration of sulphuric acid used.
Chapter 7 : Acids and Bases

[3 marks]

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