Areeya Moua

Annabelle Vang
Lisa Xiang
US History, P.1
14 February 2018
Annotated Bibliography

Primary Sources

Blue, Rose and Naden, Corinne J. "Caesar and Cleopatra." ​Cleopatra​.

This source was used to help me better understand the beginning of Cleopatra’s sudden
gain of power. It also taught me how she used her role as a powerful woman to her
advantage because her beauty and words pulled Caesar in the moment he saw her, and
that promised her power. Additionally, this source helped me understand how the
Romans viewed Cleopatra as an enemy because of her Greek bloodline.

Morgan, Julian. Cleopatra: Ruling in the Shadow of Rome. New York, Rosen Pub.
Group, 2003.
This source helped me better understand the achievements and accomplishments of these
three significant figures in ancient Egypt. These three figures Mark Antony, Julius
Caesar, and Octavian all made an big impact and contribution to ancient Egypt such as
ruling and controlling the land to become better.

Mulherin, Jennifer. ​Julius Caesar​. Slough, Cherrytree, 2001.

This source help me understand how the communication between Brutus and his wife,
Portia, made an impact in the decision of killing Julius Caesar. Brutus’ final decision can
make an big impact in Julius Caesar’s life and Cleopatra’s marriage.

Streissguth, Tom. ​Queen Cleopatra​. Lerner Publications Company, 2000.

This source (picture) was used to depict the feature of Cleopatra when she was alive; this
ancient bust of Cleopatra allows me to see her beauty and attraction which won the heart
of two men, Mark Antony and Julius Caesar. Additionally, it helped me understand the
fame of Cleopatra and her son, Caesarion back in the ancient day; these traditional
Egyptian stone reliefs also show the costume and decoration of Cleopatra and Caesarion.
Lastly, the coins of Mark Antony and Cleopatra was used to show the recognition and
honor of Cleopatra and Mark Antony while they were still alive; these two coins were
from the 32 B.C., which was two years before Cleopatra died. This allows me to see the
old age features of Cleopatra and Mark Antony.
 Secondary Sources

“Battle of Actium." Scientific Journal of Humanistic Studies, vol. 9, no.

16, Mar. 2017, pp. 47-57. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/
login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=122300824.

Blue, Rose and Naden, Corinne J. "Caesar and Cleopatra." ​Cleopatra​.

Philadelphia, PA: Chelsea House Publishers, 2002. pp.48-56.
This source was used to help me better understand how Cleopatra was viewed as a villain
because of her Greek bloodline; Romans and Greeks never were friendly to begin with.
Furthermore, I better understood the tremendous influence the ugly ties had on Marc
Antony. The pressure the Romans put him on because Cleopatra was Greek.

CICARMA, Andra Elena. "Cleopatra VII Thea Philopator. Her Ascension to the
Throne, Her Political (And Not Only) Alliances with Caesar and Marcus
Antonius, Her Involvement in the Roman Civil War, the Forfeiture and the
Battle of Actium." Scientific Journal of Humanistic Studies, vol. 9, no.
16, Mar. 2017, pp. 47-57. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/
login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=122300824.

Editors, and TheFamousPeople.com. "Cleopatra Biography." ​TheFamousPeople.com​, 21 July

2017, www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/cleopatra-vii-1089.php. Accessed 10 Jan. 2018.

Funk & Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia​. ​Ebscohost​, web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/

detail/detail?vid=3&sid=0072cdb2-d6de-4073-8735-5d1bd2f1bf13%40sessionmgr4008
&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#AN=CL156700&db=funk. Accessed 1
Sept. 2017.
This secondary source gave me the information of the Cleopatra’s life. It included her
marriages, journey, and life with Julius Caesar and Mark Antony. This helps me with my
understanding of the project because it provided the process of how Cleopatra becomes a
queen of Egypt and how she died.

Harl, Kenneth W. "Battle of Actium" ​Reader's Companion to Military History​,

Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company, Jan. 1996, p.2. EBSCO​host​,
search.ebscohost.com/
login.aspx?direct=true&db=khh&AN=12443336&site=hrc-live.

History.com Staff. "Cleopatra Commits Suicide." ​History.com​, A+E Networks, 2010,

www.history.com/this-day-in-history/cleopatra-commits-suicide. Accessed 9
Jan. 2018.
History.com Staff. "Julius Caesar." ​History.com​, A+E Networks, 2009,
www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/julius-caesar. Accessed 10 Feb.
2018.
History.com Staff. "The Battle of Actium." ​History.com​, A+E Networks, 2010,
www.history.com/this-day-in-history/the-battle-of-actium. Accessed 6 Feb.
2018.

Horner, Matina S., et al. "Cleopatra." ​Cleopatra (0-7910-6320-8)​, Jan. 2002, pp.
7. EBSCO​host​, search.ebscohost.com

Joyce, Tyldesley. "Cleopatra." ​Britannica Biographies​, 3/1/2012, p. 1. EBSCO​host​,

search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=b6h&AN=32406824&site=brc-live.
This source was used to help me better understand Cleopatra’s background, so I could
understand where she stood upon. It also taught me she married two men to use them to
permit Egypt to become powerful. Furthermore, this helped me understand her values and
wants for Egypt because she was the queen of it.

Loveday, Veronica. ​Mark Antony. ​pp. 1-2. EBSCO​host​,

search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=khh&AN=17955859&site=hrc-live.
This source was used to help me better understand Antony’s perspective on the entire
ordeal and Cleopatra, his mistress. He loved the Egyptian queen to the point she
influenced his choice of having his men fight on sea, a territory they were not
accustomed. This source helped me understand the rivalry between Octavian and Antony.

Mark, Joshua J. "The Battle of Actium: Birth of an Empire."

Ancient History Encyclopedia​. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 18 Jan 2012. Web. 12 Jan
2018.

Millmore, Mark. "Cleopatra." Discovering Egypt, discoveringegypt.com/

ancient-egyptian-kings-queens/cleopatra/. Accessed 10 Jan. 2018.

Nardo, Don. ​Cleopatra​. Greenhaven Press, Inc., 2001.

This source helped me understand the beginning of conflict between Octavian and
Antony and Cleopatra. Octavian began propaganda and got most to turn against Antony,
starting with the Senate removing his official position.

Netzley, Patricia D. ​The Greenhaven Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt​. San Diego,

Greenhaven Press, 2003.

New World Encyclopedia contributors. "Cleopatra." New World Encyclopedia, 3 Mar.

 2017, www.newworldencyclopedia.org/p/index.php?title=Cleopatra&oldid=1003579.
Accessed 10 Jan. 2018.

New World Encyclopedia contributors. "Ptolemaic Dynasty." ​New World

Encyclopedia​, 15 June 2015, www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/
Ptolemaic_dynasty. Accessed 10 Feb. 2018.

Preston, Diana. ​Cleopatra and Antony: Power, Love, and Politics in the Ancient World​. Walker
& Company, 2009.
This source gave further understanding of the Actium War. It talked of the battle
strategies used by Antony and Octavian, and the progression that lead to Octavian’s
victory.

Porter, Barry. "Actium Rome's Fate in the Balance." ​Military History​, vol. 14,
no. 3, Aug. 1997, p. 26. EBSCO​host​, search.ebscohost.com/
login.aspx?direct=true&db=khh&AN=9709205302&site=hrc-live.

Thayer Watkins. "The Timeline of the Life of Cleopatra." San Jose State
University. ​www.sjsu.edu​, applet-magic. Jan 9 2018.