24-D15 - Grading - Excavation - Backfilling PDF

2 X 660 MW UDUPI THERMAL POWER PROJEC
(PHASE –II)
UDUPI POWER TATA CONSULTING

CORPORATION LIMITED ENGINEERS LIMITED
SPEC. NO. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR SEA WATER VOLUME –II
5554-E-SWI-OFS-TM-S-E-001 INTAKE AND OUTFALL SYSTEM SECTION: D15
EARTHWORK IN GRADING, EXCAVTION AND
BACKFILLING Page 1 of 19
1.0 SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the general requirements of earth work in excavation in
different materials, site grading, filling in areas as shown in drawing, filling back
around foundations and in plinths, conveyance and disposal of surplus soils or
stacking them properly as shown in the drawing and as directed by the Engineer and
all operations covered within the intent and purpose of this specification.
1.2 All tools and plants, equipments and machineries to be used in this work shall be of
standard quality and manufactured by reputed concerns confirming to Indian
Standards (IS) codes or equivalent thereof.
2.0 APPLICABLE CODES
The following Indian Standard Codes, unless otherwise specified herein, shall be
applicable. In all cases, the latest revision of the codes shall be referred to.
1 IS 1200 Method of measurement of building and civil engineering

works
2 (Part 1) Part 1 Earthwork
(Part 27) Part 27 Earthwork done by mechanical appliances
3 IS 3764-1992 Excavation work – code of safety.
4 IS 2720 Methods of test for soils:
(Part 1) Part 1 Preparation of dry soil samples for various tests.
(Part 2) Part 2 Determination of water content.
(Part 4) Part 4 Grain size analysis.
(Part 5) Part 5 Determination of liquid and plastic limit.
(Part 7) Part 7 Determination of water content-dry density
relation using light compaction.
Part (9) Part 9 Determination of dry density - moisture content
relation by constant weight of soil method.
(Part 14) Part 14 Determination of density index (relative density)
of cohesion less soils.
ISSUE
P0
reserve all rights in this document and in the information therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly
forbidden
(PHASE –II)

(Part 28) Part 28 Determination of dry density of soils in place, by

the sand replacement method.
(Part 33) Part 33 Determination of the density in place by the ring
and water replacement method.
(Part 34) Part 34 Determination of density of soil in place by
rubber balloon method.
(Part 38) Part 38 Compaction control test (Hilf Method).
(Part 40) Part 40 Determination of Free swell index of soils
5 IRC 36 Recommended practice for the construction of earth
embankments for road works
6 MORTH Section 300,Earthwork,Erosion Control and Drainage
2. DRAWINGS
The Engineer will furnish drawings wherever, in his opinion, such drawings are
required to show areas to be excavated/filled, grade level, sequence of priorities etc.
The CONTRACTOR shall follow strictly such drawings.
3. GENERAL
3.1. The CONTRACTOR shall furnish all tools, plants, instruments, qualified supervisory
personnel, labour, materials any temporary works, consumables, any and everything
necessary, whether or not such items are specifically stated herein for completion of
the job in accordance with the specification requirements.
3.2. The CONTRACTOR shall carry out the survey of the site before excavation and set
out properly all lines and establish levels for various works such as earthwork in
excavation for grading, basement, foundations, plinth filling, roads, drains, cable
trenches, pipelines etc. Such survey shall be carried out by taking accurate cross
sections of the area perpendicular to established reference /grid lines at 10.0 m
intervals or nearer as determined by the Engineer based on ground profile. These
shall be checked by the Engineer and thereafter properly recorded.
3.3. The excavation shall be done to correct lines and levels. This shall also include,
where required, proper shoring to maintain excavations and also the furnishing,
ISSUE
P0
forbidden
(PHASE –II)

erecting and maintaining of substantial barricades around excavated areas and

warning lamps at night for ensuring safety.
3.4. The rates quoted shall also include for dumping of excavated materials with regular
slopes as directed by the Engineer within the lead specified and levelling the same
so as to provide natural drainage. Rock/soil excavated shall be stacked properly as
directed by the Engineer. As a rule, all softer material shall be laid along the centre of
heaps, the harder and more weather resisting materials forming the casing on the
sides and the top. Rock shall be stacked separately.
4. CLEARING
4.1 The area to be excavated /filled shall be cleared of fences, trees, plants, logs,
stumps, bush, vegetation, rubbish, slush, etc and no other objectionable matter. If
any roots or stumps of trees are met during excavation, they shall also be removed.
The material so removed shall be burnt or disposed off as directed by the Engineer
Wherever earth fill is intended, the area shall be stripped of all loose /soft patches,
top soil containing objectionable matter/materials before fill commences.
5. PRECIOUS OBJECTS, RELICS, OBJECTS OF ANTIQUITY, ETC.
5.1 All gold, silver, oil, minerals, archaeological and other findings of importance, trees
cut or other materials of any description and all precious stones, coins, treasures,
relics, antiquities and other similar things which may be found in or upon the site shall
be the property of the OWNER and the CONTRACTOR shall duly preserve the same
to the satisfaction of the Owner and from time to time deliver the same to such
person or persons as the OWNER may from time to time authorise or appoint to
receive the same.
6. CLASSIFICATION
6.1 All materials to be excavated shall be classified by the Engineer, into one of the
following classes and shall be paid for at the rate tendered for that particular class of
material. No distinction shall be made whether the material is dry, moist or wet. The
decision of the Engineer regarding the classifications of the material shall be final and
binding on the CONTRACTOR and not be a subject matter of any appeal or
arbitration.
ISSUE
P0
forbidden
(PHASE –II)

6.2 Any earthwork will be classified under any of the following categories:
a. Soft and Hard soils:-.
These shall include all kinds of soils containing kankar, sand, silt, murrum and/or
shingle, gravel, clay, loam, peat, ash, shale, etc., which can generally be excavated
by spade, pick axes and shovel. This shall also include embedded rock boulders not
longer than 1 metre in any one direction and not more than 200 mm in any one of the
other two directions. No distinction shall be made whether the material is dry, moist
or wet.
b. Soft and Decomposed Rock:-

This shall include rock, boulders, slag, chalk, slate, hard micaschist, laterite and all
other materials which in the opinion of Engineer is rock, but does not need blasting
and could be removed with picks, hammer, crow bars, wedges, and pneumatic
breaking equipment. The mere fact that the Contractor resorts to blasting for
reasons of his own, shall not qualify for classification under 'Hard Rock'.
This shall also include excavation in macadam and tarred roads and pavements.
This shall also include rock boulders not longer than 1 metre in any direction and
more than 200 mm but less than 500 mm in any one of the other two directions.
Masonry to be dismantled will also be measured under this item unless a separate
provision is made in the Schedule of Quantities
c. Hard Rock :-
This shall include all rock occurring in large continuous masses which cannot be
removed except by blasting for loosening it. Harder varieties of rock with or without
veins and secondary minerals which, in the opinion of the Engineer require blasting
shall be considered as hard rock. Boulders of rock occurring in such sizes and not
classified under (a) and (b) above shall also be classified as hard rock. Concrete
work both reinforced and unreinforced to be dismantled will be measured under this
item, unless a separate provision is made in the Schedule of Quantities.
Where blasting is prohibited for any reason, the excavation shall be carried out by
chiselling or any other method approved by the Engineer. The mere fact that the
contractor resorts to blasting shall not classify the soft rock under hard rock.
ISSUE
P0
forbidden
(PHASE –II)

7. EXCAVATION
7.1 All excavation work shall be carried out by mechanical equipment unless, in the
opinion of the Engineer, the work involved and time schedule permit manual work.
The method of excavation shall be chosen carefully depending on the strata as
mentioned in clause 7.0 and to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
7.2. Excavation work shall be taken to such widths, lengths, depths and profiles as are
shown on the drawings or such other lines and grades as may be specified by the
Engineer. Rough excavation shall be carried out to a depth 150 mm above the final
level. The balance shall be excavated with special care. Soft pockets shall be
removed even below the final level and extra excavation filled up as directed by the
Engineer. The final excavation should be carried out just prior to laying mud mat.
7.3. The CONTRACTOR may, for facility of work or similar other reasons, excavate and
also backfill later, if so approved by the Engineer, at his own cost outside the lines
shown on the drawings or directed by the Engineer. Should any excavation be taken
below the specified elevations, the Contractor shall fill it up, with concrete of the
same class as in the foundation resting thereon, upto the required elevation. No extra
cost shall be claimed by the CONTRACTOR on this account.
7.4. All excavation shall be done to the minimum dimensions as required for safety and
working facility. Prior approval of the Engineer shall be obtained by the
CONTRACTOR in each individual case, for the method he proposes to adopt for the
excavation, including dimensions, side slopes, dewatering, disposal etc. This
approval, however, shall not in any way relieve the CONTRACTOR of his
responsibility for any consequent loss or damage. The excavation must be carried
out in the most expeditious and efficient manner. Side slopes shall be as steep as will
stand safely for the actual soil conditions encountered. Every precaution shall be
taken to prevent slips. Should slip occur, the slipped material shall be removed and
the slope dressed to a modified stable slope? Removal of the slipped earth will not
be paid for if the slips are due to the negligence of the Contractor.
7.5. Excavation shall be carried out with such tools, tackles and equipment as described
herein before. Blasting or other methods may be resorted to in the case of hard rock;
ISSUE
P0
forbidden
(PHASE –II)

however, not without the specific permission of the Engineer.
7.6. The Engineer may also direct that in some extreme case, the rock may be excavated
by heating and sudden quenching for splitting the rock or any other method.
7.7. License for blasting and other statutory requirements (labour license etc.) shall be the
responsibility of contractor.
7.8 If ground water exists in the area then proper dewatering system is to be adopted at
site to ensure that the groundwater level is maintained at least 1.0 m below the
excavation level.
7.9 The excavation slopes shall be maintained flatter at top and can be relatively steeper
at bottom of excavation. However detailed methodology of carrying out excavation
covering the proposed slope & stages to submitted for depth of excavations > 10m.
7.10 If sufficient space is not available to make open excavations with required slopes,
considerations may be given to the provision of sheet piles, contiguous piles or
diaphragm walls. Heavy construction equipments should not be allowed within 3 m
of deep excavation.
7.11 Contractor shall ensure the safety of men and material during excavation by
providing required slope / shoring.
8. STRIPPING LOOSE ROCK
8.1 All loose boulders, semi-detached rocks (along with earthy stuff which might move
therewith) not directly in the excavation but so close to the area to be excavated as to
be liable, in the opinion of the Engineer, to fall or otherwise endanger the workmen,
equipment, or the work, etc., shall be stripped off and removed away from the area of
the excavation. The method used shall be such as not to shatter or render unstable
or unsafe the portion which was originally sound and safe.
8.2 Any material not requiring removal as contemplated in the work, but which, in the
opinion of the Engineer, is likely to become loose or unstable later, shall also be
promptly and satisfactorily removed as directed by the Engineer. The cost of such
ISSUE
P0
forbidden
(PHASE –II)

stripping will be paid for at the unit rates accepted for the class of materials in
question.
9. -Not Used-
10. DEWATERING
10.1 All excavations shall be kept free of water. Grading in the vicinity of excavation shall
be properly closed to prevent surface water running into excavated areas.
CONTRACTOR shall remove by pumping or other means approved by Engineer any
water inclusive of rain water and subsoil water accumulated in excavation and
keeping all excavations dewatered during concreting operations till back filling is
completed. Sumps made for dewatering must be kept clear of the
excavations/trenches required for further work. Method of pumping shall be approved
by the Engineer but in any case, the pumping arrangement shall be such that there
shall be no movement of subsoil or blowing in due to differential head of water during
pumping. Pumping arrangements shall be adequate to ensure no delays in
construction.
10.2 The choice of the method of dewatering system shall be responsibility of the
Contractor. Depending on the type of strata encountered at site, nature of soil,
permeability characteristics etc, Contractor to study and submit full details of the
method he proposes to adopt for dewatering with necessary sketches and
specifications. In silty soils, Contractor shall take necessary precautions to avoid
cave in soils into the excavation area during the process of dewatering. Necessary
dewatering system shall be designed and installed by the Contractor, with prior
approval of the Engineer. Contractor shall also suitably direct/dispose off the ground
water obtained during dewatering to safeguard men, materials, structures and
equipment. The sequence of carrying out various items of work shall be as
specifically approved by the Engineer. Approval of the Engineer shall, however, not
relieve the Contractor of the responsibility for the adequacy of dewatering and
protection arrangements and for the quality and safety of the works.
10.3 Contractor shall take precautions to discharge the drained water into suitable outlets
as not to cause damage to the works, crops or any other property. Due to any
negligence on the part of the Contractor, if any such damage is caused, it shall be
the sole responsibility of the Contractor to repair/restore to the original condition at
ISSUE
P0
forbidden
(PHASE –II)

his own cost or compensate for the damage.
10.4 When there is a continuous inflow of water and quantum of water to be handled is
considered in the opinion of Engineer, as large, well point system-shall be adopted.
CONTRACTOR shall submit to Engineer his scheme of well point system including
the spacing, number and diameter of well points, headers etc, and the numbers,
capacity and location of pumps of approvals.
10.5 Unless separately provided for in the Schedule of quantities, dewatering is deemed
to have been included in the unit rates quoted for excavation. If separately provided
for, the unit of measurement shall be as indicated in the schedule of quantities.
11. SITE GRADING AND FILLING
11.1 Site grading shall be carried out as indicated in the drawings and as directed by the
Engineer. Excavation shall be carried out as specified in the specification.
11.2 The fill shall be carried out to such dimensions and levels as indicated on the
drawings after the stipulated compaction. The fill will be considered as incomplete if
the desired compaction has not been obtained.
11.3 Available Earth:
11.3.1 To the extent possible, available surplus soils from excavated materials shall be used
for grading the site. Fill material shall be free from clods, salts, sulphates, and
organic or other foreign material. All clods of earth shall be broken or removed.
Where excavated material is mostly rock, the boulders shall be broken into pieces
not larger than 150 mm size, mixed with properly graded fine material consisting of
murrum or earth to fill up the voids and the mixture used for filling.
If the available earth has expansive soils or the rocky surface, the same shall not be
used for site grading. In such cases, material used for site grading shall confirm to
point (b) as mentioned below
11.4 Earth from Borrow Pits
11.4.1 If any selected fill material is required to be borrowed, the Contractor shall make
arrangements for bringing such material from outside borrow pits. The material and
ISSUE
P0
forbidden
(PHASE –II)

source shall be subject to prior approval of the Engineer. The approved borrow pit
area shall be cleared of all bushed, roots of trees, plants, rubbish etc. top soil
containing salts/ sulphate and other foreign material shall be removed. The materials
so removed shall be burnt or disposed off as directed by the Engineer. The
Contractor shall make necessary access roads to borrow areas and maintain the
same, if such access road does not exist, at his cost.
11.4.2 The materials brought from borrow pit and used for general site grading shall be soil,
moorum, gravel, a mixture of these or any other material approved by the Engineer.
The material shall comply with following soil properties
(a) The fines (silt + clay) present in the soil shall be less than 35%.
(b) Liquid limit of the soil shall not exceed 50% and plasticity index shall not exceed
30%
(c) The clay present in the soil shall not exhibit marked swell and shrinkage
properties. Free swelling index and Swell pressure shall not exceed 50 percent
and 0.5 kg/cm2 respectively.
(d) Shrinkage limit of the soil shall not be less than 20%.
(e) The shrinkage limit shall be higher than the optimum moisture content.
(f) Field density shall not be less than 1.8gm/cc.
11.5 CNS Material
The CNS material shall have the following properties.

Sr. Property Very Broad
No. Specification
Range
1 Grain size analysis
(i) Clay 15-25%
(ii) Silt 35-50%
(iii) Sand 30-40%
(iv) Gravel ≤10%
2 Consistency Limits
(i) Liquid Limit 30-50%
(ii) Plastic Limit 20-25%
(iii) Plasticity Index 10-25%
(iv)Shrinkage Limit 15% and above
ISSUE
P0
forbidden
(PHASE –II)

3 (a) Swelling pressure when compacted to maximum dry Less than 0.1
density corresponding to standard proctor compaction Kg/cm2
with (10 kN/m2)
zero initial compaction moisture constant , for no volume
change condition
(b) Swelling pressure when compacted to maximum dry Less than 0.05
density corresponding to standard proctor compaction Kg/cm2 (5 kN/m2)
and
initial compaction moisture corresponding to optimum
moisture content for no volume change condition
4 Clay minerals Preferably
Kaolinite and
illite.
5 Shear strength of compacted sample compacted to
maximum dry density correspond to standard proctor
compaction and initial moisture content corresponding to
optimum moisture content but sample tested on
saturation.
(a) From unconfined compression cu 0.15-0.35 kg/cm2
(15 to 35 kN/m2)
(b) From consolidated undrained direct shear test. c cu 0.1-0.3 kg/cm2
(10 to 30 kN/m2)
cu 8o-15o
11.6 Any fill material will be subjected to the Engineer approval. If any material is rejected
by the Engineer the CONTRACTOR shall remove the same forthwith from the site at
no extra cost to the owner. Surplus fill material shall be deposited/ disposed off as
directed by the Engineer after the fill work is completed. No earth fill shall commence
until surface water discharges and streams have been properly intercepted or
otherwise dealt with as directed by the Engineer.
11.7 The CONTRACTOR shall protect the earth fill from being washed away by rain
damaged in any other way. Should any slip occur, CONTRACTOR shall remove the
affected material and make good the slip at his cost.
11.8 The fill shall be carried out to such dimensions and levels as indicated on the
ISSUE
P0
forbidden
(PHASE –II)

drawings after the stipulated compaction. The fill will be considered as incomplete if
the desired compaction has not been obtained.
11.9 If specifically permitted by the Engineer, compaction can be obtained by allowing

loaded trucks conveying fill or other material to ply over the fill area. Even if such a
method is permitted, it will be for the CONTRACTOR to demonstrate the
desired/specified compaction has been obtained. In order that the fill may be
reasonably uniform throughout, the material should be dumped in place in
approximately uniform layers. Traffic over the fill shall be so routed to compact the
area uniformly throughout.
11.10 Land shall be levelled by raising with controlled fill approved excavated / borrowed
where the existing ground levels are lower than the specified formation level. After
clearing site as per clause 4.0 & clause 8.0, the original ground shall be compacted
by rolling subject to a minimum 10 passes by 10 to 12 tonne roller. Approved fill
material shall be spread in layers not exceeding 225mm in layer thickness and
compacted to 95% of modified proctor density with approved compaction equipment.
Each layer shall be watered and thoroughly compacted with proper moisture content
and such equipments as may be required to obtain a minimum of 95% of its
maximum dry density as determined by standard proctor's test per IS:2720, Part-VII.
Addition quantity of water if required shall be added by means of sprinklers.
11.11 Moisture content shall be checked at the source of supply in accordance with IS:
2720 part -II and if found less than that required for proper compaction, the same
shall be made good either at the source or after spreading the soil in loose thickness
for compaction. In the latter case, water shall be sprinkled directly from the hose line
or from the truck mounted water tank making due allowance for evaporation losses
and the fill material be thoroughly mixed by means of harrows, rotary mixers or by
any other suitable approved method until the layer is uniformly wet. Flooding shall not
be permitted for watering purpose under any circumstances If the material delivered
is too wet, it shall then be dried by aeration and exposure to the sun till the moisture
content is suitable for compaction. Should circumstances arise, owing to wet weather
where the moisture content cannot be reduced to the required amount by the above
procedure, the work on compaction shall be suspended. Clods or hard lumps of earth
shall be broken to have a maximum size of 150 mm when being placed in the layers
before compaction.
ISSUE
P0
forbidden
(PHASE –II)

11.12 Contractor shall submit all the test results to the engineer immediately after
completion of the tests. A sample shall be deemed to have passed the test when the
dry density of the compacted fill is equal to or more than 95% of its modified
maximum dry density. When field density measurements reveal any soft areas in the
fills, further compaction shall be carried out as directed by the engineer. If in spite of
that, the specified with approved material compacted to the density requirements and
satisfaction of the Engineer.
11.13 If so specified, the rock as obtained from excavation may be used for filling and
levelling to indicated grades without further breaking. In such an event, filling shall be
done in layers not exceeding 500mm approximately. After rock filling to the
approximate level, indicated above has been carried out, the void in the rocks shall
be filled with finer materials such as earth, broken stone, etc. and the area flooded so
that the finer materials fill up the voids. Care shall be taken to ensure that the finer fill
material does not get washed out. Over the layer so filled, a 100 mm thick mixed
layer of broken material and earth shall be laid and compaction is carried out by a 12
tonne roller. Not less than twelve passes of the roller shall be accepted before
subsequent similar operations are taken up.
12. FILL AND BACKFILLING
12.1 To the extent available, selected surplus soils from excavated materials shall be used
as backfill. If any selected fill material is required to be borrowed from outside the
plant boundary, the Contractor shall make arrangements for bringing such material
from borrow pits. The material and source shall be subject to prior approval of the
Engineer. The approved borrow pit area shall be cleared of all bushes, roots of
trees, plants, rubbish etc. top soil containing salts/ sulphate and other foreign
material shall be removed. The materials so removed shall be burnt or disposed off
as directed by the Engineer. The Contractor shall make necessary access roads to
borrow areas and maintain the same, if such access road does not exist, at his cost
12.2 Fill material shall be free from clods, salts, sulphates, and organic or other foreign
material. All clods of earth shall be broken or removed. Where excavated earth is
mostly rock, the boulders shall be broken into pieces not larger than 150mm size,
mixed with properly graded fine materials consisting of murrum or earth to fill up the
voids and mixtures used for filling. Material shall be capable of being compacted up
ISSUE
P0
forbidden
(PHASE –II)

to 95% modified proctor density.

The material shall comply with following soil properties
a) The fines (silt + clay) present in the soil shall be less than 25%.
b) Liquid limit of the soil shall not exceed 50% and plasticity index shall not exceed
65%
c) Free swelling index shall not exceed 50 percent.
d) Shrinkage limit of the soil shall not be less than 35%.
Field density shall not be less than 1.8gm/cc.
12.3 Contractor shall ensure proper drainage in the filling area and care shall be taken
that the water does not seep into the backfilled soil beneath the foundations.
12.4 Filling in pits and around foundations of structures, walls etc,
As soon as the work in foundations has been accepted and measured, the spaces
around the foundations, structures, pits trenches etc shall be cleared of all debris,
and filled with earth in layers not exceeding 15 cm, each layer being watered,
rammed and properly compacted, before the succeeding one is laid. Each layer shall
be compacted to 95% of modified proctor density and to the satisfaction of the
Engineer. Earth shall be rammed with approved mechanical compaction machines.
Usually no manual compaction shall be allowed unless the Engineer is satisfied that
in some cases manual compaction by tampers cannot be avoided. The final backfill
surface shall be trimmed and levelled to proper profile as directed by the Engineer
and as indicated in construction drawings.
12.5 Plinth filling
12.5.1 Plinth filling shall be carried out with approved material as described herein before in
layers not exceeding 15 cm, watered and compacted with mechanical compaction
machines. Each layer shall be compacted to 95% of modified proctor density and to
the satisfaction of the Engineer. The Engineer may however permit manual
compaction by hand tampers in case he is satisfied that mechanical compaction is
not possible. When filling reaches the finished level, the surface shall be flooded with
water, unless otherwise directed, for at least 24 hours allowed to dry and then the
surface again compacted as specified above to avoid settlements at a later stage.
The finished level of the filling shall be trimmed to the level/slope specified.
ISSUE
P0
forbidden
(PHASE –II)

12.5.2 Compaction of the plinth fill shall be carried out by means of 12 tonne rollers smooth
wheeled, sheep-foot or wobbly wheeled rollers. In case of compaction of granular
material such as sands and gravel, vibratory rollers shall be used. A smaller weight
roller may be used only if permitted by the Engineer. As rolling proceeds water
sprinkling shall be done to assist consolidation. Water shall not be sprinkled in case
of sandy fill.
12.5.3 The thickness of each unconsolidated fill layer can in this case be upto a maximum of
300 mm. The Engineer will determine the thickness of the layers in which fill has to
be consolidated depending on the fill material and equipment used.
12.5.4 Rolling shall commence from the outer edge and progress towards the centre and
continue until compaction is to the satisfaction of the Engineer, but in no case less
than 10 passes of the roller will be accepted for each layer.
12.5.6 The compacted surface shall be properly shaped, trimmed and consolidated to an
even and uniform gradient. All soft spots shall be excavated and filled and
consolidated.
12.5.7 At some locations/ areas it may not be possible to use rollers because of space
restrictions etc. The Contractor shall then be permitted to use pneumatic tampers,
rammers etc. and he shall ensure proper compaction.
12.6 Sand filling in plinth and other places
At places backfilling shall be carried out with local sand if directed by the Engineer.
the sand used shall be clean, medium grained and free from impurities.
To the extent possible, Sand filling shall compacted using 12t vibratory rollers. Sand
filling shall be laid in layers not exceeding 150mm. Each layer shall be thoroughly
compacted to 85% of relative density
The filled-in-sand shall be kept flooded with water for 24 hours to ensure maximum
consolidation. Any temporary work required to contain sand under flooded condition
shall be to the Contractor's account.
The surface of the consolidated sand shall be dressed to required level or slope.
Construction of floors or other structures on sand fill shall not be started until the
Engineer has inspected and approved the fill.
ISSUE
P0
forbidden
(PHASE –II)

12.7 Filling in trenches
12.7.1 Filling in trenches for pipes and drains shall be commenced as soon as the joints of
pipes and drains have been tested and passed. The backfilling material shall be
properly consolidated by watering and ramming, taking due care that no damage is
caused to the pipes.
12.7.2 Where the trenches are excavated in soil, the filling from the bottom of the trench to
the level of the centreline of the pipe shall be done by hand compaction with selected
approved earth in layers not exceeding 80mm; backfilling above the level of the
centreline of the pipe shall be done with selected earth by hand compaction or other
approved means in layers not exceeding 150mm. Each layer shall be compacted to
95% of modified proctor density and to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
12.7.3 In case of excavation of trenches in rock, the filling upto a level 300mm above the top
of the pipe shall be done with fine materials, such as earth, murrum etc. The filling up
of the level of the centreline of the pipe shall be done by hand compaction in layers
not exceeding 80mm. Whereas the filling above the centreline of the pipe shall be
done by hand compaction or approved means in layers not exceeding 150mm. The
filling from a level 300mm above the top of the pipe to the top of the trench shall be
done by hand or other approved mechanical methods with broken rock filling of size
not exceeding 150mm mixed with fine material as available to fill up the voids. Each
layer shall be compacted to 95% of modified proctor density and to the satisfaction of
the Engineer.
12.7.4 Filling of the trenches shall be carried simultaneously on both sides of the pipe to
avoid unequal pressure on the pipe.
13. FILL DENSITY
13.1 The compaction, only where so called for, in the schedule of quantities/ items shall
comply with 95% of Modified Proctor density at moisture content differing not more
than 5 percent from the optimum moisture content. The Contractor shall demonstrate
adequately at his cost, by field and laboratory tests that the specified density has
been obtained.
ISSUE
P0
forbidden
(PHASE –II)

14.0 QUALITY CONTROL
14.1 Quality of compacted material shall be controlled through checks on borrow material,
the compaction process or as directed by the Engineer.
14.2 The following tests on soil are required to be carried out from the borrow area to
assess the suitability of soils for general site grading
a) Grain Size Analysis
b) Liquid limit
c) Plastic limit
d) Shrinkage limit
e) Proctor compaction test
f) Free swell index test
g) Oedometric swell pressure test
h) Specific gravity tests
i) Field Density and Moisture content
The test reports shall be submitted to Owner / Consultant for approval and only after
obtaining the approval, the soil shall be used for site grading
14.3 The frequency of testing is indicated below and refers generally to the minimum
number of test to be conducted. The rate of testing shall be increased as found
necessary, depending upon the variability of the materials and compaction methods
employed at the site.
a) Gradation
At least four (4) tests per every 8000m3 of soil.
b) Atterberg’s limit
c) Proctor test
d) Moisture content
At least one (1) test per every 250m3 of soil.
14.4 Except otherwise directed by the Engineer, at least one measurement of density shall
be made for each 500m2 of compacted area. Test locations shall be chosen only
through predetermined random sampling techniques. Control shall not be based on
ISSUE
P0
forbidden
(PHASE –II)

the result of any one test but on the mean value of 5-10 density determinations. But if
there is any doubt about this control or considerable variations are observed between
the individual density, the minimum number of tests in one set of measurement shall
forthwith be increased to 10. The acceptance of results shall be subject to the
condition that the mean dry density equals or exceeds the specified density and
standard deviation for any set of results is below 0.08 gm/cc.
14.5 Field compaction test shall be carried out at different stages of filling and also after
the fill to the entire height has been completed.
14.5 If for any reason it has not been found possible to conduct the minimum number of
tests mentioned above, the test values obtained from fewer tests shall be used only
as an aid to judgement and not as a proof of the quality of work.
14.6 All tests for determination and checking of the specified density shall be carried out
by a qualified engineer in the presence of owner’s Engineer. All tests shall be carried
out in accordance with relevant IS code. Records of all tests shall be forwarded to the
owner before proceeding for the next layer of filling.
14.7 Before start filling, the Contractor shall submit the engineer his proposal for the
methodology to be adopted for compaction. The compaction equipments as
approved by the Engineer shall only be employed to compact the different type
materials encountered during construction. If directed by the Engineer, the Contractor
shall demonstrate the efficiency of the equipment he intends to use to achieve
specified density by carrying out compaction trails. The number of passes required to
achieve specified density shall be arrived at site by field compaction trials. The
procedure to be adopted on these site trials shall first be submitted to the Engineer
for approval.
14.8 All field and laboratory tests shall be carried out by the Contractor at his cost.
15.0 LEAD
15.1 Lead for deposition/ disposal of excavated material, shall be as directed by the
Owner/Engineer. For the purpose of measurement of lead, the area to be excavated
or filled or area on which excavated material is to be deposited/ disposed off shall be
ISSUE
P0
forbidden
(PHASE –II)

divided into suitable blocks as approve by Engineer and for each of the blocks, the
distance between centrelines shall be taken as the lead which shall be measured by
the shortest straight line route on the plan and not the actual route taken by the
Contractor. No extra compensation is admissible on the grounds that the lead
including that for borrowed material had to be transported over marshy or 'katcha'
land/ route.
16.0 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
16.1 All excavation shall be measured net. Dimensions for purpose of payment shall be
reckoned on the horizontal area of the excavation at the base (PCC Dimensions) for
foundations of the walls, columns, footings, tanks, rafts or other foundations/
structures to be built, multiplied by the mean depth from the surface of the ground in
accordance with the drawings. Excavation in side slopes will not be paid for.
Working space provided beyond dimension of base also will not be considered for
payment. The Contractor may make such allowance in his rates to provide for
excavation in side slopes keeping in mind the nature of the soil and safety or
excavation. However, if concreting is proposed against the excavated surfaces, no
such over-excavation will be permitted. In such cases over-excavation shall be made
good by the Contractor with concrete of the same class as in the foundations at his
cost.
16.2 Unless otherwise specified, the unit rates quoted for excavation in different types of
material shall also account for a basic lead of 1000 meter for disposal as specified or
directed. Only leads beyond the basic lead of 1000 metres will be considered as
extra lead and paid for at the rates quoted in the schedules.
16.3 Backfilling, as per specification the sides of foundations of columns, footings,

structures, walls, tanks, rafts, trenches, plinth etc. with excavated material will be paid
separately. It shall be clearly understood that the rate quoted for excavation
including backfilling shall include stacking of excavated material as directed,
excavation/ packing of selected stacked material, conveying it to the place of final
backfill, compaction etc. as specified. As a rule material to be backfield shall be
stacked temporarily within the basic lead of 1000 metres unless otherwise directed
by the Engineer.
ISSUE
P0
forbidden
(PHASE –II)

16.4 Backfilling, plinth filling etc. with borrowed earth will be paid for at rates quoted. The
quoted rate shall include all operations such as clearing the site excavation,
transport, fill, compaction etc. as specified. Actual quantity of consolidated filling or
actual quantity of excavation in the borrow pits (less such top soil which has been
excavated and not used for filling) whichever is less shall be measured and paid for
in cubic metres. The lead, lift etc. shall be as indicated in the schedule of quantities.
16.5 Actual quantity of consolidated sand filling shall be measured and paid in cubic
metres.
16.6 It shall be clearly understood that the rate quoted for excavation shall include
conveying excavated material as directed to the place of final back fill, etc, as
specified.
16.7 Rate quoted for excavation shall also include for dewatering expenses.
ISSUE
P0
forbidden

24-D15 - Grading - Excavation - Backfilling PDF

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Оригинальное название

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

24-D15 - Grading - Excavation - Backfilling PDF

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

2 X 660 MW UDUPI THERMAL POWER PROJEC

UDUPI POWER TATA CONSULTING

2.0 APPLICABLE CODES

1 IS 1200 Method of measurement of building and civil engineering

UDUPI POWER TATA CONSULTING

(Part 28) Part 28 Determination of dry density of soils in place, by

UDUPI POWER TATA CONSULTING

erecting and maintaining of substantial barricades around excavated areas and

5. PRECIOUS OBJECTS, RELICS, OBJECTS OF ANTIQUITY, ETC.

UDUPI POWER TATA CONSULTING

a. Soft and Hard soils:-.

b. Soft and Decomposed Rock:-

UDUPI POWER TATA CONSULTING

UDUPI POWER TATA CONSULTING

however, not without the specific permission of the Engineer.

8. STRIPPING LOOSE ROCK

UDUPI POWER TATA CONSULTING

UDUPI POWER TATA CONSULTING

his own cost or compensate for the damage.

11. SITE GRADING AND FILLING

11.3 Available Earth:

11.4 Earth from Borrow Pits

UDUPI POWER TATA CONSULTING

11.5 CNS Material

The CNS material shall have the following properties.

UDUPI POWER TATA CONSULTING

UDUPI POWER TATA CONSULTING

11.9 If specifically permitted by the Engineer, compaction can be obtained by allowing

UDUPI POWER TATA CONSULTING

12. FILL AND BACKFILLING

UDUPI POWER TATA CONSULTING

to 95% modified proctor density.

12.4 Filling in pits and around foundations of structures, walls etc,

12.5 Plinth filling

UDUPI POWER TATA CONSULTING

12.6 Sand filling in plinth and other places

UDUPI POWER TATA CONSULTING

12.7 Filling in trenches

13. FILL DENSITY

UDUPI POWER TATA CONSULTING

14.0 QUALITY CONTROL

UDUPI POWER TATA CONSULTING

UDUPI POWER TATA CONSULTING

16.0 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT

16.3 Backfilling, as per specification the sides of foundations of columns, footings,

UDUPI POWER TATA CONSULTING

Вам также может понравиться