Module 4: I Follow instructions and understand regulations

4.1. Giving/ following instructions

1. Read the instructions for how to use a washing machine and how to use a
photocopier. What differences can you see?
WASHING MACHINE (Instructions Manual)

1. Put clothes in the washing machine

2. Put washing detergent in detergent compartment. (You
can use liquid or powdered)
3. Add bleach or fabric softener in the proper compartment
4. Choose programme
5. Choose temperature according to the fabric type.
6. Press Start
DO NOT OPEN THE DOOR WHILE ON FUNCTION

We use imperatives to give and follow instructions:

Please, write clearly.
Don’t answer the phone.

PHOTOCOPIER (Instructions Manual)

First, you need to turn on the photocopier power. Then you

put the face of the paper that you want to copy, on the screen
of the copier. Next, you need to select the paper size and
how many copies you want. After that, you push the start
button and the copier starts working. Finally, you get the
papers that you want.

We can also use modals to give and follow instructions:

You must select the paper size.
You have to press the red button.

Instructions are given to do one of three things:

1. Tell people what is necessary.
2. Tell people what is wrong.
3. Tell people what is not necessary.

You (don’t) need to…..

Some expressions used are: You have to….
You must/ mustn’t....
You should/
shouldn’t.....
 Examples:
a. You need to turn on the photocopier.
b. You don’t need to boil the water.
c. You have to put the face of the paper that you want to copy.
d. You must push the start button.
e. You mustn’t press the start button twice.
f. You should put the water into the teapot.
g. You shouldn’t get up too early at weekend.

2. Speaking: Work in pairs. Have a driving lesson.

Student A: You are the driving instructor. Give instructions.

Student B: You are learning to drive. Follow the instructions. Act them out.

Drive forwards. Reverse. Go slowly. Go faster. Slow down. Stop! Turn left.
Turn right. Reverse to the left. Reverse to the right. Turn round. Do a U-turn. To the left. To the right.

2. Now, do the same using modals. Turn round= do a U-turn

4.2. Expressing advice and obligation:

We can use modals to express advice and obligation:

You should visit the doctor. (Advice)
You must study for the exam. (Obligation)

1. Match the columns:

a. I’m getting overweight. 1. You should start a diet.

b. I would like to start exercising. 2. You should drink more water.

c. I want to stop eating fattening food. 3. You should cut down and then stop
eating fats.

d. I can’t resist drinking soda. 4. You should exercise, so your

clothes will fit you.

e. I can’t fit in my casual clothing. 5. You should join a gym.

2. Look and study this chart:
SHOULD MUST HAVE TO

It expresses advices. It expresses strong It expresses obligation and it

obligation. is the most common
Commonly used in writing expression in everyday use.
AFFIRMATIVE including official forms,
I / You signs, and notices. AFFIRMATIVE
He / She/ It should lose AFFIRMATIVE
weight. I / You I / You/ We have to fill in a
We / They He / She/ It must see the form.
doctor. He / She/ It has to come
INTERROGATIVE We / They soon.
What should he do?
Should I go to the INTERROGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
doctor? We usually use have to Does she have to buy a pair
(not must) in questions. of tennis shoes?
NEGATIVE What do I have to do?
You should not eat
candy. NEGATIVE NEGATIVE
should + not = shouldn’t You mustn’t smoke. She doesn’t have to bring
You must not cross the special clothes.
street when the lights is
red.
Must + not = mustn’t
It expresses prohibition:
You must not drive
without a license.

3. Peter went to the doctor because he was feeling sick. Read the conversation and
complete the chart:
Patient: Good morning, sir.
Doctor: Good morning, Peter. How are you?
Patient: Well, not so well. I am having a big problem with my
sleeping. I go to bed at 10:00 p.m. and I watch TV until 12.00 p.m.,
then I fall sleep and wake up at 3.00 a.m., so early in the morning,
and I can’t get to sleep again until 5.00 or 5.30 a.m. and I must get
up at 6.00 a.m. to go to work, but I can’t. Then, I get up at 7.00
a.m. and I arrive late at work. I feel tired all day. So, I take a two-hour nap after lunch and
I am ready to work.
Doctor: How many meals do you have each day?
Patient: I have breakfast, lunch and dinner. The last is the most important one.
Doctor: Why?
Patient: Because it is the biggest and I have it at 10.00 p.m. while I am watching TV.
Doctor: Well, you must stop taking naps after lunch and having dinner at 10.00 p.m. You
have to exercise 2 or 3 times a week. You should have dinner around 7:00 or 8.00 p.m.
You should get up at 6.00 o’clock every day. You have to do some relaxing exercises
before you go to bed. And you must eat a light dinner at night. With these
recommendations, I think you will be OK.
Patient: Oh, thank you doctor. I have to go home now to take a nap because I’m feeling
tired.
Patient’s Activities he Food he Time to get Recommendations
problem should stop should eat up
doing

4. Imagine you’re a doctor. These people need help. Tell them what to do. Use
“should”, “shouldn’t”, “must”, “mustn’t”, “have to” or “don’t have to”
depending on the situation.
a.

I’m really You should go on

overweight! a diet right now!

b.

b. It’s too much

work for me!

c.
c. I have a headache!
d.
d. My son has
temperature!

Oh, it hurts so
e. much!

5. Write some of the obligations a student needs to follow in order to succeed. Use
“must”, “mustn’t” “have to” or “don’t have to”:

4.3. The house: Study the pictures and learn the new words:
1. Parts of the house: Look at the picture, practice the pronunciation of these
words:
2. Inside the house:

Bedroom: Kitchen: Living room:

air conditioner bed cupboard dishes

blankets cupboard dishwasher fridge/ arm chairs

refrigerator garbage
hanger heater coffee table
microwave oven
lamp light bulb fireplace
stove counter
mattress pillow heater
shelves freezer
slippers towel lamps

window dresser sofa/ couch

Study room:
entertainment center

Bathroom:
air conditioner bin
bathtub cupboard Cleaning Supplies
chair desk
bath towel faucet/ tab baking soda bleach
mirror shampoo keyboard metal
broom carpet cleaner
curtains
shower sink mouse papers deodorizer dust pan
soap
plug screen dishwashing detergent
toilet
bookshelf duster garbage or
Dining room: trash bag
Washing room:
Table gloves hose
fabric softener ironing table
laundry -detergent
chairs
laundry soap
mop recycling bin
tissue
washing machine scrub brush sponge
bottle stain remover
iron dryer
cup vacuum cleaner

water dispenser/ machine

pictures/ paintings

3. Match the columns:

Parts of the house
Description

a. Attic 1. Room filled with toys; books and

games; indoor area for kids to play.

b. Bathroom/ washroom 2. Long narrow area that joins one room

to another.

c. Basement 3. Outdoor area in front or backyard;

usually sits slightly off the ground;
often made of wood.

d. Bedroom 4. Room where people sleep.

e. Dining room 5. Ara in the front entrance for hanging

coats and placing shoes.

f. Hallway 6. Room for bathing and using the toilet

g. Kitchen 7. The lowest level of the house.

h. Living room 8. Storage room at the very top of the

house.
i. Lobby 9. Room for baby or young child.

j. Main bedroom/ Master 10. Place for preparing food; sometimes

bedroom has a table and chairs for eating
informal meals.

k. Patio 11. Room with a table and chairs for

eating; in some houses this room is
only used on special occasions.

l. Nursery 12. Room where people work or study at

home.

m. Playroom 13. The largest bedroom in the house;

used by parents.

n. Study 14. Place where family spends leisure

time; often has a TV, also used for
entertaining.

4. Vocabulary: Home duties:

cleaning the bedroom – cleaning the windows – cooking – doing the laundry –
dusting – hanging the clothes – ironing – making the bed – mowing the lawn -
putting away the toys – setting the table – sweeping the floor – taking out the trash –
vacuuming - washing the dishes
 5. Listen and repeat the expressions about household chores:

6. Speaking: Talk with your partner: Which of these house chores do you have to
do every day? Which one should you do? Which ones you don’t have to do?
Then, make a brief report about your partner’s obligations at home.

7. How much do you know about housekeeping? Read the question and choose
the best option:

1. Which of the following is NOT used for cleaning floors?

a. a broom b. a dustpan c. a dishwasher
2. Deodorizer is used to...
a. remove stains b. remove smells c. wash windows

3. A garbage bag goes inside a garbage...

a. a bin b. a detergent c. a hose
4. To fry eggs you would use a...
a. a stove b. a dishwasher c. a vacuum
5. The opposite of messy is...
a. dirty b. tidy c. messy
6. If the toilet water won't go down the drain, the drain is...
a. clogged b. plagued c. bagged
7. Polishing the floors makes them...
a. shiny b. dusty c. organized
8. A pillow goes into a pillow...
a. bag b. towel c. case
9. After the laundry is done, you need to hang or the clothes.
a. stain b. rinse c. fold
10. The largest type of bed sheet is a...
a. single b. queen c. king

5. The Human Body and the Health:

1. Listen and practice:

2. Parts of the head:

Eyebrows
 3. PARTS OF THE BODY : match the words and pictures

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

mouth – moustache – lips – liver –trunk – palm –limbs – teeth – neck – head – lungs-
tongue

4. Multiple choice: circle the correct answer

5. Match the pictures and the words:

6. Health Problems
1. Match the pictures with the words:
Fever - stomach ache – backache – sore throat – cold – tooth ache – head ache

1 2
3 4

6 7
5
2. Use the pictures in activity 1, to ask and answer questions as the model. Work
in pairs.
Example: 1. What’s the matter with her? - She has a sore throat.

3. Match the columns:

1. Sore a. ache

2. Chest b. leg

3. Broken c. rash

4. Sprained d. cough

5. Bad e. throat

6. Stomach f. ankle

7. Itchy g. infection

8. Runny h. nose

4. Practice the pronunciation of the words in the box. Can you complete the chart
below?

5.Arm – aspirin – back – cold – cough - cough mixture – dizzy – faint – feverish – finger
– foot – hand – headache – ill – leg – pill – shot – sick - sore throat - stomach ache –
temperature – tired - toe

ILLNESS PART OF THE MEDICINE HOW YOU FEEL

BODY
6. Look at these dialogues:
Practice using these expressions:
1. A: What’s the matter with you? I don’t feel well.
B: I don’t feel well. I have a pain on my leg.
A: Oh, I’m sorry. I’ve got a toothache.
My back hurts.
2. A: My back hurts. I have temperature.
B: What a pity! I feel dizzy.

3. A: I feel dizzy.
B: Oh, dear!

7. These people need your help. Give suggestions to these problems:

a) I have a headache. You should take an aspirin.
b) I have a cough. Why don’t you stop smoking?
c) I have a cold. You
d) I have temperature.
e) I have a toothache.
f) I’m overweight.
g) I have a stomachache.
h) I feel faint.
i) I feel tired.

Stop smoking – lie down – stay in bed – go to the dentist – get some exercise – drink a lot
of water – eat nothing for 24 hours – take an aspirin – take a nap

8. Think about you and your health! Answer these questions on your own:
1. Do you like doing exercises?
2. How often do you do exercises?
3. Do you like eating vegetables and fruit?
4. How often do you eat fast food?
5. How many hours do you sleep?
6. How many meals do you have a day?
7. How tall are you?
8. How much do you weigh?
9. How often do you have a physical check-up?
10. Do you take vitamins every day?
 8. Reading: Your guide to flu prevention:
The flu (also known as influenza) is an
infectious disease of the nose, throat and
lungs. It is a common illness, but it can be
dangerous for some people.
How can I prevent the flu?
 Stay away from people who are sick.
 Wash your hands regularly.
 Don’t touch your eyes, nose or mouth
if you haven’t washed your hands.
 Get plenty food, of sleep, do regular
exercise, drink lots of water, eat healthy
food.
 Get a flu vaccination every year if you, or someone you live with, fits into one of
the following at risk groups:
 Children aged 6 to 23 months.
 people who have long-term health problems (such as diabetes, heart disease,
or asthma)
 Women who are pregnant.
 People who are over 60 years old, even if they are in good health.

How can I tell if I have the flu? What should I do if I have the flu?

You may have the flu if you have the  Stay at home and rest.
following symptoms:  Drink lots of water.
 Take pain killers to help with
 Sudden fever
aches and pains.
 Feeling cold
 Take a flu medicine from the
 Feeling very tired
pharmacy*.
 Headache
 Don’t take any antibiotics. They
 Dry cough
don’t work against the flu!
 Sore throat
* Talk to your doctor before you give
 Stomach ache
any flu medicine to a child under 6
 Runny nose
years of age.
 When should I see a doctor? AT RISK? GET YOUR FLU SHOT!

 Your fever lasts more than 2 Anny is

Luis 65
going to
days. have a years old

 You have difficulty breathing. baby

 Your illness lasts more than Silvia Mike is

has eight
ten days. months
diabetes
old

9. Answer these questions:

1. Fernando has the flu. What should he do?

a. drink lots of water b. take antibiotics c. get a flu shot d. exercise
2. The purpose of this factsheet is to:
a. sell something b. make you laugh c. give advice d. tell a story
3. The word vaccination in the section titled “How can I prevent the flu?” probably
means:
a. something that causes the flu b. a part of the body
c. a disease similar to diabetes or asthma d. something that prevents the flu
4. Which of the following ages are in an “at risk” group?
a. 1 year old b. 6 years old c. 20 years old d. 50 years old
5. Which of these are all signs that you may have the flu?
a. difficulty breathing, no fever b. headache, very tired, thirsty
c. fever, headache, sore throat d. tired, asthma, runny nose

10. Talking to Your Doctor: Read a conversation between a patient and a doctor.
Sonia does not feel well and goes to see the doctor.
Dr. Smith: Hello, Sonia. How are you feeling today?
Sasha: I don’t feel well.
Dr. Smith: What’s wrong? Can you tell me how you feel?
Sasha: Well, I have a terrible headache.
Dr. Smith: Hmm…Anything else? Does your throat hurt?
Sasha: Yes, it hurts a little. I have a cough too.
Dr. Smith: Do you have a fever?
Sasha: Yes, I have a low fever.
Dr. Smith: It sounds like you may have the flu.
Sasha: Oh, that’s terrible.
Dr. Smith: Don’t worry. I will give you some medicine and you will feel better soon.
Sasha: Okay. Can I go to work tomorrow?
Dr. Smith: No. Stay home tomorrow, get some rest, and drink plenty of juice and water.
Sasha: Thank you, Doctor.
Dr. Smith: Okay, take care of yourself and I hope you feel better soon.

Answer the questions.

1. How does Sonia feel today?

2. What are her symptoms?
3. What kind of illness does she have?
4. What does the doctor tell her?

11. Listen to the conversations and number the pictures from one to six:
What’s the matter?

7. Talking about the future:

1. Read the conversation and answer the questions:

John and his friend Marcos are talking about their next weekend:
Marcos: Hey John! What are you going to
do next weekend?
John: Well, some relatives are going to
come from Lima. My uncle Ricardo,
my aunt Cecilia and my cousin
Rosaura are going to visit Chiclayo for
the first time.
Marcos: Really? So where are you going to
go with them?
John: We are going to visit the Tombs of the Lord of Sipan, we are going to make a
city tour, and we are going to eat to some good restaurant.
Marcos: Oh, that sounds good!
John: Yes, we will go to the Main Square, and maybe we will buy some souvenirs for
their friends. Then we are going to meet some friends at a party on Saturday
evening. It will be a surprise party for them.
Marcos: Oh! You definitely are going to have a great weekend!
John: Oh yeah! I will!
1. Who are talking in the conversation?
2. Who are going to come to visit John?
3. What places are they going to visit?
4. When are they coming?
5. When is the party going to take place?

“Be” + “going to” is used to express future plans.

Use “Be going to”; when you have already decided what to do. You have the intention to
do something.

2. Now, answer the questions about you:

1. What are you going to do on Saturday night?

2. What are you going to do on Monday morning?
3. Where are you going to travel next holiday? _
4. What are you going to wear on Sunday?
5. Are you going to watch TV in the morning? _

3. Put the words in order and write the questions:

1. do – to – birthday – for – your – what – you – going – are -

2. Going – to – is – your – father – next - visit – month - you - ?

3. to – come – are – going – we – Trujillo - to – not –

4. shower – to – going – he – take – is – in the evening – a -

5. Have – when – you – are – party – the – to – going?

4. Stars – Horoscope!

Read the text. Find the following information:

What are the signs of people with birthdays on?

a) December 5th c) October 27th
b) March 12th d) May 22nd
ARIES (March 21-April 19) You will make an important decision. Think on that.
TAURUS: (April 20-May 21) You will find a new job or a promotion if you have one.
Wait! Don’t be impatient. Just wait!
GEMINI (May 21-June 21) You will be brilliant at work. Impress everybody!
CANCER (June 22-July 22) You will be mad at one friend. Try to understand him/her.
LEO (July 23-Aug. 22) You have been waiting for this special date. A person will call
you. Don’t be nervous.
VIRGO (Aug. 23-Sept. 22) You will be too distracted. Wake up!
LIBRA (Sept. 23-Oct. 23) You will be full of energy. A good day to do some sports!
SCORPIO (Oct. 24-Nov. 21) You know what activities bring you joy. So why aren't
you doing them? Stop putting everyone else before yourself.
SAGITTARIUS (Nov. 22-Dec. 21) A long-term relationship is in danger of getting very
boring. Inject some spice, even if you have to invent it.
CAPRICORN (Dec. 22-Jan. 19) All of the problems of the past and your worries about
the future will disappear. You will meet an interesting person.
AQUARIUS (Jan. 20-Feb. 18) Congratulations, this makes you officially the most
popular person in the room because everyone wants to be around the rebellious fun one.
PISCES (Feb. 19-March 20) You have been ultra-responsible for a few days past the
advised limit of ultra-responsibility. Take it easy.
5. Answer the questions:
a) Who is a full of energy person?
b) Who will be happy today?
c) Who will be very absent- minded?
d) Who will have an appointment?
e) Who will receive a phone call?
f) Will people live on Mars in 2140?
g) What will you do next Sunday?
h) What will the weather like next Tuesday?
6. The meaning of "will" future forms: "Will" is usually used in three situations:

SITUATION EXAMPLE
 Volunteering to do something "Will someone open the window for me?"
"I'll do it!"
Deciding to do something "I've made up my mind. I'll go to Whistler for my
vacation."
Forcing someone to do "Dad, I don't want to clean my room!"
something. "You'll do it, and you'll do it NOW!"
7. Complete the sentences with the correct future form:

a. That girl hasn’t studied for her exams. She isn’t prepared. She’s making a lot of
mistakes. She 1 (fail).
b. I don’t know what time my neighbor has to get to his office but I think he
2 (probably -not get) there on time.
c. I haven’t practiced enough for the Talent Show but I 3 (sing) my
song again now. My friends 4 (be) proud of me. I
5 (win) the first prize.
d. 6 (you- help) me do sit-ups?
I’m too tired. I think our workout 7 (be) hard today. I’m sure
it 8 (not be)
e. I - 9 (live) in Paris next year but I 10
(phone) you every week.
f. I’ve bought the tickets. We 11(see) a rock concert together before you
move to Paris.
g. Mum, I 12 (wash) your car. Later, I 13
(clean) the kitchen. Thank you. I’ve just decided that I 14 (bake) us
an apple pie for dessert.
7. Look at the pictures below and make predictions about John Smith:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

8. This is the life map of Frederic Posada. Read it very careful.

HIS PAST:

1965 born in United States of America

1969 go to the Kindergarten next to his house
1972 meet a new girl and became very close friends
1975 travel with his parents to Venezuela
1981 finish studies in a High school in Venezuela
1982 come back his hometown
1983 start studies in the University of Yale
1990 meet his best friend and decided to marry her
1997 have his first son
HIS PRESENT:

 Manage a big company

 Travel all over the world
HIS FUTURE:

 Manage a chain of big companies around the world.

 Have a big family.
9. Write sentences about Frederic Posada’s life. Use past, present and future tenses.

He is now 50. Complete his timeline using complete sentences.

50

HIS PAST HIS FUTURE

2016

HIS PAST:

a. Frederic Posada was born in The United States in 1965.

b. _

c. _

d. _ _

e.

f. _

g. _ _

h. _ _

i. _ _
HIS PRESENT:

a. _

b.

HIS FUTURE:

a._

b. _

8. Inviting, accepting, and refusing an invitation.

A very special date

1. Listen to the dialogue:

Antonio: Hello, this is Antonio Gamarra. May I speak to Cecilia, please?

Cecilia: Hi, Antonio. This is Cecilia.
Antonio: Cecilia, how are you?
Cecilia: Fine, thank you. And, how are you?
Antonio: Fine, thank you. I wonder if you are free this evening.
Cecilia: I have classes from five to seven, and then I’m free. Why?
Antonio: Well, I’m thinking about eating out together, Will you?
Cecilia: Oh, That will be wonderful.
Antonio: So, I’ll pick you up at about 8:00 p.m. Is it OK?
Cecilia: Sure! Albert’s Restaurant

Antonio: See you then. Bye. First Course:

Chicken soup / Mushroom soup
Cecilia: Bye, Antonio.
Second
Course: Rice /

Look at the menu, then listen, and complete the dialogue: Pasta Third
Course:
Fish / steak/ chicken
Waiter: Good evening. Can I help you? Drinks:
Soda/ fruit juice / Coke/coffee
Antonio: Yes, please.

(Addressing to Cecilia)
Antonio Would you like chicken or mushroom soup?
Cecilia: I’ll have soup.
Antonio: I’ll have soup. And then I want .
Cecilia: Yes, I think I’ll have , too.
Antonio: And for my third course, .
Cecilia: I don’t like so much, so I think I’ll have instead.
Antonio: Please, bring me and for the lady…
Cecilia: I’d like as well.

2. Complete the chart:

DISHES ANTONIO CECILIA

FIRST COURSE
SECOND COURSE
THIRD COURSE
DRINK

3. Answer these questions:

1. Who invites Cecilia to dinner out?
2. Is she free this evening?
3. Where are they going?
4. What time is the appointment?
5. Is the restaurant a small one or a big one?
6. How many options are for the third course?
7. Does Cecilia like steak?
8. What does she prefer to eat?

4. Practice these short dialogues:

1. Mark: Let’s go on a picnic. 3. Santiago: I wonder if you have time on

Paul: Sure. Sunday.
Maria: Yes, I’m free. Why?
Santiago: What about going to visit John?
Maria: Certainly.
 2. Charles: Let’s go to the cinema.
Teresa: Oh, I’m sorry, I can’t. 4. Paul: Would you like eating pizza this
I have to study for the evening?
exam. Adela: Mm… I don’t like pizza so much.
What about having “anticuchos”?
Paul: Of course. See you then!

5. Accepting and refusing an invitation:

Accepting and refusing politely may depend on what you

are asked.

1. Read the examples, then practice the expressions:

 Okay. Sounds good.

Would you  No, I'd rather not.
I’d better
like to go see not.  Sure, I'd love to.
a movie? Thanks.
 I'm sorry, but I can't.
 Yeah. Good idea
 No, but thanks for inviting me.

 Yes, please.
Would you like
 No, thank you some cake?
 Sure. Thanks
 Okay. Thank you Yes, please
 No, but thanks for offering
How about some more pie? How about going skiing this weekend?

 All right. Thanks Great. What time?

 No, thanks Sorry. I'm busy this weeken d.
 Looks good. Thanks Sounds like fun.
 I'm really full, Thanks anyway. I don't think I can.
 Don't mind if I do. All right. When and where?
 Looks delicious, but I'll have to pass. How about some other time?

9. Making statements about real world, suggesting hypotheses

1. Zero Conditional:

This kind of conditional is used for certainty. When the condition and the result will
always happen. Examples: scientific facts, and general truths, things which always
happen under certain conditions.

If water reaches 100 degrees, it boils.

If people eat too much, they get fat.

People die if they don’t eat.

You get water if you mix hydrogen and

oxygen.

If babies are hungry, they cry.

IF CONDITION RESULT

Present Simple Present Simple

If you heat ice, it melts.

If clause Main clause

We make a zero conditional sentence with two present simple verbs, one in the
“if” clause and one in the “main clause”.

2. Practice: Complete the sentences using the zero conditional:

1. If I (wake up) late, I (be) late for work.
2. If Julie (not/wear) a hat, she (get) sunstroke.
3. If children (not/eat) well, they (not/be) healthy.
4. If you (smoke), you (get) yellow fingers.
5. If children (play) outside, they (not/get) overweight.
6. If you (heat) ice, it (melt).
7. I (feel) good the next day if I (go) to bed early.
8. Lots of people (come) if Jenny (have) a party.
9. She (buy) expensive clothes if she (go) shopping.
10. My daughter (pass) her exams if she (work) hard.
3. Complete the sentences with the verb in brackets. Use contractions where
possible:
a. If you press that button, the light (turn) on.
b. It’s easier to sleep if you (not/ be) stressed.
c. The teacher gets angry if we (not work) hard.
d. If I (go) on a boat, I always feel sick.
e. His mother gets annoyed if he (be) late.
f. If you (not/ know) a word, you look in your dictionary.
g. They won’t play football if they (not/ have) any homework.
h. If you freeze water, it (turn) to ice.

4. First conditional:

We use the first conditional for real possibility. We are talking about a particular condition
or situation in the future and the result of this condition.

If I see Mary, I will tell her.

If they do not pass their exams, their teacher will be sad.

He will invite Tania if she is free tomorrow.

if CONDITION RESULT

Present Simple will + base verb

If it rains tomorrow, I will be at home all day.

We make a first conditional sentence with a verb in simple present in the “if”
clause and will + the verb in the “main clause”.

Sometimes we use shall, can or may instead of will.

Examples: If it’s sunny this afternoon, we can play
tennis.
5. Practice:

a. If I (go) out tonight, I (go) to the cinema.

b. If you (get) back late, I (be) angry.

c. If we (not/ see) each other tomorrow, we (see) each other next week.

d. If he (come), I (be) surprised.

e. If we (wait) here, we (be) late.

f. If we (go) on holiday this summer, we (go) to Spain.

g. If the weather (not / improve), we (not/ have) a picnic.

h. She (stay) in London, if she (get) a job.

i. If you (help) me with my homework, I (finish) it in time to go

to the cinema.

j. If it (not/ rain), the students (practice) sports in the playground.

7. Second Conditional:

We use the second conditional to express unreal possibility. We are still thinking about
the future, we are thinking about a particular condition in the future, and the result of
this condition. But there is not a real possibility that this condition will happen.

If I married Mary, I would be happy.

If Richard became rich, she would marry him.

If it snowed next July, would you be surprised?

If it snowed next July, what would you do?

If I won the lottery, I would buy a car.

IF CONDITION RESULT

Past Simple would + base verb

If I won the lottery, I would buy a car.

We make a second conditional sentence with a verb in simple past in the “if”
clause and would + the verb in the “main clause”.
8. Practice: Complete the blanks using the correct form of the verbs for the second
conditional:

1. If I (be) you, I (get) a new job.

2. If he (be) younger, he (travel) more.

3. If we (not be) friends, I (be) angry with you.

4. If I (have) enough money, I (buy) a big house.

5. If she (not/ be) always so late, she (be) promoted.

6. If we (win) the lottery, we (travel) the world.

7. If you (have) a better job, we (be) able to buy a new car.

8. If I (speak) perfect English, I (have) a good job.

9. If we (live) in Moscow, I (speak) Russian.

10. If she pass the exam, she (be) able to enter university.

9. Listen and complete the song. Use the correct form of verbs for the
second conditional.

The Second Conditional Song

If you here, I you (Be – kiss)

If you here, I you. (Be - miss)

If you ,I (Be – smile)

If you were here, I a mile. (Be – run)

But you not, you far away (Be – be)

And in the spot I cry all day.

If you a drink, I it, (Want – buy)

If you some coffee, I it, (Spill – dry)

If you sad, I you laugh, (Feel – make)

If you here, the fun . (Be – start)

But you not, you far away (Be – be)

And in the spot I cry all day.

If you were here, I would kiss you.

LIST OF IRREGULAR VERBS

Indicative Simple Past Past Participle

Arise arose arisen
Awake awoke awoken
Be was, were been
Beat beat beaten
Become became become
Begin began begun
Bend bent bent
Bet bet bet
Bind bound bound
Bite bit bitten
Bleed bled bled
Blow blew blown
Break broke broken
Breed bred bred
Bring brought brought
Build built built
Burn burned / burnt burned / burnt
Buy bought bought
Catch caught caught
Choose chose chosen
Cling clung clung
Come came come
Cost cost cost
Creep crept crept
Cut cut cut
Deal dealt dealt
Dig dug dug
Dive dove dived
Do did done
Draw drew drawn
Dream dreamed / dreamt dreamed/ dreamt
Drink drank drunk
Drive drove driven
Eat ate eaten
Fall fell fallen
Feed fed fed
Feel felt felt
Fight fought fought
Find found found
Fit fitted fitted
Fly flew flown
Forbid forbade forbidden
Forecast forecast forecast
Foresee foresaw foreseen
Foretell foretold foretold
Forget forgot forgotten
Forgive forgave forgiven
Forsake forsook forsaken
Freeze froze frozen
Get got gotten
Give gave given
Go went gone
Grow grew grown
Hang hung hung
Have had had
Hear heard heard
Hide hid hidden
Hit hit hit
Hold held held
Hurt hurt hurt
Keep kept kept
Kneel knelt knelt
Know knew known
Lay laid laid
Lead led led
Learn learned / learnt learned / learnt
Leave left left
Lend lent lent
Let let let
Lie lay lain
Lie lied lied
Light lit lit
Lose lost lost
Make made made
Mean meant meant
Meet met met
Mistake mistook mistaken
Misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood
Mow mowed mowed / mown
Overcome overcame overcome
Overdo overdid overdone
Overdraw overdrew overdrawn
Pay paid paid
Prepay prepaid prepaid
Put put put
Read read read
Rewind rewound rewound
Ride rode ridden
Ring rang rung
Rise rose risen
Run ran run
Say said said
See saw seen
Seek sought sought
Sell sold sold
Send sent sent
Shake shook shaken
Shave shaved shaved / shaven
Shoot shot shot
Shrink shrank / shrunk shrunk
Shut shut shut
Sing sang sung
Sink sank sunk
Sit sat sat
Sleep slept slept
Slide slid slid
Smell smelled / smelt smelled / smelt
Sow sowed sown / sowed
Speak spoke spoken
Spell spelled / spelt spelled / spelt
Spend spent spent
Stand stood stood
Steal stole stolen
Sweep swept swept
Swim swam swum
Take took taken
Teach taught taught
Tell told told
Think thought thought
Throw threw thrown
Understand understood understood
Upset upset upset
Wake up woke woken
Wear wore worn
Win won won
Withdraw withdrew withdrawn
Withhold withheld withheld
Withstand withstood withstood
Write wrote written