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,{TITIRE
of the
TR,¿itfS C01VA GR.&IN EI,EVA f OR
.& thesis
Fresented to
the tr"aeulty of Graduate Studies
The University of Manitoba
in Partial tr'ulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Master of $cience in Civit Engineering
'by
lifiichael Bozozuk
lreyE ]'95+
- .{CTNTOI¡fI,E DGEN-LENT S
by
Miehael Bozozub
Synopsisu. G. ( c ( e û c c o o o o o o o o o o o o s o o o € e o o c ø o o
" ooece G 1
Ðescription of the Eleva,tor"o o ó. c o c o c c o o se o ooooo o e 1
The general layouto o o. oo o o e o o o o c o o o o o o. o ooooo 1
The workhouseo. o o o oo 6 o so ooo e o o. o o ô o e o ooo 6o oo o 3
Sixty-Five circltlar binsoe. o o. o ô. c o e o., o 6 o. oo 3
Nature of Failuf€ouo o. o.. o c o o o o ô o ô. êo ô.oo o o o o c o o o o 4
Storagec o ô c c ô o o c . e o . o o . o ., o o c o o . c . o q o o, ê o o o o o 4
Calculatioxl,.eooooo o oo o oe oo oo o o o. o. êo o o ó o o 6 oo o 6
CTTAPTER TT
Discussion
Soils Description and ClassificatioRo n o. ocooo c. eo. 43
Remoldin$n, c. . o . . . .. . o. r . o . . c . . . . . o o c c c a , c e . . . o o o o 44
CohesioÌ1 .. e. ô o o. . .. o . o c .. o. . e o c o e o o o o c o e o. o . !. o o o o 45
ultimate Searing capacityo o ø. o.. o o. c. oc o o e o.. o eo oo 46
Thg Prandtl-Suisman Solutioncooo oeoo.. co.o ooo +6
the Fellenius Solutiofluu ocoe oo. c..o oo. o. occôo 47
The Terzaghi Solutiollo o o o o c o c q o o c o o c o. e o oc coo 47
Cause of rtailurg'.. o o. o.o o o co ó o. o o o. o. o oo o. e o o o öoo 47
consolidation Curveso c s o o o. o.. c o c c. c c o. c eo o c...o o. 4å
Funpinge o s o c ô o o o. o o. o o o.. o è o ø o ô o ø ø eø øe @o o e oeøoo ooo 48
Conclusiong o . o . . c o o o o o o c o o o . c o o c o o o e o o o o o. c o ¿ o c o o e 49
Bibliographyco o o o o o c o o o o o e o ê o o o o o s c ó o o e o e o øø. cø ø øø 5o
IIST OT' FIGT]RES
CEAPÏ'SR T
S]ÍI{OPSTS
H5 --¿
+ +q
BINHOUS E
l. HI H4
+ +
ló
+
DRYER
HOUSE
WORKHOUSE
tt
ti
il
li
ii
ii
ii
ll
tl
t1
ii
il
it
ii
ii
il
ii No
Pro ir le ti
Upheovol -
Level *2' rì
ii f' z^/¿N,-
' / '.,ì)
//
T=Tunnel t-/
/-\
Hordpon -, ¡7 n' Poss¡ble Sheor Z one
4.- -- .
riÇ .'
2"o -J
Eldv,-41 . ' E lev -44..9'
F ig. Zb
\^
Ò
1
Ao "411aire, The Failure and Righting of Million Bushel
"4"
';ft:
.t:
'li;
,1,
: '1.
'ß.
,ll
a,:.,,1.::'...
'.:ttalLa:r
::.:a!at(),rj
A*',.t:.ia.
ta|ti .,
CHAPTER II
TIIEORYa BEARING CAP.ACITY OI' COTIESTIIE ,5OIIS
9u=NuP¡lNcclNsib
2
Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Soil
lfechanics and Sound.ation Engineering. pp 63-65, Vol, 1,
Lg+8
"
//¿/ a-//t// _:/¿ : /
{o)
F-'-l
(Ð
]i/here ¿
ïfihere ¡
rtan. þ 2
Nb
= e tan.(T / L)
42
r tan. / ttan. þ
Nc = e 2cos.ó / (e -l)cot.ó
1 - sín.þ
ft I øn?(!_ I L) /.
Ns=11--_ + ? f3tan.þ tan"(Tr-/-L) tlr
BL, lg(ø"?6) \ 4 2 '
3.t
ì"'""ó ¡ 3 tan./ / ran. (T I
" +,)I
?
Qu=Pbl2C ( r-a)
If Pb=0,
then gu = 2C ( r-n)
11,
Pb = jz and
bec omes
= jz { zc
9u (2"¡
The Ee11e4¿us Sollrtion3 ass ume$ thåt the surface of
sliding is circular , fig. 5. lellenius thus obtained an
expression for the ultirnate bearing capacity of a- soi1" X'or
long surface footings and highly cohesiye solls he obtained
the simplified expressione
Qu= 5.5 C (3)
Tefq3ghi Solution
r prês€nts the commonly used ultimate
-nearing capacity f,or soi1s. He å"ssumes that fa.il ure occurË as a
-=---.-àòll-l
i
l--]r-
Too
'l
Of
,-. Fill. Elevotion T LO Top Of Fill Fie'¿otio¡+ t.4
+ -
1l
li
il
I il
ìf r{ -:i -.L]-
--,--,'. ---l--]-- Plmping At Elcvotion - 33 ó
Droinoge To This L-evøi.
a.
Pp=
ffitron, I n%n) /t¡szffi"r,
Combiníng with (6),
Qd = a¡G( *'oo I tan.6) I zyo Koq
cos1ó ' cos?ó
= 2BCNG I Æ-q-Nq
where 6
= 2B,j3Nj
L7"
butq=jzrthen
Q,¿ = eB(€Nc I izuq / i¡Nj) (ro)
The coefficients Nçr Nq, Nj are the bearing capacity
factors for shaltov¡ continuous footings and d.epend. only on
the angle of shearing resistance 6. texzaginí has plotted
these values on a graph sinplifying computations of bearing
values. $uch a graph is shown in fig " |(aJ "
3or highly cohesive soils anð- ó s O r we get
Nc = lrr l t = 5,?n *n te *j= o
=
with z = 0, Q¿= 23 x (5,7C I ¿z)
and. bearing capacity per unit of a-rea qd. = 5.7C / j^ (ff)
For a perfectly smooth footing base¡
Nc = T( / Z = 5.t+, Nq = le Nj : 0
CHAPTER TTT
WTG.{TTqU
A programme of obtaining undisturbed soil samples and
laboratory testing was und-ertaken to perroit verification of
bearing capacity theories of large footings on c1ay. Permig-
sion ïllas granted by the Canad-ian Paeific Railway Company to
drill on their lranscona Elevator property while the National
Research Council of Canadae Division of Build-ing Research
aesisted financially. Equipment fror¿ the Manitoba Government
Highways Bra.nch was used and soil sa,mpling commenced on
October 2L, L95Zo
I'ïEI,D ljIiORK
_-- Yloler rn ie t
* Attochmcnt Thrao ds
Drill Rods
lnc h
ïhin Wolled Sompling Tube Wosfr-Wotcr Corrying Siudge
& Sorl Cuttings To Su¡fæ,c
Wotcr Outiet
il
ELEVATION
Cutting Ëdge
il
,Toecred
SAMPLING TUBE .FISHTAI¿
& BALL VALVE DRILL HEAD METHOD OF
(o) (u) ADVANCING HOLE H
\o
é
FIG 8
h.q
20.
HOLE. 7 HOLE. 4.
FtG. to.
22 ".
I.ABCBÅTOP,Y-\T.ORK
CHAPTER IV
REËUI_TS
suMMARy SHEET TEST H OLE NO: --.*.6- -. --- PROJECT---f9¡¡ndo-tio¡- Jqvg-s*!þ9ti9-¡-,. SOIL MECHANICS LABORATORY
C IVIL ENGITIEERIT{G DEPARTMENT l.¡J
Loc Ar I oN : . ]-RANSC9¡{A- 9R¿tU- Ell-yA-r9.8}. - -9.cs- Plo¡--. ---
qr rÞtr^¡^tr trr trvÀTrôN'+O.9 UITIVERSITY OF MANITOBA 0
FORT o
PLOTTED BY !¿ _gp¿ozpE DATE: APRII= cHEcKED BY: A.UBACOS- oatE GARRY MAt{llOErA
-19s3-- -
I trj PARTICLE S IZE UNCONFINED L
Þ MOISTURE CONTENT þ
fL
J-l DISTRIBUTION STRENGTH PS.E
-t¡. PERC ENT DESCPIPTION AND REMARKS û.
rlj oo PERCENT o o t¡J
o (^ct o o o o o ô
o- o o
g ooooF (f¡
'No
o oo
3 s I o o m.ct€orY o r\t
Llrl +11 -t ts¡r- f{i., .rii
0 tii'¡ I v rlll 1
il. E1l .ri. li,] 't l.i.i: I
r' i- li,i
J:r. ì I,t iii ¡Ì'l I ir1 lil m ari ;!i i7 ¡++: i,r ;1 i+i¡ ìl{1
-F iilt lli i .i;. # Fill Moteriol. Mixcd Brown c Grcy
J.ìi , iTi t+1 l- T.l:. iflr ||-ê
lj Li :il.i ìi irirl tr1. I i-r i i t-i
't+- l V Ll 11 I ttl ìt t. -t¡l
!1r l
rlil- lil ili1 iil fii ü .l:ll t. tti jr
j'.Ì1 I H i'j+ ]r1 ;ì f{ i.ìlI ¿ li1 tli
{ ¡.il 1 :fI ,fi ]i jJl Silty Cloys And Orgonic Mattc[.
fi r1 + ¡i{ì: :l ]1i 1 ;r;1 i1 I iiii Ì1+ i+ii rJ
l-tiì 11 i1i i'1 I ll l lll itH
J+i-4 7 irT4 iLi !! [Hit üi ii"il lrll +i
'iI tåi ¡11 !il ili l1u i-tlj
. l1JL i++l fil.'! 'I i+ .l i i.Ì 1:' ï r1; ritl L¡]ì
'¡11 E] j'1, !1 lr
litl iil
, .i-l ti
ì! ii1 #t.
ili t+i+ 1il lìi i
iii1-l ¡ r ia -l¡ iì iil 1T, 1.1 n riii ì:ì I tri. i 1ii
f
to +ff 11 r' ir+t tîti I iil: :1, 1: Stiff Brown Vorvad .Cloy With
Iv El-i íl il
ili l ll il.I jlr F ¡lr r+i .i I r: ffiIl -+ iï r.F r]1 it
ljj i\i.l I I'ii,i
:*1
Ìr-: ll ilrli 1-' |.r.
lri ]
..ffi
ú l+ i11iì t üi
i:,1 j t ++
ri
rì: I ILr Dcposits Ot Srnoll S¡lt Pockats.
il ;î;
Ì11 i Ir fJ- I tiil ir¿ i ¡.1. i,r Iti ,.i
'lti
.l+ rll 1ì: !!, .:l 'i]
i{ lill 11 ffi iit
:ì¡l .: t¡ 1ir r!|,
.f.ri 1-l ii itl
+H-i ilii il iÄ irr
î1rÎ
-' LJ] :]J :t ¡ T:ì ;ì:l ! :t l.ì-t ll.: : l t1. -ii Thin Strotq OJ Silt Prcscnt.
l,¡.i I Jtïrïf;i rJi ü t ii ¡ iii ,!i
+l+ ;1-t it1 l.
F i.l i;i trr ,ii
È¡r I
liiil illii ¡ rl 1T.
lili ir-
,it fi !ì-;{/ .+ tl Smoll Li me,stonc Pcbblcs And
I ffJ t{tt 1i1 i1 iil i irjl I iij
¡ {r'l-l 1: *lt
r-; iTtr l-: i1.: l I
1ì rrl iÌ,'J J:
20+# l+r iififiiï ff ili
iiî.
ir ¡,1 |l +i H
liH Itr zË r'+Ti r t.i ;l :11 i,: Sond Found Also.
+r-;i ':1 Ì I.l r r1 jjìi ir.1 iÌ1
iff rHi+ ffi 1+ t,ïtï i+li ,l;.1t LL''i :i: i ::1.
H1t
i-r.i_-
i i. f.ì
r iÌr 'i.Ì.
! i-.1 l+ #ili, ¡ L.l r +;l lt | ¡-¡
t' l:.t i.rl l, jj
ffi rgir i-a
iH l-t: -ili,l
-:j :f
ñffi iI I ':f
l-fr rtlli it$: ifHJ ú 'I
|il ffi fiï 14 fiI
_i_-t_L I L -ll. l¡.1
,lr-1 r iTl:!Ii I ;1'+j i-fl :! : i:i iri.¡ rl
1#1 {,, I !; id+ lir r ix illi I
:¡.Ìi
ii h
iJt:li iH I -I ;+ ¡ìfl ilir i+ I'i Ir. i ¡.¡ll ìit¡ l-l tì- il
ir ¡lq
CL -:i:
ñ i.ll-iTf: i:rt l. j+t
ür_ ;; il; +41 Fal ],I l.j;l '1
,+H ijlr Ìi:i ,l
ts Ji ,x r¡ll i.1: :l_ Vì: fr .r;11
ilt i1_ril 1_Litr h]IJ Mcdlum StiíÍ Dork Grey Cloy.
il¿! l Li: lj il
r'i.t;
30ct¡l -i.i .lr 11 ir.X .lri
'ffi
-#i It sFr iln
¡..+'1
'ã.¡ ìi1
n i:l :ìii
t
iiÌ rlþ r 1!t, ffi
r-1iij ì+ J'f5 H riil
iii ì;ij
l¡'li itfl ììFi: ,#
ffi ft n i:ï: ì
l ral :r1-r t].l i
r l -l.l
Ir: ii:t¡ l:i] i L:.,t Jl '.i+i -; lÌ
.H,t +i Somc Lorç Sitt Pockcts And Stoncs,
ì lil I 111 1
ïtil l1 i!]f l-+t +t rlii i.'*i i;: ti1 :!,i i !iil !:1
ät !+.
.ll+{ riì :I ;ti i ' li:
- +s1 11i'j IJJ I l-t' r ì ijl
fti 1i:i fl I r"i
rll nl i1 -1!'. '' i l.i iiii ih i;ll
ttü i-¡l ì
.1 v "Ill ril :,ú
ült -l]r1 w ii. lil l l¡:. ,t
Érri rli ;i-ÌrT Lì.i.
:. ¡.9
-ú IllJ Iiti
Hl¡ ¡
,+Ë
l.rfl ¡l T.H ,t 'irli
-t-i. Grey Silty Cloy With Sond And Stones.
Hf -:*J ì,8 l-r' .i.¡ + ¡
üT iiii Æ! iil; ].jt Cri -!l. :ui
40+# 'ltt
r1l+
lfi¡ l,J,r iirj
:1 hl
J+ il.¡ l-!f. I tr
iilJ f1l +1 S¡lt Sond. Grovcl And Loro¿ Stoncs
*-l H il$ ii# 1:Ì. È iì:, i {-l ir! lr Lt
ilii jiil
U iri Itii ll ¡-L
lij 1ì
:r.' .1.,.i I f-i I l-
1
l+t- 11it iïi1: r¡-: i+g l:. 1îrj l-! fi l: Top Of Hordpon
ffi ;li+ ir11 ;L i! ll iT I:I il.
{
Itü ìfä ili+ Hi1 ffi HTI a. 1 ijj titi :Ì ii ll:l rlri.fÌ i ili ti4 Iil¡ i l,i it I tf
ttË Ll-+. #r+ f++r I iitl-
.-dJ IJ iui iì i1 ri 1
f+l ff11 ;!:l t
11 i-i- ¡L,¡ i-l¡ ; !:l t+ii
_t1r- i:f ril ¡tÌï :::l
ij
ft lgdl HJ ll iiI lt rJ1 I11rfl-t lï11 ì.11-i
li lji;
-Eil iri lr-t; i t lr f: ;[] .i':
, ,s¡ -U11
j-]]' ll ¡irr tir i !, !l +]IJ
ilFr ftii, tlll
+il ++-1-+ lii -rI ili i i.i :1.i1 1 :t f I
iil. +,i ifi Ëii
!-ft 1 Ll4 n.Ìtl iiH' {ii Ëiii iili-
¡.,ffi
iiij E1
soËl
h:H ++ Ì'lÌl {it-t +j lr-; ür-! ilr,t ; i]Ì i,1 r Ul 1 j'ï!-i ll.l
ü1 it ra1] .'l 1l itr Li'l,' fl+ rri t iil itLl iif 11t ]i.ii :r rlllt:ti 'l ;-:fl H¡
Jll illì iil
+ L l-t: 't
L. fi n
1iJ H# I il ti lil lf j
H fi ii I Fh i,+fr ffi ll liil iti
+jij rl 1¡_il rll-!. 'lh trrl ;.:r,{
I ilfr Ft1 llI +;l *id
11. thi l jr 1
l#,* ffi +fl !++ j1+r
'.ìjj Lï llri Iii r.1J -l-r
H] 1.Þl1 +i+ ]-lJ-l iiii lf it ;+Í ;:-i.i
-r+{} -.i I ì I.i. i
*#- ri.r{
I i1 ¡r r I rL!1,
ltti 1-r rJ ¡ ül 1rfi 'ril I
il ¡t ¡- trTl iË
f+ i. iÏ iil#111 t-,frliiËl !lx fji l l::1: 1i tr-li rll i i:t¡ ,i:Ì:ii H !1+1+ ¡¡ì
SUMMARY SHËET TËsT H OLE NO:--l- PROJEcT_FgtulEg_tllut _.lnvcrtiggtlqn- __ SOIL MECHANICS LABORATORY
LocAr loN: r*RANqloN-A-- -EBA!N- _Ll€yAro¡r_ _9cg_ Piqo_.._ t;¡.1
C IVII. ENGIÌ{EERIHG DEPARÎMENÎ lJ
suRFAcE ELEVATTON: i !-J * NgÏ_E:_Ll_Ltq_u.id--Líqit;_f u.p]s_sus _L¡rlr_t._ UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA 0
--*- -_ _
piott.Eoì' By:-M. lo¿qz-uK-
-- DATE:IPBIL CHECKED s/:ô.qAEAceS_ o¡rE *t9s3_ _ _ FORT GARRY T¡ANITOEA
-
University of j'ranitoba
"
Civil Engineering Department FiIe No, " ".1
Pro ject F@ndaticru Tnve,stigaËLon
Soil Testing Laboratory Test Flole ""1 "" õ.È,ùÞÞo
Fort Garry, Ivian, Ðate Submitted "f953
!¿EORATORY TEST SUru,, HEET
!''
University of liianitoba File No, .,..3".
Civil En6ineering Department Pro jss¿Fg¿r.d?Q{on.
Soil Testing Laboratory TesË HoIe """J.-
Fort Garny, Ivian" Ðate Submitted
!¿lontronv rpsr su¡u. I{EET
I Assumed Values
University of iiianitoba FiIe No, "-..k
Civil Engineering Department Pr o j e c t FpU $d.At¡"on, &lqeS,tigatien
Soil Testing Laboratory Test Hole .".¿¡,. ôrÈtÞùÞ.
Fort Garry, Ivian" Date Submitted .,1951. ¡. õ, Þ ù
Remolding Evident
ßAssumed Values
University of liianitoba
Civil Engineering Department
Soil Testing Laboratory
Fort Garry, Ivlan,
i,AEORATORY
Ditto-with abundant
Stones
E A.ssumed Values
University of l':anitoba File No" " ".. " 7..
Civil En,3ineering Department Pro jectFowdation Jrry.esÞigtion
Soil Testing Laboratory Test Hole , ",,7.. it ù ö r o r ò. o o
Fort Garry, Ùian" Date Submitted 1953.,õõÈ,¡
!¿lOnlrOnY fBSt Su¡¿l'I HEET
o
Ë
v
LO
ô
õ
''' NorE:
o.5
LO loo
PRESSURE. l.À¡
Vu'' \o
ó
TABT,E E
COHESTON P.S"TO
Ðepth notu-l ¿ 3 4 Ã
Feet 6 7
5 L.g
10 7,2 5.8 5.5 5"5 6,8 6,!
L5 6"j 6.7 5"8 8"2 5.6 4.1
ll
6"0
a0 -fl
7,7 7"6 5"9 6"8 9"6 7.7 7,6
25 8,5 7.6 6.4 6.4 g.6'o 7"7 7"4
3o 6"9 6,? 6"L 6,9 6.0 7.7 4"5
3' 5"+ 5.0 5"+ 3.1 5.2 4,3 2?
J oJ
4A 2.0 4"0 2"9 3.0 3"0 3"3 3"0
45
"åverage
of Top 7 "03 6.+8 5.85 6
"L5 5,go 6
"95 5.82
35',-
- These figures exclud.ed from calculations because they are too extreme,
(r) Minimum cohesion (nore Z) 5"82 posui"
(Z) Cohesion (average hotes a and T) 6.04 p.Êoi.
(3) Coheeion (average all holes) 6.30 p" s. i "
(4) Cohesion (average of holes !r213u516) 6"+2 p.s.io
(5) Xdaximum cohesion (frote t) 7.o3 Posni"
-A"verage wet density of top 12 feet of soil Io7 tus/rt. 3
4]-"
TÂ3L,8 9
Hole .&verage
Grouping Cohesion p"on io Frandtl-Suisman tr'el1enius Terzaghl
.pos,f, pos.f, PoSofo
i
l:.
.?
iJ:
./:
42.
CT{APTER V
DTSCU,SS]ON
JL da:rk grey
silty clay¡ softer than the overlay materialr
is found wÍthin the fotlowing L5 feet, rt is composed of +o/o
clays 507å silt, 87å sand., and 2{o grave] , The moisture eontent
varies ftoro 4Or/o to l!fi'. on the plasticity chart it comes uncler
the sane classification as the brown crayu that is, an inorganic
highty plastic cIay. Values of plastic limit and. liquid lirnit
are 25{o and lJ/o respectively"'
+8,
"
RE¡IOLÐTNG
COTÍBËION
seen that it falIs far short of the 6t5O psf at whieh the
elevator failed,
47.
coNqoLIpATIQN CnRVEg
The purposeof the consolidation tests was to verify
the soil cl:.p.racteristics. The curves in figure Lz point
out the variation in the compressive ind.exe swelling
pressureÊr and pre-eonsolidation Loads with depth, for a
hole located outside the affected area. The sr,velling pressure
and compressive index decreages with increasing depthe
indÍcating that the material is softer and contains more silt.
The pre-consolid.ation load. does not forlow any apparent
pattern. lifith these curves, it Ís possible to calculate the
settlement the building would have undergone had. failure not
occurred "
PÜMPTNG
coNgtusroNEf
srBtroGEAPITY
Volume le 1948,