INTERNSHIP REPORT 2010 E.

DECLARATION
I want to declare that this internship report is the internship report which I was prepared myself
during my internship time in Addis pharmaceutical factory in 2010 E.C. I was justified here by
my signature that this technical report is not copied from another report but it is my effort that
worked out during my internship duration.

Date

Supervisor:____________ signature: _____

Mentor:_______________ signature: ______

Student:_______________ signature: ______

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PREFACE

This internship report contains the work done during my internship time for four months from
October till January which I did in Addis pharmaceutical factory in Ethiopia, Eastern Tigray,
Adigrat town under the monitor of Mr. Yemane and Mr. Brhane. As introduction of this
document the accurate history of the company was explained and following to this all the
experience which I have gained during the internship was included in this report.

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AKNOWELEDGEMENT

Even if I have not power, I would like to thanks for my God who give me not told gift in all
circumstance.

Next whatever activity can not accomplish alone in desired manner, so I would like to forward
my deepest thanks to all the electrical engineers’ who works in Addis pharmaceutical factory for
their uninterrupted willingness to help me what I want regard to the practical skill.
Here again I would like to thanks to all Addis pharmaceutical factory workers for their
willingness that showed me the working principle of some machines in the place where they
intended to operate.
Finally, I fill happiness when I throw my heart thanks to the department of electrical and
computer engineering for their activity that attached me to the industrial linkage to improve my
practical knowledge.
At the end I would like to thanks to my Advisor Marshet (Ms.c in electrical power
engineering) who guided me and by supervised this document he offered me a comment.

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This paper is the technical report that I was prepared in my practical attachment at Addis
pharmaceutical factory.

This internship document contains the accurate history of the Addis pharmaceutical factory
which is found in north of Ethiopia, Tigray region, Adigrat town which manufactures about
ninety one (91) different medical drugs and this document holds the values I have refined in that
company for the duration of time that allotted to be taken.

Also here in this internship report, the overall internship experience gained in terms of
theoretical knowledge skills, practical skills, team plying skills, team leader skills, interpersonal
communication skills and entrepreneurship skills etc. are presented.

Finally here in this document not all but a few of electrical equipments which are frequently used
in Addis pharmaceutical factory and in another factory are written here in this report.

Lastly since in Addis pharmaceutical factory most of the electrical machines are motors, this
document contains some frequently problems that happen with motors and the best
troubleshooting solutions to be taken.

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Table of Contents
DECLARATION ................................................................................................................................................... i
PREFACE ............................................................................................................................................................. ii
AKNOWELEDGEMENT ...................................................................................................................................iii
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.................................................................................................................................. iv
List of figure ....................................................................................................................................................... vii
List of table ........................................................................................................................................................viii
List of abbreviation .............................................................................................................................................. ix
CHAPTER ONE ................................................................................................................................................... 1
BACKGROUND OF ADDIS PHARMACEUTICAL FACTORY ....................................................................... 1
1.1. Background of the hosting company ......................................................................................................... 1
1.2. Vision of the company ............................................................................................................................... 2
1.3. Mission of the company ............................................................................................................................. 2
1.4. Core values ................................................................................................................................................ 3
1.5. Main products and services........................................................................................................................ 3
1.6. End users of the company .......................................................................................................................... 7
1.7. Over all organization and work flow ......................................................................................................... 7
CHAPTER TWO ................................................................................................................................................ 11
OVERALL ENTRNSHIP EXPERIENCE .......................................................................................................... 11
2.1. The way I was got into the company ........................................................................................................... 11
2.2. Section of the company I was worked in ................................................................................................. 11
2.3. The work flow of the section and the task I was executed ....................................................................... 11
2.4. Methods and procedures I have been used............................................................................................... 12
2.5. Fault analysis of induction ....................................................................................................................... 14
2.5.1. Electrical equipment’s which I used in APF ..................................................................................... 18
2.6. FORWARD REVERSE MOTOR CONTROL ........................................................................................ 23
2.8. Faced challenges and measurements taken .............................................................................................. 23
CHAPTER THREE ............................................................................................................................................ 25
OVERALL INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE GAINED ........................................................................................ 25
3.1. Improving practical skills ........................................................................................................................ 25
3.2. Upgrading theoretical knowledge ............................................................................................................ 25
3.3. Interpersonal communication skills ......................................................................................................... 25
3.4. Team playing skills .................................................................................................................................. 26
3.5. Leader ship skills ..................................................................................................................................... 27
3.6. Understanding work ethics ...................................................................................................................... 27
3.7. Entrepreneurship skills............................................................................................................................. 27
CHAPTER FOUR............................................................................................................................................... 28

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CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION .................................................................................................. 28

4.1. Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................... 28
4.2. Recommendation ..................................................................................................................................... 28
Reference ............................................................................................................................................................ 30

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List of figure
Figure 1. 1:-organizational structure of APF until division head levels ......................................... 9
figure 1. 2:- power flow of APF ................................................................................................... 10

Figure 2. 1:- work procedure of electrical section ........................................................................ 12

Figure 2. 2:-:- an induction motor ................................................................................................. 14
Figure 2. 3:- contactor ................................................................................................................... 18
Figure 2. 4:- Relay Design ............................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 2. 5:- relay.......................................................................................................................... 19
Figure 2. 6:- Overload relay` ...................................................................................................... 20
Figure 2. 7:- Circuit breaker.......................................................................................................... 20
Figure 2. 8:- Fuse .......................................................................................................................... 21
Figure 2. 9:- transformer ............................................................................................................... 22
Figure 2. 10:- frequency converter................................................................................................ 22

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List of table

Table 1. 1 :- production capacity..................................................................................................... 3

Table 1. 2:- Registered drug administration .................................................................................... 5

Table2. 1:- fault analysis of any motor ....................................................................................... 15

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List of abbreviation

APF………………………… Addis Pharmaceutical Factory

EEPCO……………………….Ethiopian Electric power corporation
Poc 01………………………...power control 01
HRM …………………………human resource management
PM …………………………....product management
FM…………………………… financial management
MED…………………………. .Maintenance engineering design
GM …………………………….general manager
PFC……………………………..power factor correction
MP & WHM………………… ....material planning and warehouse management
R& D………………………… research and development
QCM…………………………….quality control management
G.C ………………………………general capsule
EFFORT………………………….Endowment Fund for the Rehabilitation of Tigray’
WHO ……………………….......World Health Organization
HPLC …………………………….High-performance liquid chromatography

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CHAPTER ONE
BACKGROUND OF ADDIS PHARMACEUTICAL FACTORY

1.1. Background of the hosting company

Addis Pharmaceutical Factory Share Company (APF) is the largest and high-tech pharmaceutical
plant in Ethiopia; which is located in northern part of Ethiopia, in the town of Adigrat, Tigray
Region - 898km from the capital and at an altitude of 2280 meters. The project was launched in
June 1992 with working capital worth approximately birr 300 million. The company started its
operations in 1997 with major shareholding of EFFORT; an organization engaged in Factory is
in operation since March 1997.

The company has been manufacturing more than 91 high quality pharmaceutical products of
different therapeutic categories including Antibiotics, Gastro-intestinal

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drugs, Central Nervous system drugs, Cardiovascular drugs, anti diabetic agents, Antihistamines
& Anti allergic, Antihelminthics, analgesics, Antiprotozoals, Respiratory drugs, dermatological
sand Minerals & Vitamins and Large volume Parenterals; in various dosage forms.
The company has more than nine production lines and fully equipped laboratories as well as
utilities capable of producing tablets, capsules, syrups/suspensions, dry powders for
reconstitution, injectable vials, liquid injectable ampoules, creams and ointments which can
generally be categorized as non_betaLactam products [Tablets, Capsules (General),
Syrups/Suspensions, Ampoules (Sterile), Ointment (sterile)] and beta -Lactam products [Vials
(Sterile), Capsules and dry powders for reconstitution](1) .

1.2. Vision of the company

 To be the country’s most valued company to patients, customers, employees and
investors.
 Leader in quality, sales, price and stakeholder satisfaction.
 The overall vision of APF is serving the citizen as a desirable model, able to
continuously and successfully compete in the global market and involved in
sustainable progressive development, providing safe, effective and affordable
medicines both in sufficient quality and quantity to satisfy the current and future need
of the society (1).

1.3. Mission of the company

 It aims to satisfy his customers’ needs by providing quality & effective medicine at
affordable price.
 It aims to satisfy his customer needs by providing both in quality and quantity
effective medicine at reasonable profit and maximize the wealth of effort endowment
in partnership with other development across and activity participating in economic
activities that ensure regional and national development.
 It aims to be one of the leading and progressive pharmaceutical factory and health
care product manufacturing plants in Africa (1).

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1.4. Core values

 Be innovative and resourcefulness.

 Be learning organization.

 Promptness in problem solving.

 Focus on end user of APF’s products.

 Inculcating companywide quality culture.

 Operate with honesty and integrity (1).

1.5. Main products and services

The quality and dosage forms conform to the standard set in USP and/or BP. The Entire
production process is also in line with the principle of ‘Current Good Manufacturing practice’ set
by the World Health Organization (WHO).Quality control department has built up a Good
Laboratory Center that guarantees the quality for all products supplied.
The quality control department is equipped with the latest Analytical technology
instrumentations such as a computer Aided HPLC and spectra photometer. Highly qualified
professional with enough expertise on the instrument, monitor the whole production flow.
Products and production capacity of APF

APF is able to produce 91products-Tablets, Capsules, Vials, Am poules, Syrups, suspension and
Elixir and Dermatological preparations. The efficiency of the high-tech machineries and the
skilled man-power play important role to the production capacity.

The production capacity by each production line is:-

Table 1. 1 :- production capacity (2)

The production capacity by product line

Wet line – 1 70000 – 210000 Tablets/hr

Wet line – 2 70000 – 210000 Tablets/hr

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Dry line 70000 –210000 Tablets/hr

CAPSULES:

General capsules: 252000capsules/hr

B -Lactum capsules: 138000capsules/hr

VIALS:

7cc 9000vials/hr

20cc 3200vials/hr

SYRUP AND SUSPENSION:

30ml 6000 Bottles/hr

60ml 6000 Bottles/hr

100ml 5800 Bottles/hr

125ml 5800 Bottles/hr

AMPOULES:

1ml 12000 Am poules/hr

2ml 12000 Am poules/hr

5ml 9960 Am poules/hr

10ml 4020 Am poules/hr

DERMATOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS:

60ml 1500 – 3600 Tube/hr

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DRUGS REGISTERED BY DRUG ADMINISTRATION & CONTROL AUTHORITY OF

ETHIOPI

Table 1. 2:- Registered drug administration (2)

S/N Brand Name Generic Name unit Pack Size

ADIPRIN A.S.A 300mg Tablet 100*10’s

ALUSIL ALUSI (120mg+250mg) 100*10’s

Table

ALBAZOL Albendazole 200mg Tablet 12*10’s

ALBAZOL Albendazole 100mg/5ml 100’s

suspension of20ml

AMOXID -250 Amoxicillin250mg capsule 100*10’s

AMOXID-500 Amoxicillin500mg capsule 500’s

APICILIN-250 Ampicillin 250mg capsule 100*10’s

APICILIN-500 Amoxicillin500mg capsule 50*10’s

APICILIN-500 Amoxicillin 500mg 50*10’s

capsule

APICILIN-500 Amoxicillin500mg capsule 10*10’s

BENZACIL-1.2 Benzathine Penicillin 50

1.2miu

BENZACIL-2.4 Benzathine Penicillin 2.4miu 50

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CET8RIN Cetrizine 10mg 10*10’s

CHLOQUIN Chloroquine phosphate 100*10’s

250mg Tablet

POLARIN Chlorpheniramine 2mg/5ml 1

Syrup

PEPTAC Cimetidine 400mg Tablet 20*10’s

CIFLOX -250 Ciprofloxacin250mgTablet 20*10’S

CIFLOX-500 Ciprofloxacin 500mg 20*10’s

CLOX 250 Cloxacillin 250mg capsule 50*10’s

DICLONAP-50 Diclofenac 50mg Tablet 20*10’s

DOXYCAP Doxycyclin 100mg capsule 20*10’s

FAMOD Famotidin 20mg Tablet 10*10’s

PROFEN Ibuprofen 400mgTablet 10*10’s

KONAZOLE Ketoconazole 200mg Tablet 10*10’s

KETRAN Levamisole 40mg Tablet 10*10’s

Management and Professional Mix

APF has devoted a strong commitment to give the highest value to the professional competence
and high caliber. Presently the man power mix includes different professional in all departments
working for value adding and knowledge transfer.

Marketing and Sales:

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Customer satisfaction in terms of delivering Quality and variety of medicine, maintaining all the
time availability, keeping packaging and pricing interest of customers is the ultimate objective
and performance of APF in its marketing endeavor.

Considerable changes have been observed through promotion efforts on image reengineering and
product introduction to wholesalers, pharmacies, Drug shops and RDVs. Promotion effort have
been started targeting physicians in line with DACA rules.

APF is constantly introducing new products following customer interests. Product varieties now
reached to 91.

The factory is now implementing intensive market penetration with affordable prices. The
distribution is done through domestic whole-sellers, institutional buyers and different sales and
distribution branches; Mekelle, Hawassa and Bihar Dar. APF products’ coverage is increasing
through time. The target is to attain distinctive competence of the local pharmaceutical market in
the short future through import substitution, variety and availability.

1.6. End users of the company

The company has been involving in making medical drugs in order to serve the society. So the
end users of the company are people, government and private institutions etc.

1.7. Over all organization and work flow

APF is one of a public enterprise set up to specialize in medicine resources development
engineering consultancy service 15 years back.APF is pharmaceutical company that produces a
lot of drugs and most of the drugs are produced from explosive gasses. Company APF facilitates
its work by dividing all its activities in to different departments. Each department has its own
role to improve the productivity of the company. The work flow of each department is as
follows:-

Firstly purchasing department purchases the appropriate raw materials to be converted in to a

product from the suppliers of the company. And the purchasing department supplies the
purchased raw materials into warehouse department (raw material warehouse).

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Warehouse department, the raw materials receiver receives the raw materials supplied by the
purchaser of the company. Almost all of the raw materials come from china. And these raw
materials are known as beta-lactamic and non-betalactamic. Quality control department controls
(checks) the quality and amount of the raw materials. Quality assurance department insures the
standardized qualification of checked raw materials and it classifies for the checked raw
materials as approved and rejected.

The rejected raw materials are raw materials that unsatisfied and have bad quality. And
these rejected raw materials stored in the rejection area until they are fired. And the approved
raw materials are raw materials that satisfied quality and then, warehouse department receives
these approved raw materials and send to production department based on this department
requisition form

The production department receives the approved raw materials and divides them in to each
production line to be converted into a product. And production department sends the product into
finished products warehouse and finished products ware house department provides the finished
products into marketing department. Marketing department sells the products into customers of
the company.

Maintenance and engineering department exercises the maintenance activities of the company.
Maintenance and engineering department have enough work shop with enough technological
maintenance machines, and enough spare parts store. Managing department of the company
performs an activities related to human resource and controls every department (1).

THE GENERAL STRUCTURAL WORK FLOW THE COMPANY IS AS FOLLOWS:

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Figure 1. 1:-organizational structure of APF until division head levels (2)

Electrical power flow of APF

Electricity is one of the most blessings thing that scientist created for mankind and modern life is
some part of this, so world without electricity is nothing today. Addis pharmaceutical factory
uses two electrical power sources; main line (Ethiopian electric power corporation) and
distribution generator. The power from Ethiopian electric power corporation (EEPCO) comes
from “Sassoon” power station Rated with 15kv and stepped down by step-down transformer to
380/220 at controlled frequency of 50 Hz. The second electrical power source is the distribution
generator. Addis pharmaceutical factory (APF) contains two manual start standby generators.
When there is power outage, the whole company uses electrical power fed from this diesel
generator.

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EEPCO

Distribution
generator

PC-01 PFC

Compressor Chiller Boiler Workshop Water PC-02

treatment

Head office LPC Tablet Tablet Tablet G.C Syrup Ampoule BC

weight 1 weight 2 drying

Cafe Clinic Administration

Blistering Cleaning Coating Sterling Y-cone

machine
Compre
machine machine machin granulator ssors Vial
Vial Vial Vial
e washing fillin cappin labelin
g g
g

Dry Blistering Cap Cap Drum Double Granu Cap

suspension & chiller inspection 1 inspection 2 mixer cone lator filling
mixer s

Belt Bottle Capping Filling Labeling

derive cleaning machine machine machine

figure 1. 2:- power flow of APF

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CHAPTER TWO
OVERALL ENTRNSHIP EXPERIENCE

In Addis pharmaceutical factory, I have improved my knowledge on team playing skills, team
leader skills, interpersonal communication skills, work ethics skills and practical knowledge
skills.

2.1. The way I was got into the company

In 2009 E.C at the end of the first semester the practically internship acceptance format letter
reached in my hand from the electrical and computer engineering department and the head of the
department told me to search the company which accept me and to insert the acceptance letter
back to the department. During that time, I was gathered some idea by asking to the students who
were attached to different industry all about the activity that performed in the company focused
on electrical power activity, as a result one student who was attached in APF told me that in APF
mostly the activity concerned on electrical workshop which deals with repairing, maintenance,
testing electrical equipment etc. Ultimately, I was decided to take my internship in that area but
the company did not accept me due to my late, however Esubalew himself attached me to it.

2.2. Section of the company I was worked in

In APF there are about ten departments which each of them contributes their function to the
company. Electrical engineering is one of the ten departments that I was worked in which
concerned with electrical maintenance, testing, supervising any electrical faults in the company
and comes troubleshooting the problems.

2.3. The work flow of the section and the task I was executed

The work flow of this section is that, the staff workers will always stay in their office or work
shop based on their program. The local workers of the production area or those who responsible
for monitoring the machine call to the engineers who stay in the workshop and the engineers
supervise the occur problem after that they discuss all about the happened problem at the end and
comes with solution.

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The work procedure of the electrical section is look like this:

Electrical Electrical Supervising Testing Maintenance
Manager engineers in Any faults
workshop

Testing Replacement
s Or putting
for reserve

Figure 2. 1:- work procedure of electrical section

I was worked in the electrical section which concerned with maintenance, testing, supervising
any electrical fault in the company and troubleshooting etc. In the company all the electrical
engineer works in cooperation in the electrical workshop and they supervise all the electrical
machines as well as the electrical equipment. If there is any faults in any of the electrical
machines the worker who is responsible to work on that machine reported the problems, so the
electrical engineer supervise the problem and take the best solution as needed. During my
internship duration I was spend my time by working with them in this electrical section.

2.4. Methods and procedures I have been used

In Addis pharmaceutical factory I was used the following methods to solve any problems that
happened in my work section.
1. I was taken an observation of any problem that happened in the section when the
engineers supervise any fault
2. I was asked and discussed all about the problem that faced in the company with the
workers
3. I used Google searching in order to get full information all about the electrical equipment
function and the reason for electrical equipment failure.
4. When there an ambiguity in any problem I was asked to the engineers
In order to supervise and get solution to any problems that occurred in the company I have taken
some basic procedures with the company engineers out of them the following steps are the most:

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When I was worked in APF, the following procedures that intended on solving any problems in safety
manner have saved in my mind.

First step preparation: The first and foremost step is before beginning to troubleshoot any fault; I
have been familiar with the company safety precautions, rules, and procedures while
troubleshooting any electrical failure as well as gathered information regarding the problem and
carefully understand how the problem is troubleshoot.

Secondly I have taken an observation with the company engineers on the fault area as most faults
provide obvious clues as to their cause. Through careful observation and a little bit of reasoning,
most faults can be identified as to the actual component with very little testing.

Thirdly I was discussed with the workers to define the problem area that on which part is the
problem happened based on my experience and applied logic and reasoning to my observations
to determine the problem area of the malfunctioning equipment.

Fourthly once the problem area has been defined and identifying the possible causes of the
malfunction of the electrical equipment by observing the manual prepared in the company and by
relating to the knowledge I have searched in the Google.

Finally I was discussed with the intended workers in order to identify the most probable causes
from the list of possible causes.

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2.5. Fault analysis of induction

Figure 2. 2:-:- an induction motor ()

an induction motor or asynchronous motor is an AC electric motor in which the electric current
in the rotor needed to produce torque is obtained by electromagnetic induction from the field of
the stator winding(6). Based on supply induction motor is classified into two:
1. Single phase induction motor
2. Three-Phase Induction Motor

One of the most common electrical motor used in any industrial is the induction motor, so in
Addis pharmaceutical factory in every process there are so many induction motors that help in
providing a twisting force. Those motors are also known as asynchronous motors because it runs
at speed less than it synchronous speed. An induction motor comprises a magnetic circuit
interlinking two electric circuits which are placed on the two main parts of the machine: (i) the
stationary part called the stator and (ii) the rotating part called the rotor. Power is transferred
from one part to the other by electromagnetic induction. For this induction machine is referred as
an electromechanical energy conversion device which converts electrical energy into mechanical
energy. Rotor is supported on bearings at each end.

In Addis pharmaceutical factory when I was deal with any problems that concerned with the
induction motor as well as another motor with the engineers and we first studied the type of the

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problem, its causes, and at the end we put the remedy. I have developed my practical knowledge
on the induction motor problems as well as another motor and the best remedy to be taken which
are frequently happened is described as flows.

Table2. 1:- fault analysis of any motor()

Problems Possible cause Tests Solutions

Motor will not start. 1. Fault with supply. 1. Check for correct 1. Fit new fuses, reset

2. Wrong connections voltage at motor circuit breakers, etc.

in control circuit. terminals. 2. Sort out control

2. Check to ensure circuit.
contactors operate.
Supply or Started trips 1. Wrong or loose 1. Check all lugs are 1. Fix up connections.
out at start. connections. properly crimped or 2. Change motor for

2. Motor overloaded. soldered, and correct size.

connections are tight.
3.Low Voltage due to 3. Change cables for
volt drop in cables 2. Check load correct size.
performance data
4. Overload or circuit 4.Correct setting of
against motor
breaker incorrectly set overload or breaker or
performance data.
or sized. change.
3. Measure voltage at
motor terminals while
motor starting.

4.Check settings of
overload and circuit
breaker and allow for
starting current

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Motor starts but has 1. Incorrect 1. Check connection 1. Sort out and correct
no torque. Motor does connection. diagram and connections.
not reach full speed or nameplate data.
2. Delta wound motor 2. Check timer and
takes a long time to
connects in star. 2. Check load starter control circuit.
accelerate.
3. Star/Delta starter performance data 3.Change motor for
staying in Star. against motor
correct size.
performance data.
4. Inertia of load to 4. Change cables for
high. 3.Measure voltage at
correct size.
motor terminals while
5. Motor overloaded.
motor starting
6. Low voltage due to
volt drop in cables.
Motor Overheating. 1. Motor overloaded. 1. Check load 1. Fix problem with

2. Ineffective cooling. performance data. load or fit larger

2. Check connection motor.

3. Excessive ambient.
diagram and 2. Sort out
4. Delta wound motor
nameplate data. connections.
in star.
3. Check volts and 3. Restore supply to
5. Motor “Single
amps in all three all phases.
Phasing”.
phases. 4. Correct voltage or
6. Wrong voltage or
4.Check nameplate frequency.
frequency.
5.Measure phase to 5. Balance supply or
7. Supply voltage
phase voltage accept unbalance.

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unbalanced. accurately

No load amps
in 1.Incorrect connection 1. Check connection 1. Sort out and correct
excess of Full load diagram and connections at motor
2. Star wound motor
amps nameplate data. terminals.
connection Delta.
2. Correct supply
3. Voltage in excess 2. Measure voltage at
voltage
of nameplate. motor terminals.
3. Change motor for
3. Compare supply
4. Motor supplied for correct voltage and
voltage and frequency
different voltage or frequency
to nameplate.
frequency.
Unbalanced amps in 1.Unbalanced supply 1.Measure phase to 1.Balance supply
different phases when voltage phase voltage
motor loaded accurately
Excessive electric 1. Wrong connections. 1. Check connections 1.. Fix up connection
noise 2. Check voltage with
2. Wrong voltage. 2. Correct voltage.
nameplate
3. Motor ‘Single- 3. Check volts with 3. Restore supply to
Phasing’. amps in all three all three phases.
phases.
Motor runs in wrong 1.Wrong connections 1.Watch shaft rotation 1. Swap and two
direction phases of supply.

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Motor amps in excess 1. Motor overloaded. 1. Check load and 1. Fix problem with
of nameplate full load performance data. load or fit larger
2. Low supply
amps on load 2. Measure voltage at motor.
voltage.
motor terminals 2. Fix problem,
3. Wrong voltage or 3. Check nameplate. maybe with larger
frequency. 4. Check nameplate cables.
4. Wrong 5 & 6. Check volts 3. Correct voltage or
Connections. and amps in all three frequency.

5. Motor ‘Single- phases. 4. Sort out and

Phasing’. 7. Measure motor correct.

speed and check load 5 & 6. Restore
6. Supply voltage
speed requirements. balanced supply to all
unbalanced.
three phases.
7. Motor Speed not
7. Change motor for
matched to load.
correct motor speed.

2.5.1. Electrical equipment’s which I used in APF

In Addis pharmaceutical factory I have gained some practical knowledge on some basic
electrical equipment which are always used in any industrial company as well as in where as they
are needed mostly how to read the rating of voltage, current, power of different electrical
equipment and how to test if it is normal or defective. Not all but a few of them are listed below.
Contactor

Figure 2. 3:- contactor (3)

An electrical contactor is an electromagnetic switch similar to a relay. It is a switch which can be
controlled with the current/pulse to switch over an electrically powered circuit. When current

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passed through the electromagnet, a magnetic field is produced. This results in the contact
between movable core and contactor.

Relay

We know that most of the high end industrial application devices have relays for their effective
working. Relays are simple switches which are operated both electrically and mechanically.
Relays consist of an electromagnet and also a set of contacts. The switching mechanism is
carried out with the help of the electromagnet. The main operation of a relay comes in places
where only a low-power signal can be used to control a circuit.

Figure 2. 4:- relay (4)

Overload relays
An overload relay is a relay that opens a circuit when the load in the circuit exceeds a preset
value in order to provide over load protection usually to excess current.

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Figure 2. 5:- Overload relay (5)

Circuit breaker
A circuit breaker is an automatic switch, which is an on-load device, designed using
electromechanical techniques to prevent power overload damage or short circuits. A circuit
breaker has a solenoid inside, and it is kept at a certain voltage level, to keep the triggering
mechanism in balance. Once a fault is observed in the circuit, such as an overload or a short
circuit, the switch iss triggered, and the current flow is discontinued. After solving the pertaining
problem in the electrical system, the circuit breaker can be switched back to on again.

Figure 2. 6:- Circuit breaker (7)

Timer
A timer is a device that measures time, especially one that is part of a machine and causes it to
start or stop working at specific times.

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Fuse

Figure 2. 7:- Fuse (8)

The verb "fuse" means "to melt". A fuse is an over current responsive safety device used to
protect an electrical circuit from the effects of excessive current. It is placed in series with the
electrical circuit it is intended to protect. Its essential component is a strip of metal that will
melt when the electric current in the circuit exceeds the fuse's rated value. The element (link)
in the fuse melts and opens the circuits.

The opening of a fuse signifies that something is wrong with the circuit and should be
corrected before the current is turned back on. The problem can be an accident, a defective
component or a worn-out component.

Clamp meter
A clamp meter is an electrical test tool that combines a basic digital multimeter with a current
sensor used in measuring current flow in phase with out making contact.

Digital multimeter
In the company which I worked in we mostly use digital multimeter for measuring of voltage,
current, resistance continuity etc.

Transformer
A transformer is an electrical device that transfers electrical energy between two or more circuit
through electromagnetic induction. Power can be transferred between the two coils through the
magnetic field, without a metallic connection between the two circuits.

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Figure 2.9:- transformer (9)

Frequency converter

Variable frequency operation has been around, in the form of the AC generator, since the advent
of the induction motor. Frequency converter is a power conversion device. The frequency
converter converts a basic fixed-frequency, fixed voltage sine-wave power (line power) to a
variable-frequency, variable-voltage output used to control speed of induction motors.

Figure 2.10:- frequency converter(10)

Wire cutting tools

These tools are used for cutting of wire when we need some wires in their limited length. We
mostly used wire cutter and wire strippers.

Screw driver
Screwdrivers are used to drive in screws in electric fixtures, electrical boxes, or the outside
plates to the wall or ceiling. I have used in my activity different types of screw driver out of
them Phillips, slot type etc.
Pliers and wrenches
For many electrical jobs, tools to manipulate wires, nuts and bolts, and other electrical and
mechanical objects are necessary. To loosen nuts and bolts, electricians can use wrenches.
We have been using different types of pliers in the company that I joined in to list some of
them: Linesman's pliers, side cutting pliers and needle nose pliers.

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2.6. FORWARD REVERSE MOTOR CONTROL

The forward reverse motor control is used a system where forward and backward or upward and
downward movement in the operation are needed. In Addis pharmaceutical factory some motors
works in the forward reverse direction , so it obligates me to understand the control circuit and
power circuit in order to solve smoothly when any problems happen in the forward reverse
operation of the motor.
2.7. How I have been good in perform my tasks
When I was worked in Addis pharmaceutical factory, I become careful in any electrical hazards,
flow the rule and regulation of the company, participating in open mindedness with all the
workers as well as in observing any faults why it happens and in finding the best troubleshoot.
When there was any ambiguity to me regarding to my work, Google website is my best friend in
addition to the electrical engineers that works in Addis pharmaceutical factory. Generally in
Addis pharmaceutical factory during my internship duration I was good in observing any
electrical fault analysis, maintenance, testing etc.

2.8. Faced challenges and measurements taken

During performing my task I had not that much challenges but I was faced to few challenges.
Some of them are:-
 It becomes me difficult to understand the electrical manual at the starting time
 The manual does not hold specific document for specific section so it becomes challenge
me to understand
 At the first time I was got ambiguity to understand hot to maintenance, test any electrical
and to identify the type of faults.
 The company has limitation in internet access so it is hard to search any problem
immediately in that place.
 At the first time it becomes me difficult know the function of each motor
Measurements taken
 I was asked for the workers to help me for all challenges regarding to the manual how to
use

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 By carefully flowed the process they flow, I control my challenges regarding to

maintenance testing and analysis of any electrical faults.
 I mostly use Google to solve unclear idea in my digital library
 I took good attention to all some difficult activity to control all activity

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CHAPTER THREE
OVERALL INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE GAINED
In Addis pharmaceutical factory I have refined my skills which are good in any industrial or
group works that are well to develop to apply in life at every moment either as leader or member.
The following are the basic skills that I have gained in the Addis pharmaceutical factory:

3.1. Improving practical skills

Skill is the ability or knowledge acquired through deliberate, practice, training, and sustained
effort to smoothly and adaptively carryout activities or job functions involving cognitive,
technical and interpersonal skills. Practical skill is the skill gained through observation, practice,
training and experiments of the theoretical knowledge to change into real situations and events
rather than theory. There, in the Addis pharmaceutical factory I have improved my practical
skills that mostly focused in electrical: machines, equipment's, circuit boards, tests,
measurements, maintenance and how they work.

3.2. Upgrading theoretical knowledge

Theoretical knowledge is the knowledge that comes to have through reading written things,
drawings and listening person who have experience on the salient point. Theoretical knowledge
is the first knowledge which serves as source to upgrade practical skills. In the hosting company,
I have upgraded my theoretical knowledge which I have obtained in the university which is in
concept through practice, and training.

3.3. Interpersonal communication skills

The ability to communicate effectively with superiors, colleagues, and staff is essential, no
matter what industry you work in. In the company that I have joined, there are so many people
with different professions: as a result I have refined my speaking skills by communicating with
them during in practice as well as by asking them to get an answer for anything which is not
clear to me. The peoples who work in the company are always interest to communicate with each
other as well as with the students.
In the company area not only I simply refine my speaking skills but also have learned the ways
of speaking, how to speak politely, how to wait others until they forwarded their view of points

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and at the end my mind have developed the basic communication skills that are key for work
place success, which few of them are the listed below:
 listening
 nonverbal communication
 clarity and concision
 friendliness
 confidence
 empathy
 open mindedness
 respectfulness
 Feedback etc.

3.4. Team playing skills

Teamwork is a unity when workers combine their individual skills in pursuit of a goal. Team
member has equal role and important to the output. Without unity every output is not as the
intended one, so in the company which set foot in I have learned the basic team playing skills in
the workplace which includes the following few:
 Helping and guiding with member,
 Being able to clearly communicate,
 Sharing openly and willingly,
 Being an active participant,
 Being flexible,
 Showing commitment,
 Being respectful,
 Being reliable,
 Decision making
 Problem solving
 And being able to mediate problems between team members in order to
accomplish the final output in the desired way etc.

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3.5. Leader ship skills

During the practical attachment I was observed that whether a company manager or a project
leader requires a number of soft skills to help them positively interact with employees or team
members and my mind have developed the salient skills to be a good leadership out of them
which listed as follows:
 Communication skills,
 Motivation,
 Positivity
 Responsibility and trustworthiness etc.

3.6. Understanding work ethics

A work ethics is a set of moral principals an employee uses in his job which is vital to a company
to achieve its goal and every employee from the manager to the entry work level workers must
have a good work ethics to keep the company functioning at its peak. During the internship I
have upgraded my knowledge on the characteristics of work ethics which are helps to identify
who have positive work ethics even if it is not full identification among these few of them has
listed below.
 Punctuality,
 Discipline,
 Productivity,
 Dedication,
 Reliability,
 Professionalism,
 Respectfulness and respecting the rule and regulation of the company are the
most one.

3.7. Entrepreneurship skills

Entrepreneurship skill is the capacity and willingness to develop organizes and manages a
business venture along with any of its risks in order to make a profit. Addis pharmaceutical
factory works design and supervision enterprise is governmental organization, which is

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responsible for providing safe to the patients of human beings by the company of APF. The basic
principle of this organization is to increase product of medicine factory. The success of work is
done in the company through the display of the excellent works performed by the company and
the good workers.

CHAPTER FOUR
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

4.1. Conclusion
Addis pharmaceutical factory is one of the biggest factories in Ethiopia, Tigray, Adigrat town
which deals in manufacturing medical drugs which serves the citizen as a desirable model, able
to continuously and successfully compete in the global market and involved in sustainable
progressive development, providing safe, effective and affordable medicines both in sufficient
quality and quantity to satisfy the current and future need of the society.
I have acquired a lot of knowledge, in both theoretical & practical during my internship program
and I grasp different knowledge from my hosting company in maintenance, testing, measuring
and fault analysis of electrical machines as well as any electrical equipment failure
troubleshooting process.
In the hosting company not only on academically but also I have refined my knowledge on team
playing, team leader, interpersonal communication skills etc.

4.2. Recommendation
Recommendation is the mirror that tells the weakness which is not visible for the owner or the
situation it may not give attention by the owner to its side effect. So I would like to recommend
to my hosting company on the following few points:
To improvement of company the following recommendation is useful;
 In Addis pharmaceutical factory the backup generator in operated manually so their
production capacity is decreased when power is outage till it on by the operator, so it

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should be atomically operated using any methods especially automatic transfer switch.
 The company does not monitor students where they go and spend their time, as a result I
recommend the company to monitor the students for the next time
 Another company motivates the students to do project that need for their company but my
hosting motivate does not like these so it should motivate to solve any problem by
identifying it.

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Reference

(1).http://www.apfethio.com/products/
(2).APF manual
(3). https://www.google.com/search?q=images+of+electrical+contactors&tbm
(4).https://www.google.com/search?=images+of+electrical++relays&oq=images+of+electrical++
relay
(5).https://www.google.com/search?=images+of+electrical+overload+relays&oq=images+of+ele
ctrical+overload+relays
(6) (IEC 60050 (Publication date: 1990-10). Section 411-31: Rotation Machinery - General,)
(7) https://www.google.com/search?= images+of+electrical+circuit+breakers
(8) https://www.google.com/search?= images+of+electrical+fuse
(9) https://www.google.com/search?= images+of+electrical++transformer
(10) https://www.google.com/search?= images+of+electrical++frequncey+convertor
(11)http://www.enggcyclopedia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Figure-1-Electric-motor-
structure.png

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