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Introduction
• Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabaceace) originated in Asia,
spread through Europe and later introduced into the
America.
• Cannabis (Marijuana) is a dioecious annual herb.
• Produces equal number of male and female flower.
• This plant contains a unique class of terpenophenolic
compounds called Cannabinoids.
Introduction
• More than 70 cannabinoids have been isolated from
this herb (Lata et al 2009; Russo 2013).
Sources: http://jis.gov.jm/law-amended-facilitate-medical-ganja-industry/
http://moj.gov.jm/sites/default/files/laws/The%20Dangerous%20Drugs%20Act.pdf
Introduction
Breeding and Conservation challenges
Plant material/explant
• Nodal segments with axillary buds (approx. 1cm)
• Obtained from healthy branches of high yielding
Cannabis sp.
Sterilization
• Surface sterilize with 0.5% NaOCl (15% v/v bleach) and 0.1 %
Tween 20 for 20 mins.
• 3 five mins rinses in sterile distilled water.
Lata et al 2009
Tissue Culture
Initiation
Supplemented with:
• 3% (w/v) sucrose
• 0.8% (w/v) agar
• 0.5 μM thidiazuron (TDZ)
• pH 5.7
Lata et al 2009b
Tissue Culture
Multiplication
4-6 weeks after initiation emerging shoots should be
transferred to MS multiplication medium
supplemented with:
• 0.5 μM TDZ
• 7.0 μM Gibberellic acid (GA3)
Lata et al 2009b
Tissue Culture
Rooting
Lata et al 2009b
Tissue Culture
Acclimatization
Lata et al 2009b
Summary
Source: http://www.nosoilsolutions.com/6-different-types-hydroponic-systems/
Types of Substrates
• Sand • Perlite
• Expanded clay • Rockwool
aggregate • Growstones
• Coco peat • Rice hulls
• Gravel • Vermiculite
• Brick shards • Pumice
Perlite
Growstones Rockwool
Purpose:
It heats up because incoming visible sunshine is absorbed
inside the structure.
A Cannabis
sp. specific greenhouse typically has a blackout system to adjust
the photoperiod.
From:
a. Wind and pests
b. Extremely hot weather
c. Cross-pollination
d. Excess water/moisture
Source: http://www.maryjanesgarden.com/growing/greenhouse-growing
Advantages of Greenhouse
Safety
• Plant disease suppression.
• Avoid workers exposing to severe weather
conditions.
• Structure with controlled access and
security features can be installed.
Advantages of Greenhouse
Improve Growth
Source: http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/08/12/colorado-marijuana-sales/13915859/
Disadvantages of Greenhouse
• Construction Costs
• High Energy/ Operation Costs
• Maintenance
• Tools and supplies – soil, pots etc.
• Human Resources
Conclusion
•• Hydroponic
Tissue culture can be used
cultivation regenerate
of marijuana a large
offers number of
an alternative
Cannabis
to soil andsativa
has manyplants in a over
benefits shorttraditional
period of time
growing
(Slusarkiewicz-Jarzina
methods (Chandra et alet2010)
al 2005,
. Lata et al 2009a).
• These techniques can be used for germplasm exchange
between laboratories and in breeding to produce high
•• yielding
Tissue
Growingculture
marijuana
canforbethe
varieties inused
apharmaceutical
greenhouse
to conserveallows
elite cultivars
for control
industry. of
Cannabis
over growing
sativa conditions
in vitro (Latainetaal protected
2009b;2012). environment
(Chandra et al 2011).
References
Angus, G. (2014, September 30). Law to be Amended to Facilitate Medical Ganja Industry. Jamaica Information Service.
Retrieved from http://jis.gov.jm/law-amended-facilitate-medical-ganja-industry/.
Chandra, S., Lata, H., Khan, I. A., & ElSohly, M. A. (2010). Propagation of elite Cannabis sativa for the production of D9-
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) using biotechnological tools. Medicinal plant biotechnology, 98-114.
Chandra, S., Lata, H., Khan, I. A., & ElSohly, M. A. (2011). Temperature response of photosynthesis in different drug and
fiber varieties of Cannabis sativa L. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 17(3), 297-303.
Clarke, R. C., & Pate, D. W. (1994). Medical marijuana. J. International Hemp Asso, 9-12.
Colorado firm partners with Jamaicans to set up medical ganja lab on island. (2014, October 5). The Jamaica Observer.
Retrieved from http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/business/Colorado-firm-partners-with-Jamaicans--to-set-up-medical-
ganja-lab-on-island_17680298.
Douglas, J. S. (1985). Advanced guide to hydroponics (No. new edition). Pelham Books.
Dorm, D. (September 26, 2013). Greenhouse Growing For Efficient Medical Marijuana Production. Retrieved from
http://www.medicaljane.com/2013/09/26/greenhouse-growing-efficient-medical-marijuana-production/.
Dreier, F. (March 31, 2014). Greenhouse Technology Shakes Up Economics of Cannabis Cultivation. In Marijuana Business
Daily. Retrieved from http://mmjbusinessdaily.com/the-basics-of-marijuana-greenhouse-technology/.
Espiritu, K. (2011). Hydroponic Media. Retrieved October 13, 2014, from http://www.epicgardening.com/hydroponic-
growing-media/.
Grotenhermen, F. and Russo, E. (2002). Cannabis and Cannabinoids: Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Potential.
Binghampton , N.Y. Haworth Integrative Healing Press.
References
Growing Cannabis in a Greenhouse. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.dutch-
passion.nl/en/grow-info/growing-cannabis-in-a-greenhouse/.
Haze, N. (n.d.). Soil vs. Hydroponics. Retrieved October 2, 2014, from
http://www.growweedeasy.com/marijuana-soil-vs-hydroponics.
How to Grow Marijuana Hydroponically. (n.d.). Retrieved October 3, 2014, from
http://www.wikihow.com/Grow-Marijuana-Hydroponically
How to Grow Top Shelf Cannabis Using Greenhouses. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://www.triqsystems.com/resources/grow-top-shelf-cannabis.html.
Hydroponics. (n.d.) Retrieved October 3, 2014, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroponics.
Lata, H., Chandra, S., Khan, I. A., & ElSohly, M. A. (2009a). Propagation through alginate
encapsulation of axillary buds of Cannabis sativa L.—an important medicinal plant.
Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 15(1), 79-86.
Lata, H., Chandra, S., Khan, I., & ElSohly, M. A. (2009b). Thidiazuron-induced high-frequency
direct shoot organogenesis of Cannabis sativa L. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-
Plant, 45(1), 12-19.
Lata, H., Chandra, S., Mehmedic, Z., Khan, I. A., & ElSohly, M. A. (2012). In vitro germplasm
conservation of high Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol yielding elite clones of Cannabis sativa L.
under slow growth conditions. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 34(2), 743-750.
References
Mehmedic, Z., Chandra, S., Slade, D., Denham, H., Foster, S., Patel, A. S., & ElSohly, M. A.
(2010). Potency Trends of Δ9‐THC and Other Cannabinoids in Confiscated Cannabis
Preparations from 1993 to 2008*. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 55(5), 1209-1217.
Murashige, T and Skoog, F. (192). A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with
tobacco tissue culture. Physiologia Plantarum 15: 473-497.
Neita, L. (2014, October 5). The Greening of Jamaica. The Jamaica Observer. Retrieved from
http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/columns/The-greening-of-Jamaica_17676447.
Quimby M. 1974. Botany of Cannabis sativa. In: Mateos-Gomez JL (ed) Archivos be
investigacion medica/ El Instituto Mexicano del Seruto Social.
Russo, E. B. (2013). Cannabis and cannabinoids: pharmacology, toxicology, and therapeutic
potential. Routledge.
Slusarkiewicz-Jarzina, A. U. R. E. L. I. A., Ponitka, A., & Kaczmarek, Z. (2005). Influence of
cultivar, explant source and plant growth regulator on callus induction and plant
regeneration of Cannabis sativa L. Acta Biol Craco Series Bot, 47(2), 145-151.
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