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Water Quality
Q. I’m a civil engineer with an energy development
company. One of our projects in Colorado will
require a concrete batch plant in a remote area. We are
requirements to qualify nonpotable water for use in
concrete. These requirements evaluate the effect on
setting time and 7-day compressive strength with
considering using well water for the mixtures, but we applicable criteria prior to use and at 3-month intervals
know the water is not potable. According to ACI 318-08, (Section 5.1.1 of ASTM C1602). There are optional limits
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Section 3.4.2, “Mixing water for prestressed concrete or for on the chlorides, sulfates, alkalis, and total solids, but the
concrete that will contain aluminum embedments, including manufacturer shall maintain documented evidence
that portion of mixing water contributed in the form of free that the characteristics of the combined mixing water
moisture on aggregates, shall not contain deleterious are in compliance with these optional limits (Section 5.1.2
amounts of chloride ion. See 4.3.1.” Section 4.3.1 discusses of ASTM C1602).
water-soluble chloride ion content in concrete mixtures, The cited test method in ASTM C1602 for chlorides
and Table 4.3.1 shows the maximum water-soluble chloride and sulfates in water is ASTM C114. These tests are to be
ion contents in hardened concrete. It further states that done every 6 months unless there is an indication that
when testing is performed to determine the water-soluble something has changed. The density of the water—an
chloride ion content, the test procedure shall conform to indication of the solids content is to be monitored daily,
ASTM C1218, “Standard Test Method for Water-Soluble but this requirement is generally only applicable for
Chloride in Mortar and Concrete,” but that test is run on water from concrete production operations (wash water).
concrete at an age between 28 and 42 days. Well water normally wouldn’t have a high solids content.
How do we analyze the well water to ensure that Your question raises an interesting issue regarding
minerals and ion contents don’t exceed the prescribed Section 3.4.2, Section 4.3.1, and Table 4.3.1 in ACI 318-08.
levels? What is normally acceptable? For prestressed concrete, Table 4.3.1 limits the water-
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