1- PROBLEM DESCRIPTION

In BB protection scheme for mechanical and static relay, there is a weak

point in scheme of bus coupler(BC)/ bus section(BS) . Shorting of BB CT
of BC/BS is released by circuit breaker close position . This may cause
mal operation of BB protection when BC/BS is closed and load current
passing through it is high or if It is closed in incident of fault . This
problem is modified in numerical relays by using manual close contact in
binary input to release blocking of BC/BS bay unit before actual closing
of circuit breaker . fig 1&2 shows CT shorting facility by breker contact .

Recently, load passing through BC/BS is relatively normal and CT ratio of

BC/BS Busbar core is high (often 2500 / 1) so this problem may not
occure because operating point is below trip limit but unbalance is exist
in BB protection during very short time peroid between actual closing of
breaker and CB aux contact . as shown in fig3 . this short time is enough
for BB relay to detect and operate if operating point exceed trip limit.
BB protectin detects fault in 10 msec .

Another weak point also appear when CB of BC/BS is tripped by O/C

relay because of fault is not clearing by outgoing feeder . busbar
protection will maloperate because BC/BS BB CT is shorted before the
main circuit breaker is actully open . this will create unbalance on Bus
bar protection .

Eng. Mohammad A Surrati - Protection Relays maintenance (Makkah)

 Breaker
position

FIG1 :

Eng. Mohammad A Surrati - Protection Relays maintenance (Makkah)

 Breaker
position

FIG2

Eng. Mohammad A Surrati - Protection Relays maintenance (Makkah)

 BB 1 BB 2

FIG3 : BB protection maloperation when buscoupler breaker closed on external fault

Eng. Mohammad A Surrati - Protection Relays maintenance (Makkah)

 2-Proposed scheme modification :
In LCC or switchgear pannel there are two aux relays used for closing or
opening the ciruit breaker . they are named in seimens by K0A(A for trip
or open) and K0B (B for close ). These two aux relays are energized by
scada (LDC) or local feeder through (local /remote ) selector switch . the
proposed scheme is for static and mechanical BB protection made by
seimens .

2-1 Proposed scheme for mechanical BB protection:

In the proposed scheme in fig4 , manual close contact /CB open contact
i s used to release CT shorting for mechanical BB scheme (fig1) . the
steps shown in the fiqure explan how modification will work .

+ ve BB prot

When CB CB open
open position

1 1
4 T1
3 Contact
contact Contact
2 from K0E
from K0A
When CB (Manaul
(CB OPEN)
closed close)
LCC

K* T1 T1 = Off delay Timer(**)

- ve

FIG4 : proposed modification in mechanical BB scheme

Eng. Mohammad A Surrati - Protection Relays maintenance (Makkah)

 2-2 step by step explination of FIG4 :

1) Manual close pulse / CB OPEN pulse is given to release shorting of

BB CT by energizing aux relay K* and energize timer
2) T1 contact is used to hold energizing K*. timer can be set as
enough time until CB is completely close or open .
3) CB position is given after actual breaker closing /opening by short
period of time .
4) T1 contact will open after setable time is elapsed.

2-3 Proposed scheme for static BB protection:

For static BB scheme , Manual close contact/CB OPEN contact is used to

release CT shorting for static BB scheme (fig2) . the steps shown in the
fiqure explan how modification will work .

+ ve BB prot

When CB
closed

Contact from
CB open
1 1 K0E
position
3 Contact (Manaul
from K0A close)
When CB
(CB OPEN) LCC
open
4
T1
contact 2

T1 = Off delay Timer(**)

(**)
K* T1

- ve

FIG5 : proposed modification in static BB scheme

Eng. Mohammad A Surrati - Protection Relays maintenance (Makkah)

2-4 step by step explination of FIG5 :

1) Manual close pulse / CB OPEN pulse is given to release shorting of

BB CT by deenergizing aux relay K* and energize timer
2) T1 contact is used to hold deenergizing K*. timer can be set as
enough time until CB is completely close or open .
3) CB position is given after actual breaker closing /opening by short
period of time .
4) T1 contact will open after setable time is elapsed.
K* = K1 , K2 , K3 IN STATIC BB SCHEME (FIG1) Energize = BB CT is shorted

Denergize = BB CT is not shorted

K* = K307 IN MECHANICAL BB SCHEME (FIG2) Energize = BB CT is not shorted

Denergize = BB CT is shorted

(**)Remark:
OFF delay timer: When the coil of this timer is energized (contol voltage
is applied) the contacts of this timer change their position immediately
and when the timer coil is deenergized the contacts does not return
back to the initial position except after presetable time elapsed (FIG6).

ON delay timer: When the coil of this timer is energized (contol voltage
is applied) the contacts of this timer does not change their position
except after presetable time elapsed.

FIG6 : Timing chart of OFF DELAY TIMER

Eng. Mohammad A Surrati - Protection Relays maintenance (Makkah)

FIG7 : CB TEST REPORT SHOWING TIME DURATION OF CLOSING /OPENING TIME

Eng. Mohammad A Surrati - Protection Relays maintenance (Makkah)

 3-References :
1) BB drawing of static relay .
2) BB drawing of mechanical relay .
3) Sample Circuit Breaker timing test (HYUNDAI).
4) Sample OFF DELAY TIMER manual (CAMSCO type ETF-N) .

Ideal final result (IFR) is shorting of CT must be released before

ACTUAL closing of CB and shorting of CT must be made after ACTUAL
opening of CB

Eng. Mohammad A Surrati - Protection Relays maintenance (Makkah)