DAFTAR ISI

KATA PENGANTAR ......................................................................................................... i

DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................................................ ii

DAFTAR GAMBAR ........................................................................................................... iv

DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................................... v
BAB 1. PENDAHULUAN .................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Latar Belakang ................................................................................................................ 1

BAB 2. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ........................................................................................ 2

2.1 Anatomi sistem respirasi .................................................................................................. 2

2.1.1 Hidung ........................................................................................................................... 2

2.1.2 Faring ............................................................................................................................ 3

2.1.3 Laring ............................................................................................................................ 4

2.1.4 Trakea dan bronkus ........................................................................................................ 4

2.1.5 Alveolus ......................................................................................................................... 6

2.2 Fisiologi sistem respirasi .................................................................................................... 6

2.2.1 Mekanisme ventilasi pulmonal ........................................................................................ 6

2.2.2 Ventilasi alveolar ............................................................................................................. 9

2.3 Asma ................................................................................................................................. 10

2.3.1 Definisi asma.................................................................................................................. 10

2.3.2 Epidemiologi asma......................................................................................................... 10

2.3.3 Faktor resiko asma.......................................................................................................... 11

2.3.4 Patofisiologi asma........................................................................................................... 15

2.3.4.1 Mekanisme airway remodeling .................................................................................. 16

2.3.5 Klasifikasi asma.............................................................................................................. 18

2.3.6 Diagnosis asma............................................................................................................... 22

2.3.6.1 Anamnesis asma.......................................................................................................... 22

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2.3.6.2 Pemeriksaan Fisik asma.............................................................................................. 23

2.3.6.3 Pemeriksaan Penunjang asma...................................................................................... 24

2.3.6.4 Penulisan Diagnosis asma.......................................................................................... 27

2.3.7 Tatalaksana asma............................................................................................................ 28

2.3.7.1 Pengobatan asma......................................................................................................... 28

2.3.7.2 Step pengobatan asma................................................................................................. 29

2.3.7.3 Tatalaksana serangan asma.......................................................................................... 32

2.3.7.4 Status asmatikus ........................................................................................................ 32

2.3.8 Komplikasi asma............................................................................................................ 33

2.3.9 Prognosis asma............................................................................................................... 33

Rekam medis kasus ............................................................................................................... 34

Analisis kasus ........................................................................................................................ 44

BAB 3. KESIMPULAN ....................................................................................................... 50

3.1 Kesimpulan ..................................................................................................................... 50

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................................... 51

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 DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 1 Anatomi Hidung ...................................................................................................... 3

Gambar 2 Skema Percabangan Bronkus..................................................................................... 5

Gambar 3 Skema Anatomi Bronkus dan Bronkiolus.................................................................... 5

Gambar 4 Pengembangan Rangka Pada Saat Inspirasi dan Ekspirasi............................................ 7

Gambar 5 Perjalanan alergi...................................................................................................... 14

Gambar 6 perbandingan klasifikasi asma PNAA 2004 dengan PNAA 2015........................ 22

Gambar 7 kriteria diagnosis asma pada dewasa, remaja, dan anak 6-11 tahun..................... 26

Gambar 8 Alur diagnosis asma anak .................................................................................... 27

Gambar 9 Dosis berbagai preparat steroid inhalasi pada anak asma ................................... 31

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 DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1 tabel berdasarkan derajat beratnya serangan...................................................... 21

Tabel 2.2 tabel derajat keparahan serangan asma............................................................... 21

Tabel 2.3 Diagnosis Asma Anak <5 tahun......................................................................... 25

Tabel 2.4 Kriteria Diagnosis Asma Anak >5 Tahun........................................................... 25

Tabel 2.5 Penulisan diagnosis pasien asma......................................................................... 27

Tabel 2.6 Derajat kendali penyakit asma ............................................................................ 28

Tabel 2.7 Penentuan derajat kendali ................................................................................... 31

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