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1. Leading cause of death due to poisoning? CO Poisoning
2. CO poisoning inhibit which enzyme? Cytochrome Oxidase
3. Name mitochondrial toxins ? Alcohol and Salicylates
4. Most susceptible to hypoxia in nephron? Proximal Tubule
5. Irreversible damage to neuron occurs after minutes of global hypoxia? 5
min
6. Most destructive free radicals? Hydroxyl Free Radicals
7. Which vitamin is the best neutralizer of free radical? Vitamin C
8. Marker of intermediate filament degradation? Ubiquitin
9. Mallory bodies are present in ? Alcoholic Liver Disease
10. Acetaminophen free radicals are formed in? Liver
11. Wear and tear pigment? Lipofuscin
12. Hemosiderin laden macrophages present in left sided heart failure are called?
Heart Failure Cells
13. What is called green bile ? Biliverdin
14. Disordered cell growth is calle ? Dysplasia
15. Examples of permanent cells? Neurons, Myocardial & Skeletal Muscle Cells
16. Most common cause of caseous necrosis? Tb
17. Programmed cell death is called? Apoptosis
18. Guardian of genome is? P53
19. Which is specific for pancreatitis? Lipase
20. Heterophagy is seen in which cell organelle? Lysosome
21. Cerebral infarct is example of? Liquefactive
22. What is called red bile? Bilirubin
23. Extrinsic pathway in apoptosis require? TNF
24. In lead poisoning lead deposits in? Proximal Convoluted Tubule
25. Only endogenous pigment? Melanin
26. Which metaplasia occurs in brain? No Metaplasia in Brain
27. Most susceptible zone in hypoxia of hepatocyte ? Zone 3
28. Oxidase reaction produce which radicals? Superoxide Free Radicals
29. Primary lysosomes are derived from? Golgi Apparatus
30. Lewy body seen in? Idiopathic Parkinson Disease
31. Most common cause of tissues hypoxia? Ischemia
32. Most common site for metastatic calcification? Kidney
33. Vitamin as an antioxidant? Vitamin E
34. Central organ in apoptosis? Mitochondria
35. Caspases are involved in which phenomenon? Apoptosis
36. Female had silicone breast implant which was then removed , which cells
would be numerous ? Plasma Cells
37. Omental necrosis is of which type? Fat Necrosis
38. Superimposed infection on necrosis is called ? Wet Gangrene
39. Metaplasia of surface epithelium most commonly caused by? Chronic
Irritation
40. In our country the most common cause of cell injury is ? Ischemia
41. Immediate effect after injury to a vessel is ? Vasoconstriction
41. Major circulating phagocyte? Neutrophils
42. Most important chemical mediator of inflammation? Histamine
43. Clearance of neutrophils in acute inflammation is by? Apoptosis
44. Neutrophil leucocytosis is caused by? Catecholamines, Corticosteroids,
Lithium
45. The hallmark of acute inflammation is increased ? Vascular Permeability
46. Acute phase reactants mostly synthesized in? Liver
47. Most common cause of skin abscess? Staphylococcus Aureus
48. Hallmark of chronic inflammation? Tissue Destruction
49. Kininogen converts into bradykinin due to? Hageman Factor
50. Prostaglandin that helps in protection of gastrointestinal mucosa is?? PGE2
51. Prostacyclin is produced by? Endothelial Cells
52. Fever in inflammation is caused by ? IL1 and TNFa
53. ICAM and VCAM are responsible for ? Leukocyte Adhesion
54. Most common cause of increases permeability? Inflammation
55. Chemotaxis is a feature of ? Acute Inflammation
56. Most common cause of hyperkalemia? Renal Failure
57. Virchow’s triad? Endothelial Injury, Hypercoagulability and abnormal blood
flow
58. Pulmonary thromboembolism originate from? Femoral Vein
59. Best indicator of tissues hypoxia? Mixed Venous O
2
60. Most common cause of respiratory acidosis ? Anxiety
61. Cushing's triad? HTN, Bradycardia, Irregular Breathing
62.most common manifestation of septic patient is ? Hypotension
63. Most important distinguishing feature if hypovolemic and septic shock is ?
Temperature
64. Last mediator of endotoxic shock ? IL6
65. Death due to embolism after accident ? Fat Embolism
66. Severe generalized Edema is called ? Anasarca
67. Which vitamin involved in synthesis of collagen? Vit. C
68. Keloid is excess of which type of collagen? Type 3
69. Corticosteroid inc which wbc? Neutrophils
70. The hallmark of healing? Granulation Tissue
71. The element act as cofactor in collagen synthesis is? Zinc
72. Polyclonal gammopathy is sign of ? Chronic Inflammation
73. The liver contain stem cells in? Canal of Hering
74. Most important cells for wound contraction is? Myofibroblasts
75. Resistance to tension in main function of which collagen? Type 1
76. Liver regenerates in how many days? 1014 Days
77. Most common cause of impaired wound healing? Infection
78. Cells increasing in number is called? Hyperplasia
79. Grading of tumor is done by? Degree of Cellular Differentiation on
Histological Examination
80. Sarcoma involves which origin? Mesenchymal
81. Down syndrome is associated with which malignancy? ALL
82. Most common metastatic cancer to bone? Breast, Prostate
83. Barrett's esophagus associated with ? Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
84. Bcl2 gene associated with which tumor ? Follicular Lymphoma
85. Ret gene associated with which tumor? MEN 2A, 2B
86. Li fraumani syndrome associated with which gene? P53
87. Colorectal carcinoma associated with which gene? APC
88. TRAP is tumor marker of? Hairy Cell Leukemia
89. S100 tumor marker of? Melanoma, Astrocytoma
90. Calcitonin tumor marker of? Medullary CA of Thyroid
91. Disease associated with asbestosis? Mesothelioma, Bronchogenic CA
92. Vinyl chloride associated with which disease ? Angiosarcoma
93. ACTH like peptide are secreted by which tumor? Small Cell Lung CA
94. Name disease associated with Psammoma bodies? Medullary CA of Thyroid,
Serous Cystadenocarcinoma of Ovaries, Meningioma, Malignant Mesothelioma
95. Most common site of metastasis ? Lymph Nodes
96. Most common cancer related death? Lung CA
97. Alkylating agents associated with which malignancy? Leukemia
98. Polycythemia is associated with which carcinoma? RCC
99. CA125 tumor marker of ? Ovarian CA
100. HTLV1 virus associated cancer is? Adult T Cell Lymphoma/Leukemia
101. Rb gene associated with which 2 tumors? Retinoblastoma, Osteosarcoma
102. Dysplastic nevus associated with which neoplasm? Malignant Melanoma
103. Cachexia is mediated by? TNF a
104. ckit gene associated tumor is? GIST
105. Staging of tumor is done by? Degree of Localization/Spread based on site
and size
106. Malignancy of skeletal muscle is called ? Rhabdomyosarcoma
107. Term carcinoma implies which origin? Epithelial
108. Tumor involving all germs layers called? Teratoma
109. DPC gene associated tumor? Pancreatic CA
110. Bombesin tumor marker of? Neuroblastoma, Lung and Gastric
111. Polycystic kidney disease is which Mendelian genetic disorder? Autosomal
Dominant
112. Known cause of congenital anomalies are ? Multifactorial
113. Most common autosomal recessive disorder is ? Hemochromatosis
114. First 4 weeks of life is called which period? Neonatal Period
115. Which disease is commonly associated with down syndrome in younger
age? Alzheimer’s Disease
116. Mitochondrial DNA disorder is associated with inheritance? Maternal
117. Barr body is attached to which part of cell? Nuclear Membrane
118. Most common cause of neonatal death? Prematurity
119. Cataract is caused by which infection during pregnancy? Rubella
120. XXY genotype is of ?? Klinefelter's syndrome
121. Best way to identify Turner syndrome? Karyotyping
122. Achondroplasia is associated with ?? Inc Paternal Age
123. Pt with primary amenorrhea, webbed neck , short stature.... What is
Karyotype? 45 XO
124. Allele is which type of gene ? Non Identical
125. Triple marker for Down syndrome are?? Dec AFP, Inc hCG, Dec Estriol
126. Scanty Barr body ?? Klinefelter’s
127. Most common type of Mendelian disorder is? Autosomal Recessive
128. Most common X linked disorder is ? Fragile X Syndrome
129. Highest caloric value is of ? Fat
130. Beriberi is due to which vit def? Vit. B1
131. Most common pathogen causing congenital infection is ? CMV
132. Vit A used in treatment of? Acne and Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
133. The most common source of vit k is ? Colonic Bacteria
134. Name essential fatty acids? Linoleic acid, Linolenic acid
135. Tryptophan is used in synthesis of? Niacin
136. Ionization radiation damages which part of cell? DNA
137. Most frequent type of cancer caused by radiation? Acute Leukemia
138. Nicotine patch is in treating of?? Ulcerative Colitis
139. Most common drowning is ? Wet Drowning
140. What is the most important factor determining daily energy expenditure ?
BMR
141. Most common cause of death in anorexia nervosa ? Ventricular Arrhythmia
142. First hematological sign in total body radiation? Lymphopenia
143. Most common systemic complication of IV drug abuser? Hep B
144. Which element is use in diabetes? Chromium
145. Sepsis in burn patient is due to ? Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
146. Goat milk lacks in? Folate and Pyridoxine
147. Gene which is defective in obesity? Leptin
148. Rat poisons contain which derivative? Coumarin
149. Corn based diets are deficient in? Tryptophan and Niacin
150. Which current is more dangerous? AC
151. What metabolite of nicotine used for screening? Cotinine
152. Cofactor in conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine? Vit. C
153. Most common UV B light related cancer? Basal Cell CA
154. Vomiting in bulimia nervosa produces alkalosis? Hypokalemic
Metabolic
155. What complication occurs in shaken baby syndrome? Retinal hemorrhage
156. Which bile acid is not reabsorbed in terminal and has role in producing
colorectal cancer? Lithocholic Acid
157. 1st sign of vitamin A deficiency? Night Blindness
158. What is least sensitive to radiation? Bone
159. Avidin in raw eggs bind with ? Biotin
160. Ulcer that may develop in burn tissue is ? Marjolin
161. Buerger's disease is strongly associated with ? Smoking
162. Pellagra is due to deficiency? Niacin
163. Name fat soluble vitamins? ADEK
164. Sarcoma is derived of ? Mesenchyme
165. Non neoplastic tissue in foreign origin? Choristoma
166. is a neoplastic component and is non neoplastic component?
Parenchyma Stroma
167. Benign tumors are enclosed by fibrinous capsule except? Leiomyoma
168. Sarcomas spread through and carcinomas throughcommonly?
Blood, lymph
169. Glioblastoma multiforme seeds in?? CSF
170. Most common cancer in children is ? ALL
171. Most common type of mutation in cancer is ? Point
172. Most common anemia in cancer? ACD
173. Most common paraneoplastic syndrome? Hypercalcemia
174. Carcinoma which invade tissues but does not metastasize? Basal Cell CA
175. Virus cause cancer because they have ?? Oncogenes
176. Which of the following is the most radiosensitive phase of cell cycle? M
Phase
177. Most radiosensitive tumor is ? Lymphoma
178. Tumor involving lymph vessels is called ?Cystic Hygroma
179. Slowest growing thyroid tumor? Papillary CA
180. Radiation usually cause cancer after years?? 510 years