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HEAT EXCHANGER
Disusun oleh:
Kelompok 22
19. Klik tombol STOP untuk menghentikan proses apabila data suhu terhadap
sample sudah stabil
20. Data yang telah didapatkan disimpan. Klik SAVE dan simpan data dalam
format .xls.
21. Perhatikan untuk selalu capture gambar grafik pada opsi View Graph
22. Untuk menghentikan proses heat exchanger, pada View Diagram, klik
Heater Mode of Operation Off Apply OK
23. Pada View Diagram, klik Flow Mode of Operation Off Apply
OK.
24. Tunggu hingga suhu antara hot fluid dan cold fluid mencapai
kesetimbangan
25. Jika suhu telah setimbang, atur Cold Water Flow menjadi 0
26. Klik Power On untuk menonaktifkan heat exchanger dan close aplikasi.
27. Lakukan prosedur diatas dengan mengubah Hot Water Flow pada
Automatic Operation Set Point 2 L/min dan 3 L/min untuk
mendapatkan data dengan variable yang berbeda.
28. Setelah didapatkan data dari jenis aliran counter-current, maka
selanjutnya adalah mencari data untuk jenis aliran co-current.
29. Ketika membuka aplikasi untuk yang pertama kali, pilih opsi cocurrent
dan klik view diagram.
30. Selanjutnya, langkah-langkah yang diperlukan untuk mendapatkan data
sama dengan langkah 3 hingga 24.
31. Untuk mematikan heat exchanger, putus aliran listrik untuk pompa dan
switch posisi on ke off pada tombol Mains. Selanjutnya mematikan
komputer.
C. ANALISA DATA
(1)
3.5
Perubahan Suhu Panas (˚C)
3.0
43 C Counter Current
2.5
48 C Counter Currrent
2.0
43 C Co-Current
1.5
48 C Co-Current
1.0
1 2 3
Flow rate (L/menit)
Gambar 1. Hubungan antara flow rate dengan perubahan suhu panas pada
Counter Current dan Co-Current
Dari gambar 1. menunjukkan bahwa perpindahan panas pada aliran co-
current lebih besar daripada pada aliran counter-current. Pada kedua jenis
aliran, perubahan suhu panas dipengaruhi oleh suhu fluida masuk dan flow
rate. Suhu fluida masuk berbanding terbalik dengan flow rate. Semakin
tinggi suhu fluida masuk maka perpindahan panas yang terjadi akan
semakin tinggi, sedangkan semakin cepat Flow rate fluida panas maka
perpindahan panas yang terjadi kurang baik hal ini dikarenakan kontak
antara hot fluid dengan cold fluid berlangsung lebih cepat sehingga panas
yang ditransfer semakin kecil.
150.0
140.0
Overall Efficiency (%)
Gambar 2. Hubungan antara flow rate (L/menit) dengan Overall Efficiency (%)
pada jenis aliran counter-current dan co-current.
Dari gambar 2. dapat disimpulka bahwa nilai efisiensi counter-current dan
co-current lebih besar nilai nilai efisiensi counter-current pada suhu 43OC dengan
flowrate sebesar 1L/menit. Hal ini disebabkan karena suhu rata-rata fluida dingin
lebih rendah daripada suhu lingkungan, selain itu apabila selisih suhu fluida panas
masuk semakin besar maka efisiensi transfer panas akan semakin besar. Untuk
flow rate semakin besar maka waktu tinggal didalam shell semakin cepat sehingga
menyebabkan transfer panas tidak maksimal.
Berikut gambar hubungan antara flow rate dan overall heat transfer
1700.0
Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient (U)
1600.0
1500.0
1400.0
1300.0
1200.0 43 C Counter Current
1100.0 48 C Counter Currrent
1000.0 43 C Co-Current
900.0 48 C Co-Current
800.0
700.0
600.0
1 2 3
Flowrate (L/menit)
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Geankoplis, C.J. 1983. Transport Process and Unit Operation. Third Edition.
New Delhi: Prentice-Hall of India.
Holman, J.P., 1991, Perpindahan Kalor, Ed, 6, Jakarta: Erlangga.
Kern, D.Q. and Kraus, A.D., Extended surface heat transfer, 1972, McGraw-Hill,
New York, NY.
D. DATA PENGAMATAN
Counter-Current Flow
Tabel 1. Data Pengamatan Variabel 1 Dengan Suhu 43 oC Dan Flow Rate 1 L/Menit Untuk Aliran Counter-Current
Specific
Temp Temp Temp Temp Specific Heat Hot Mass Cold Mass
Flow Heat
T1 T2 T3 T4 Hot Fluid Flow Rate Flow Rate
No Orientation Cold Fluid
Cph qmh qmc
Cpc
[°C] [°C] [°C] [°C] [kJ/kg K] [kg/s] [kg/s]
[kJ/kg K]
Heat Power Heat Power Heat Power Overall Temp Temp Mean Overall
LMTD
emitted absorbed lost Efficiency Efficiency Efficiency Temp Heat Transfer
Qe Qa Qf of hot fluid of cold fluid Efficiency Coefficient
[W] [W] [W] [%] [%] [%] [%] U
14
Tabel 3. Data Pengamatan Variabel 1 dengan Suhu 43 oC dan Flow Rate 2 L/Menit Untuk Aliran Counter-Current
Cold
Specific Specific
Temp Temp Temp Temp Hot Mass Mass
Flow Heat Heat
T1 T2 T3 T4 Flow Rate Flow
No Orientation Hot Fluid Cold Fluid
qmh Rate
Cph Cpc
[°C] [°C] [°C] [°C] [kg/s] qmc
[kJ/kg K] [kJ/kg K]
[kg/s]
4.179 4.178 0.032 0.032
1 42.7 41.1 27.6 30.1 Countercurrent
4.179 4.178 0.032 0.033
2 42.7 41.1 27.7 30.1 Countercurrent
4.179 4.178 0.033 0.032
3 42.7 41.1 27.7 30.1 Countercurrent
Tabel 4. Data Pengamatan Heat Power Variabel 1 dengan Suhu 43 oC dan Flow Rate 2 L/Menit Untuk Aliran Counter-Current
Heat Power Heat Power Heat Power Overall Temp Temp Mean Overall
LMTD
emitted absorbed lost Efficiency Efficiency Efficiency Temp Heat Transfer
Qe Qa Qf of hot fluid of cold fluid Efficiency Coefficient
[W] [W] [W] [%] [%] [%] [%] U
15
Tabel 5. Data Pengamatan Variabel 1 dengan Suhu 43 oC dan Flow Rate 3 L/Menit Untuk Aliran Counter-Current
Cold
Specific Specific
Temp Temp Temp Temp Hot Mass Mass
Flow Heat Heat
T1 T2 T3 T4 Flow Rate Flow
No Orientation Hot Fluid Cold Fluid
qmh Rate
Cph Cpc
[°C] [°C] [°C] [°C] [kg/s] qmc
[kJ/kg K] [kJ/kg K]
[kg/s]
4.179 4.178 0.050 0.032
1 43.0 41.7 28.0 30.9 Countercurrent
4.179 4.178 0.050 0.033
2 43.0 41.7 28.1 30.9 Countercurrent
4.179 4.178 0.049 0.033
3 43.0 41.7 28.1 30.9 Countercurrent
Tabel 6. Data Pengamatan Heat Power Variabel 1 dengan Suhu 43 oC dan Flow Rate 3 L/Menit Untuk Aliran Counter-Current
Heat Power Heat Power Heat Power Overall Temp Temp Mean Overall
LMTD
emitted absorbed lost Efficiency Efficiency Efficiency Temp Heat Transfer
Qe Qa Qf of hot fluid of cold fluid Efficiency Coefficient
[W] [W] [W] [%] [%] [%] [%] U
16
Tabel 7. Data Pengamatan Variabel 2 dengan Suhu 48 oC dan Flow Rate 1 L/Menit Untuk Aliran Counter-Current
Cold
Specific Specific
Temp Temp Temp Temp Hot Mass Mass
Flow Heat Heat
T1 T2 T3 T4 Flow Rate Flow
No Orientation Hot Fluid Cold Fluid
qmh Rate
Cph Cpc
[°C] [°C] [°C] [°C] [kg/s] qmc
[kJ/kg K] [kJ/kg K]
[kg/s]
4.180 4.178 0.017 0.032
1 48.4 45.0 28.3 30.8 Countercurrent
4.180 4.178 0.016 0.032
2 48.4 45.0 28.3 30.8 Countercurrent
4.180 4.178 0.017 0.032
3 48.4 45.0 28.3 30.8 Countercurrent
Tabel 8. Data Pengamatan Heat Power Variabel 2 dengan Suhu 48 oC dan Flow Rate 1 L/Menit Untuk Aliran Counter-Current
Heat Power Heat Power Heat Power Overall Temp Temp Mean Overall
LMTD
emitted absorbed lost Efficiency Efficiency Efficiency Temp Heat Transfer
Qe Qa Qf of hot fluid of cold fluid Efficiency Coefficient
[W] [W] [W] [%] [%] [%] [%] U
17
Tabel 9. Data Pengamatan Variabel 2 dengan Suhu 48 oC dan Flow Rate 2 L/Menit Untuk Aliran Counter-Current
Cold
Specific Specific
Temp Temp Temp Temp Hot Mass Mass
Flow Heat Heat
T1 T2 T3 T4 Flow Rate Flow
No Orientation Hot Fluid Cold Fluid
qmh Rate
Cph Cpc
[°C] [°C] [°C] [°C] [kg/s] qmc
[kJ/kg K] [kJ/kg K]
[kg/s]
4.180 4.178 0.033 0.032
1 47.9 45.7 28.4 31.6 Countercurrent
4.180 4.178 0.033 0.032
2 47.9 45.7 28.4 31.6 Countercurrent
4.180 4.178 0.034 0.032
3 47.9 45.7 28.4 31.6 Countercurrent
Tabel 10. Data Pengamatan Heat Power Variabel 2 dengan Suhu 48 oC dan Flow Rate 2 L/Menit Untuk Aliran Counter-Current
Heat Power Heat Power Heat Power Overall Temp Temp Mean Overall
LMTD
emitted absorbed lost Efficiency Efficiency Efficiency Temp Heat Transfer
Qe Qa Qf of hot fluid of cold fluid Efficiency Coefficient
[W] [W] [W] [%] [%] [%] [%] U
18
Tabel 11. Data Pengamatan Variabel 2 dengan Suhu 48 oC dan Flow Rate 3 L/Menit Untuk Aliran Counter-Current
Cold
Specific Specific
Temp Temp Temp Temp Hot Mass Mass
Flow Heat Heat
T1 T2 T3 T4 Flow Rate Flow
No Orientation Hot Fluid Cold Fluid
qmh Rate
Cph Cpc
[°C] [°C] [°C] [°C] [kg/s] qmc
[kJ/kg K] [kJ/kg K]
[kg/s]
4.180 4.178 0.050 0.032
1 47.7 46.0 28.5 32.1 Countercurrent
4.180 4.178 0.050 0.032
2 47.7 46.0 28.5 32.1 Countercurrent
4.180 4.178 0.049 0.033
3 47.7 46.0 28.5 32.1 Countercurrent
Tabel 12. Data Pengamatan Heat Power Variabel 2 dengan Suhu 48 oC dan Mass Flow 3 L/Menit Untuk Aliran Counter-Current
Heat Power Heat Power Heat Power Overall Temp Temp Mean Overall
LMTD
emitted absorbed lost Efficiency Efficiency Efficiency Temp Heat Transfer
Qe Qa Qf of hot fluid of cold fluid Efficiency Coefficient
[W] [W] [W] [%] [%] [%] [%] U
19
Co-Current Flow
Tabel 13. Data Pengamatan Variabel 1 dengan Suhu 43 oC dan Flow Rate 1 L/Menit Untuk Aliran Co-Current
Cold
Specific Specific
Temp Temp Temp Temp Hot Mass Mass
Flow Heat Heat
T1 T2 T3 T4 Flow Rate Flow
No Orientation Hot Fluid Cold Fluid
qmh Rate
Cph Cpc
[°C] [°C] [°C] [°C] [kg/s] qmc
[kJ/kg K] [kJ/kg K]
[kg/s]
4.180 4.178 0.017 0.030
1 38.6 41.0 28.9 30.6 Cocurrent
4.180 4.178 0.017 0.030
2 38.6 41.0 28.9 30.6 Cocurrent
4.180 4.178 0.017 0.030
3 38.6 41.2 28.9 30.6 Cocurrent
Tabel 14. Data Pengamatan Heat Power Variable 1 dengan Suhu 43 oC dan Flow Rate 1 L/Menit Untuk Aliran Co-Current
Heat Power Heat Power Heat Power Overall Temp Temp Mean Overall
LMTD
emitted absorbed lost Efficiency Efficiency Efficiency Temp Heat Transfer
Qe Qa Qf of hot fluid of cold fluid Efficiency Coefficient
[W] [W] [W] [%] [%] [%] [%] U
20
Tabel 15. Data Pengamatan Variabel 1 dengan Suhu 43 oC dan Flow Rate 2 L/Menit Untuk Aliran Co-Current
Cold
Specific Specific
Temp Temp Temp Temp Hot Mass Mass
Flow Heat Heat
T1 T2 T3 T4 Flow Rate Flow
No Orientation Hot Fluid Cold Fluid
qmh Rate
Cph Cpc
[°C] [°C] [°C] [°C] [kg/s] qmc
[kJ/kg K] [kJ/kg K]
[kg/s]
4.180 4.178 0.032 0.030
1 40.8 42.7 29.2 31.5 Cocurrent
4.180 4.178 0.033 0.030
2 40.8 42.8 29.2 31.5 Cocurrent
4.180 4.178 0.032 0.030
3 40.8 42.8 29.3 31.5 Cocurrent
Tabel 16. Data Pengamatan Heat Power Variable 1 dengan Suhu 43 oC dan Flow Rate 2 L/Menit Untuk Aliran Co-Current
Heat Power Heat Power Heat Power Overall Temp Temp Mean Overall
LMTD
emitted absorbed lost Efficiency Efficiency Efficiency Temp Heat Transfer
Qe Qa Qf of hot fluid of cold fluid Efficiency Coefficient
[W] [W] [W] [%] [%] [%] [%] U
21
Tabel 17. Data Pengamatan Variabel 1 dengan Suhu 43 oC dan Flow Rate 3 L/Menit Untuk Aliran Co-Current
Cold
Specific Specific
Temp Temp Temp Temp Hot Mass Mass
Flow Heat Heat
T1 T2 T3 T4 Flow Rate Flow
No Orientation Hot Fluid Cold Fluid
qmh Rate
Cph Cpc
[°C] [°C] [°C] [°C] [kg/s] qmc
[kJ/kg K] [kJ/kg K]
[kg/s]
4.180 4.178 0.050 0.030
1 41.3 42.9 29.5 32.0 Cocurrent
4.180 4.178 0.050 0.030
2 41.3 42.9 29.5 32.0 Cocurrent
4.180 4.178 0.049 0.030
3 41.3 42.9 29.5 32.0 Cocurrent
Tabel 18. Data Pengamatan Heat Power Variable 1 dengan Suhu 43 oC dan Flow Rate 3 L/Menit Untuk Aliran Co-Current
Heat Power Heat Power Heat Power Overall Temp Temp Mean Overall
LMTD
emitted absorbed lost Efficiency Efficiency Efficiency Temp Heat Transfer
Qe Qa Qf of hot fluid of cold fluid Efficiency Coefficient
[W] [W] [W] [%] [%] [%] [%] U
22
Tabel 19. Data Pengamatan Variabel 2 dengan Suhu 48 oC dan Flow Rate 1 L/Menit Untuk Aliran Co-Current
Cold
Specific Specific
Temp Temp Temp Temp Hot Mass Mass
Flow Heat Heat
T1 T2 T3 T4 Flow Rate Flow
No Orientation Hot Fluid Cold Fluid
qmh Rate
Cph Cpc
[°C] [°C] [°C] [°C] [kg/s] qmc
[kJ/kg K] [kJ/kg K]
[kg/s]
4.180 4.178 0.017 0.029
1 44.4 48.3 29.7 32.0 Cocurrent
4.180 4.178 0.017 0.030
2 44.4 48.3 29.7 32.0 Cocurrent
4.180 4.178 0.017 0.030
3 44.4 48.1 29.7 32.0 Cocurrent
Tabel 20. Data Pengamatan Heat Power Variable 2 dengan Suhu 48 oC dan Flow Rate 1 L/Menit Untuk Aliran Co-Current
Heat Power Heat Power Heat Power Overall Temp Temp Mean Overall
LMTD
emitted absorbed lost Efficiency Efficiency Efficiency Temp Heat Transfer
Qe Qa Qf of hot fluid of cold fluid Efficiency Coefficient
[W] [W] [W] [%] [%] [%] [%] U
23
Tabel 21. Data Pengamatan Variabel 2 dengan Suhu 48 oC dan Flow Rate 2 L/Menit Untuk Aliran Co-Current
Cold
Specific Specific
Temp Temp Temp Temp Hot Mass Mass
Flow Heat Heat
T1 T2 T3 T4 Flow Rate Flow
No Orientation Hot Fluid Cold Fluid
qmh Rate
Cph Cpc
[°C] [°C] [°C] [°C] [kg/s] qmc
[kJ/kg K] [kJ/kg K]
[kg/s]
4.180 4.178 0.033 0.030
1 45.3 47.9 30.0 33.0 Cocurrent
4.180 4.178 0.033 0.030
2 45.3 47.9 30.0 33.0 Cocurrent
4.180 4.178 0.033 0.030
3 45.3 47.9 30.0 33.0 Cocurrent
Tabel 22. Data Pengamatan Heat Power Variable 2 dengan Suhu 48 oC dan Flow Rate 2 L/Menit Untuk Aliran Co-Current
Heat Power Heat Power Heat Power Overall Temp Temp Mean Overall
LMTD
emitted absorbed lost Efficiency Efficiency Efficiency Temp Heat Transfer
Qe Qa Qf of hot fluid of cold fluid Efficiency Coefficient
[W] [W] [W] [%] [%] [%] [%] U
24
Tabel 23. Data Pengamatan Variabel 2 dengan Suhu 48 oC dan Flow Rate 3 L/Menit Untuk Aliran Co-Current
Cold
Specific Specific
Temp Temp Temp Temp Hot Mass Mass
Flow Heat Heat
T1 T2 T3 T4 Flow Rate Flow
No Orientation Hot Fluid Cold Fluid
qmh Rate
Cph Cpc
[°C] [°C] [°C] [°C] [kg/s] qmc
[kJ/kg K] [kJ/kg K]
[kg/s]
4.180 4.178 0.050 0.031
1 45.7 48.0 30.5 33.9 Cocurrent
4.180 4.178 0.050 0.031
2 45.7 47.9 30.5 33.9 Cocurrent
4.180 4.178 0.050 0.031
3 45.7 47.9 30.5 33.9 Cocurrent
Tabel 24. Data Pengamatan Heat Power Variable 2 dengan Suhu 48 oC dan Flow Rate 3 L/Menit Untuk Aliran Co-Current
Heat Power Heat Power Heat Power Overall Temp Temp Mean Overall
LMTD
emitted absorbed lost Efficiency Efficiency Efficiency Temp Heat Transfer
Qe Qa Qf of hot fluid of cold fluid Efficiency Coefficient
[W] [W] [W] [%] [%] [%] [%] U
25