FYP Journal 2018

JOURNAL 2018 BOOK OF ABSTRACTS
FINAL YEAR
PROJECTS
Engineering Excellence:
CONTINUE, CONNECT,
COLLABORATE
The Final Year Project Journal 2018 is a publication of the College of Engineering, Xavier
University – Ateneo de Cagayan. It is a Compilation of Abstracts of the Students' Final Year
Projects of the current school year. The Final Year Projects Display and Presentation is also a
way of peer review and a venue for healthy constructive competition among students.
FINAL YEAR PROJECTS JOURNAL 2018 COMMITTEE
Christine May C. Creayla

Chairperson
Jan Carlos Vincent G. Arquiza

Layout Artist
Sam Stephen S. Mangubat

Emmanuel Nikko P. Quiogue
Text Editors
Articles published in this journal are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily
reflect the position of the Journal Committee and of Xavier University. For further information
regarding the projects, please send them to the e-mail addresses indicated by the authors.
For general inquiries:

Final Year Project Journal 2018 Committee
c/o College of Engineering
Engineering Building
Xavier University Main Campus
9000 Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines
Mobile No: +63 88 856 9800
TABLE OF CONTENTS
5 FYPDP 2018 FINALISTS

6 OXIDATIVE TORREFACTION OF WASTE CASSAVA PULP (MANIHOT ESCULENTA) IN A
FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR
7 ECO VERSATILE ENERGY SUPPLY RELIEF CENTER
8 RECYCLING HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE AND POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE
PLASTIC OF ALUBIJID, MISAMIS ORIENTAL INTO PLASTIC SLAB USING SOLAR
FURNACE
9 VIP MOBILITY SENSOR
10 UI COLLAB: UNIVERSITY-INDUSTRY INTERNSHIP GATEWAY
11 SLOPE STABILITY MODELING OF RAIN-INDUCED LANDSLIDE IN CARMEN HILL,
CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY
12 MATERIAL SYNTHESIS AND PROCESSING

13 A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF LOAD BEARING WALL FROM FERRO CEMENT HOLLOW
BLOCKS WITH BAMBOO CULMS AS REINFORCEMENT AND CONVENTIONAL LOAD
BEARING WALL
14 A STUDY OF PREVIOUS CONCRETE USING COCONUT SHELL AS PARTIAL
REPLACEMENT OF COARSE AGGREGATE
15 AN EXPERIMENTAL TESTING OF SQUARE FOOTING IN A TIRE-DERIVED GEOCELL-
REINFORCED SOIL
16 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF LOAD BEARING CONCRETE ECO BLOCK USING FLY ASH
ADDITIVE AND POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE BOTTLES FILLED WITH RESIDUAL
WASTE
17 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF PRECAST FERROCEMENT WALL ELEMENT WITH
EXPANDABLE POLYSTYRENE (EPS) CORES
18 DESIGN OF LIGHTLY REINFORCED CONCRETE FORMWORK WITH FLY ASH ADDITIVE
PRECAST ELEMENT FOR COLUMN APPLICATION
19 AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE SOUND ABSORPTION OF BRICKS MADE FROM
COAL
20 EXTRACTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CELLULOSE NANOFIBER FROM WASTE
CASSAVA (MANIHOT ESCULENTA) PEELINGS BY ACID HYDROLYSIS
21 REGENERATION EFFICIENCY AND BREAKTHROUGH CURVE DETERMINATION OF
SULFONATED POLYSTYRENE – POWDERED ACTIVATED CARBON (SPS – PAC)
COMPOSITE
22 SODA PULPING OF DECORTICATING ABACA (MUSA TEXTILIS) WASTE (DAW) FOR THE
PRODUCTION OF HANDMADE PAPER
23 COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DIFFERENT MINI EVAPORATORS FOR VACCINE KIT USING
1,1,1,2 – TETRAFLUOROETHANE(R-134A)
24 COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PRESSURE DROP ON A MICRO EXPANSION DEVICE FOR
THE DEVELOPMENT OF A MINI VACCINE CARRIER
25 DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF A SOLAR POWERED MINIATURE ICE PLANT USING
EXTENDED SURFACE EVAPORATOR COILS FOR ALUBIJID FISH LANDING
26 TRANSPORTATION AND SYSTEMS ENGINEERING

27 APPLIANCE RECOGNITION USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK FOR REAL-TIME
POWER MONITORING
28 AUTOMATED STOCK INVENTORY USING SENSORS (RFID) FOR NATIONAL BLOOD
BANKS
29 GSM BASED ELECTRONIC PET FOOD DISPENSER
30 SELF-ORDERING APPLICATION SOFTWARE
31 XAVIER UNIVERSITY WIRELESS PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM (TERTIARY BELL SYSTEM)
32 A BUSINESS MODEL FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SOLAR POWERED MINI ICE PLANTS
33 A FEASIBILITY STUDY ON SCOLIO SUPPORT ARMCHAIR
34 MODIFYING SCHOOL ARMCHAIRS FOR LEFT AND RIGHT HANDED STUDENTS WITH
THE USE OF ERGONOMICS
35 ASSESSMENT OF TRUCK ROUTES ALONG PRIMARY ARTERIAL HIGHWAYS IN THE
CITY OF CAGAYAN DE ORO
36 QUEUING ANALYSIS IN UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTION WITH BRIDGE APPROACH IN
CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY
37 SUSTAINABILITY OF MOTORELAS IN CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY
38 TRAFFIC CONGESTION ANALYSIS OF UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS IN CAGAYAN
DE ORO CITY
39 WALKABILITY ANALYSIS OF PEDESTRIAN FACILITIES ALONG SELECTED PUBLIC
SCHOOL ZONES AREAS IN CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY
40 JEEP-CTS (CONVENIENT TRANSFORMATION SERVICES FOR JEEPNEYS): THE
BETTER SOLUTION FOR JEEPNEY MODERNIZATION
41 SMART PORTABLE OPERATED TRAFFIC SYSTEM
42 DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT

43 LIQUEFACTION POTENTIAL OF POBLACION, CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY
44 SEISMIC FRAGILITY OF BURIED WATER LIFELINE SYSTEM IN POBLACION, CAGAYAN
DE ORO CITY
45 SEISMIC FRAGILITY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN XAVIER UNIVERSITY
– ATENEO DE CAGAYAN, MAIN CAMPUS, CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY
46 STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF THE PROPOSED FLOOD MITIGATING DAM IN CAMAMAN-AN,
CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY
47 TWO-DIMENSIONAL FLOOD INUNDATION MODELLING ALONG THE PROPOSED DIKE
SYSTEM OF THE TAGOLOAN RIVER
48 MULTI- RELIEF DISASTER TRUCK
49 RIVER SIFTER
50 ENVIRONMENT AND RENEWABLE ENERGY

51 QUANTIFYING NON-REVENUE WATER AND EFFICIENT WATER USAGE FOR
GOVERNMENT FACILITIES THROUGH WATER AUDIT
52 XAVIER UNIVERSITY WATER AUDIT AND WATER DEMAND FORECASTING
53 SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER
54 SOIL FERTILITY SENSING USING ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY
55 CFO FILTER – AN ALTERNATIVE CLEANING FILTER FOR DRAINAGES
56 WATER POWER OPTIMIZATION USING DUCTED PADDLE WHEEL FOR PUMPING AND
POWER GENERATION
57 CULTIVATION OF CHLORELLA VULGARIS USING PINEAPPLE PROCESSING PLANT
WASTEWATER AS MEDIUM
58 STUDY ON BATCH FERMENTATIVE SYSTEMS ON THE PRODUCTION OF VINEGAR
FROM PINEAPPLE (ANANAS COMOSUS) AND MANGO (MANGIFERA INDICA) REJECTS
59 CONVERTING THERMAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY USING
THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR
60 INTRODUCTION OF BUILDING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR EFFICIENT ENERGY
UTILIZATION
61 ECO STRAW
62 PROJECT FEASIBILITY ON BOTTLE BANK VENDING MACHINE
63 FABRICATION OF A TESLA TURBINE INCORPORATED WITH “FISH FINS” FOR THE
ELECTRIC GENERATION IN SITO TAGUANAO, BARANGAY INDAHAG, MISAMIS
ORIENTAL
64 ONSHORE DUCTED WIND BELT FARM USING FILM STRIPS FOR ALUBIJID, MISAMIS
ORIENTAL
65 SOLAR POWERED DATA ACQUISITION OF WAVE CHARACTERISTICS VIA GLOBAL
SYSTEM FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATION
FYPDP 2018
FYPDPFINALISTS
2018 FINALISTS
OXIDATIVE TORREFACTION OF WASTE
CASSAVA PULP (MANIHOT ESCULENTA)
IN A FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR
Riyah Junelyn B. Dispo*, Emmanuel C. Cimafranca I, Kristine Paula A. Quilab,

Carlo Manuel A. Banquerigo
Chemical Engineering Department
Maria Theresa Isla-Cabaraban PhD

Faculty Adviser
Abstract
This study investigates torrefaction, for the production from waste cassava pulp of a high-value product
(biochar), which potentially could be used as an alternative for coal for power production. Specifically,
the research aimed to determine the effects reaction temperature and oxygen concentration on the energy
recovery yield. The waste cassava pulp underwent feed preparation through size reduction (particle
size = 2mm) and drying (up to 10% moisture) before it was fed into the reactor. Oxygen concentration
was varied by using ambient air and the recycled non-condensable gas produced from the process,
as the fluidizing medium. The parameters such as air flow rate, biomass feed rate, and run time were
maintained constant. Biochar produced was characterized through higher heating value (HHV) and
proximate analysis. Results show that the biochar produced from torrefaction without gas recycling
and with recycling were 21.42 MJ/kg and 15.66 MJ/kg, respectively, suggesting that higher VCM and
moisture content could have lowered the HHV of the biochar. The bio-char from torrefaction without gas
recycling contained 61.98% FC, 17.62% VCM, 1.20% water, and 19.21% ash; with recycling, biochar
contained 43.74% FC, 41.90% VCM, 4.76% moisture, and 9.60% ash. Energy recovery for torrefaction
without gas recycling was almost the same (29.27%) as that when recycling was used (30.35%). Results
indicate that torrefaction of waste cassava pulp without using gas recycle produced biochar with HHV
comparable to sub-bituminous coal, making it a potential alternative to coal for power generation.
Keywords: Torrefaction; Pyrolysis; Oxidative Thermochemical Conversion; Biochar; Proximate Analysis; HHV; FC; VCM
*Corresponding Author Mobile.: 0917-163-7420

E-mail address: teamtorrefaction@gmail.com
PAGE 6
ECO VERSATILE ENERGY
SUPPLY RELIEF CENTER
Liezel A. Cheng*, Therese Nicole G. Flores, Nikko Mc Wane R. Galvez, Louis Paolo R. Macapayag,
Joeune B. Merencillo, Francis A. Neri
Electrical Engineering Department
Engr. Gunnar Marc Shane C. Cabaraban

Faculty Adviser
Abstract
This paper presents an Eco Versatile Energy Supply Relief Center (EVES Relief Center) that aims to
design a collapsible, mobile, and versatile photovoltaic generator that could provide temporary power
to disaster-stricken areas and remote communities. Mobile, because it can be towed by a truck or a car
and can be easily deployed in the field. Collapsible, because it can be easily taken apart and placed
back together. Versatile, because it has a wide variety of applications. The EVES Relief Center helps
toward disaster relief, emergency operations, and relieving the problem in household electrification in
places not served by distribution utilities. The designed Eco Versatile Energy Supply Relief Center is
comprised of six (6) 250W solar panels, two (2) 40A rated charge controllers, one (1) 1000W inverter,
five (5) deep cycle solar batteries, USE-2 wires and protective devices. Each component was sized
according to standards and formulas that are commonly practiced, and found in the National Electrical
Code. The EVES Relief Center is able to provide 5 kWh of power in a day to provide the clean, mobile,
and temporary power for charging, lighting and powering small water pumps. The Levelized cost of
Electricity (LCOE) of the Energy Supply Relief Center is barely 4 Php/kWh, which is consistent with
international data for the range of cost of Photovoltaic generators, and is able to have a payback period
as early as 3 years, if used instead of a diesel-powered energy source. The function of the device is not
limited to lighting non-electrified locations, but it can be used by organizations such as red cross for
blood donation in distant places where lighting and equipment are not guaranteed in those venues. The
possibilities of its use are endless, and it has proven to be beyond useful as an off-grid source of clean
power.
Keywords: Mobile Energy Supply; Photovoltaic; Relief Center; Off-Grid; Clean Power;
*Corresponding Author Mobile.: +63-933-166-7050

E-mail address: supercheng17@gmail.com
PAGE 7
RECYCLING HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE
AND POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE
PLASTIC OF ALUBIJID, MISAMIS ORIENTAL
INTO PLASTIC SLAB USING SOLAR FURNACE
Joseph Ali O. Salvaña*, Mary Jo V. Cabactulan, Justin Paolo E. Almarza

Mechanical Engineering Department
Engr. Nelson T. Corbita Jr.

Faculty Adviser
Abstract
As the population continues to grow, the amount of garbage that people produce also increases, of which
plastic takes the biggest pie. Residents in Alubijid, Misamis Oriental, for example, faces the problem of
accumulating plastic waste in their Material Recovery Facility. The hope of this study is to help problems
such as the ones encountered by the residents in Alubijid by proposing a way to utilize high density
polyethylene (HDPE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastics from their Material Recovery and
transform it into useful plastic slabs using solar furnace. The plastic is shredded into smaller pieces and
placed inside the molder. The molder is then placed inside the container where the focal point of the spot
lens is focused. The molder is partially submerged to a liquefied paraffin wax which serves as a latent
heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) to distribute heat all over the molder in which the solar furnace
provides the heat from the sun to melt the plastic. Solar furnace is composed of a spot Fresnel lens and
a parabolic heater which amplify the solar heat to the molder. Lastly, the molder is removed from the
container and cooled for a while. In this study, only the HDPE plastic is successfully melted. When the
plastic slab is ready, compressive strength of the final product is determined using Universal Testing
Machine. The obtained compressive strengths of the HDPE plastic slabs are as follows: 15.50 MPa,
14.11 MPa, 15.43 MPa and 16.58 MPa. Comparing to the compressive strength of a first class brick
having 10.31 MPa, the HDPE plastic slab’s compressive strength is way higher. Based on the results, the
final product (HDPE plastic slab) is suitable as substitute to first class bricks to make pathways.
Keywords: Solar Furnace; Spot Fresnel Lens; High Density Polyethylene; Polyethylene Terephthalate; Universal Testing
Machine

E-mail address: joseph.salvana71@gmail.com
PAGE 8
VIP MOBILITY SENSOR
Carlo Kristian O. Pailagao*, Kiana Louise B. Razalo, Ralph Laurence B. Tan

Electronics Engineering Department
Lolit Villanueva, PECE, MEng

Faculty Adviser
Abstract
Visually impaired people struggle with day-to-day activities because of their health condition. It has
been a practice for the VIP to use white canes to detect obstacles for mobility. However, they are still
prone to collision and falling since the cane has a single detection. The objective of this project is to
design a device that could detect obstacles with the use of a compact ultrasonic module to be attached
to the existing white canes with the aim to improve the mobility of the visually impaired. To reach the
objective, a device will be programed to detect obstacles of different surfaces. The final design of the
device must be lightweight and compact so that it could be mounted on a white cane. Similar studies
have had attempts but either they had to eliminate the white canes or introduce an entirely new one.
The idea with white canes is that it is already an extension of the eye of the visually impaired. The
ultrasonic sensors will be controlled by a micro-controller which is the Arduino Nano and then paired
with a notification device – piezo buzzer. The ultrasonic sensors send out bursts of ultrasonic waves
and bounces back to the sensors for its detection operation which can be programmed according to the
desired range. The distance can be measured by the time it takes for the waves to bounce and return.
The piezo buzzer serves as a notification for both the user and the people around the user. Finally, the
prototype showed an electronic device that was mounted on an existing white cane. The user will then be
able to simultaneously detect obstacles both manually with the cane and electronically with the sensors.
Keywords: VIP; Ultrasonic Sensors; Object Detection; White Cane

E-mail address: carlopailagao@gmail.com
PAGE 9
UI COLLAB: UNIVERSITY-INDUSTRY
INTERNSHIP GATEWAY
Jaya Minorca D. Bautista*, Monica Marie G. Baba, Jericko A. Chi

Industrial Engineering Department
Engr. Ingrid Yvonne Madrial

Faculty Adviser
Abstract
In response to the demand in strengthening the university and industry collaboration, the UI Collab
aims to create a gateway that would expedite the internship application, processing, monitoring, and
evaluation. Current portals for internship search are present but with the absence of company internship
performance ratings, Commission on Higher Education (CHED) accreditation [1], and other functions
for internship processes. The UI Collab is designed solely dedicated for the internship/on-the-job-
training purposes, ensuring that companies entering the platform are following the internship/on-the-job
training protocols, and institutions (schools, universities, and colleges) are higher education institutions
(HEI) [2], which are the only allowed institutions by CHED to have internship programs. UI Collab is
a CHED accredited site. In this case, HEIs should register to UI Collab prior to opening internship/on-
the-job-training program and companies who wish to have interns should also register. The UI Collab
opens many and various opportunities to the applicants. Students who undergo the program will be
given an account and are allowed to choose a company, as long as the position matches their course. The
coordinator is notified once the student applies and shall then proceed approving the application. From
then, the student could now send the resume or curriculum vitae and other requirements. The companies
will be notified once the application is place and shall issue feedback to the applicant maximum of one
(1) week. Memorandums, monitoring, and evaluation forms will be uploaded in the portal for submission
which allows companies and internship coordinators to access it. The project is expected not only to
speed up the internship process, but also to enhance the skills by expanding opportunities and choices of
the students, having the internship they desire.
Keywords: Commission on Higher Education Accreditation; Higher Education Institutions;

E-mail address: jayabautista@gmail.com
PAGE 10
SLOPE STABILITY MODELING OF
RAIN-INDUCED LANDSLIDE IN CARMEN
HILL, CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY
Aeron Jan A. Sy Cezar*, Dan Runielle S. Cabahug, Jason B. Co,

Nikko James C. Veronilla, and Ray-An Vince D. Yray
Civil Engineering Department
Dr. Gerardo Apor, CE and Engr. Dexter S. Lo

Faculty Adviser
Abstract
Carmen Hill in Cagayan de Oro City bears great importance to its surrounding areas- having primary
road ways, infrastructures, schools, buildings and houses surrounding it. With the effects of climate
change perceptible in our communities, this causes the present and future rainfall to reach new highs
and lows leading to rain-induced landslides, which has been prevalent and recurring in the area over
the years. One of the most common triggering factors of slope instability is rainfall, where it directly
influences the strength of the soil. The main focus of the study is to develop a slope stability map of
rain-induced landslides, and the Simplified Bishop Method is used in calculating the Factor of Safety
(FOS) of the soil slice sections to analyze the slope stability. The factor of safety of all soil slice sections
are then modeled and are simulated with the recent local rain events of January 1 to 15 (2009) and
Typhoon Sendong (2011) which are notable for its respective impacts on the community. Results show
that January 1 to 15, 2009 rainfall event caused a few slope areas to slide, and the rest of the areas range
from nominally stable to stable. While the Typhoon Sendong resulted to all areas’ predicted stability
zone range from nominally stable to stable. These results are justified by the recorded events in the study
areas. The results imply that when the ground water level rises, the factor of safety decreases, making the
soil slice section less stable. It also suggests that the rainfall duration, intensity and the present ground
water level correlates with each other in contributing to the possibility of rain-induced landslides.
Keywords: Slope Stability; Rain-Induced; Landslide; Carmen Hill;
*Corresponding Author Mobile: +63-917-146-4734

E-mail address: aeronsycezar@gmail.com
PAGE 11
MATERIAL SYNTHESIS
MATERIAL SYNTHESIS
AND PROCESSING
AND PROCESSING
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF LOAD BEARING
WALL FROM FERRO CEMENT HOLLOW BLOCKS
WITH BAMBOO CULMS AS REINFORCEMENT
AND CONVENTIONAL LOAD BEARING WALL
Vincent Fred L. Julian*, Maryfaith L. Estoque, James Ryan O. Cuñado, John Florence P. Embudo
Civil Engineering
Engr. Julie Ann I. Dela Cruz

Faculty Adviser
Abstract
In recent years, steel is one of the most widely used and most recycled metal material on earth. Moreover,
the majority of steel production goes to the construction industry, especially in the construction of
infrastructure like roads, buildings, bridges, railways, modern architecture like airports and skyscrapers,
and also residential homes and recreational parks. Most structures are held up by steel reinforcement,
and concrete walls and pillars use steel bars to reinforce them. Thus, makes the steel demands drastically
increasing for the past and coming years. Furthermore, with the steel production, environmental
destruction such as pollution of air and water has been occurring in some regions by rapid development
and manufacture of materials like iron, steel, glass, cement and aluminum that use limited mineral
resources. In response to global warming issues and sustainable society, the manufacturing using natural
materials has become active. Bamboo, low cost, fast growing, and broad distribution of growth, is
expected to contribute significantly to the construction world, specifically in replacement of steel as
reinforcing material to a particular construction of a building part, such as wall. This study investigates
the potential of high-performance bamboo culm to replace the steel reinforcements in structural concrete
applications. The technology as such is to be considered low-tech with injected high-tech knowledge
and components in order to up-scale and install it in developing territories. Furthermore, this wall design
proposal is made up from a hollow blocks, which is distinct from the typical hollow blocks. These
hollow blocks are in hybrid form, in which, it is mainly composed of Ferro cement. Thereby, this study
gives critical review of the most recent developments of bamboo culm based reinforced walls and the
summary of main results presented, focusing on the processing methodology and ultimate properties of
bamboo culm applications in well-designed economical construction of walls.
Keywords: Steel; Bamboo Culm; Bamboo Reinforcement; Ferro-Cement; Hollow Blocks
*Corresponding Author Mobile: +63-927-669 -6022

E-mail address: vincentfred.julian@gmail.com
PAGE 13
A STUDY OF PREVIOUS CONCRETE
USING COCONUT SHELL AS PARTIAL
REPLACEMENT OF COARSE AGGREGATE
Dellany Rea C. Arquisola, Jacqueline Sheena R. Jumuad, Adele Christine B. Lamco*,

Haylee Kane A. Nave, Precious Grace C. Yu
Civil Engineering
Dr. Gerardo P. Apor

Faculty Adviser
Abstract
Coconut shell possesses good durability characteristics, high toughness and abrasion resistant properties.
It is a useful material that cannot be easily decomposed when no longer utilized. Several studies in
the past pointed out the potential use of coconut shells as partial replacement of coarse aggregate.
Therefore, the study aims to provide an option for recycling coconut shells and determine their effect
in the compressive strength of pervious concrete. Coconut shells will be formed into small chips and
these will serve as partial replacement of coarse aggregate for 5, 8, 10 and 12-percent proportion by
total weight of aggregates. The order in which data will be collected is dependent upon the 4 proportions
against one control specimen. Curing stages are set to test the compressive strengths. Data gathered will
be compared and analyzed whether they reach the standard compressive strength given by the Pervious
Concrete Organization. The results yield data indicating that the pervious concrete mixed with coconut
shells have lesser strength as compared to pervious concrete without additives. Analyses exhibit that
compressive strength acquired from the specimen are not capable of attaining the desired strength of
pervious concrete since the strength decreases as the ratio of the additive increases.
Keywords: Compressive Strength; Pervious Concrete; Permeability

E-mail address: 1adelelamco@gmail.com
PAGE 14
AN EXPERIMENTAL TESTING OF
SQUARE FOOTING IN A TIRE-DERIVED
GEOCELL-REINFORCED SOIL
Emmanuelle Ann F. Gozo*, Mark Jerry M. Madlos, Anthon Gilfred J. Mendoza, Ram Albert B.
Pamplona, Alyssa Therese J. Yap
Civil Engineering
Dr. Gerardo P. Apor

Faculty Adviser
Abstract
The increase in the demand for land space due to rapid urbanization and associated infrastructure
development has led to consider building on problematic soil deemed unfit for construction in the
past years. Generally, the tensile strength of soil is poor hence there is a need for soil fortification by
improving its stability, increasing its bearing capacity, and reducing deformations. Beneficial effects of
using geocells in foundations have garnered attention in the civil engineering field. Geocells provide
three-dimensional confinements to the soil that can significantly improve its performance. However,
availability of this technology is evident only to some countries not including the Philippines because of
the accessibility of its primary material, High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), therefore the use of scrap
tires as an alternative is a way to deal with this waste if not recycled. In this study, a series of laboratory
model tests was performed to investigate the influence of the tire-derived geocell reinforced over sand
under a square footing applied in a model test tank. The geocell was constructed by slicing scrap car
tires and connecting each by inserting bolts, nuts, and washers into drilled holes. Tests were conducted
by loading the square footing through a hydraulic jack and then superimposing additional pressure
until it reaches the hydraulic jack’s limit. Based on the observed results, the physical properties of tire
are comparable to that of the HDPE material used for commercial geocell proven through tensile tests.
Moreover, results indicate a significant difference in the data between the bearing pressure–settlement
curves of the unreinforced and tire-derived geocell-reinforced soil. Evaluation of the economic
assessment of the tire-derived geocell is achieved by relating the cost and material strength with that of
the commercial geocell. The results suggest that the use of tire-derived geocell is a viable reinforcement
for problematic soil.
Keywords: Tensile Strength; Geocell; Square Footing; Tire

E-mail address: anngozo1997@gmail.com
PAGE 15
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF LOAD BEARING
CONCRETE ECO BLOCK USING FLY ASH
ADDITIVE AND POLYETHYLENE
TEREPHTHALATE BOTTLES FILLED
WITH RESIDUAL WASTE
Reymundo C. Beja, Alberto Cabutotan II*, Lyle Samuelle I. Epe, Shanen C. Valladolid
Civil Engineering
Dr. Anabel A. Abuzo

Faculty Adviser
Abstract
As urbanization in Cities increases, billion tons of waste are being generated and disposed. Urban
development thus pose environmental issue particularly in the area of solid waste generation as well as
solid waste management. With this issue, the need to address solid waste reduction through reuse and
recycling becomes a challenge. Which gives rise to reuse and recycling of waste materials for building
construction application. Examples of these include energy generation in coal plants that generate fly ash
and domestic waste that generate non-biodegradable Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) plastic bottles.
This study focused on the recycling of fly ash waste and PET bottles for concrete block. In particular,
fly ash as an additive of cement with PET bottle, as composite material for load bearing ecoblock in
construction application. The study examined the compressive strength of 15%, 30% and 40% fly ash-to-
cement content. Its methodology included, namely: setting the PET bottles with residual waste, setting
the concrete mix, curing and testing of the conventional concrete block and the ecoblock. The concrete
design for compressive strength were referred from the National Structural Code of the Philippines
(NSCP). The analysis included, namely: comparative statistics of the product and cost analysis between
conventional concrete block against ecoblock in wall application. Results revealed that ecoblock yield
higher strength in 15% fly ash content compared to conventional concrete block. In addition, the cost per
unit of ecoblock at Php 32.50 is higher compared to conventional concrete blocks however, cost analysis
per unit area of concrete wall application revealed that greater 18.70% savings will be acquired using the
ecoblock compared to conventional concrete block. The study recommends the utilization of ecoblock
as construction material for wall application in one-storey building application, particularly for mass
housing and public schools building.
Keywords: Concrete Eco Block; PET Bottles; Fly Ash; Additive; Residual Waste

E-mail address: albie_mie@outlook.com
PAGE 16
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF PRECAST
FERROCEMENT WALL ELEMENT WITH
EXPANDABLE POLYSTYRENE (EPS) CORES
Silvane Lloyd P. Dalman, Nilli Victoria A. Gaid, Shaira Quiña B. Lim*, Kent Michael Malalis,
Wayne S. Militante, Jr.
Civil Engineering
Dr. Gerardo P. Apor

Faculty Adviser
Abstract
Designing an economical precast unit is complex due to many considerations. This paper presents a newly
designed precast ferrocement wall element with expandable polystyrene (EPS) cores as an alternative
conventional wall panel. This paper aims to develop an affordable and lightweight precast wall element
with adequate strength. It is composed of ferrocement, reinforced with two layers of different wire mesh
sizes, two (5cm x 16cm x 45cm) expandable polystyrene, and tie wires. Experimental investigation was
conducted on the proposed element. A total of twelve samples with EPS cores were made; six underwent
compression testing while the other six underwent Transverse load testing (specimen horizontal). A
modified compression and transverse load test set-up was done and both used a pressure gauge attached
to the hydraulic jack to determine the loads. For compression test, the first crack load and maximum
load were monitored and recorded. Transverse load test used a three-point loading to determine its
maximum load. Gathered data were analyzed and compared to the minimum compressive strength
standards of load bearing concrete masonry units (ASTM C90), mortar for unit masonry (ASTM C270)
and conventional load bearing concrete hollow block. The components of the wall element contributed
its own factor that affected its behavior: layers of reinforcement (wire mesh), size of EPS and the mortar
mixture. Test results showed that the wall element compressive strength mean of 4.264 MPa is below
the ASTM standards but has higher compressive strength than locally available load bearing CHB. The
wall element and conventional CHB’s material properties were also compared; which the wall element
has larger density and unit weight than CHB. In transverse load test result, the hollow core has brought
a major impact on the behavior of the wall element. Overall results showed the tested samples had high
maximum load and crack resistance.
Keywords: Concrete Masonry Unit; EPS Core; Ferrocement; Light Weight; Precast Wall element

E-mail address: sqblim@gmail.com
PAGE 17
DESIGN OF LIGHTLY REINFORCED CONCRETE
FORMWORK WITH FLY ASH ADDITIVE PRECAST
ELEMENT FOR COLUMN APPLICATION
Shynne Joanne M. Celdran, Sachi Joseph A. Cupay, Kit Niño A. Del Rosario,
Paulo Anthony P. Pinalba, Angeli M.Sasi*
Civil Engineering
Dr. Gerardo P. Apor

Faculty Adviser
Abstract
The suitability of Fly ash concrete as a structural material can be accepted only when its behavior
along with embedded steel proves to be satisfactory. This study presents the precast concrete formwork
with 10% of fly ash by weight to be applied on a column. The analysis is made on the basis of various
experiments conducted. It will be tested for its Compressive Strength and Punching Shear Strength.
The most common used in making a formwork for column is made in timber or steel. The use of timber
and steel formwork is for molding the column whereas in this product, the precast concrete formwork
will permanently be part of the column. The hollow part of the formwork is poured with concrete in
forming the column. The product is for business purposes to give aid to big companies to lessen their
construction time. Results conducted in this study revealed that the strengths acquired in compression
test and punching shear test can withstand loads as calculated. The product is cost efficient compared
to conventional steel formwork and time efficient compared to timber formwork. The tests conducted
are based to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). Furthermore, results show a
significant difference observed in the experimental and theoretical data.
Keywords: Fly Ash; Precast; Formwork; Compressive; Punching

E-mail address: angelimsasi@gmail.com
PAGE 18
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE SOUND
ABSORPTION OF BRICKS MADE FROM COAL
Jou Jon Galenzoga, Ronilou Sumile, Jasmine Zayas, Kenneth Zurita*

Majiah S. Collado, PECE

Faculty Adviser
Abstract
Fly ash or also known as “pulverized fuel ash” is a residual waste product from the coal combustion of
coal-based power plants which powers up the city. Prior to this, as these residual products would not
be properly disposed of would cause harmful effects to the environment. As such, it has been recycled
unto bricks to which will be used as an alternative for building constructions. This study was then
conducted to find out whether the brick could be used in acoustic constructions. In theoretical aspects,
acoustic materials offer sound absorbing properties with regards on how they are made with the physical
properties they are presented with. This study aims to obtain answers using the interrupted-noise method
and the reverberation chamber concept as a way to gather out results. We would also use concrete hollow
blocks as a way to compare with. Under this approach on conducting the study we would test it inside a
reverberation box to which its concept is based on the chamber. Testing procedures include releasing out
certain frequencies which would record the reverberation time of the sound emitted and be read on our
Spectra Plus software program. At the end, we were able to find out that fly ash bricks provide acoustic
properties however, provided with the method used showed that concrete hollow blocks provide better
sound absorbing properties. In conclusion with this study, fly ash bricks provide sound absorption which
is suitable for acoustic buildings as an alternative material.
Keywords: Acoustic; Fly Ash; Interrupted-Noise; Reverberation Chamber

E-mail address: kenzur13@gmail.com
PAGE 19
EXTRACTION AND CHARACTERIZATION
OF CELLULOSE NANOFIBER FROM
WASTE CASSAVA (MANIHOT ESCULENTA)
PEELINGS BY ACID HYDROLYSIS
Bryan Emmanuel M. Dano, Vincent S. Dagala, Christy Joy A. Retanal*, Juan Paolo P. Rivas
Dr. Shierlyn S. Paclijan

Faculty Adviser
Abstract
Cassava peel is an agro-industrial waste available in huge quantities in Phil Agro Industrial Corporation
located at Maasin, Nicdao, Baungon, Bukidnon. Extraction of cellulose nanofiber from the peelings
of cassava through acid hydrolysis provides an alternative method of utilization of agro-industrial
wastes through its conversion to a higher value product. The waste cassava peel goes through an alkali
treatment using 4 wt. % sodium hydroxide at constant temperature to remove the hemicellulose and
bleaching process at 60°C, 70°C, and 80°C to separate the lignin. Acid hydrolysis, using sulfuric acid and
hydrochloric acid, is then employed to extract the resulting cellulose nanofiber from the most optimum
bleaching process. A compositional analysis of the waste cassava peels by gravimetric method shows
percentage by weight composition of 33.74% cellulose, 36.23% hemicellulose, 6.00% lignin, while the
rest are extractives. Characterization of the extracted nanofiber includes a Fourier Transform Infrared
Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis to identify the functional groups present as well as Scanning Electron
Microscopy (SEM) in order to determine its physical structure and morphology.
Keywords: Cassava Peelings; Cellulose Nanofiber; Hemicellulose; Lignin

E-mail address: christyjoyataloretanal@gmail.com
PAGE 20
REGENERATION EFFICIENCY AND
BREAKTHROUGH CURVE DETERMINATION
OF SULFONATED POLYSTYRENE – POWDERED
ACTIVATED CARBON (SPS – PAC) COMPOSITE
Felizer N. Caitor II*, Racelle Jan B. Pajaro, Junna Mae S. Pajela, John Paul B. Oclarit
Hercules R. Cascon, Ph.D.

Faculty Adviser
Abstract
This study was conducted to produce ion-exchange resin from waste polystyrene through the process of
sulfonation and its effect on reducing water hardness and turbidity on simulated surface water samples
was investigated. Polystyrene (PS) is a useful polymer currently used in various applications. However,
due to its non-biodegradable nature, it continuously poses a threat in the environment. On the other hand,
the high hardness of water poses household problems. To address such issues, waste polystyrene was
processed through dissolution, sulfonation, activated carbon addition, and neutralization. The product
acts as a cation exchange resin which aids in the removal of hardness in water and powdered activated
carbon directly adsorb contaminants in the water due to their very high specific surface area and high
microporous volume thus producing turbid-free water. The effectiveness of the SPS-PAC depends on
the degree of sulfonation (DS) which indicates the capacity for ion exchange. Results show the DS for
1-hour, 2-hour and 3-hour is 30.72%, 77.04% and 72.45%. The SPS-PAC performance was determined
by constructing a breakthrough curve and its regeneration efficiency was determined by comparing
the breakthrough curve of the virgin SPS-PAC with the regenerated SPS-PAC. A characterization of
the product was conducted through the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy and Scanning
Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis.
Keywords: Polystyrene; Sulfonation; Activated Carbon; Water Hardnes; Turbidity; Regeneration; Breakthrough Curve
*Corresponding Author Mobile: +63-955 522 7468

E-mail address: fncaitor2@gmail.com
PAGE 21
SODA PULPING OF DECORTICATING ABACA
(MUSA TEXTILIS) WASTE (DAW) FOR THE
PRODUCTION OF HANDMADE PAPER
Cel Gaddie G. Abing, Kenneth D. Andrew*, Erman Chris R. Baron, Alyza A. Sasing
Engr. Edwin Richard Ortiz

Faculty Adviser
Abstract
In this study, the effect of pulping variables: soda (NaOH) concentration and pulping time to the yield,
tensile strength, and kappa number of the handmade paper production derived from the Decorticating
Abaca Waste (DAW) was investigated. Pulping is a process by which undesirable constituents of the
biomass largely lignin is removed either chemically (i.e., soda process in this study), mechanically or
both. Pulping was done at a temperature of 100 ºC and liquor: solid (L/S) ratio of 12:1 at variations of
the soda concentration (i.e., 5 %,10 %,15 % wt./wt.) and pulping time (i.e., 1 hr., 2 hrs., 3 hrs.). Prior
to pulping the DAW was sun dried for two (2) days to reduce its moisture content (i.e., with an average
value of 57.35%). To assess that the pulping conditions were sufficient to cook the DAW, samples were
taken to each pulp produced and were then subjected to kappa number testing. The highest yield (34.12
%) with a kappa number of 41.40 was obtained at soda concentration of 5 % and 3 hrs. pulping time.
Whilst the lowest kappa number attained was 14.75 at conditions of 15% soda concentration, and 2 hrs.
of pulping time. A kappa number of 25- 30 provides a pulp which can be bleachable. The tensile strength
of a commercial craft paper-i.e., around 3 N (experimentally acquired) was used similarly a basis for
the benchmarking of the formed paper by which it should be greater or equal to it. Experimental set 1b
and 1c passed this benchmark as with the yield and kappa number. Yield, kappa number, tensile strength
are key parameters in assessing the effectivity and efficiency of the experimental conditions by which
choosing of the best conditions rely. These conditions specifically are important bases during a large-
scaling process of the pulping of DAW.
Keywords: Kappa Number; Yield; Handmade Paper; Lignin; Tensile Strength; Pulping Conditions

E-mail address: kenneth.andrew33@gmail.com
PAGE 22
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DIFFERENT MINI
EVAPORATORS FOR VACCINE KIT USING
1,1,1,2 – TETRAFLUOROETHANE(R-134A)
Henry Carlos Nambatac*, Mark Eland C. Bringas, Tim Anthony G. Centino

Dr. Elmer B. Dollera

Faculty Adviser
Abstract
Refrigeration is a process of removing heat from a low-temperature reservoir and transferring it to a

high temperature reservoir. Portable applications of a refrigeration system has already become a trend
recently. In the field of medical science, refrigerators are used to preserve samples of specimen or
vaccines for remote areas. One such application of this trend would include a portable medicine storage
kits. These medicine kits can be used as a storage for delicate medicines such as vaccines that requires
low temperature for preservation. Studies on portable medicine kits for remote areas has already been
conducted, but we the researchers would focus more on the evaporators used on these systems thus a
comparative study on the different sizes of evaporators would be conducted. One of the goals of this
research is to design and fabricate a portable medicine kit which would house all the components of our
mini refrigeration unit, but the main objective of our research is to design and fabricate, and evaluate
the 5 cylindrical evaporators with the internal diameters of 1mm, 1.5mm, 2mm, 2.5mm, and 3mm with
a fixed length of 1-meter for our mini refrigeration system. The system used a 1/12 compressor which
is the lowest available in the market. The system utilized the refrigerant 1,1,1,2 – Tetrafluoroethane or
commonly known in the market as R-134A as its cooling medium. We would only use materials found
locally. Thirty trials in a one minute interval would be conducted on each variety of evaporator. We are
currently on the testing stage therefore the result and conclusion might yet to be attained.
Keywords: Vapor Compression Cycle; Mini Refrigeration; Mini Evaporator

E-mail address: nambatachenry@gmail.com
PAGE 23
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PRESSURE DROP
ON A MICRO EXPANSION DEVICE FOR THE
DEVELOPMENT OF A MINI VACCINE CARRIER
Rimar Dawn Z. Bagayas*, Francis Edgar A. Joring, Kevin Ivan Dave A. Liwanag
Dr. Elmer B. Dollera

Faculty Adviser
Abstract
Cooling systems for medical purposes have various designs and sizes on these times. In this study, the
researchers contribute to the development of a mini vapor compression system, a mini vaccine storage,
by modifying a major part of it. In a refrigeration system, the lowest temperature is a desirable value
since it is used in absorbing heat from the contained space. The application of the theory of pressure is
directly proportional to the temperature is used in the study. The main part in the refrigeration system
that separates the high-pressure side and the low-pressure side is an expansion device, and the one that
is used in the study is a capillary tube. Knowing the behavior of a capillary tube at dropping the pressure
of the system is an important goal in controlling the pressure of the system, since this also yields to a
controlled temperature. The study aims to develop five (5) different sizes of capillary tubes with different
inside diameters of 0.2 Ømm, 0.25 Ømm, 0.3 Ømm, 0.35 Ømm, and 0.4 Ømm. In achieving these
different diameters, the use of string insertions inside the capillary tubes are applied, specifically guitar
strings with the useful size. These capillary tubes have the same lengths of one meter and is divided into
three sections at approximaMobiley 335 mm length each section. Pressure gauges are attached to the
inlet and outlet and in between each sections of the capillary tubes, which have a total of four gauges.
One high side pressure gauge (red) positioned before inlet, and three low side (blue) pressure gauges
between sections and at the end of the capillary tube, covering the total length of approximaMobiley
one meter. The study is currently performing the testing trials, therefore results and conclusions will be
acquired after the whole experiment is fully achieved.
Keywords: Expansion Device; Pressure Drop; Capillary Tube Sizing; Mini Vapor Compression System

E-mail address: rimdzbluez@gmail.com
PAGE 24
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF A SOLAR
POWERED MINIATURE ICE PLANT USING
EXTENDED SURFACE EVAPORATOR
COILS FOR ALUBIJID FISH LANDING
Rey Bryan L. Sambo*, Kurt Enriq A. Gumpal, Daniel Augustus V. Lim, Joseph Angelo E. Feliza,
Jeff M. Bollozos, Gabriel Nicholas C. Ludeña
Engr. Nestor G. Ipanag

Faculty Adviser
Abstract
Fishing has always been a major source of livelihood among Filipinos, and its preservation has always
been a challenge for the fishermen all around the archipelago. The town of Alubijid, Misamis Oriental,
which lies between major cities in the region, is a coastal municipality that also experiences this
difficulty in the preservation of their fish harvest as all the ice manufacturing facilities are not within the
immediate vicinity. The group designed a system - a miniature ice plant - to alleviate this problem. The
miniature ice plant employs the help of extended surface features (ESF) which increase the heat transfer
surface area of the evaporator to improve the overall efficiency of the system. Brine is used as a medium
of heat transfer because of its appropriate thermal properties and of the prolific salt production sites that
line the coast. The design and fabrication of the ice plant components were done after the preliminary
data was gathered on site. The experimentation and analyses are done via comparison of freezing time
and parameters between the system with the ESF, and the system without the said feature. Preliminary
tests and procedures have been conducted which includes leak testing, charging, and evacuation. No
significant leaks have been detected from the system and the charging and evacuation procedures are
successful. Commissioning of the system has commenced, and the data gathering procedure is still
underway which will provide the data for the comparative analyses. The experimental setup was able
to compleMobiley freeze the water in the ice cans to -7.1˚C with freezing time of approximaMobiley 3
hours consuming a total power load of 2.816 kW and operating at brine temperature of -9.7˚C.
Keywords: Extended Surface; Mini Ice Plant; Refrigeration
*Corresponding Author Mobile: +63 927 497 4432

E-mail address: reybryanlibrero@gmail.com
PAGE 25
TRANSPORTATION AND
TRANSPORTATION AND
SYSTEMSSYSTEMS
ENGINEERING
ENGINEERING
APPLIANCE RECOGNITION USING
ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK FOR
REAL-TIME POWER MONITORING
Elaiza C. Sabaratnam*, Jonathan G. Guya, Kyle Francine S. Reonal

Kristoffer Flores, ECE

Faculty Adviser
Abstract
Power monitoring schemes are the best alternative solutions nowadays for energy sustainability,
however the optimal value of these devices are still compromised resulting to a low level of change in
the demand response relationship between the electric utility and the end users. Studies show that there
are approximaMobiley 5-15% savings if people can acquire the energy information directly, hence in the
long run a total electric saving can be acquired in both the electric utilities and households consumers.
The project aims to address the missing block for the optimum use of real-time power monitoring
schemes by providing an assistive knowledge in which home appliance in use are recognized. The study
provides appliance recognition application for optimal real time power monitoring to which the end
users can have the optimum ability to perform energy saving operations that particularly includes electric
peak-hour demand minimization as a product of options in level of comfort and load shifting techniques.
The current characteristics of appliance in use were acquired using a Hall Effect sensor and afterwards
converted to get the frequency domain using Fast Fourier Transform. The data were then used as training
sets for the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) algorithms that are machine learned in MATLAB, in
which input data are analyzed from a pattern to predict a specific output which is actually the recognized
appliance. From the information of recognizing per appliances power consumption in home-displays,
upon the implementation of the study to power monitoring system, consumer can change their behavior
for optimum reduction of peak period consumption. These, in chain with electricity providers can offer
potential saving through reduction in peak demand and has the ability to save more from the construction
of power plants which are reserved for peak hour usage
Keywords: Appliance Recognition; MATLAB; Hall effect Sensor; Artificial Neural Network

E-mail address: ElaizaS95@gmail.com
PAGE 27
AUTOMATED STOCK INVENTORY USING
SENSORS (RFID) FOR NATIONAL BLOOD BANKS
Kenryl Amila, Din Laurence Babia, Jonathan Hamilton, Ross Marbas, Ben Justine Ramos
Kristoffer Flores, ECE

Faculty Adviser
Abstract
A major problem that most, if not, all blood banks suffer from nowadays is their inventory system and
the way data is stored. This information needs to be relayed between each blood bank branch as well as
to the public so that both the public and other blood banks are up to date with the inventory of a certain
blood bank. The researcher’s study, which planned to eliminate these problems, was to automate their
inventory system using RFID, or Radio Frequency Identification. After the processing of the blood,
the blood bags are tagged and scanned into the inventory system where the data is saved and then sent
to a Cloud-based system and then this information is relayed not just to each branch, but to the public
as well with the addition of Twitter. If the blood cannot be donated due to blood-based illnesses, the
profile of the donor is instead enlisted as banned to each branch to show that he is illegible to donate
again. The results the researchers obtained from the prototype was that the actual process coincided
with the theoretical process, albeit there were some delays with linking the information which led to
our conclusion; The system was efficient at displaying the data by linking the Google Drive date with
Twitter as well as linking the data with different computers. The system was also accurate with the time
the blood bag was checked in and out, but there was a slight delay relaying the information to another
computer.
Keywords: Cloud; Google Drive; RFID; Twitter

E-mail Address: bloodtestecefyp@gmail.com
PAGE 28
GSM BASED ELECTRONIC PET FOOD DISPENSER
Abner D. Cañas*, Chelsy Anne Y. Escobido

Engr. Johnson Carl K. Chan

Faculty Adviser
Abstract
The trend of having pets is rapidly increasing. Being far away from home tends to give pain to the pet
owners on how to feed their pet. There are various available electronic pet food dispenser products but
most of it is not available locally and is using internet connection which is a great pain in the Philippines,
hence a pet food dispenser that can be controlled through Global System for Mobile Communication is
developed. The study focuses on the design of the dispenser and its overall system. The main parts of the
design are the circuit, the volume of the cup, and the dispensing mechanism. The circuit involves a GSM
module, servo motor, load sensor, and Arduino as a microcontroller. The volume of the cup is based from
the standard cup volume for feeding and with considerations for bulk density and pet feeding guide, it
was designed that one half of the cup volume, 13.5 in3, is the volume of our one measure of dispense
in the dispensing mechanism. The dispensing mechanism was tested for variations in the volume in one
cup of dispense for 50 trials, with a percentage error of 5.77 % and standard variation of 78.088. The
feedback system was also presented from its text message input, corresponding action, and response.
Lastly, the device compared the output from three different sizes of pet food pellet, resulting in average
mass outputs of 189.2g, 218.935g, and 235.535g, which is large, medium, and small pellets respectively,
and shows that the larger the pellet, the less mass is dispensed, which means that calibration for different
type of pet food is required.
Keywords: Global System for Mobile Communication; Standard Cup Volume; Calibration;

E-mail address: canasabner@gmail.com
PAGE 29
SELF-ORDERING APPLICATION SOFTWARE
Trisha Monique Besas*, Joan R. Raakin, Christian Jake Garduque, Kirk James Estaño
Engr. Lolit Mañus Villanueva

Faculty Adviser
Abstract
Self-Ordering Application software aids the customers of a food establishment to order automatically
without the hassle of long queues with just a tap of a finger in their smartphones, in which the owner of
the food establishment can also overview the operation anywhere with the application and will be able
to view all the transaction recorded, hence increasing the effectiveness of the operation. The researchers
have also reviewed related literature for existing automated food ordering technology, but so far there
where only self-service kiosk that still requires people to queue in long line. The method of research
that was used was Action Plan design which was divided into three main parts: designing, coding, and
testing. The SOAS was a combination of Ionic platform coding and Google Firebase database. QR-
Coding and scanning is part of the system which is responsible for locating the customers table. QR-
Coding also serves as the priority number of the customer. A fully working prototype app was utilized in
gathering data and was conducted in Boggsy’s Hot Wings in a span of one hour per day in six separate
days. The comparison between queueing in regular lines and using the SOAS was the main objective
in gathering data. Data were also gathered to identify how SOAS will decrease the time duration of
ordering if the customers are already familiar to the app. Moreover, these data will be used to identify
whether SOAS is effective as an alternative solution for the queueing system in the food establishments.
Keywords: Application; Queueing; QR Code;

E-mail address: trshmnqbesas@gmail.com
PAGE 30
XAVIER UNIVERSITY WIRELESS PUBLIC
ADDRESS SYSTEM (TERTIARY BELL SYSTEM)
April Grace A. Alutaya*, Glophet Paul C. Garrido, Augustus Vincencio C. Ebora,

Rossi Aga Claude Puerto
Engr. Ian Giovanni R. Pabillaran, M’ENG, PECE, ACPE

Faculty Adviser
Abstract
Wireless Communication is one of the fast-growing industries globally and it will be a great help
if technologies like Public Address System will transform into a wireless one. The fundamental
requirements of a satisfactory public address system are naturalness of reproduction and wide range
of output volume. However, in Xavier University, it still uses the traditional Public Address System
which dated back in 80’s and manually operated by student assistants and OSA personnel. The main
purpose of this study is to provide Xavier University the benefits of efficiency in time and money, good
quality sound and improved safety, and to easily help the administration of Xavier University to access
people quickly and distribute information in a small or very large space in the University. This means
by cutting out the wires connected from the source to the speaker using analog wireless transmission,
the wireless Public Address system smooth the problem in public address system in Xavier especially
for the person that manually operates the bell system in the University. Various of experiments were
conducted to test the system, and was successfully transmit and receive signal wirelessly at different
location in Xavier University with different distance measurement. Base on the data results, the group
concludes that the Wireless Public Address System can transmit and receive signal through a wireless
means from the different locations inside Xavier University based on the three point origin: 6th floor
Engineering, Magis Roofdeck, and 5th Floor Science Center and as long as the transmitter and receiver
is in light of sight with a sound level not more than 100 dB, a wireless public address system, therefore,
can be implemented to Xavier University.
Keywords: Communication System; Public Address System; Wireless;

E-mail address: aprilalutaya@gmail.com
PAGE 31
A BUSINESS MODEL FOR THE PRODUCTION
OF SOLAR POWERED MINI ICE PLANTS
Jessan Miguel T. Garcia*, Alyssa Danielle B. Lucot, John Clark S. Tangara

Engr. Glenn B. Paclijan, CPIE

Faculty Adviser
Abstract
The soiling of perishable food products is a natural process where in food deteriorates its quality to
the point of it becoming undesirable for consumption and thus, greatly decreasing its market value.
To preserve the quality, goods are usually refrigerated to decrease its temperature and prevent micro-
organisms from contaminating it. This becomes a problem for small scale perishable goods suppliers and
dealers such as farmers, fishermen, and market vendors since acquiring ice would entail additional extra
costs for them especially with logistical costs incurred upon delivery. The proposal’s Solar Powered Ice
Plant provides an alternative & systematic solution for the identified groups through the possibility of
more reliable, cheap, and self-sustaining livelihood operations. The product, with its very own evaporator
coil design, aims to increase efficiency in the ice freezing process thus producing more output in a given
span of time and reducing overall costs in energy consumption, not to mention the energy stored from
the solar panels. The product’s target markets are government agencies, agricultural groups, fishing
cooperatives or associations and wet markets across different countries in Asia. The product will be
created in a product layout facility with an assembly line connecting three (3) workstations designed
to finish one ice plant every 54 production hours. Different engineers will be overseeing the quality of
the fabrication and assembly tasks which would be done by ten (10) skilled workers as direct labor per
shift. With two shifts a day, the manufacturing facility will produce 6 Ice Plants per month and 70 units
per annum. With a targeted Php25,000,000 capital, the product will be sold at a range of Php400,000 –
Php450,000 at different payment arrangements depending on the capacity of the fishing or agricultural
groups. The model yielded 3.33 years as estimated payback period and 77% ROI percentage within the
first 5 years of operation.
Keywords: Assembly Line; Business Model; Ice Plant; Line Balancing; Manufacturing;
*Corresponding Author Mobile:+63 926-105-7118

E-mail address: jessanmiguelgarcia@gmail.com
PAGE 32
A FEASIBILITY STUDY ON SCOLIO
SUPPORT ARMCHAIR
Cherybem T. Bantoc*, Princess Rosario Geraldine F. Paduganan, Jalex F. Quinga

Engr. Glenn B. Paclijan PIE, MEng

Faculty Adviser
Abstract
Scolio Support is a manufacturing business that produces quality armchairs that cater to scoliotic students.
The company aims to eliminate the difficulties of students with physical deformities in performing basic
tasks in school. We believe that physical differences should not be a hindrance for students to strive
to become better inMobilelectually. Our name Scolio Support is derived from Scoliosis, a disorder in
which there is a sideways curve of the spine, or backbone, and Support, to give assistance to. We produce
classroom chairs that are suitable for students who are wearing back braces. Scolio Support chairs will
allow them to perform basic school activities such as reading a book and taking down notes without
compromising their health. The group believes that it must contribute towards the continuous awareness
of individuals with scoliosis so that they can go to school with increased confidence and comfort. Through
this product, students with scoliosis or other physical deformities will be more efficient in their studies
and help them become successful individuals gearing towards helping others in the future. The group
aims to help schools that cater to the needs of individuals with Scoliosis. In the long run, the company
aims to collaborate with the Department of Health and Department of Education to endorse our product
to various schools nationwide. This collaboration can also help in raising awareness about the needs of
individuals with Scoliosis and can serve as a stepping stone to other projects that address their needs.
Keywords: Scoliosis; Ergonomics; Physical Deformities;

E-mail address: cherybemtb@gmail.com
PAGE 33
MODIFYING SCHOOL ARMCHAIRS FOR
LEFT AND RIGHT HANDED STUDENTS
WITH THE USE OF ERGONOMICS
Jhoanna Mae N. Bermudez*, Bianca Camille B. Dumio, Giannelou Ann F. Secretaria

Engr. Glenn B. Paclijan, PIE, MEng

Faculty Adviser
Abstract
ELR armchair or Ergonomic Left and Right armchair emphasizes on giving the same comfort for both
left and right handed students. It is a wooden chair with steel frame design, a lumbar support to aid
the lower back, a waterfall seat to relieve pressure on back thighs and pressure behind the knees to
improve blood circulation in the lower legs, and an adjustable arm desk to alter the person choice of
either left or right or vice versa for arm support that could lessen musculoskeletal disorders. This study
discusses about the processes of production activities in creating the ELR armchair. It states the number
of workers, duration of the processes, machineries and equipment used in production in bringing the raw
materials into a finished product. Plant layout and location and production schedule are also presented
for the purpose of identifying business operation. In addition, product design and specifications, product
processes represented by process charts, visual stream mapping, bill of materials, list of machineries and
tools with their corresponding costs.
Keywords: Arm Chair; Ergonomics;

E-mail address: jhoerns@gmail.com
PAGE 34
ASSESSMENT OF TRUCK ROUTES ALONG
PRIMARY ARTERIAL HIGHWAYS IN
THE CITY OF CAGAYAN DE ORO
John Anthony Navarro, BJ Kent Pitogo, Kenneth Arvin Pitogo, Charles Pondoyo, Henry Trinh
Dr. Anabel A. Abuzo

Faculty Adviser
Abstract
The Mobility refers to the movement of people, goods and services. The productivity of a city is
dependent on the efficiency of transportation systems to deliver consumers, workforce and services
from one location to another. However, due to rapid increase of population and industrialization in urban
areas, traffic congestion happens. Congestion is considered to be a problem in urban environments
around the world. Currently, with the rapid motorization in the Region, traffic congestion happens
as the road capacities are not adequate enough to handle the influx of vehicular density more so with
the presence of trucks. The Land Transportation Office (LTO) already reported that traffic congestion
in the City occurs during peak hours and along the main intersections of the City proper. This study
assessed the truck route mainly the main arterial road along Butuan-Cagayan de Oro- Iligan Corridor by
providing baseline data for vehicle volume especially trucks, road and facilities, factors that affect truck
logistics and mobility and determined the level of service of the road. The primary data were collected
via Manual Counting, Spot Speed Survey, Traffic Volume Survey and Road Characteristics. The vehicles
were classified according to the RTA’s secondary data and classification of road and determining of LOS
were based on the highway capacity manual. The behavior of the traffic and the peak days together with
the peak hours were classified in this study. The speed range was obtained during the non peak hours of
the determined peak day. After which, to validate the traffic volume data of the first week to the second
week, T-Test was conducted. The level of service of the roads was classified according to the highway
capacity manual.
Keywords: LOS; Trucks; Traffic Congestion; Traffic Volume; T-Test; Vehicle Classification;
PAGE 35
QUEUING ANALYSIS IN UNSIGNALIZED
INTERSECTION WITH BRIDGE APPROACH
IN CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY
Alberto C. Enaje, Jr.*, Hazel Grace N. Quiblat, John Kenneth S. Asiñero, Karl Jun K. Arellano,
Marie Joy B. Brunio
Dr. Anabel A. Abuzo

Faculty Adviser
Abstract
Cagayan de Oro City is a rapidly growing urban metropolis in Region X. The increased demand for
mobility and access of people, goods and services further resulted to vehicle motorization and on-
street traffic congestion. Chiefly, traffic congestion in major city intersections. This study focused on
the assessment of traffic congestion on 4-legged intersections with bridge. In particular, the traffic
intersection of Vamenta Blvd. and J.R. Borja Street approaching the J.R Borja Bridge. Ideally bridges
design is a concept of structures with moving loads thus idling of vehicular traffic caused by congestion
and queueing of vehicles is highly discouraged on bridges. The analysis focused on vehicle queuing
during peak hours using Queuing Theory (QT) as a tool. QT is the mathematical evaluation of waiting
line properties that include the following, namely: arrival rate, departure rate, number of servers, queue
discipline, type of limit in the system, and type of limit in the source. Thus, in this study, the analysis
focused on the following variables: queue, waiting time, server utilization, and traffic intensity. Results
of this study revealed that Vamenta Blvd. and J.R. Borja intersection suffers from unsteady state flow,
long queue, and longer waiting time which subsequently created congestion on the two legs of the
intersection: J.R. Borja Bridge and West Vamenta Boulevard. Furthermore, the traffic intensity in this
intersection creates a high probability of queuing of vehicles and cause ripple effect of congestion in
other intersections. Also, results revealed that there is high volume of traffic from motorcycles and
taxis in this intersection which further congested the traffic flow. This study highly recommend traffic
management application, namely: left-turn movement prohibition towards the bridge; application of
free-flow for right-turn movement; and the application of vehicle re-routing and reduction schemes.
Keywords: Bridge; Queuing Theory; Unsignalized Intersection;

E-mail address: albertoenaje@gmail.com
PAGE 36
SUSTAINABILITY OF MOTORELAS
Aya V. Arbole, Sir Jan Lemuel M. Lonio, Darell Mae A. Quieta, Anna Julia P. Sendaydiego*,
Alleli O.Valencia
Dr. Anabel A. Abuzo

Faculty Adviser
Abstract
Sustainability is a continuous process that people wants to achieve to be able to preserve and enhance the
quality of life of the present generation without compromising that of the future generation. In particular,
sustainable development in urban environment and its sustainable application in the transportation sector.
Sustainable mobility of goods, people and services is a priority in land use management, transportation
assignment and traffic management of systems. Cagayan de Oro city, is the capital of Northern
Mindanao. The most common modes of transportation in the City are Jeepneys, Motoreals and Taxis.
Motorela is a shared mode of public transport that serves short-trip distance trip unlike Jeepneys that
serves long-distance trips. The Land Transportation Office (LTO) classifies motorelas an 8 to 10 seating-
capacity public utility vehicle. This study focused on determining the sustainability of Motorelas in
Cagayan de Oro City based on the socioeconomic factors. The sustainability evaluation will be viewed
from the drivers and commuters perception and patronization, demand-and-supply analysis, and the
motorela drivers’ trip characteristics. The study used survey questionnaires for (driver and passengers)
for perception valuation; conducted in-vehicle capacity count; and regression analyses, namely:
Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) and Binary Logistic Regression (BLR) for data analysis. Drivers’
data will be used in the MLR to develop the sustainability model and passenger’s data will be used in
the BLR to develop the patronization model. The study is highly recommended for policy formulation
and transportation management for motorela application. In this study, the in-vehicle capacity count
resulted to having most number of passengers during the morning, followed by noon time, and lastly at
night. This implies that peak hours of all routes are usually at morning time. After studying about the
sustainability of motorelas in Cagayan de Oro City, a study of the congestion caused by the motorelas
should be made.
Keywords: Sustainability; Motorelas; Drivers; Passengers;

E-mail address: sendaydiegoannajulia@gmail.com
PAGE 37
TRAFFIC CONGESTION ANALYSIS
OF UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS
Steven James S. Feniza*, Kirby James H. Jagape, Ailene S. Llesis,

Wina Alyssa N. Lustado, Lloyd Anthony P. Neri
Dr. Anabel A. Abuzo

Faculty Adviser
Abstract
Cagayan de Oro City is the central hub of commerce in Northern Mindanao. The City’s increasing
economy, boosts the demand for access and mobility of people, goods and services. Furthermore,
increased economic activity resulted to the increased motorization and infrastructure development in
the transportation sector. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the traffic congestion level of each selected
unsignalized intersections in the City. In particular, two unsignilized three-legged intersections and
two unsignalized four-legged intersections. The 3-legged intersections include, namely: Mandumol-
Aluba- Buena Oro Road by Mayor L. Ramos St. and Concordiol Diel St. by Villarin St. while the
4-legged intersection include, namely: Hayes St. by Buntong St. and J. Seriña St. by Villarin St. The
primary data collection consists the following surveys: road geometry, traffic volume count, and vehicle
classification. The collected data was used to analyze and derive the intersection’ Level of Service
(LOS) and Capacity. Furthermore, the assessment of vehicle traffic condition through Spot Speed study
generated speed ranks that were compared with the existing intersection standards in accordance to the
Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH). Results revealed that traffic congestion in these
selected unsignalized intersections were primarily due to the following factors, namely: the vehicular
traffic volume; the on-street pedestrian traffic volume; and the absence of pedestrian facility along
school zone areas i.e. sidewalks and crosswalks. Lastly, result of the study revealed that the LOS ratings
of the intersections ranges between LOS E (i.e. unstable flow) and LOS F (i.e. forced flow). The study
recommends the following engineering solutions for the given studied areas, namely: vehicle traffic
reduction scheme, application and improvement of pedestrian facilities, and movement re-routing along
three-legged sloped intersections.
Keywords: Traffic Congestion; Unsignalized Intersection; Level of Service;

E-mail address: feniza.steven18@gmail.com
PAGE 38
WALKABILITY ANALYSIS OF PEDESTRIAN
FACILITIES ALONG SELECTED PUBLIC SCHOOL
ZONES AREAS IN CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY
Christopher Factor*, Joyce Beleta, Philip Fernandez, Ceejay Maglangit, Princess Mercado
Dr. Anabel A. Abuzo

Faculty Adviser
Abstract
The main objective of the study is to evaluate and assess the walkability and pedestrian facilities of
three selected public-school zones in Cagayan de Oro City, by adopting the Asian Walkability Index.
The result of the evaluation of the walkability field survey made by researchers, shows overall rating of
62% (fair to bad) of pedestrian facilities of the three chosen public schools in the City The factors which
comprise to influence walkability are quality of sidewalks, pedestrian right of way, traffic and road
conditions, land usage patterns and building accessibility along with safety. However, with survey field
questionnaires answered by the respondents along the area, it resulted a rating of good to fair evaluation;
mainly because the pedestrian are used to what is available, then one just accept and deal with what
is the offered pedestrian facilities. By then researchers conclude that the pedestrian perception which
rates the pedestrian facilities as good to fair, where in actual survey observation it was found out that
the facility was fair to bad. This would mean that further development in pedestrian infrastructure and
better management of walkability in school’s vicinity and enforcement of traffic rules and regulations
are needed for a safer and comfortable pedestrian infrastructure. Thus, the government needs to improve
the pedestrian facilities such the safety and comfort of the pedestrian be address.
Keywords: Pedestrian; Walkability; Asian Walkability Index;
*Corresponding Author Mobile: +63 997 836 4219

E-mail address: tutti019bikol@gmail.com
PAGE 39
JEEP-CTS
(CONVENIENT TRANSFORMATION
SERVICES FOR JEEPNEYS):
THE BETTER SOLUTION FOR
JEEPNEY MODERNIZATION
Lucky John B. Tutor*, Jan Mari M. Longakit, Famela Grace C. Mabagal

Engr. Glenn B. Paclijan, PIE, MEng

Faculty Adviser
Abstract
With the Department of Transportation’s (DOTr) PUV Modernization Program, jeepney drivers are
entitled to replace their old traditional jeepney into a new modern-designed jeepney which is a good
market for jeepney manufacturers. Convenient Transformation Services for Jeepneys (Jeep-CTS)
competes with the well-known and established jeepney manufacturers by converting old, traditional
jeepneys into a new, modern one. Current jeepney underwent a thorough evaluation. Dimensions
measured are compared to ergonomic principles as well as features and mechanism of the current
jeepney was compared to standards in order to create a new design at par with the government’s modern
jeepney but at a relatively cheaper rate. It will not just help jeepney drivers but also the environment
since potential junk is transformed into a reusable utility. This manufacturing service company with a
well thought facility and production process that can refurbish 5,160 jeepneys per year can potentially
have as much as 109% return of investment in a span of 5 years with a payback period of 11 months in
its first year of operation.
Keywords: Jeepney; PUV Modernization Program; Ergonomics; Facilities Planning and Design;

E-mail address: tutorjohnluckyb.@gmail.com
PAGE 40
SMART PORTABLE OPERATED TRAFFIC SYSTEM
Mikhaela Adrienne S. Nota*, Aaron Kristoffer L. Saarenas, Mark Howell P. Sanchez

Engr. Glenn B. Paclijan, PIE, MEng.

Faculty Adviser
Abstract
Most people taking public transport or driving their vehicles experience traffic congestion being caused
by the Philippine’s narrow roads, unruly drivers, disoriented parking, lack of traffic enforcement and
unsignalized intersection. Which is why the concept of this study is the creation of an economic, easy-to-
handle, and portable traffic light may be set-up on particular intersections, heavily congested pedestrian
areas, and areas undergoing roadworks. The data gathered on this study will be based on the existing
traffic congestion study in Cagayan de Oro City by the Civil Engineering students of Xavier University
which points out the problem areas which will require focus on improvement. Through Visual Acuity
the Interactive LED screen on the product will be aligned to a proper size of alphanumeric character for
labels and uses recommended illumination levels to display sufficient information such as maximum
speed limit, road condition, weather and time/day/month. The supporting pole is designed like a
Mobileescopic mast that uses a pulley system to ensure easy handling and transport for immediate uses.
And with its remote controller, an efficient use of synchronization on the movement of vehicles and
pedestrians will aid in ensuring a safer and less stressful trip to their destinations.
Keywords: Traffic Congestion; Unsignalized Intersection; Visual Acuity; Illumination Levels;

E-mail address: khylenota@gmail.com
PAGE 41
DISASTER RISK
DISASTER RISK
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
LIQUEFACTION POTENTIAL OF POBLACION,
CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY
Casey Rose D. Pacapat*, April Sheira Babe A. Egam, Marriane Daphne P. Dagunot
Abegil S. Cacho, Philip Marco C. Atienza
Dr. Gerardo P. Apor and Engr. Dexter S. Lo

Faculty Adviser
Abstract
Liquefaction is a phenomenon where loose, saturated and cohessionless soils like sand and silt lose
strength and tend to act like liquid when applied with cyclic loading such as earthquake. When the soil
loses its strength, it also loses its ability to carry the loads of the structures built on it causing it to tilt or
float. During a magnitude of 5.2 in Northern Luzon, this occurrence was experienced by the Philippines
in Laoag City in the year 1990. The inability of the city to anticipate the phenomenon resulted not just
major damages to foundations of their structures but also caused lives. This study aims to develop a
liquefaction potential map of Poblacion, Cagayan de Oro City to mitigate the effects of this soil failure
in case this event will occur in Mindanao. Considering the location of Poblacion is near Cagayan River
which carries soils that is susceptible to liquefaction and its proximity to active fault lines, the area is
likely liquefiable. A simplified method developed by Seed and Idriss (1971) was used to estimate the
factor of safety for liquefiable layers. Severity was then determined using the Liquefaction Potential
Index. And 10 maps were produced to represent the affected depth and its liquefaction scale within the
study area. Results showed that, Poblacion has areas with very high liquefaction potential. Also, the
severity of liquefaction increases as ground motion increases. It is recommended that soil improvement
method should be applied to liquefiable layers. For the construction of new infrastructures it advisable
to have a standard penetration test to identify not just the soil profile but also to assess if there is a
possibility of liquefaction.
Keywords: Liquefaction; Liquefaction Potential Index; Factor of Safety;

E-mail address: teamliquefaction@gmail.com
PAGE 43
SEISMIC FRAGILITY OF BURIED WATER LIFELINE
SYSTEM IN POBLACION, CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY
Jose Augustus S. Pacon, Niko Anthony A. Gambe, Ferdinand Rey B. Mabao,

Rommel Carlo C. Opada, Binson Joseph O. Yu
Engr. Dexter S. Lo
Faculty Adviser
Abstract
The Cagayan de Oro City Water District (COWD) water lifeline system transports clean, safe, and
reliable water to the forty barangays of Poblacion. As the main water resource provider of the community,
it is paramount that the system is able to mitigate if not withstand the hazards that will come in its way.
Earthquakes, being one of the most damaging natural hazards, pose a serious threat to the lifeline. Strong
ground motion due to seismic activities can cause some of the pipes to buckle and disconnect from its
supports. This results for the lifeline to fail due to the ground strain under extreme seismic excitation
exceeding the buried pipes’ maximum strain capacity. In this regard, there is a need to assess the water
lifeline system against seismic hazard. This study aims to determine the damage states of the buried
water lifeline system in Poblacion, Cagayan de Oro City in the event of an earthquake. A Deterministic
Seismic Hazard Analysis is conducted to estimate the seismicity of the area based from the nearest and
largest earthquake events experienced. The damage states of the lifeline are determined by comparing the
pipes’ strain capacities with the earthquake-induced strain. The probability of damage is then computed
for each damage state. The results are used in producing Fragility Maps of the study area through
Geographic Information System (GIS) to illustrate the damage states of the various lifeline under the
obtained spectral acceleration. The maps show that the two earthquakes considered are not capable of
producing damage to the lifeline system at period 1.0 second. In order to further explore the damage
state, an earthquake scenario of Mw 7.9 in the Central Mindanao Fault is considered. Result generated
enough spectral acceleration to moderaMobiley and majorly damage most of the uPVC lifelines.
Keywords: Earthquake; Water Lifeline; DSHA; Damage States; Fragility Map;
PAGE 44
SEISMIC FRAGILITY OF REINFORCED
CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN XAVIER
UNIVERSITY – ATENEO DE CAGAYAN, MAIN
CAMPUS, CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY
Vaughne Xianthe Peir B. Dagaraga, Dan Zoriel B. Nono, Sentra Ann A. Pearson*,
Shanedale Mae O. Waminal
Engr. Dexter S. Lo
Faculty Adviser
Abstract
Earthquake is the result of sudden release of energy in Earth’s crust. It occurs when two tectonic plates
collide, separate or move laterally past each other. In the Philippines, quite a handful seismic-related
history has had happened and much of the damage depends on the structural integrity of the building,
markets, schools or residential, in the area. Cagayan de Oro City, specifically Xavier University – Ateneo
de Cagayan, has multiple old structures and has a dense population of students, faculty and staff. It raises
concerns to the researchers since the buildings are functioning on a daily basis, considering the current
state of the buildings, and has a quantity of a population, it holds quite a huge seismic risk. In this study,
Pushover Analysis is used to determine the structural behavior of reinforced concrete buildings in an
assumed force and acceleration. The buildings are structurally analyzed by a software, SAP2000. This
shows the potential weak areas in the structure and keeps track of the sequence of damages of plastic
hinges. The data produced is processed using another software, FRACAS. This creates the fragility curve
of each building that shows the probabilistic damage state of the building with respect to a corresponding
PGA. This study hopes to help the authorities in the university to increase awareness and earthquake
preparedness, in terms of structural integrity of the buildings, to reduce risk.
Keywords: Earthquake; Fragility Curve; Pushover Analysis;
*Corresponding Author Mobile: .: +63-935-314-7416

E-mail address: pearsonsentraann@gmail.com
PAGE 45
STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF THE PROPOSED
FLOOD MITIGATING DAM IN
CAMAMAN-AN, CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY
Frances Carmelle P. Arellano*, Charie Mae Pearl Bama, Richelle Salomon, Allona River Sambaan
Engr. Julie Ann dela Cruz

Faculty Adviser
Abstract
Although there has been a significant growth in the city’s population and economy, the problems
of frequent inundation are still a recurring issue even though some of these issues had already been
addressed. Bitan-ag Creek, one of the major creeks in the city, which contributed the most during the
January 16, 2017 flooding, has inundated several barangays especially the urban area of Lapasan,
affecting the population and economic activities downstream. The research tries to investigate the effect
of retaining a volume of flood water for a period of time as means to mitigate the flooding problems in a
50-year rain return flood through a concrete rock-fill dam. Results show that the stability of the designed
embankment dam conformed to the safe and allowed bearing capacity, resistance against sliding and
resistance against overturning. Meanwhile, the designed structural mitigation measure, with natural
grade line to crest elevation of 2m and a design discharge of the spillway of 4.73 cu. m/ sec. has produced
an output that could mitigate the extent of the inundated area downstream by 24.34%. For future studies,
the researchers recommend that existing and ongoing flood mitigation projects of the government be
included in the analysis. Aside from this, the researchers recommend as well that flood depth of the
perennially flooded areas be identified if a proposed mitigation measure will be incorporated to the
future study.
Keywords: Inundation; Mitigation; Retaining; Stability;

E-mail address: frances71696@gmail.com
PAGE 46
TWO-DIMENSIONAL FLOOD INUNDATION
MODELLING ALONG THE PROPOSED DIKE
SYSTEM OF THE TAGOLOAN RIVER
Rose Angela H. Dalugdog*, Vanessa May C. Fuentes, Christine Joy M. Manosa,

Melvin A. Sabellano II and Russelle Nova Grace C. Salugsugan
Engr. Dexter S. Lo and Engr. Jefferson R. Vallente Jr.

Faculty Advisers
Abstract
Changes in climate can lead to an increase in occurrences of extreme rainfall events which results to
flooding. The Municipality of Tagoloan in Misamis Oriental has continually face the hazards of inundating
rivers of the Tagoloan River. For instance, during the onslaught of Tropical Storm Seniang, an existing
dike system was proven inadequate which resulted to flooding in proximity to the river. Mitigation
measures such as construction and improvement of flood protection dike system were implemented
by the national government through DPWH. This study aims to determine the flood inundated areas
using two-dimensional capability of HEC – RAS version 5.0 coupled with a hydrologic model of the
river basin along the downstream stretch of the Tagoloan River considering the proposed dike system.
SaMobilelite imagery data processed from Landsat 8 and ASTER datasets were utilized to extract
topographic and bathymetric data such as the watershed characteristics, river geometry and cross-section
profile. Secondary data such as rainfall from DOST – PREDICT and flood dike specifications from
DPWH were used in the analysis. Moreover, DEM from IFSAR was used to generate two-dimensional
(2D) flow area and flow geometrics. Results shows areas for flood management strategies and future
land use planning decisions in the downstream area of the Municipality. This also reveals some ways of
minimizing the effects of flood through the dike system.
Keywords: Climate Change; Floods; Flood Inundation Modelling; Hydrologic Model; 2D Hydraulic Model;

E-mail address: rahdalugdog@gmail.com
PAGE 47
MULTI- RELIEF DISASTER TRUCK
Xylene Mae T. Pit*, Mary Grace A. Madelo, Jason A. Guitarte, Jaypee Roxas
Engr. Glenn B. Paclijan

Faculty Adviser
Abstract
Philippines is the most exposed country in the world to tropical storms visited by an average of twenty
typhoons every year. Many people affected by disasters cannot receive basic immediate assistance
especially in remote areas after a certain calamity occur. Multi-Relief Disaster Truck is a mobile composed
of different compartments with various functions which circulate throughout affected communities after
disasters to provide basic assistance and comfort to those in need. It is called a multi-relief disaster
truck because of its unique design having multiple features and components in a truck where basic
facilities such as Water filtering System, Generators and solar panel, Horizontal Water Tank, Storage,
Inverter, and Weather tarp are being installed. These facilities are properly designed and installed in
such a way that it would be accessible and beneficial to the users and assured to provide and serve its
purpose. To ensure and maintain the quality of our produced product, specialized tests and inspection
will be conducted such as the durability of the raw materials used, equipment and tools, and mileage
and performance of the engine. The group aims to help the people affected by disasters especially in
the remote areas. With this, introducing the product to the government is very much helpful for them
to assist in the needs of the people and very beneficial especially the Local Government Unit and Non
Government Organizations involved in relief and rescue operations along with other companies and
private sectors that are committed in social welfare.
Keywords: Local Government Unit; Non Government Organizations; Water Filtering System;

E-mail address: pitxylenemae@gmail.com
PAGE 48
RIVER SIFTER
Shienon Marine Nagales*, Joel Cabalidas, Irish Mie Catriz, Hyden Luke Manigo
Engr. Glenn B. Paclijan

Faculty Adviser
Abstract
River Sifter is a mechanism that would help the government maintain the cleanliness of Bitan-ag creek
and address the increasing problem of water pollution not just in Bitan-ag Creek but as well as the other
water body system in Mindanao. River Sifter aims to treat the polluted water that incur environmental
damages and to unclog the clogged drainage systems that causes the high incidence of flooding in the city
for the recent years. There will be two working group for this project, one would be responsible for the
making and assembly of River Sifter and the latter would be accountable for the marketing and finances.
To be able to fully assemble the said mechanism, it will undergo 5 major steps it could be done through
manual and by the use of machines. One sifter could allocate an approximaMobiley 5 kilometers. This
project is very helpful to achieve a long lasting solution from a long year of flooding in our city. With the
help of sociological approach to the dwellers and the mechanism, flooding will be minimized and with
that it could help stabilize the company and establishment and as well as the dwellers around.
Keywords: Water Pollution; Solid Waste; Mechanism; Clogged Drainage

E-mail address: shienonn@gmail.com
PAGE 49
ENVIRONMENT AND
ENVIRONMENT AND
RENEWABLE ENERGY
RENEWABLE ENERGY
QUANTIFYING NON-REVENUE WATER AND
EFFICIENT WATER USAGE FOR GOVERNMENT
FACILITIES THROUGH WATER AUDIT
Jay Em G. Pagtulon-an*, Joshua Carl Gutierrez, Keith Isaac Ericsson R. Nolasco,

Paul Vincent F. Palmere, Queenie Lopez
Dr. Anabel A. Abuzo

Faculty Adviser
Abstract
Water is threatened by scarcity in the near future due to rapid population growth, urbanization, climate
change and inefficient water management. In fact, Cagayan de Oro City is one of the nine urbanized
city that consumed water intensively. Water audit will monitor water usage within the facility to assess
efficient water usage by identifying inefficient water fixtures and quantifying non-revenue water. This
will guide the researchers and LGU’s in determining potential water saving and implementing best
management practices. This study will quantify Non-Revenue Water and assess water efficiency for
government facilities. The primary data acquisition involves actual measurement of water flow rate of
all water fixtures within then facility. These water flows will then be compared to the standard efficient
flow rate to determine water fixtures efficiency. The researchers employ the use of accurate water meter
reading to quantify Non-Revenue water within the facility. Using the data gathered, a cost benefit analysis
was conducted to determine potential water savings if inefficient fixtures and leakages are fixed. The
result of the study has showed that more than 80 percent of water fixtures for both facilities are found
to be inefficient. Furthermore, approximaMobiley 3,432 m3 and 4,462 m3 of water are wasted annually
for City hall and Provincial Hall respectively. Cost benefit analysis for retrofitting/replacing inefficient
fixtures and fixing leakages have showed that for City Hall approximaMobiley Php 522,234 can be
saved with a payback period of 3.25 years, while for Provincial Capitol the investment could yield a
potential savings of PhP 147,402 annually with a payback period of less than 3 years. In conclusion,
both facilities can save great amount of water and money through efficient water usage and reduction
of Non-Revenue Water (NRW). The proponents recommend implementing best management practices.
Keywords: Water Audit; Water Efficiency; Non-Revenue Water, Government Facility;
*Corresponding Author Mobile: ++63-915-357-4487

Email Address: jpagtulon.an@gmail.com
PAGE 51
XAVIER UNIVERSITY WATER AUDIT AND
WATER DEMAND FORECASTING
Justin Joel B. Echem, Jose Leonard A. Gille Jr., Kraven Adroit B. Nagac*, Lordie Angelo S. Naval,
Winston John A. Patagan
Dr. Anabel A. Abuzo

Faculty Adviser
Abstract
Water is a renewable resource from the natural water cycle in the environment. However, worldwide
water supply sustainability is an issue, particularly water conservation and water demand allocation
in rapidly growing urban environment. Cagayan de Oro is one of the fastest developing cities in the
Philippines. Its rapidly increasing population consequently increased the demand for water. This study
focused on water audit and water demand assessment of a facility, particularly Xavier University,
with the main objective of conducting forecasting analysis for water demand of all campuses in the
said institution. The study aims to conduct baseline evaluation of the water demand of the campuses,
conduct a water inventory and to determine the water consumption of each campus and to investigate
the number of water fixtures within campuses which have wastage or leakage through water audit.
However, due to insufficient secondary data received from almost all campuses, only Xavier University
Grade School Macasandig was forecasted because it’s the only campus that provided the complete set
of needed data. In conducting water demand forecasting analysis, there were two data gathered: primary
and secondary data. The primary data is the obtained data after performing water audit to all campuses
while the secondary data are the population and water consumption of each campus that were received.
Extrapolation by moving averages was then done using the population and water consumption given
but to Xavier University Macasandig only. It was observed that the population may not be always be
directly related to the water demand because of other factors that can greatly affect the trend. Thus,
population is directly proportional to water demand only if there will be no significant events that may
happen on a specific period. Quantifying leakages and inclusion to the water supply of all water sources
like deep wells and rainwater catchments are the main recommendations of the study. Further study and
prioritization of historical data of each campus needed can also be done.
Keywords: Forecasting; Water Audit; Water Consumption; Water Demand; Xavier University Grade School Macasandig;

E-mail address: adroit136@gmail.com
PAGE 52
SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM
USING PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER
Ernest Justin M. Mercado*, Dean Alico, Zacare Bucio, John Israel Embate, Glenn Cuaton
Engr. Renel Juaneza

Faculty Adviser
Abstract
Most irrigation systems in the Philippines and in other developing countries of Asia have been designed
for rice irrigation. The majority of such systems are run-of-the river type, with fairly adequate water
supply to irrigate their design areas during the wet season. In order for a rice crop to have the nutrients
that it needs it requires a specific water level depending to its growth. This project is developed to
maintain and monitor the water level in the rice field over time without manual labor. Programmable
logic controller is an industrial digital computer which has been ruggedized and adapted for the control
of manufacturing processes, such as assembly lines, or robotic devices, or any activity that requires high
reliability control and ease of programming and process fault diagnosis. The entire system will focus on
the monitoring and controlling of the system using the Programmable logic controller, with the help of
the water level sensor we can monitor and control the amount of water that is needed to be distributed
in each field equally. The process of distribution will occur once a tank/s has insufficient water or a
change of water level is needed, and drainage of water will occur in each tank once the water level rises
and exceeds the required depth based on the growth of rice crop. Based on the data gathered it shows
that the change in water level in each tank over time is based on the program used in the programmable
logic controller, and it is shown that with the help of smart irrigation system, the user can monitor and
control the water level in rice field and the growth of rice crop more efficiently without any manual labor
needed.
Keywords: Programmable Logic Controller; Smart irrigation; Water Level Sensor;

E-mail address: mr.ej.28@gmail.com
PAGE 53
SOIL FERTILITY SENSING USING
ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY
Kent Jude I. Lolo*, Shammua E. Escalante, Cheli Louie G. Manulat, Manuel John C. Reyes
Majiah S. Collado, PECE

Faculty Adviser
Abstract
Precision agriculture can help manage crop production inputs to help in the long term sustainability of the
soil. Soil electrical conductivity (EC) is an important indicator in evaluating the fertility of the soil used
in agriculture, but tools and equipment for soil electrical conductivity measurements are inconvenient
and expensive meanwhile soil laboratory tests take time and are inconvenient for farmers. The probe
was designed to be reliable, portable and to be made of low cost materials to be economical. The probe
was mainly designed to measure soil electrical conductivity and to provide on-site evaluation of the soil
properties that directly affects its fertility. Conductivity probes were subjected to test for accuracy against
commercial EC probe used in the laboratory. Soil samples taken from Barangay Rosario, Tagoloan
were used in finding the correlation between soil electrical conductivity and soil parameters. The mean
values of EC were 1.3469 mS/cm with a standard deviation of 0.1628. EC measurements have exhibited
correlation with soil organic matter, available potassium and pH level thus making EC measurements
from the probes viable for soil fertility sensing.
Keywords: Electrical Conductivity; Precision Agriculture; Soil Fertility;

E-mail address: kentjude.lolo@gmail.com
PAGE 54
CFO FILTER – AN ALTERNATIVE
CLEANING FILTER FOR DRAINAGES
Jon Earl Becios*, Jian Gerald Bello, Vince Mathew Mutia

Engr. Ingrid Madrial

Faculty Adviser
Abstract
With the advice of the City Engineers of Cagayan de Oro City, The Care for Others Team provided the
city with an alternative to cleaning and providing a clog free drainage in both the city and suburban
areas. Cagayan de Oro City is a well know catch basin for the water flowing down from the surrounding
mountains and having a clogged drainage system will surely affect the flow of these waste water. The
CFO filters features a simple design to help reduce the clogging and maintenance of the drainages.
Benefits includes filtering plastics and other physical waste that clogged up the canal systems, thus will
reduce the chances of flooding. Each product sold is entitled to a year of maintenance services. The
company would be producing both the ring and filter which will cover up for the whole year for services.
The Average Return of Investment for the next 5 years of production would be 47.79% that is producing
150 units of the CFO filters. The Product will be much more convenient and easier as opposed to direct
labor.
Keywords: Filter; Flooding; Environment Awareness; Ergonomics; Product Design;

Email Address: jonearlbecios@gmail.com
PAGE 55
WATER POWER OPTIMIZATION USING
DUCTED PADDLE WHEEL FOR PUMPING
AND POWER GENERATION
Jason A. Iñigo*, Oriel C. Waga Jr, Paolo R. Peliño

Dr. Rogelio C. Golez Jr.

Faculty Adviser
Abstract
Paddle wheels have been used to generate energy from free-flowing water into useful forms of power.
The hybrid paddle wheel that could pump and could generate power used the abundance of free-flowing
water of the Cagayan de Oro River. Ducted hybrid paddle wheel because the researchers aims to maximize
the water velocity and aiming to have greater output energy in each aspect of the hybrid. There are two
major components attached to the ducted paddle wheel which are water pump and alternator. The piston
pump is basically a piston type of pump it operates in reciprocating action. The alternator is an electrical
generator that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy in the form of alternating current through
the rotation of magnetic field induces an AC voltage in the stator windings. The researchers also foresee
to have this hybrid paddle wheel to be beneficial to any place with body of waters that could meet the
standard water current needed. This aims to generate power and at the same time produce water for
residential near the vicinity. Results showed that the velocity of water needed is 4.26 meters per minute.
And the hybrid paddle wheel pumps an average water capacity of 5 to 8 gallons per minute and on the
other hand it could also generate an average power of 37.7 watts.
Keywords: Paddle Wheel; Piston Pump; Power Generation;

E-mail address: jasoninigo@gmail.com

PAGE 56
CULTIVATION OF CHLORELLA VULGARIS
USING PINEAPPLE PROCESSING PLANT
WASTEWATER AS MEDIUM
Jadon N. Medel*, Lance A. Labrador, Glenn T. Generalao, Ronne C. Ambulo

Engr. Christylene S. Balagtas

Faculty Adviser
Abstract
With the global scarcity of non-renewable energy, the potential of renewable energy sources becomes
more prominent. One of these renewable sources is the microalgal oil that is used as feedstock for
biodiesel production. However, the production of microalgae using standard media like BG11 and Bold
basal is costly. This brings about the necessity of finding cheap alternatives as the media for the cultivation
of the microalgae. One possible alternative is pineapple processing plant waste water (PPPWW). It is
relatively cheap since it is an effluent and it has nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrients which
are important to plant growth. In this study, the growth of Chlorella vulgaris in simulated PPPWW was
investigated. Two media were prepared: one, which serves as the standard, is composed of urea and
complete fertilizer; the other constitutes of diluted pineapple juice. Both solution concentrations were
based on the nitrate content of BG11. For each medium, 3 batches of C. vulgaris cultures were prepared
with the inoculum-to-medium volume ratios of 1:49, 3:47, and 5:45. Each batch was then tested for its
cell density using a hemocytometer and nitrate content using a spectrophotometer every 6 hours. The
batches using the PPPWW as medium were compared with the batches using the fertilizer medium, and
the monod kinetic parameters were obtained.
Keywords: Biodiesel; Chlorella Vulgaris; Pineapple Processing Plant Wastewater

E-mail address: jadondwightmedel@gmail.com
PAGE 57
STUDY ON BATCH FERMENTATIVE SYSTEMS
ON THE PRODUCTION OF VINEGAR FROM
PINEAPPLE (ANANAS COMOSUS) AND
MANGO (MANGIFERA INDICA) REJECTS
Shoji-an D. Daradal*, John Keno T. Ong, Annjanete T. Pagdanganan, Jean Stefani N. Obsiana
Dr. Hercules R. Cascon

Faculty Adviser
Abstract
Up to 5-6% of the yearly production of pineapples (Ananas comosus) and mangoes (Mangifera indica)
in the Northern Mindanao Region are rejected as agro-industrial waste. This constitutes to almost 75000
metric tons of pineapples and 3000 metric tons of mangoes. In order to fully utilize the total production
of these fruits and lessen the amount of fruits discarded as solid waste, these rejects were used as a raw
material to develop a process of converting these fruits into value-added products such as vinegar. This
was done by subjecting the extracted juices from the reject fruits into two sets of metabolic fermentation:
alcoholic followed by acetic acid. In order to determine the optimum pineapple-mango juice ratio, three
ratios were studied in this paper which are as follows: 60% Pineapple Juice (P) 40% Mango Juice (M);
70% P 30% M; and 80% P 20% M. The effects of aeration during the second half of the experimentation
process was also monitored. It was determined that the sugar content of mixture decreases until it stayed
relatively constant after 48 hours of alcoholic fermentation and the best performing ratio was 80% P
20% M which showed a significantly high ethanol yield and the greatest sugar reduction. On the other
hand, the effects of aeration in the acetic acid fermentation was noticeably high as the conversion of
ethanol was high and exhibited a higher yield in acetic acid compared to the unaerated batch.
Keywords: Fermentation; Pineapples; Mangoes; Vinegar;

E-mail address: shojian730@gmail.com
PAGE 58
CONVERTING THERMAL ENERGY INTO
ELECTRICAL ENERGY USING
THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR
Arthur Tristan B. Callao, Kent Louise M. Dorato, Ian Jasper T. Furia*, Arnel Charles Ed M. Go,
Reil Von Paolo S. Pangan, Joshua Nicole N. Sambalod
Engr. Dondanon A. Bajarla Jr.

Faculty Adviser
Abstract
Harnessing sun’s energy is continuously increasing and there are plenty of ways of converting it into
electrical energy. In this study, thermoelectric power generation is being proposed by the researchers.
It is a kind of renewable energy which uses thermal input to produce electrical output by using
thermoelectric generator (TEG). It is a semiconductor device that works on a principle of Seebeck
Effect. When the junctions formed by joining two dissimilar current carrying conductors are maintained
at different temperatures, an electromotive force (emf) is generated in the circuit. The current carrying
through the conductors are known as the thermoelectric elements and the couple formed out of the two
current carrying conductors is known as a thermoelectric couple. In this study, the researchers used a
Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC) to focus the sun’s energy to its focal point. The focal point is where
the receiver is located and where the TEG is attached. PTC is responsible for the temperature difference
between the hot side and cold side of the TEG. The greater the temperature difference the greater the
voltage generated.
Keywords: Parabolic Trough Collector; Seebeck Effect; Temperature Difference; Thermoelectric Generator;

E-mail address: ijtamsefuria.@gmail.com
PAGE 59
INTRODUCTION OF BUILDING MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM FOR EFFICIENT ENERGY UTILIZATION
Leo Marcelo P.Villalba*, Clyde B. Maghamil, Edwin C. Curay Jr., Primo B. Revilla III,
Arvin Jhun T. Mallari, Stalin R. Narvasa II
Engr. Eliseo B. Linog Jr.

Faculty Adviser
Abstract
Modern society sets priorities toward advancement of technology, modernization of facilities, and
building more industries. To support this rapid growth of society, an increase in energy requirements
and power consumption occurs thus also increasing expenses involving electrical energy. Energy
conservation and awareness is important for monitoring and minimizing energy consumption and in
acquiring potential savings. This study focuses on providing a design and integration scheme for a
Building Management System to be used for energy conservation within buildings, as well as provide
foundation for future developments that would integrate the BMS into Smart Systems. The study
involves the overall assessment of the building, focusing on the load profile and load usage. From this,
the areas for potential savings will be determined through control scheme simulations as well as the
control mechanisms for the appropriate load control for the rooms and offices. For this study, the Xavier
University Engineering Building is used for simulation and analysis of data. The profile of the buildings
shows that it is an educational building servicing students and faculty and staffs alike. The building has
a connected load of 134.63 kilowatts, with air conditioning units comprising 41% of this total load with
55.20 kilowatts. The profiling also shows that energy is wasted in the building from various devices like
water dispensers, ACUs, and lighting units amounting to 33.24 kilowatt-hours of energy per day. From
this, potential savings calculations are made and the projected savings from these devices can reach
up to ₱86,163.84 per annum. With this, the control schedule mechanism, control modules, integration
layout, and operation were devised in order to have proper scheduling control over the electrical loads,
functioning diagram and design for the modules, proper installation plan, and effective operation and
maintenance scheme for efficient and minimal error operation.
Keywords: Building Management System; Energy Conservation; Load Control; Potential Savings;
*Corresponding Author Mobile: +639353940294

E-mail address: leomarcelovillalba@gmail.com
PAGE 60
ECO STRAW
Kurt Merkell Castillon , EJ Gallego, Jan Ciprian Fernandez, Carl John Naraga
Engr. Glenn B. Paclijan, CPIE

Faculty Adviser
Abstract
This project is mainly on saving the environment through changing the use of disposable plastic
materials which are non-biodegradable to organic materials which are biodegradable. This idea came to
mind through the drastic increase of plastic wastes from irresponsible people which harmed the whole
environment. Since “eco-friendly” products are a trend nowadays, the group invented a drinking straw
which was made from coconut leaves that could replace the current use on the market which is plastic
straws. As a result, this product aims to help the current global problem on plastic wastes, give job
opportunities to the locals and most importantly to promote products which are safe to our environment.
Keywords: Disposable; Biodegradable; Drinking Straw;

E-mail address: naragacarljohn@gmail.com
PAGE 61
PROJECT FEASIBILITY ON BOTTLE
BANK VENDING MACHINE
Peter Bryan N. Sumabat, Carlo Luis B. Intong, Lindsey Faith V. Tablan

Engr. Glenn B. Paclijan, PIE, MEng.

Faculty Adviser
Abstract
The main objective of this project feasibility is to conceptualize, design and study a product that will solve
the existing problem in the country about the increase of unsegregated solid waste and improper waste
disposal. The more waste in the Philippines causes the increase in global warming, high temperature and
less oxygen because of the air pollution. The study research by ECE graduates (Acedera, Capagngan,
Laganao, and Ondap) was entitled as “Cloud System Based Reverse Vending Machine that Converts
Clear Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles into Redeemable Points. The said Reverse Vending
Machine is able to reduce the percentage of improperly thrown PET Bottles in the environment also to
encourage the communities into recycling (C. Acedera et al., 2016). The mechanics of the machine, for
every PET Bottle inserted will have an instant reward redeemable points stored using the technology
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) card. In this Project Feasibility study, the role of Industrial
Engineers is to test the feasibility of the product’s potential demand in the Philippine market. The goal
of this study is to make a complete Business plan that includes the marketing plan, production plan
and the financial plan figures of the said product. The brand name for the Reverse vending machine
would be Bottle Bank Vending Machine. The Bottle Bank vending machine (marketing brand name)
in the Philippines is yet to known and the study determines on how consumers would react if a new
kind of machine introduced in the country. To sum it up, the researchers of both party aims to help the
environment, while on the other side for Industrial Engineering also aims for excellence through putting
the projected figures into realistic scenario and assumptions by applying the learning from the Project
feasibility subject course.
Keywords: Bottle Bank Vending Machine; PET Bottle; Feasibility;

E-mail address: peterbryansumabat.@gmail.com
PAGE 62
FABRICATION OF A TESLA TURBINE
INCORPORATED WITH “FISH FINS” FOR THE
ELECTRIC GENERATION IN SITO TAGUANAO,
BARANGAY INDAHAG, MISAMIS ORIENTAL
Roy Antonio A. Abuzo Jr.*, Paul Tristan T. Carrumba, Issan B. Al Accad

Engr. Nelson T. Corbita

Faculty Adviser
Abstract
Acknowledging the various needs for an alternative harvesting of electrical energy, engineers nowadays
embodies the idea of engaging in renewable energy resources. This paper focuses on the effect of fish
fins to the performance and efficiency of a Tesla turbine. Because of its promising high power output
and economical values, there’s no doubt that this electricity generating turbine is of great help and
importance to remote areas in the Philippines, including the Sitio Taguanao, Barangay Indahag, where
it will be operated for addressing the basic necessities of the households in the community. The basic
principal operation of a Tesla turbine is based on the smoothness of its disks interspaced closely with
one another. Due to the two properties of fluid which are Adhesion and Viscosity, water will adhere
to the smooth surface of the disks of the turbine and the viscosity will cause the rotation of the disks
without frictional resistance. The focus of this paper are innovations to prior designs such as installing
fish fins, which are like blades in a bladed turbine but in a much smaller size. These fins is to offer some
frictional resistance on the disks to the water but at a very minimal level, which would in turn add to the
adhesiveness of the water to the disks. The motivation for this modification and hard effort occurs as
the conventional hydro turbines does not utilize all the water’s power and the prior tesla turbine design
has a tendency to slip the water out of the disks because of no frictional resistance that could adhere to
the disks. The recognized objectives of this study are to determine the performance of fish fins in the
Tesla turbine; which is achieved by installing an alternator to compare the turbine’s rotational speed with
respect to the water’s velocity, and develop a system that would promote electricity production in the
community at a clean and economical way.
Keywords: Fish Fins; Viscosity; Adhesion;

E-mail address: roy_abuzo101@yahoo.com
PAGE 63
ONSHORE DUCTED WIND BELT FARM USING
FILM STRIPS FOR ALUBIJID, MISAMIS ORIENTAL
Arvin T. Abellanosa*, Alex Jasper B. Arsua, Art Andrew A. Labial

Dr. Rogelio C. Golez, Jr.

Faculty Adviser
Abstract
Recognizing the need for numerous alternatives on electricity harvesting, people nowadays embrace
ideas of targeting renewable sources. This paper focuses on how low wind energy is harvested through
the means of utilizing film strips, since such renewable source of energy is included in one of the
fastest growing studies under renewable power sources. Due to its economical and promising values,
no wonder this kind of harvesting technology is in demand with most areas within the Philippines,
including Barangay Baybay, Alubijid, where it will be installed for the benefit of the fisherfolk. Although
such technology is a challenge, it is still considered the cleanest and most sustainable way in harvesting
electricity. The working principle, as proposed in this paper, is directly based on the fluttering of a thin
polymeric material that is stretched at a specified tension, with a magnet securely attached at its one
end and a pair of copper coils positioned above and below the magnets, and such fluttering motion
constitutes to electromagnetic induction. Also included in this paper are modifications, with respect to
prior designs, such as the utilization of film strips which enables more electrical generation. Another
considerable modification in this project is how this can easily be applied and installed in air-exhibiting
contraptions, which include exhaust fans, or on top of public-utility vehicles, in order to utilize the wind
energy and translate such energy into electrical energy. The requirement of this innovative and fresh
effort arises as the conventional wind belt produces low electrical energy and utilizes only one wind
belt within the whole system. The known objectives of this study are to determine the performance of
film strips in a multiple wind belt farm and develop direct alternatives and ideas that easily promote
sustainable, affordable, and clean energy production.
Keywords: Electromagnetic Induction; Sustainable Energy; Wind Belt; Wind Energy;

E-mail address: arvinabellanosa001@gmail.com
PAGE 64
SOLAR POWERED DATA ACQUISITION OF
WAVE CHARACTERISTICS VIA GLOBAL
SYSTEM FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATION
Garry A. Macarat, Splash N. Olango, Adams Joseph W. Lomoya, Aurelio F. Nericua,

Andre A. Patriana, Paul L. Magdale, Russ Nelson E. Villa
Engr. Jolou Miraflor

Faculty Adviser
Abstract
The study used is an existing research study about Wave Activated Forced-Air Energy Conversion
System (WAFECS). WAFECS is a type of instrument that is used for the intention of harnessing
wave characteristics. In this study, the researchers desire to come up with a design that will enable the
WAFECS to transmit data remoMobiley to a receiver that covers a long distance. This study attempts
to implement a remote data collection using the Global system for Mobile communications and an
independent power supply that will cater the energy requirement of the device using solar energy.
Through programming, the GSM shield will transmit data with the use of cellular signal, this applies
to any location within the boundaries of the network service provider. In the first phase of the study,
the researchers test the data transmission of GSM Shield by programming the Arduino microcontroller
using the Arduino IDE software. After programming the researchers then proceed to the second phase
which is solve for the solar PV system calculations to acquire the appropriate equipments that will be
used in the design. In choosing the right solar panel, solar charger and battery to be used, many things
are taken into consideration like the total load, days of autonomy, nominal voltage, battery efficiency,
short circuit current of the solar panel and the number of sunshine hours. After the thorough process of
the experiment the researchers were able to design a device which is effective in providing remote data
collection using cellular mobile via Global Communication System for Mobile. The researchers also
manage to come up with a solar PV system design consisting of a 26 ampere-hour battery, 5 watt solar
panel and a 1 ampere solar regulator.
Keywords: Arduino; GSM; WAFECS;
*Corresponding Author Mobile.: +63-917-779 -7392

E-mail address: ajnericua@gmail.com
PAGE 65
F Y P 20 1 8

FYP Journal 2018

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

FYP Journal 2018

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

JOURNAL 2018 BOOK OF ABSTRACTS

FINAL YEAR PROJECTS JOURNAL 2018 COMMITTEE

Christine May C. Creayla

Jan Carlos Vincent G. Arquiza

Sam Stephen S. Mangubat

For general inquiries:

5 FYPDP 2018 FINALISTS

12 MATERIAL SYNTHESIS AND PROCESSING

26 TRANSPORTATION AND SYSTEMS ENGINEERING

42 DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT

50 ENVIRONMENT AND RENEWABLE ENERGY

Riyah Junelyn B. Dispo*, Emmanuel C. Cimafranca I, Kristine Paula A. Quilab,

Maria Theresa Isla-Cabaraban PhD

*Corresponding Author Mobile.: 0917-163-7420

Engr. Gunnar Marc Shane C. Cabaraban

*Corresponding Author Mobile.: +63-933-166-7050

Joseph Ali O. Salvaña*, Mary Jo V. Cabactulan, Justin Paolo E. Almarza

Engr. Nelson T. Corbita Jr.

*Corresponding Author Mobile.: +63-926-521-3777

Carlo Kristian O. Pailagao*, Kiana Louise B. Razalo, Ralph Laurence B. Tan

Lolit Villanueva, PECE, MEng

Keywords: VIP; Ultrasonic Sensors; Object Detection; White Cane

*Corresponding Author Mobile.: +63-915-335-0907

Jaya Minorca D. Bautista*, Monica Marie G. Baba, Jericko A. Chi

Engr. Ingrid Yvonne Madrial

Keywords: Commission on Higher Education Accreditation; Higher Education Institutions;

*Corresponding Author Mobile.: +63-905-770-5070

Aeron Jan A. Sy Cezar*, Dan Runielle S. Cabahug, Jason B. Co,

Dr. Gerardo Apor, CE and Engr. Dexter S. Lo

Keywords: Slope Stability; Rain-Induced; Landslide; Carmen Hill;

*Corresponding Author Mobile: +63-917-146-4734

Engr. Julie Ann I. Dela Cruz

Keywords: Steel; Bamboo Culm; Bamboo Reinforcement; Ferro-Cement; Hollow Blocks

*Corresponding Author Mobile: +63-927-669 -6022

Dellany Rea C. Arquisola, Jacqueline Sheena R. Jumuad, Adele Christine B. Lamco*,

Dr. Gerardo P. Apor

Keywords: Compressive Strength; Pervious Concrete; Permeability

*Corresponding Author Mobile: +63-936-897-1108

Dr. Gerardo P. Apor

Keywords: Tensile Strength; Geocell; Square Footing; Tire

*Corresponding Author Mobile: +63-947-719-4187

Dr. Anabel A. Abuzo

*Corresponding Author Mobile: +63-917-744-0932

Dr. Gerardo P. Apor

*Corresponding Author Mobile: +63-915-721-7773

Dr. Gerardo P. Apor

Keywords: Fly Ash; Precast; Formwork; Compressive; Punching

*Corresponding Author Mobile: +63-936-672-8389

Jou Jon Galenzoga, Ronilou Sumile, Jasmine Zayas, Kenneth Zurita*

Majiah S. Collado, PECE

Keywords: Acoustic; Fly Ash; Interrupted-Noise; Reverberation Chamber

*Corresponding Author Mobile: +63-935-954-0378

Dr. Shierlyn S. Paclijan

Keywords: Cassava Peelings; Cellulose Nanofiber; Hemicellulose; Lignin

*Corresponding Author Mobile: +63-926-535-3696

Hercules R. Cascon, Ph.D.

*Corresponding Author Mobile: +63-955 522 7468

Engr. Edwin Richard Ortiz

*Corresponding Author Mobile: +63-975-045-0427

Henry Carlos Nambatac*, Mark Eland C. Bringas, Tim Anthony G. Centino

Dr. Elmer B. Dollera

Refrigeration is a process of removing heat from a low-temperature reservoir and transferring it to a

Keywords: Vapor Compression Cycle; Mini Refrigeration; Mini Evaporator

*Corresponding Author Mobile: +63-916-457-6394