An Enhanced Islanding Microgrid Reactive

Power, Imbalance Power, and Harmonic

Power Sharing Scheme

Abstract
Introduction:
In the case of islanding operation, the load demand must be
properly shared by parallel DG units. To facilitate the power
sharing requirement without using any communications between
DG units, the real power–frequency and reactive power– voltage
magnitude droop control method has been developed. In this
control category, real power and reactive power in the power
control loop are calculated using low-pass filters (LPF).
Accordingly, the major focus of droop control is the sharing of
averaged real and reactive power. It has been pointed out that
the real power sharing is always accurate, while the reactive
power sharing performance is dependent on the impedance of
DG feeders. In addition, the droop control method may cause
some stability problems when DG feeders are mainly resistive.
To enhance the power sharing performance in a microgrid,
various types of modified droop control methods have been
developed.
Existing system:
Each DG system is comprised of a dc source, a pulse-width
modulation (PWM) voltage source inverter (VSI) and LC filters.
Under normal mode of operation, the microgrid is connected to
the utility system at the point of common coupling (PCC)
usually through a static transfer switch (STS). In this mode, the
two DG systems are controlled to provide local power and
voltage support for critical loads 1–3. This configuration reduces
the burden of generation and delivery of power directly from the
utility grid and enhances the immunity of critical loads to system
disturbances in the utility grid. When a utility fault occurs, the
STS opens to isolate the micro and utility grids within half a line
frequency cycle. The two DG systems are now the sole power
sources left to regulate the load voltages and to supply
uninterrupted power in a certain predetermined DG power
sharing scheme to all critical loads within the microgrid.
Subsequently when the fault is cleared, the microgrid has to be
resynchronized with the utility grid before the STS can be
reclosed to return the system smoothly back to the grid-
connected mode of operation.

Proposed system:
In this paper, an adaptive virtual impedance control method
is applied to DG units in islanding microgrids. The virtual
impedance at fundamental positive sequence, fundamental
negative sequence, and harmonic frequencies are determined
according to transient real power variations. To activate small
amount of transient power variations, a transient control term is
added to the conventional real power–frequency droop control.
Through interactions between real power variations and the
virtual impedance regulation, a microgrid reactive power,
imbalance power, and harmonic power sharing errors can be
compensated at the steady state.
Applications:
 Distributed generation.
 Renewable energy resource (RES).
Block diagram:

LOAD

INPUT DC THREE PHASE LC FILTER

SUPPLY INVERTER

NON
LINEAR
LOAD

12V DC DRIVER CIRCUIT

5V DC PIC CONTROLLER
WITH BUFFER

Tools and software used:

 MPLAB – microcontroller programming.
 ORCAD – circuit layout.
 MATLAB/Simulink – Simulation.