USING MOLES Checkup on Chapter 6 Revision checklist Extended curriculum Make sure you can ... Ci explain what a mole of atoms or molecules or ions is, and give examples C1 say what the Avogadro constant is 1 do these calculations, using A, and M,: ~ find the mass of 1 mole of a substance ~ change moles to masses — change masses to moles 11 use the idea of the mole to: ~ calculate the masses of reactants or products, from the equation for a reaction ~ work out the equation for a reaction, given the masses of the reactants and products Oi define molar volume and rtp Ci calculate the volume that a gas will occupy at tp, from its mass, or number of moles C1 calculate the volume of gas produced in a reaction, sziven the equation and the mass of one substance Oi explain what concentration of a solution means and ive examples, using grams and moles C state the units used for concentration Oi explain what a molar solution is D1 work out: ~ the concentration of a solution, when you know the amount of solute dissolved in it ~ the amount of solute dissolved in a solution, when you know its concentration CI explain what the empirical formula of a substance is 1 work out the empirical formula, from the masses that react C1 work out the correct formula, using the empirical formula and M, Di define % yield Ci calculate the % yield for a reaction, from the equation and the actual mass of product obtained 1D define % purity Di calculate the % purity of a product, given the mass of the impure product, and the mass of pure product it contains Questions Extended curriculum 1 Iron is obtained by reducing iron(II) oxide using the gas carbon monoxide. The reaction is: Fe,0, (s) + 3CO (g) —> 2Fe (s) + 3€0, (g) a Write a word equation for the reaction. 1b What is the formula mass of iron(II1) oxide? (A,: Fe = 56, 0 = 16.) © How many moles of Fe,0, are there in 320 kg of iron(IID) oxide? (1 kg = 1000 g.) 4 How many moles of Fe are obtained from 1 mole of Fe,0,? Fromcand d, find how many moles of iron atoms are obtained from 320 kg of iron(II) oxide. £ How much iron (in kg) is obtained from 320 kg. of iron(II1) oxide? 2 With strong heating, calcium carbonate undergoes thermal decomposition: CaCO, (s) —> CaO (5) + CO, (2) a Write a word equation for the change. b_ How many moles of CaCO, are in 50 g of calcium, carbonate? (A,: Ca = 40, € = 12, 0 = 16.) © i What mass of calcium oxide is obtained from the thermal decomposition of 50 g of calcium carbonate, assuming a 40% yield ? if What mass of carbon dioxide will be given off at the same time? iti What volume will this gas occupy at rtp? 3, Nitroglycerine is used as an explosive. The equation for the explosion reaction is: 4C,H(NO,), () 12C0, (g) + 10H,0 (1) + 6N, (g) + 0; (¢) a How many moles does the equation show for: i nitroglycerine? fi_gas molecules produced? b How many moles of gas molecules are obtained from 1 mole of nitroglycerine? © What is the total volume of gas (at rip) obtained from 1 mole of nitroglycerine? 4. What is the mass of 1 mole of nitroglycerine? (4: = 1, C= 12,N=14,0= 16) © What will be the total volume of gas (at rtp) from exploding 1 kg of nitroglycerine? £ Using your answers above, try to explain why nitroglycerine is used as an explosive.4 Nitrogen monoxide reacts with oxygen like this: 2NO (g) + 0, (g)—2NO, (g) a How many moles of oxygen molecules react with 1 mole of nitrogen monoxide molecules? 1b What volume of oxygen will react with 50 cm’ of nitrogen monoxide? Using the volumes in b, what is: 1 the total volume of the two reactants? ii the volume of nitrogen dioxide formed? 5. 2g (an excess) of iron is added to 50 em! of 0.5 M sulfuric acid. When the reaction is over, the reaction mixture is filtered. The mass of the unreacted iron is found to be 0.6 g. (A,: Fe = 56.) ‘a What mass of iron took part in the reaction? b How many moles of iron atoms took part? © How many moles of sulfuric acid reacted? d_ Write the equation for the reaction, and deduce the charge on the iron ion that formed. € What volume of hydrogen (calculated at rtp) bubbled off during the reaction? 6 27 of aluminium bums in chlorine to form 133.5 g of aluminium chloride. (A,: Al = 27, Cl = 35.5.) a What mass of chlorine is present in 133.5 g of aluminium chloride? b How many moles of chlorine atoms is this? © How many moles of aluminium atoms are present in 27 g of aluminium? Use your answers for parts b and ¢ to find the simplest formula of aluminium chloride. € I dm’ of an aqueous solution is made using 13.35 g of aluminium chloride. What is its concentration in moles per dm'? 7 You have to prepare some 2 M solutions, with 10 g of solute in each. What volume of solution will you prepare, for each solute below? (A: H=1,Li=7,N=14,0= 16, Mg=24,8 lithium sulfate, Li,S0, b magnesium sulfate, MgSO, © ammonium nitrate, NH,NO, =32) 8 Phosphorus forms two oxides, which have the empirical formulae P,O, and P,O,. ‘a Which oxide contains the higher percentage of phosphorus? (A,: P = 31, 0 = 16.) 1b What mass of phosphorus will combine with 1 mole of oxygen molecules (0,) to form P,0,? © What is the molecular formula of the oxide that has a formula mass of 284? Suggest a molecular formula for the other oxide USING MO 9 Zinc and phosphorus react to give zinc phosphide. 9.75 g of zinc combines with 3.1 g of phosphorus. a. Find the empirical formula for the compound. (4p Zn = 65, P = 31) b Calculate the percentage of phosphorus in it. 10 110 g of manganese was extracted from 174 g of manganese oxide. (A,: Mn = $5, 0 = 16.) a What mass of oxygen is there in 174 g of manganese oxide? b_ How many moles of oxygen atoms is this? © How many moles of manganese atoms are there in 110 g of manganese? 4. Give the empirical formula of manganese oxide, © What mass of manganese can obtained from 1000 ¢ of manganese oxide? 11 Find the molecular formulae for these compounds. (A:H=1,C=12,N=14,0-16) Compound M, Empirical Molecular formula formula a hydrazine 32 NH, b cyanogen 52 CN enivogen 92 NO, d glucose 180 CHO. 42 Hydrocarbons A and B both contain 85.7% carbon. ‘Their molar masses are 42 and 84 g respectively. Which elements does a hydrocarbon contain? b Calculate the empirical formulae of A and B. € Calculate the molecular formulae of A and B. 13 Mercury(I) oxide breaks down on heating: 211g0 (s) — 21g (1) + 0, (¢) a Calculate the mass of 1 mole of mercury(I) oxide, (A,: 0 = 16, Hg = 201) b How much mercury and oxygen could be obtained from 21.7 g of mercury(I) oxide? © Only 19.0 ¢ of mercury was collected. Calculate the % yield of mercury for this experiment. 4A 5-g sample of impure magnesium carbonate is reacted with an excess of hydrochloric acid: MgCO, (5) + 2HCl (aq) > MgCl, (ag) + H,0 (1) + €0, (g) 1250 cm’ of carbon dioxide is collected at rtp. a How many moles of CO, are produced? b_ What mass of pure magnesium carbonate would give this volume of carbon dioxide? (A C= 12, O= 16, Mg = 24) © Calculate the % purity of the 5-g sample.