DAFTAR ISI

Halaman
ABSTRAK ...................................................................................................
KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................
DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................
DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................... vii
DAFTAR TABEL ........................................................................................ ix

BAB I PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Latar Belakang ...................................................................................... 1
1.2 Tujuan Penulisan ................................................................................... 1
1.3 Manfaat Kerja Praktek .......................................................................... 2
1.4 Rumusan Masalah ................................................................................ 2
1.5 Batasan Masalah ................................................................................... 2
1.6 Metoda Pengumpulan Data ................................................................... 2
1.7 Waktu dan Tempat Pelaksanaan ............................................................ 3
1.8 Sistematika Penulisan............................................................................. 3

BAB II TINJAUAN UMUM PERUSAHAAN

2.1 Sejarah Singkat Perusahaan .................................................................. 5
2.2 Ruang Lingkup Kegiatan Perusahaan ................................................... 5
2.3 Struktur Organisasi ............................................................................... 7
2.4 Fasilitas Pabrik ...................................................................................... 8
2.4.1 Bagian-bagian Utama PLTA Cirata ........................................... 9
2.4.1.1 Sistem Water Way ......................................................... 9
2.4.1.2 Turbin ............................................................................ 16
2.4.1.3 Generator ....................................................................... 21
2.4.1.3 Transformator ................................................................ 24
2.4.2 Sistem Pendukung PLTA Cirata ................................................. 25
2.4.2.1 Sistem Pendingin .......................................................... 25

iv
 2.4.2.2 Sistem Udara Tekan ...................................................... 27
2.4.2.3 Sistem Kelistrikan......................................................... 30

BAB III LANDASAN TEORI

3.1 Motor AC .............................................................................................. 33
3.1.1 Motor Sinkron............................................................................. 33
3.1.2 Motor Induksi ............................................................................. 35
3.1.2.1 Komponen ...................................................................... 35
3.1.2.2 Klasifikasi Motor Induksi ............................................... 36
3.1.2.3 Kecepatan Motor Induksi ............................................... 36
3.1.2.4 Hubungan Antara Beban, Kecepatan dan Torque .......... 37
3.2 Alat-alat Starter Motor Induksi ............................................................. 39
3.2.1 Direct On Line ............................................................................ 39
3.2.2 Star Delta .................................................................................... 41
3.2.3 Autotransformer .......................................................................... 43
3.2.4 Soft Starter .................................................................................. 44
3.2.5 SCR ....................................................................................... 46
3.2.6 TRIAC ....................................................................................... 49
3.2.6.1 Jenis-jenis Triac .............................................................. 50
3.2.6.2 Cara KErja Triac ............................................................. 51
3.2.6.3 Karakteristik Triac .......................................................... 51
3.2.7 DIAC ....................................................................................... 52

BAB IV PEMBAHASAN
4.1 Dewatering Pump ................................................................................. 54
4.2 Data Hasil Pegujian ............................................................................... 54
4.2.1 Pengukuran Star Delta.................................................................. 55
4.2.2 Pengukuran Soft Starter ............................................................... 57
4.3 Drop Tegangan ...................................................................................... 61
4.3.1 Drop Tegangan Pada Star Delta ................................................... 61
4.3.2 Drop Tegangan Pada Soft Starter ................................................. 62
4.4 Manfaat Finansial ................................................................................... 63

v
4.5 Manfaat Non Finansial ........................................................................... 65

BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN

5.1 Kesimpulan ........................................................................................... 66
5.2 Saran ...................................................................................................... 66
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

LAMPIRAN A xxxxxxxxxxxx .................................................................. A-1

LAMPIRAN B xxxxxxxx ......................................................................... B-1
LAMPIRAN C xxxxxxxx............................................................................ C-1
LAMPIRAN D xxxxxxxxxxx .................................................................... D-1
LAMPIRAN Exxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx ......................................................... D-1

vi
 DAFTAR GAMBAR

Halaman
Gambar 2.1 Struktur Organisasi PT. PJB UP Cirata .................................... 8
Gambar 2.2 Sistem water way PLTA Cirata ................................................. 9
Gambar 2.3 Waduk Cirata ........................................................................... 10
Gambar 2.4 Bendungan Cirata ..................................................................... 11
Gambar 2.5 Water Intake Gate ..................................................................... 11
Gambar 2.6 Lower Penstock PLTA Cirata .................................................. 12
Gambar 2.7 Inlet Valve PLTA Cirata ........................................................... 13
Gambar 2.8 Spiral Case untuk Turbin Francis ............................................ 13
Gambar 2.9 Tailrace Gate............................................................................ 14
Gambar 2.10 Spillway Gate ........................................................................... 15
Gambar 2.11 Crane Barge ............................................................................. 16
Gambar 2.12 Turbin PLTA Cirata ................................................................. 17
Gambar 2.13 Turbin Francis .......................................................................... 18
Gambar 2.14 By pass Valve ........................................................................... 19
Gambar 2.15 Instalasi Shaft Seal ................................................................... 20
Gambar 2.16 Dewatering Pump ..................................................................... 20
Gambar 2.17 Rotor dan Stator saat dilakukan pemeliharaan ......................... 22
Gambar 2.18 Trafo dan Panel Eksitasi ........................................................... 22
Gambar 2.19 High Pressure Pump (HP Pump) ............................................. 23
Gambar 2.20 Main Transformer (Trafo Utama) ............................................ 24
Gambar 2.21 Presure tank inlet valve ............................................................ 28
Gambar 2.22 Sistem udara tekan inlet valve dan governor ........................... 28
Gambar 2.23 Service Transformer (STR) dan House Transformer (HTR) ... 31
Gambar 2.24 Single line diagram PLTA Cirata ............................................. 32
Gambar 3.1 Motor Sinkron .......................................................................... 34
Gambar 3.2 Motor Induksi (Automated Buildings) ....................................... 35
Gambar 3.3 Grafik Torque Kecepatan Motor Induksi AC 3-Fase ................. 38
Gambar 3.4 Motor Dewatering Pump ............................................................ 38
Gambar 3.5 Grafik Arus dan Torsi Starter Direct On Line .......................... 40

vii
Gambar 3.6 Rangkaian Daya dan Rangakaian Kontrol Direct On Line ...... 40
Gambar 3.7 Skematik pada Star Delta ......................................................... 41
Gambar 3.8 Arus dan Torsi Starter pada Star Delta ..................................... 41
Gambar 3.9 Rangkaian Daya dan Rangakaian Kontrol Star Delta .............. 42
Gambar 3.10 Arus dan Torsi Starter pada Autotransformer ........................ 43
Gambar 3.11 Rangkaian Daya dan Rangakaian Kontrol Autotransformer.... 44
Gambar 3.12 Rangkaian Dasar Soft Starter ................................................... 45
Gambar 3.13 Tahapan hasil pemicu SCR yang diharapkan ........................... 46
Gambar 3.14 Logo SCR ................................................................................. 46
Gambar 3.15 Diagram dan Skema SCR ........................................................ 47
Gambar 3.16 Cara Kerja SCR ...................................................................... 48
Gambar 3.17 Karakter SCR ......................................................................... 48
Gambar 3.18 Rangkaian SCR ....................................................................... 49
Gambar 3.19 Lambang TRIAC skema Elektronika ...................................... 50
Gambar 3.20 Struktur TRIAC ....................................................................... 50
Gambar 3.21 Rangkaian TRIAC ................................................................... 51
Gambar 3.22 Simbol DIAC .......................................................................... 52
Gambar 3.23 Karakter DIAC ........................................................................ 52
Gambar 3.24 Rangkaian DIAC .................................................................... 53
Gambar 3.25 DIAC ....................................................................................... 52
Gambar 4.1 Motor Dewatering Pum ........................................................... 54
Gambar 4.2 Grafik Metoda Star Delta ........................................................ 56
Gambar 4.3 Grafik Metoda Soft Starter ...................................................... 60
Gambar 4.4 Drop Tegangan Metoda Star Delta ......................................... 61
Gambar 4.5 Drop Tegangan Metoda Soft Starter ....................................... 62

viii
 DAFTAR TABEL

Halaman
Tabel 2.1 Kapasitas Terpasang PLTA Cirata ................................................. 6
Tabel 4.1 Pengukuran Metoda Star Delta ...................................................... 55
Tabel 4.2 Pengukuran Metoda Soft Starter .................................................... 57
Tabel 4.3 Kelebihan dan kekurangan Star Deltan dan Soft Starter................ 63

ix